JPS60254704A - Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition - Google Patents

Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition

Info

Publication number
JPS60254704A
JPS60254704A JP59111172A JP11117284A JPS60254704A JP S60254704 A JPS60254704 A JP S60254704A JP 59111172 A JP59111172 A JP 59111172A JP 11117284 A JP11117284 A JP 11117284A JP S60254704 A JPS60254704 A JP S60254704A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
voltage
varistor
noise
nonlinear resistor
mol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP59111172A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
野井 慶一
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP59111172A priority Critical patent/JPS60254704A/en
Priority to EP85103135A priority patent/EP0157276B1/en
Priority to DE8585103135T priority patent/DE3563610D1/en
Publication of JPS60254704A publication Critical patent/JPS60254704A/en
Priority to US06/930,995 priority patent/US4781859A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。
(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は電子機器や電気機器で発生する異常電圧、ノイ
ズ、静電気などを吸収もしくは除去するS r 1−z
Ca!T to3(0,001≦X≦o、3oo)を主
成分とする電圧依存性非直線抵抗体を得るだめの磁器組
成物に関するものでおる。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Field The present invention is directed to absorbing or removing abnormal voltage, noise, static electricity, etc. generated in electronic equipment and electrical equipment.
Ca! This invention relates to a ceramic composition for obtaining a voltage-dependent nonlinear resistor whose main component is T to 3 (0,001≦X≦o, 3oo).

従来例の構成とその問題点 従来、各種電子機器、電気機器における異常高電圧(以
下サージと呼ぶ)の吸収、雑音の除去、火花消去などの
ために電圧依存性非直線抵抗特性を有するSiCバリス
タやZnO系バリスタなどが使用されていた。このよう
なバリスタの電圧−電流特性は近似的に次式のように表
わすことができる。
Conventional structure and its problems Conventionally, SiC varistors have voltage-dependent nonlinear resistance characteristics for absorbing abnormally high voltages (hereinafter referred to as surges), removing noise, extinguishing sparks, etc. in various electronic and electrical devices. and ZnO-based varistors were used. The voltage-current characteristics of such a varistor can be approximately expressed as follows.

1 − (V/C)“ ここで、■は電流、■は電圧、Cはバリスタ固有の定数
であシ、ぼけ電圧非直線指数である。
1 - (V/C)" Here, ■ is current, ■ is voltage, C is a constant specific to the varistor, and is a blur voltage nonlinear index.

SiCバリスタのぼけ2〜7程度、ZnO系バリスタで
はdが60にもおよぶものがある。このようなバリスタ
はサージのように比較的高い電圧の吸収には優れた性能
を有しているが、誘電率が低く固有静電容量が小さいた
め、バリスタ電圧以下の低い電圧(例えばノイズなど)
の吸収に対してはほとんど効果を示さず、また誘電損失
角(tanδ)も6〜10%と大きい。
The blur of SiC varistors is about 2 to 7, and the d of some ZnO-based varistors is as high as 60. Although such varistors have excellent performance in absorbing relatively high voltages such as surges, their low dielectric constant and small specific capacitance prevent them from absorbing low voltages below the varistor voltage (e.g. noise).
It has little effect on the absorption of , and the dielectric loss angle (tan δ) is as large as 6 to 10%.

一方、これら低電圧のノイズなどの除去には組成や焼成
条件を適当に選択することにより、見かけの誘電率が6
×1o 〜6 X 10’程度でtanδが1%前後の
半導体磁器コンデンサが利用されている。しかし、この
ような半導体磁器コンデンサはサージなどによりある限
度以上の電流が素子に印加されると破壊したり、コンデ
ンサとしての機能を果たさなくなったシする。
On the other hand, in order to remove these low voltage noises, the apparent dielectric constant can be reduced to 6 by appropriately selecting the composition and firing conditions.
Semiconductor ceramic capacitors with a tan δ of about 1% and a size of about 10 to 6×10' are used. However, such semiconductor ceramic capacitors may break down or cease to function as a capacitor if a current exceeding a certain limit is applied to the element due to a surge or the like.

上記のような理由で電気機器、電子機器においては、サ
ージ吸収やノイズ除去などの目的のために通常バリスタ
とコンデンサ及び他の部品(例えばコイルなど)とを組
み合わせて使用され、例えばノイズフィルタはこのよう
な構成になっている。
For the reasons mentioned above, in electrical and electronic equipment, varistors are usually used in combination with capacitors and other parts (such as coils) for purposes such as surge absorption and noise removal.For example, noise filters use this combination. It is structured like this.

第1図は一般的な従来のノイズフィルタ回路を示し、第
2図はバリスタとコンデンサ及びコイルを組み合わせて
構成された従来のノイズフィルタ回路を示している。こ
こで、1はコイノペ2はコンデンサ、3はバリスタであ
る。
FIG. 1 shows a general conventional noise filter circuit, and FIG. 2 shows a conventional noise filter circuit configured by combining a varistor, a capacitor, and a coil. Here, 1 is a Koinope 2 is a capacitor, and 3 is a varistor.

しかし、第1図に示したノイズフィルタはサージに弱く
、第2図に示したノイズフィルタは部品点数が多く、比
較的大型となるため機器全体の小形化動向に相反し、コ
スト高になるといった欠点を有していた。
However, the noise filter shown in Figure 1 is vulnerable to surges, and the noise filter shown in Figure 2 has many parts and is relatively large, which contradicts the trend toward miniaturization of overall equipment and increases costs. It had drawbacks.

発明の目的 本発明は上記のような従来のサージ吸収、ノイズ除去に
おける欠点を除去し、バリスタとコンデンサの両方の機
能を有し、1個の素子でサージ吸収及びノイズ除去が可
能な複合機能を有するバリスタを作るのに好適な電圧依
存性非直線抵抗体磁器組成物を提供することを目的とし
ている。
Purpose of the Invention The present invention eliminates the drawbacks of conventional surge absorption and noise removal as described above, and provides a composite function that has the functions of both a varistor and a capacitor and can perform surge absorption and noise removal with a single element. The object of the present invention is to provide a voltage-dependent nonlinear resistor ceramic composition suitable for making a varistor having the following characteristics.

発明の構成 本発明は上記のような目的を達成するために、5ri−
xcaxTi03(0,001≦X≦0.300)を9
5.000−99、997mo1%と、Y2O3をQ、
001−2.000 molチと、CO203をO,0
O1−2,000mo 1 %と、CuOを0.001
〜1,000mo1%含有してなる電圧依存性非直線抵
抗体磁器組成物、及び5r1−xCaxTi○3(o、
oo1≦X≦0.300 )を92.000−99.9
96 mo 1%と、Y2O3を0.001−2.00
0 mo 1 %と、CO203を0.001−2.O
OOmo1%と、Cu(>o、oo1〜1.oo。
Structure of the Invention In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention has five ri-
xcaxTi03 (0,001≦X≦0.300) to 9
5.000-99, 997 mo1% and Y2O3 Q,
001-2.000 mol and CO203 O,0
O1-2,000mo1% and CuO 0.001
A voltage-dependent nonlinear resistor ceramic composition containing ~1,000 mo1%, and 5r1-xCaxTi○3(o,
oo1≦X≦0.300) 92.000-99.9
96 mo 1% and Y2O3 0.001-2.00
0 mo 1% and CO203 at 0.001-2. O
OOmo1% and Cu (>o, oo1~1.oo.

mo1%と、Ag2O,A12o3のうち少なくとも1
種類以上を0.001〜3.000 mo l多含有し
てなる電圧依存性非直線抵抗体磁器組成物に係わるもの
である。
mo1% and at least 1 of Ag2O, A12o3
The present invention relates to a voltage-dependent nonlinear resistor ceramic composition containing 0.001 to 3.000 mol of the above types.

実施例の説明 以下に本発明を実施例を挙げて具体的に説明する0 8rCo3.CaCO3及びTiO2をSro、9Ca
o、1TiO3になるようにそれぞれ秤量配合し、ボー
ルミルなどで15時間攪拌混合し、これを乾燥し、粉砕
し、その後1200″Cで3時間焼成し、再び粉砕して
S ro、 9C&o、 1T to3を合成した。
DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to Examples. CaCO3 and TiO2 as Sro, 9Ca
o, 1TiO3, stirred and mixed in a ball mill for 15 hours, dried and pulverized, then fired at 1200''C for 3 hours, pulverized again and S ro, 9C&o, 1T to3 was synthesized.

次に、上記S To、 9Cao、 1T 103にY
2O3,Co2O3゜Cub、 Ag2O,Al2O3
を下記の第1表の組成比になるように秤量配合し、ボー
ルミルなどで16時間攪拌、混合した。
Next, Y to the above S To, 9Cao, 1T 103
2O3, Co2O3゜Cub, Ag2O, Al2O3
were weighed and blended to have the composition ratio shown in Table 1 below, and stirred and mixed using a ball mill or the like for 16 hours.

次に、これを乾燥した後粉砕し、10〜15重量%のポ
リビニルアルコールなどの有機結合剤を加えて造粒し、
成型圧力1.0 t、乙−で10φIIEllX1tl
lの円板状に成形した。
Next, this is dried and crushed, and granulated by adding 10 to 15% by weight of an organic binder such as polyvinyl alcohol.
Molding pressure 1.0 t, 10φIIEl x 1tl
It was molded into a disk shape.

これらの円板をN2(95容積%) + H2(5容積
%)の環元雰囲気中で約1350’C・4時間焼成した
These disks were fired at about 1350'C for 4 hours in a cyclic atmosphere of N2 (95% by volume) + H2 (5% by volume).

次に、空気中で1100℃、3時間の熱処理を行った。Next, heat treatment was performed in air at 1100° C. for 3 hours.

こうして得られた第3図に示す焼成体4は出発原料とほ
ぼ同じ組成であった。
The thus obtained fired body 4 shown in FIG. 3 had almost the same composition as the starting material.

次に、上記焼成体4の平面面にAgなどの導電性ペース
トを塗布し、650℃で焼付けることにより電極5,6
を形成した。
Next, a conductive paste such as Ag is applied to the flat surface of the fired body 4 and baked at 650°C to form the electrodes 5 and 6.
was formed.

上記の操作によって得られた素子の特性を以下に示す。The characteristics of the device obtained by the above operations are shown below.

以1余白 ここで、素子のバリスタとしての特性評価は上述した電
圧−電流特性式 %式%) (ただし、■は電流、■は電圧、Cはバリスタ固有の定
数、αは非直線指数)におけるαとcK本って行うこと
が可能である。しかし、Cの正確な測定は困難であるた
め、本発明においては1 mAのバリスタ電流を流した
時の単位厚み当シのバリスタ電圧(以下 1mA/mと
呼ぶ)の値と、α= 17 log (10mA、A1
 mA )(ただし、vl。mAは1omA のバリス
タ電流を流した時のバリスタ電圧、71mAは1mAの
バリスタ電流を流した時のバリスタ電圧)の値にょシバ
リスタとしての特性評価を行っている。
1 margin Here, the characteristics of the device as a varistor are evaluated using the above voltage-current characteristic formula (% formula %) (where ■ is the current, ■ is the voltage, C is a constant unique to the varistor, and α is a nonlinear index). It is possible to perform α and cK times. However, since accurate measurement of C is difficult, in the present invention, the value of the varistor voltage per unit thickness (hereinafter referred to as 1 mA/m) when a varistor current of 1 mA is passed, and α = 17 log (10mA, A1
The characteristics of the varistor are evaluated based on the value of vl.

また、コンデンサとしての特性評価は測定周波数1k)
Izにおける誘電率ε、誘電損失角tanδで行ってい
る。
Also, the characteristic evaluation as a capacitor is at a measurement frequency of 1k)
The dielectric constant ε at Iz and the dielectric loss angle tan δ are used.

以上に述べたように、S ro、 sC&0. I T
 loaとY2O3のみの場合は誘電率は大きいが、ぼ
け小さく tonδも大きいため実用には適さない。
As mentioned above, S ro, sC & 0. I.T.
In the case of only loa and Y2O3, the dielectric constant is large, but the blur is small and the ton δ is large, so it is not suitable for practical use.

しかし、その上にCo2O3とCuOを加えると誘電率
はやや小さくなるが、αが大きくなると共にtanδが
小さくなり、コンデンサとバリスタの特性を同時に持つ
ことになる。この効果はCo2O3とCuOが同時に存
在する時に現われる。
However, if Co2O3 and CuO are added thereto, the dielectric constant becomes slightly smaller, but as α becomes larger, tan δ becomes smaller, so that it has the characteristics of a capacitor and a varistor at the same time. This effect appears when Co2O3 and CuO are present simultaneously.

さらに、Aq2o、A12o3のうち少なくとも1種類
以上を加えることによシ、αをさらに大きくすることが
できる。
Furthermore, by adding at least one of Aq2o and A12o3, α can be further increased.

このような効果があるのは、Y2O3が0.001〜2
.000 mo 1%の範囲であシ、0.001 mo
1%未満では半導体化が促進されず比抵抗が大きくなる
ため、v1mA/ll&が大きくなると共に誘電率が小
さくなる。
This effect occurs when Y2O3 is 0.001 to 2
.. 000 mo 1% range, 0.001 mo
If it is less than 1%, semiconductor formation will not be promoted and the resistivity will increase, so that v1mA/ll& will increase and the dielectric constant will decrease.

また、2.000 mo 1%を超えるとY2O3が粒
子内部に固溶せずに粒界に偏析するため、粒界が効果的
に高抵抗化されないものとなヂ、αが小さくなると共に
誘電率が小さくなる。
In addition, if it exceeds 2.000 mo 1%, Y2O3 will not be solidly dissolved inside the grains but will segregate at the grain boundaries, so the grain boundaries will not be effectively made highly resistive, and as α becomes smaller, the dielectric constant becomes smaller.

また、CO2O3u O−001mo 1%未満では効
果を示さず、2.000 mo 1%を超えると粒界に
偏析し、粒界を低抵抗化するためαが小さくなり、ja
nδが大きくなり実用に適さない。
Furthermore, if CO2O3u O-001mo is less than 1%, it will not show any effect, and if it exceeds 2.000mo or 1%, it will segregate at the grain boundaries, lowering the resistance of the grain boundaries and decreasing α.
nδ becomes large, making it unsuitable for practical use.

また、CuOは0.001 mo1%未満では効果を示
さず、1.000 mo l %を超えるとV1mA/
1ElBが太きくなシ、dは大きくなるが誘電率が小さ
くなるため実用には適さない。
Moreover, CuO shows no effect when it is less than 0.001 mol%, and when it exceeds 1.000 mol%, the V1mA/
If 1ElB is not large, d becomes large, but the dielectric constant becomes small, so it is not suitable for practical use.

また、Aq20.A12o3は0.001 mol %
未満では効果を示さず、3.000 mo 1%を超え
ると71mA2櫨が大きくなり、αは大きくなるが誘電
率が小さくなるだめ実用に適さない。
Also, Aq20. A12o3 is 0.001 mol%
If it is less than 3.000 mo 1%, it will not be effective, and if it exceeds 3.000 mo 1%, 71 mA2 will become large and α will become large, but the dielectric constant will become small, which is not suitable for practical use.

またSrをCaで置換することにより素体自体の持つ誘
電率が大きくなるため、コンデンサ特性の改善に効果が
ある。
Furthermore, by replacing Sr with Ca, the dielectric constant of the element body itself increases, which is effective in improving capacitor characteristics.

実施例ではS ro、 9ca0.1T 103につい
てのみ述べだが、Sr、xCaxTie3のXの範囲が
0.001≦X≦0.300で同様の効果があることを
確認した。
In the example, only S ro, 9ca0.1T 103 was described, but it was confirmed that similar effects were obtained when the range of X of Sr, xCaxTie3 was 0.001≦X≦0.300.

以上述べたように本発明によれば、バリスタとコンデン
サの両方の機能を同時に得ることができる。
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to simultaneously obtain the functions of both a varistor and a capacitor.

第1図に示した従来のフィルタ回路では、第6図に示し
たノイズ入力Aに対して出力状況曲線Cとなシ十分にノ
イズを除去していない。
In the conventional filter circuit shown in FIG. 1, the noise is not sufficiently removed as shown in the output situation curve C for the noise input A shown in FIG.

第2図に示した従来のバリスタを含むノイズフィルタ回
路では、第6図に示したノイズ入力Aに対して出力状況
曲線Bとなシノイズは除去されるが部品点数が多く、比
較的大型でコスト高となる。
In the conventional noise filter circuit including a varistor shown in Fig. 2, the noise is removed as shown in the output situation curve B for the noise input A shown in Fig. 6, but it requires a large number of parts, is relatively large, and is costly. Becomes high.

そこで、本発明による素子を使用して第4図に示すよう
な回路を作ったところ、第6図に示したノイズ入力Aに
対して出力状況曲線Bとなシノイズを十分に除去するこ
とができた。
Therefore, when a circuit as shown in FIG. 4 was made using the element according to the present invention, the noise could be sufficiently removed as shown in the output situation curve B for the noise input A shown in FIG. Ta.

なお、第4図で7は本発明による素子、8はコイルであ
る。
In FIG. 4, 7 is an element according to the present invention, and 8 is a coil.

発明の効果 以上述べたように本発明による磁器組成物を利用した素
子は、従来にないバリスタとコンデンサの複合機能を有
し、しかも従来のノイズフィルタ回路を簡略化し、小形
、高性能、低コスト化に寄与するものてあり、各種電気
機器、電子機器のサージ吸収、ノイズ除去に利用可能で
あり、その実用上の価値は極めて大きい。
Effects of the Invention As described above, the device using the ceramic composition of the present invention has an unprecedented combined function of a varistor and a capacitor, and also simplifies the conventional noise filter circuit, making it compact, high-performance, and low-cost. It can be used for surge absorption and noise removal in various electrical and electronic devices, and its practical value is extremely large.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図、第2図はそれぞれ従来のノイズフィルタ回路を
示す図、第3図は本発明による磁器組成物を用いた素子
の断面図、第4図は第3図の素子を用いたノイズフィル
タ回路を示す図、第5図は従来及び本発明による素子を
用(八たノイズフィルタ回路による入力ノイズと出力状
況を示す特性図である。 代理人の氏名 弁理士中 尾 敏 男 ほか1名第1図 第2図 第3図 第4図 第5図 →肩?R@ tI−1)/、!。
Figures 1 and 2 are diagrams showing conventional noise filter circuits, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an element using the ceramic composition of the present invention, and Figure 4 is a noise filter using the element shown in Figure 3. Figure 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the input noise and output status of noise filter circuits using conventional and inventive elements. Agent's name: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person. 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 → Shoulder?R@tI-1)/,! .

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1) Sr1.cCa、xTiO2(0,001≦X
≦0.300)を95.000〜99.997 mo 
1%と、Y2O3を0.001〜2.000mo1%と
、C02o3を0.001−2.000 mo 1 %
と、CuOを0.001−1.000 no 1%含含
有シカナル電圧依存性非直線抵抗磁器組成物。
(1) Sr1. cCa, xTiO2 (0,001≦X
≦0.300) from 95.000 to 99.997 mo
1%, Y2O3 0.001-2.000 mo1%, C02o3 0.001-2.000 mo1%
and a chikanal voltage dependent nonlinear resistance ceramic composition containing 0.001-1.000 no 1% of CuO.
(2) 5i1−、Ca、Ti03(0,001≦X≦
o、3oo)を92.000〜99.996 mo l
 %と、Y2O3を0.001〜2.000mo1%と
、Co2O3を0001〜2.000 mo l %と
、CuOを0.001−1.000 mol %と、A
q20.Al2O3のうち少なくとも1種類以上を0.
001〜3.000mo1%含有してなる電圧依存性非
直線抵抗体磁器組成物。
(2) 5i1-, Ca, Ti03 (0,001≦X≦
o, 3oo) from 92.000 to 99.996 mol
%, Y2O3 0.001-2.000 mol%, Co2O3 0001-2.000 mol%, CuO 0.001-1.000 mol%, A
q20. At least one type of Al2O3 is added to 0.
A voltage-dependent nonlinear resistor ceramic composition containing 001 to 3.000 mo1%.
JP59111172A 1984-03-30 1984-05-31 Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition Pending JPS60254704A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59111172A JPS60254704A (en) 1984-05-31 1984-05-31 Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
EP85103135A EP0157276B1 (en) 1984-03-30 1985-03-18 Voltage-dependent non-linear resistance ceramic composition
DE8585103135T DE3563610D1 (en) 1984-03-30 1985-03-18 VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT NON-LINEAR RESISTANCE CERAMIC COMPOSITION
US06/930,995 US4781859A (en) 1984-03-30 1986-11-14 Voltage-dependent non-linear resistance ceramic composition

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59111172A JPS60254704A (en) 1984-05-31 1984-05-31 Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60254704A true JPS60254704A (en) 1985-12-16

Family

ID=14554304

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59111172A Pending JPS60254704A (en) 1984-03-30 1984-05-31 Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60254704A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6348802A (en) * 1986-08-19 1988-03-01 松下電器産業株式会社 Porcelain compound for voltage dependent nonlinear resistor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6348802A (en) * 1986-08-19 1988-03-01 松下電器産業株式会社 Porcelain compound for voltage dependent nonlinear resistor

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JPS6088401A (en) Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS60107804A (en) Voltage dependent nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS60107803A (en) Voltage dependent nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS60254704A (en) Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS6042802A (en) Voltage dependent nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS609102A (en) Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS60254703A (en) Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS6146003A (en) Composite function element
JPS6088402A (en) Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPH0551553B2 (en)
JPS607703A (en) Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS60206108A (en) Voltage dependence nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS5878414A (en) Composite function element
JPH04569B2 (en)
JPS6281003A (en) Voltage dependency nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS5878412A (en) Composite function element
JPS59149003A (en) Voltage dependence nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS6281004A (en) Voltage dependency nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS607702A (en) Voltage depending nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS6153159A (en) Voltage depending non-linear resistor ceramic composition
JPS5842220A (en) Composite function element
JPH0425684B2 (en)
JPS59147403A (en) Voltage dependence nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS59147410A (en) Voltage dependence nonlinear resistor porcelain composition
JPS59147406A (en) Voltage dependence nonlinear resistor porcelain composition