JPS60250479A - Face texture indicating system - Google Patents

Face texture indicating system

Info

Publication number
JPS60250479A
JPS60250479A JP10453984A JP10453984A JPS60250479A JP S60250479 A JPS60250479 A JP S60250479A JP 10453984 A JP10453984 A JP 10453984A JP 10453984 A JP10453984 A JP 10453984A JP S60250479 A JPS60250479 A JP S60250479A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
texture
coefficient
material quality
index
coefficients
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP10453984A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0234068B2 (en
Inventor
Toshihisa Aoshima
青島 利久
Tooru Sakaibara
徹 酒井原
Toshinori Kajiura
敏範 梶浦
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to JP10453984A priority Critical patent/JPH0234068B2/en
Publication of JPS60250479A publication Critical patent/JPS60250479A/en
Publication of JPH0234068B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0234068B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T9/00Image coding

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Digital Computer Display Output (AREA)
  • Image Generation (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To attain data compression of texture expression by expressing the texture of a face by the index of a set of material quality coefficients included in the reflection model of light. CONSTITUTION:Each set of table 4 that stores actual material quality coefficient is expressed by 4 words (3 bytes/word) and referred by a material quality coefficient index 3. When the material quality coefficient index is ''1'', a set of material quality coefficient of #1 of the table 4 is referred. RGB component Ka(R), Ka(G), Ka(B) of ambient light reflection coefficient, RGB component Kd(R), Kd (G), Kd(B) of diffusion reflection coefficient, direct reflection coefficient Ks(R), Ks(G), Ks(B) and direct reflection index H are stored in the material quality coefficient table. Thus, by expressing the texture of a face by, for instance, two sets of material quality coefficients, 8 words are enough for the table that stores the material quality coefficient.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の利用分野〕 本発明は、三次元の曲面表示装置において、特に光の反
射モデルを用いた面のテクスチャ(柄)表示に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to displaying surface texture (pattern) using a light reflection model in a three-dimensional curved surface display device.

〔発明の背景〕[Background of the invention]

従来、面のテクスチャを表示する場合は、表示する面の
各画素ごとのカラー・インデックス(色の種類を表す番
号)を指定していた。この方法は、同時に表示する色数
が増えると、各画素ごとに必要なカラー・インデックス
のビット数が増し、データ量が膨大になる欠点があった
。またこの方法では、光源や視点の方向による面上の色
の変化を表示することはできなかった。
Conventionally, when displaying the texture of a surface, a color index (number representing the type of color) was specified for each pixel of the surface to be displayed. This method has the disadvantage that as the number of colors displayed simultaneously increases, the number of color index bits required for each pixel increases, resulting in an enormous amount of data. Furthermore, with this method, it was not possible to display changes in color on the surface depending on the light source or the direction of the viewpoint.

そこで、pHong (Phong : ” Illu
minationfor Computer −Gen
erated Pictures”。
Therefore, pHong (Phong: ”Illu
Mination for Computer-Gen
"Erated Pictures".

Cotrmunications of the AC
M pp、311−317June 1975 )が提
案した光の反射モデルを使って輝度計算を行い、面のテ
クスチャを表示する方式が考えられている。しかし、面
の各画素ごとに、光の反射モデルに含まれるパラメタ(
材質係数)を定義したら、これまた膨大なデータ量にな
る欠点があった。その理由は以下<phongの反射モ
デルの式と、材質係数を列挙し、説明する。
Communication of the AC
A method has been considered in which brightness is calculated using a light reflection model proposed by Mpp, 311-317 June 1975) and the texture of a surface is displayed. However, for each pixel on the surface, the parameters included in the light reflection model (
If we defined the material coefficient, it would also have the disadvantage of requiring a huge amount of data. The reason for this will be explained below by listing the expression of the reflection model of <phong and the material coefficient.

I=1. K、+I、(Kd(N−L)+に、(R−V
)” )ここで、■は、面上の各点の輝度、IAは、周
囲光の強さ、I、は、光源の強さ、Nは、面の法線方向
ベクトル、Lは、光源の方向ベクトル、Bは、鏡面(直
接)反射光の方向ベクトル、■は視点の方向ベクトルで
ある。残シのパラメタが材質係数で、K、は、周囲光反
射係数、Kdは、拡散反射係数、K、は、直接反射係数
、Hは、直接反射指数である。K、、Ka 、に=は、
それぞれ光の波長ごとに異なるため、赤N−L)、緑(
O)。
I=1. K, +I, (Kd(N-L)+, (R-V
)") Here, ■ is the brightness of each point on the surface, IA is the intensity of ambient light, I is the intensity of the light source, N is the normal direction vector of the surface, and L is the intensity of the light source. The direction vector, B, is the direction vector of the specular (direct) reflected light, ■ is the direction vector of the viewpoint.The remaining parameter is the material coefficient, K, is the ambient light reflection coefficient, Kd is the diffuse reflection coefficient, K, is the direct reflection coefficient, and H is the direct reflection index.
Since each wavelength of light is different, red (NL), green (
O).

青(B)の3成分で表現する。反射係数の3成分と、直
接反射指数は、それぞれ少なくとも1バイトを必要とし
、合計10バイ)/inj素のデータ量となシ、面全体
では、データ量が膨大となる問題があった。
Expressed by three components of blue (B). The three components of the reflection coefficient and the direct reflection index each require at least 1 byte, resulting in a total data amount of 10 bytes/inj element, which poses a problem in that the amount of data for the entire surface is enormous.

〔発明の目的〕[Purpose of the invention]

本発明の目的は、光の反射モデルにもとづいて、面のテ
クスチャをリアルに表示することを、コンパクトなデー
タ量で実現する方式を提供することにある。
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for realistically displaying the texture of a surface with a compact amount of data based on a light reflection model.

〔発明の概要〕[Summary of the invention]

面のテクスチャを表現するために、面の各画素ごとに、
光の反射モデルに含まれる材質係数をすべて記憶したら
、面全体では、データ量が膨大になる。適当な近似のも
とでは、面のテクスチャを一定のパターンのくり返しで
表現できる場合が多い。またテクスチャを定義する材質
係数の組合せには、同じものがあり、それらを並置して
記憶することはムダが多い。
In order to express the texture of the surface, for each pixel of the surface,
If all the material coefficients included in the light reflection model were memorized, the amount of data for the entire surface would be enormous. Under appropriate approximations, it is often possible to express the texture of a surface by repeating a certain pattern. Furthermore, some combinations of material coefficients that define textures are the same, and it is wasteful to store them side by side.

そこで、面上にくシ返し配置するテクスチャを表現した
正方形のタイルをいくつか定義する。面のテクスチャは
、配置するタイルの種類を選択することによって指定す
る。1だ前記のタイルの定義は、直接、材質係数の列を
並べるのではなく、材質係数の組を選択する材質係数イ
ンデックスを並べる。そこで必要の材質係数の組を定義
したテーブルは、別に設定し、材質係数インデックスに
よって参照されるようにする。このようにすれば、面上
に同じ材質係数が頻繁に現われる場合には、特にムダの
少ないコンパクトなデータ量で、面のテクスチャ表示が
実現される。
Therefore, we define several square tiles that represent the texture to be placed in a comb pattern on the surface. The surface texture is specified by selecting the type of tile to be placed. 1. The above tile definition does not directly arrange rows of material coefficients, but instead arranges material coefficient indexes that select sets of material coefficients. Therefore, a table defining a set of necessary material coefficients is set separately and referenced by a material coefficient index. In this way, when the same material coefficients appear frequently on a surface, the texture of the surface can be displayed using a compact amount of data with little waste.

〔発明の実施例〕[Embodiments of the invention]

以下、本発明の一実施例を第1図によシ説明する。第1
図の1は、今表示しようとする面である。
An embodiment of the present invention will be explained below with reference to FIG. 1st
1 in the figure is the surface to be displayed now.

面のデータとしては、面のテクスチャの指定以外に面の
座標値や、方向などのデータが定義されているが、ここ
では、テクスチャに関する事項に記述を限定する。2の
ンジスタには、今表示しようとする面のテクスチャ・イ
ンデックスを保持する。
As surface data, data such as surface coordinate values and directions are defined in addition to designation of surface texture, but here, the description will be limited to matters related to texture. The second register holds the texture index of the surface to be displayed now.

テクスチャ・インデックスとは、面にくシ返し配置する
テクスチャを定義したテクスチャ・タイルの種類を選択
する番号である。テクスチャ・タイルの定義は、3のテ
ーブルに記憶される。今レジスタ2の内容が62”のと
きは、テーブル3のす2のテクスチャ・タイル(上から
3番目)が参照されるようになっている。その中味は、
第2図に示す。テクスチャ・タイルの構成は、第3図の
通シで、4X4画素のテクスチャである。このタイルの
構成を8X8,16X16と大きくすれば、よシ広い範
囲のテクスチャを定義することが可能となる。第2図に
示すテクスチャ・タイルの中味は、各画素の材質係数イ
ンデックスの列で、材質係数の組を選択する番号列であ
る。この実施例では、1画素当りのテクスチャの定義は
4ビツトであシ、16通シの材質係数の組を選択できる
。必要によシ、この定義幅を8ビツトにすれば、256
通シの材質係数の組を選択できる。
The texture index is a number for selecting the type of texture tile that defines the texture to be arranged in a pattern on the surface. Texture tile definitions are stored in three tables. Now, when the contents of register 2 are 62'', the texture tile in table 3 (third from the top) is referenced.The contents are as follows.
Shown in Figure 2. The structure of the texture tile is the same as that shown in FIG. 3, and is a 4×4 pixel texture. If the tile configuration is increased to 8×8 or 16×16, it becomes possible to define a wider range of textures. The contents of the texture tile shown in FIG. 2 are a sequence of material coefficient indexes for each pixel, which is a number sequence for selecting a set of material coefficients. In this embodiment, the definition of texture per pixel is 4 bits, and 16 sets of material coefficients can be selected. If necessary, if this definition width is set to 8 bits, it becomes 256 bits.
You can select a set of constant material coefficients.

実際の材質係数を記憶するテーブルは、第1図4であシ
、それぞれの組は4ワード(3バイト/ワード)で表現
され、第1図3の中味の材質係数インデックスによって
参照される。例えば材質係数インデックスが1”のとき
は、4の÷1の材質係数の組が参照される。その材質係
数テーブルの中味は、第4図に示す。そこには周囲光反
射係数のRGB成分に、(R)、に、(G)、に、(B
)、拡散反射係数のt(OB成分Ka(R)、 Kd(
G)。
The table storing the actual material coefficients is shown in FIG. 14, where each set is expressed by 4 words (3 bytes/word) and is referenced by the material coefficient index shown in FIG. 13. For example, when the material coefficient index is 1", a set of material coefficients of 4 divided by 1 is referred to. The contents of the material coefficient table are shown in Figure 4. There, the RGB components of the ambient light reflection coefficient are ,(R),to,(G),to,(B
), diffuse reflection coefficient t(OB component Ka(R), Kd(
G).

xd(n)、直接反射係数に、(R)、 K、(G)。xd(n), direct reflection coefficient, (R), K, (G).

K、(B)、直接反射指数Hが記憶される。第4図の中
で0が記憶されているところは、ワードバウンダリ調整
のため、空きになっているところであるが、光の反射モ
デルの拡張により、必要なパラメタを新たにire憶す
ることも可能である。
K, (B), and the direct reflection index H are stored. In Figure 4, the area where 0 is stored is an empty area for word boundary adjustment, but by expanding the light reflection model, it is also possible to newly store necessary parameters. It is.

このようにして、1つの面のテクスチャが例えば2つの
、拐質係数の組で表わきれたとするならば、材質係数を
記憶するテーブルは、8ワード(24バイト)で済む。
In this way, if the texture of one surface is represented by, for example, two sets of material coefficients, then the table storing the material coefficients will only require 8 words (24 bytes).

もし各画素ごとに材質係数の組をそのまま並べたとすれ
ば、4×4画素のテクスチャ・タイルの範囲たけで、6
4ワード(192バイト)となシ、面全体ではその差は
さらに増大する。
If the set of material coefficients were arranged as is for each pixel, the range of texture tiles of 4 x 4 pixels would be 6
The difference increases even further for the entire area, which is 4 words (192 bytes).

また第2の実施例は、面のテクスチャを、材質係数のイ
ンデックス列で表現し、各インデックス列が、第1図4
の材質係数テーブルを参照する場合である。この場合は
、テクスチャの定義範囲が固定ではなく、自由度が増し
ている。この場合もテクスチャの中味に、同じ材質係数
の組が多くあられれるほど、データの短縮効果が大きい
In addition, in the second embodiment, the surface texture is expressed by an index string of material coefficients, and each index string is
This is the case when referring to the material coefficient table. In this case, the definition range of the texture is not fixed, and the degree of freedom is increased. In this case as well, the more sets of the same material coefficients appear in the texture, the greater the data reduction effect.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

本発明によれば、面のテクスチャを、光の反射モデルに
含まれる材質係数の組のインデックスで表現しているの
で、同じ材質係数の組がテクスチャ内に多く存在するほ
ど、テクスチャの表現のデータ圧縮の効果が大きい。
According to the present invention, the texture of a surface is expressed by the index of a set of material coefficients included in a light reflection model. Great compression effect.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は、本発明の面のテクスチャ表示に使われるレジ
スタ、テーブル関連図、第2図は、第1図3の説明図、
第3図は、テクスチャ・タイルの説明図、第4図に1把
1図4の説明図。 1・・・表示する曲面、2・・・テクスチャ・インデッ
クス・レジスタ、3・・・テクスチャ・テーブル、4・
・・材質係数テーブル、32・・・テクスチャ・チーフ
ルの1エントリ、41・・・材質係数テーブルの1エン
トリ、5・・・テクスチャ・タイルの画素構成。 第 1 口 第 2 口 第 4 日
FIG. 1 is a diagram related to registers and tables used for surface texture display according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of texture tiles, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of one group per FIG. 4. 1... Curved surface to display, 2... Texture index register, 3... Texture table, 4...
...Material coefficient table, 32...1 entry of texture tiles, 41...1 entry of material coefficient table, 5...pixel configuration of texture tile. 1st session 2nd session 4th day

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 面のテクスチャを、光の反射モデルを用いて計算する表
示装置において、反射モデルに含まれる材質係数の組を
選択する材質係数インデックスの列でテクスチャを定義
するテーブルと、前記材質係数インデックスによって参
照される、前記材質係数の組を記憶するテーブルを設け
たことを特徴とする面のテクスチャ表示方式。
A display device that calculates the texture of a surface using a light reflection model includes a table that defines a texture with a column of material coefficient indexes that select a set of material coefficients included in the reflection model, and a table that defines a texture with a column of material coefficient indexes that are referenced by the material coefficient indexes. 1. A surface texture display method comprising: a table for storing a set of material coefficients.
JP10453984A 1984-05-25 1984-05-25 MENNOTEKUSUCHAHYOJIHOSHIKI Expired - Lifetime JPH0234068B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10453984A JPH0234068B2 (en) 1984-05-25 1984-05-25 MENNOTEKUSUCHAHYOJIHOSHIKI

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10453984A JPH0234068B2 (en) 1984-05-25 1984-05-25 MENNOTEKUSUCHAHYOJIHOSHIKI

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60250479A true JPS60250479A (en) 1985-12-11
JPH0234068B2 JPH0234068B2 (en) 1990-08-01

Family

ID=14383295

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP10453984A Expired - Lifetime JPH0234068B2 (en) 1984-05-25 1984-05-25 MENNOTEKUSUCHAHYOJIHOSHIKI

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0234068B2 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63211075A (en) * 1987-02-27 1988-09-01 Hitachi Ltd Display device for brightness conversion of variable density information
JPH03138779A (en) * 1989-10-25 1991-06-13 Daikin Ind Ltd Method and device for texture mapping
JPH05120440A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-05-18 Nec Software Ltd Patch conversion system for pattern of face in three-dimensional cad
WO1994004990A1 (en) * 1992-08-26 1994-03-03 Namco Ltd. Image synthesizer
US6088037A (en) * 1987-02-27 2000-07-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Rendering processor
JP2004005563A (en) * 2003-04-07 2004-01-08 Namco Ltd Image forming system and information storage medium

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63211075A (en) * 1987-02-27 1988-09-01 Hitachi Ltd Display device for brightness conversion of variable density information
US6088037A (en) * 1987-02-27 2000-07-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Rendering processor
JPH03138779A (en) * 1989-10-25 1991-06-13 Daikin Ind Ltd Method and device for texture mapping
JPH05120440A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-05-18 Nec Software Ltd Patch conversion system for pattern of face in three-dimensional cad
US5561746A (en) * 1992-08-26 1996-10-01 Namco Ltd. Image synthesizing system with surface data perspective transformation
GB2275402A (en) * 1992-08-26 1994-08-24 Namco Ltd Image synthesizer
GB2275403A (en) * 1992-08-26 1994-08-24 Namco Ltd Image synthesizer
US5553208A (en) * 1992-08-26 1996-09-03 Namco Ltd. Image synthesizing system having a field buffer unit that stores texture coordinates
WO1994004989A1 (en) * 1992-08-26 1994-03-03 Namco Ltd. Image synthesizer
GB2275403B (en) * 1992-08-26 1996-11-27 Namco Ltd Image synthesizing system
GB2275402B (en) * 1992-08-26 1996-11-27 Namco Ltd Image synthesizing system
US5615322A (en) * 1992-08-26 1997-03-25 Namco Ltd. Image synthesizing system for producing three-dimensional images
US5621867A (en) * 1992-08-26 1997-04-15 Namco Ltd. Image synthesizing system
US5870101A (en) * 1992-08-26 1999-02-09 Namco Ltd. Image synthesizing system with texture mapping
WO1994004990A1 (en) * 1992-08-26 1994-03-03 Namco Ltd. Image synthesizer
US6333747B1 (en) 1992-08-26 2001-12-25 Namco Ltd. Image synthesizing system with texture mapping
JP2004005563A (en) * 2003-04-07 2004-01-08 Namco Ltd Image forming system and information storage medium

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Publication number Publication date
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