JPS6022726B2 - displacement detector - Google Patents
displacement detectorInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6022726B2 JPS6022726B2 JP7116378A JP7116378A JPS6022726B2 JP S6022726 B2 JPS6022726 B2 JP S6022726B2 JP 7116378 A JP7116378 A JP 7116378A JP 7116378 A JP7116378 A JP 7116378A JP S6022726 B2 JPS6022726 B2 JP S6022726B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- magnetoresistive element
- magnet
- frame
- displacement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
- G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、物体のなどの変位を検出する変位検出器に関
する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a displacement detector for detecting displacement of an object.
従来、変位を検出する手段としては、直線変位の検出に
あっては、被変位測定物の端部に磁性体を固着し、該磁
性体が遊費する環状の差動トランスなどで前記磁性体の
直線運動により交流電圧を発生させるなどのものがある
。Conventionally, as a means for detecting displacement, when detecting linear displacement, a magnetic material is fixed to the end of the object to be displaced, and a ring-shaped differential transformer or the like in which the magnetic material is used is used to transform the magnetic material. There is a method that generates an alternating current voltage by the linear motion of the motor.
しかし、かかる従来の検出手段では、コイルを使用する
ので、温度変化に対する補償のための特段の注意が必要
となり、さらに、検出器がコイルから構成されているの
で必然的に作動時定数を有し、作動遅れを持つ傾向にな
るなどの欠点を有してし、た。However, since such conventional detection means use a coil, special care must be taken to compensate for temperature changes, and furthermore, since the detector consists of a coil, it necessarily has an operating time constant. However, it has disadvantages such as a tendency to have a delay in operation.
本発明は、上記従来の欠点に鑑み、磁石の変位により、
磁気抵抗素子を包含する磁気回路と、磁気抵抗素子を包
含しない磁気回路とが、選択的に形成されることを特徴
とする、温度補償の必要がなく、かつ小型軽量の変位検
出器を提供するものである。In view of the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, the present invention provides, by displacement of a magnet,
To provide a small and lightweight displacement detector that does not require temperature compensation and is characterized in that a magnetic circuit including a magnetoresistive element and a magnetic circuit not including a magnetoresistive element are selectively formed. It is something.
以下、本発明を図面により詳細に説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.
第１図には本発明の第１の構成が示され、枠体１は鉄心
となる２個のコ字状の磁性体ｌａおよびｌｂと、該２個
の磁性体ｌａ，ｌｂの開放端の対向部に挟持された非磁
性体２とから成っていて、該非磁性体２はベークライト
などの樹脂材料から成り磁性体ｌａおよびｌｂとは接着
剤で固着してもよいが、枠体１の補強を兼ねて、磁性体
ｌａとｌｂを銀ロー付とすれば、この銀ローが非磁性体
２となる。上記の枠体１内には該枠体１内を矢印の方向
に摺動可能な磁石３が収納されている。該磁石３はそれ
ぞれの非磁性体２，２に対向する面、すなわち磁石３自
身が枠体１内で沼動する面５および６に磁極Ｎ，Ｓが発
生するように着磁されている。さらに該磁石３には、図
示しない被変位測定物と係合するロッド７が係止してい
る。該ロッド７は図面では磁性体ｌｂを貫通するごとく
構成されているが、磁石３に対し図面の表裏方向に係止
させると、磁性体ｌｂに貫通孔を設ける必要がない。一
方、磁性体ｌａには、そのほゞ中央部に磁気抵抗素子８
の一方の磁気抵抗８ａが、また前記磁気抵抗８ａの近傍
で、磁性体ｌａの枠体１の外側に他方の磁気抵抗８ｂが
園設されている。FIG. 1 shows a first configuration of the present invention, in which a frame 1 includes two U-shaped magnetic bodies la and lb that serve as iron cores, and open ends of the two magnetic bodies la and lb. The non-magnetic body 2 is made of a resin material such as Bakelite, and may be fixed to the magnetic bodies la and lb with an adhesive, but the frame body 1 is reinforced. If the magnetic bodies la and lb are soldered with silver, this silver solder becomes the non-magnetic body 2. A magnet 3 is housed within the frame 1 and is slidable within the frame 1 in the direction of the arrow. The magnet 3 is magnetized so that magnetic poles N and S are generated on the surfaces 5 and 6 where the magnet 3 itself moves within the frame 1, ie, on the surfaces 5 and 6 facing the respective non-magnetic materials 2, 2. Furthermore, a rod 7 that engages with a displacement measurement object (not shown) is locked to the magnet 3. Although the rod 7 is configured to pass through the magnetic body lb in the drawing, if it is locked to the magnet 3 in the front and back directions of the drawing, there is no need to provide a through hole in the magnetic body lb. On the other hand, the magnetic body la has a magnetoresistive element 8 almost at its center.
One of the magnetic resistances 8a is provided, and the other magnetic resistance 8b is provided outside the frame 1 of the magnetic body la in the vicinity of the magnetic resistance 8a.
この磁気抵抗素子８は「磁界を加えることによってその
抵抗値が変化する磁気抵抗効果を利用した半導体素子で
、印加される磁界の磁束密度Ｂが大きくなる程その抵抗
値Ｒは大きくなる。This magnetoresistive element 8 is a semiconductor element that utilizes the magnetoresistive effect in which the resistance value changes by applying a magnetic field, and the resistance value R increases as the magnetic flux density B of the applied magnetic field increases.
このように、それぞれの磁気抵抗８ａ，８ｂは磁気回路
が形成された時に、一方の磁気抵抗８８は磁気回路内、
他方の磁気抵抗８ｂは磁気回路外に置かれるのであるが
、該磁気抵抗８ａ，Ｓｂは直列に接続され、その端子Ａ
，Ｂ，Ｃは第２図のように接続される。In this way, when the magnetic circuit is formed, one of the magnetic resistors 8a and 8b is connected to the magnetic resistor 88 in the magnetic circuit.
The other magnetic resistor 8b is placed outside the magnetic circuit, but the magnetic resistors 8a and Sb are connected in series, and their terminal A
, B, and C are connected as shown in FIG.
第２図は、磁石３の変位による磁気抵抗素子８の抵抗変
化を電圧に変換するブリッジ回路で、差動増幅器９の正
入力端子には、前記磁気抵抗素子８の端子Ｂが入力され
、該磁気抵抗素子８の端子Ａは正導線に、端子Ｃは負導
線に接続されている。FIG. 2 shows a bridge circuit that converts the change in resistance of the magnetoresistive element 8 caused by the displacement of the magnet 3 into a voltage. Terminal B of the magnetoresistive element 8 is input to the positive input terminal of the differential amplifier 9, and the Terminal A of the magnetoresistive element 8 is connected to a positive conducting wire, and terminal C is connected to a negative conducting wire.
さらに差動増幅器９の負入力端子には同一の抵抗値を有
する抵抗１０，１１が接続され、該抵抗１０，１１はそ
れぞれ正導線、負導線に接続されている。以上のような
構成の作動について説明すると「磁石３が第１図のよう
に、枠体１内で磁性体ｌｂ側に位置している状態では、
磁石３による磁気回路は破線のごとく磁性体ｌｂ内にの
み形成され、非磁性体２のために磁性体ｌａ内には磁気
回路は殆んど形成されない。Furthermore, resistors 10 and 11 having the same resistance value are connected to the negative input terminal of the differential amplifier 9, and the resistors 10 and 11 are connected to a positive conductor and a negative conductor, respectively. To explain the operation of the above configuration, ``When the magnet 3 is located on the magnetic body lb side within the frame 1 as shown in FIG.
A magnetic circuit by the magnet 3 is formed only in the magnetic body lb as shown by the broken line, and because of the non-magnetic body 2, almost no magnetic circuit is formed in the magnetic body la.
このときの第２図におけるブリッジ回路の出力Ｖｏは、
磁気抵抗８ａ，８ｂが殆んど同一の抵抗値を有している
ので、差動増幅器９の正、負両入力がほゞ同一電圧とな
るため殆んと零である。しかし、図示しない被変位測定
物の変位によりロッド７を介して磁石３が徐々に図面の
左方向へ変位し、最終的に第３図に示すごとく磁性体ｌ
ａ側に位置すると、磁石３による磁気回路は磁性体ｌａ
側に形成される。At this time, the output Vo of the bridge circuit in FIG. 2 is:
Since the magnetic resistors 8a and 8b have almost the same resistance value, both the positive and negative inputs of the differential amplifier 9 have approximately the same voltage, which is almost zero. However, due to the displacement of the object to be displaced (not shown), the magnet 3 is gradually displaced to the left in the drawing via the rod 7, and finally, as shown in FIG.
When located on the a side, the magnetic circuit formed by the magnet 3 is connected to the magnetic body la
Formed on the side.
すると磁気抵抗８ａに印加される磁束密度が最大となる
ので、該磁気抵抗８ａの抵抗値も最大となる。したがっ
て、第２図における端子Ｂ，Ｃ間の電圧降下量は小とな
り、差動増幅器９の正入力端子電圧は負入力端子電圧よ
りも大となり、その出力Ｖｏもまた大となる。Then, since the magnetic flux density applied to the magnetic resistance 8a becomes maximum, the resistance value of the magnetic resistance 8a also becomes maximum. Therefore, the amount of voltage drop between terminals B and C in FIG. 2 becomes small, the positive input terminal voltage of differential amplifier 9 becomes larger than the negative input terminal voltage, and its output Vo also becomes larger.
もちろん磁石３が非磁性体２，２間を横断して磁性体亀
ｂ側から磁性体ｌａ側に変位するに従って前記差動増幅
器９の出力Ｖｏは徐々に大となるが、この磁石３の変位
ストロークＳに対する出力Ｖｏの関係は第４図に示すご
とく、磁石３の左端が第３図のＳ，の位置からＳ２の位
置に変化するまでは直線的に変化し、それ以降は変化し
ない。この磁石３の変位ストロークＳに対する出力電圧
Ｖｏの変化量は「 本発明者等の実験によれば、前記ブ
リッジ回路を第２図の差動増幅器９を使用したものによ
らず、第５図のごとく磁気抵抗素子８と抵抗１０蔓 １
１のみの直接的なブリッジ回路を使用した場合であって
も、磁石３が、摺動面の直径１仇舷、高さ１仇吻の円柱
で、電源電圧１０Ｖのときに、有効ストローク（すなわ
ちＳ，〜Ｓ２）が７雌、出力電圧（すなわち第４図のＶ
ｏ，〜Ｖｏ２）が１〜５Ｖが得られた。つまり、本発明
の第一の構成にあっては、以上のように磁石３の小さな
変位量で、比較的大きな出力を得られるのであるが、着
磁力同一、肴磁面の断面積小、Ｎ，Ｓ極間の距離大とす
れば、磁石の有するエネルギーは同一なので、より小さ
な変位層で同一の出力電圧を得ることができるほか、磁
石の変位量を同一として出力電圧を大とすることも、変
位量を大として同一の出力電圧を得ることも可能である
。Of course, as the magnet 3 crosses between the non-magnetic materials 2 and 2 and is displaced from the magnetic material tome b side to the magnetic material la side, the output Vo of the differential amplifier 9 gradually increases. As shown in FIG. 4, the relationship between the output Vo and the stroke S changes linearly until the left end of the magnet 3 changes from the position S in FIG. 3 to the position S2, and does not change thereafter. The amount of change in the output voltage Vo with respect to the displacement stroke S of the magnet 3 is ``According to experiments by the present inventors, regardless of whether the bridge circuit uses the differential amplifier 9 shown in FIG. Magnetoresistive element 8 and resistor 10 strands 1
Even if a direct bridge circuit with only 1 is used, the effective stroke (i.e. S, ~S2) is 7 female, output voltage (i.e. V in Fig. 4)
o, ~Vo2) of 1 to 5V was obtained. In other words, in the first configuration of the present invention, a relatively large output can be obtained with a small displacement amount of the magnet 3 as described above, but the magnetizing force is the same, the cross-sectional area of the magnetic surface is small, and the N , If the distance between the S and S poles is large, the energy possessed by the magnet is the same, so it is possible to obtain the same output voltage with a smaller displacement layer, and it is also possible to increase the output voltage with the same amount of displacement of the magnet. , it is also possible to obtain the same output voltage by increasing the amount of displacement.
なお、発明者等の実験では円柱状の磁石を使用したこと
は前述のとおりであるが、磁石の形状を方形などとして
も同様の特性が得られることは明らかである。As mentioned above, the inventors used a cylindrical magnet in their experiments, but it is clear that the same characteristics can be obtained even if the magnet has a rectangular shape or the like.
さらに前記の説明では、磁気抵抗素子８を、磁気抵抗８
ａと８ｂとが分割されたもので説明したが、１個の基板
に２個の磁気抵抗８ａ，８ｂが配された磁気抵抗素子８
を用いて、その一方の磁気抵抗８ａのみを磁性体ｌａに
埋設するようにしてもよい。Furthermore, in the above description, the magnetoresistive element 8 is referred to as the magnetoresistive element 8.
The magnetoresistive element 8 has been described with two magnetoresistive elements 8a and 8b arranged on one substrate.
Alternatively, only one of the magnetic resistances 8a may be buried in the magnetic body la.
なお、磁性体枠ｌａに対する磁気抵抗８ａの固穀は、磁
気抵抗８ａの厚みに相当する空隙を磁性体枠ｌａに設け
、この空隙に磁気抵抗８ａを挿着するのであるが、磁気
抵抗８ａの断面積と磁性体枠ｌａの断面積を比較して、
磁性体枠ｌａが大の場合そのままでもよいが、該磁性体
枠ｌａを成形して磁気抵抗８ａの断面積と同一にすれば
漏洩磁束もなく、全ての磁束が有効に磁気抵抗８ａに印
加される。Incidentally, the solid grain of the magnetic resistance 8a to the magnetic frame la is obtained by providing a gap in the magnetic frame la corresponding to the thickness of the magnetic resistance 8a, and inserting the magnetic resistance 8a into this gap. Comparing the cross-sectional area and the cross-sectional area of the magnetic frame la,
If the magnetic frame la is large, it may be left as is, but if the magnetic frame la is molded to have the same cross-sectional area as the magnetic resistance 8a, there will be no magnetic flux leakage and all the magnetic flux will be effectively applied to the magnetic resistance 8a. Ru.
本発明は上述のように、磁石の変位により、磁気抵抗素
子を包含する磁気回路と、磁気抵抗素子を包含しない磁
気回路とが、選択的に形成されるようにしたので、従来
のコイル使用の変位検出器と異り、小型、軽量にするこ
とが可能であり、発電素子でなく、磁気抵抗素子の磁束
の変化による抵抗変化を利用し、さらに２個の磁気抵抗
を近接させて、かつその一方を磁気回路内に、他方を磁
気回路外に設置したので、温度変化に対する補償が不要
となり、加えて磁石の形成を変化させることにより変位
範囲を任意に選択できる等の極めて優れた効果を有する
。As described above, the present invention selectively forms a magnetic circuit that includes a magnetoresistive element and a magnetic circuit that does not include a magnetoresistive element by displacing the magnet. Unlike a displacement detector, it can be made smaller and lighter, and it utilizes resistance changes due to changes in magnetic flux of a magnetoresistive element rather than a power generating element, and furthermore, it can be made by placing two magnetoresistive elements close together and Because one side is installed inside the magnetic circuit and the other outside the magnetic circuit, compensation for temperature changes is not required, and in addition, by changing the formation of the magnet, the displacement range can be arbitrarily selected, which has extremely excellent effects. .
第１図、第３図は本発明の第１の構成を示す概略断面図
、第２図、第５図は磁気抵抗素子の抵抗変化を電圧変化
に変換するブリッジ回路図、第４図は第１図における構
成の変位−出力電圧特性図。
１：磁性体枠、ｌａ，ｌｂ：磁性体、２：非磁性体、３
：磁石、８：磁気抵抗素子、８ａ，８ｂ：磁気抵抗。
が】図
才２図
が３図
ガム図
オ５図1 and 3 are schematic sectional views showing the first configuration of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 5 are bridge circuit diagrams that convert resistance changes of a magnetoresistive element into voltage changes, and FIG. FIG. 1 is a displacement-output voltage characteristic diagram of the configuration shown in FIG. 1: Magnetic frame, la, lb: Magnetic material, 2: Non-magnetic material, 3
: Magnet, 8: Magnetoresistive element, 8a, 8b: Magnetoresistive. ] Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure Gum, Figure O, Figure 5.
Claims (1)
せ、非磁性体を介在させて当着して枠体となし、前記枠
体内に、前記非磁性体に対向するごとく着磁した磁石を
前記非磁性体の間を横断可能で、かつ摺動自在に内装し
、前記磁性体の一方に磁気抵抗素子を配設し、磁石の変
位により、磁気抵抗素子を包含する磁気回路と、磁気抵
抗素子を包含しない磁気回路とが、選択的に形成される
ことを特徴とする変位検出器。 ２ 磁気抵抗素子を２個使用して、一方を前記磁性体の
枠体内に、他方を磁性体の枠体外に配設してなる特許請
求の範囲第１項記載の変位検出器。[Claims] 1. Two U-shaped magnetic bodies are placed with their open ends facing each other and brought into contact with each other with a non-magnetic body interposed between them to form a frame, and within the frame, the non-magnetic body is Magnets magnetized so as to face each other are installed so that they can cross between the non-magnetic materials and can freely slide, and a magnetoresistive element is disposed on one side of the magnetic material, and the magnetoresistive element is activated by displacement of the magnet. A displacement detector characterized in that a magnetic circuit that includes a magnetoresistive element and a magnetic circuit that does not include a magnetoresistive element are selectively formed. 2. The displacement detector according to claim 1, wherein two magnetoresistive elements are used, one of which is disposed inside the magnetic frame and the other outside of the magnetic frame.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7116378A JPS6022726B2 (en) | 1978-06-13 | 1978-06-13 | displacement detector |
| DE19792923644 DE2923644C2 (en) | 1978-06-13 | 1979-06-11 | Transmitter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7116378A JPS6022726B2 (en) | 1978-06-13 | 1978-06-13 | displacement detector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS54162555A JPS54162555A (en) | 1979-12-24 |
| JPS6022726B2 true JPS6022726B2 (en) | 1985-06-04 |
Family
ID=13452686
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7116378A Expired JPS6022726B2 (en) | 1978-06-13 | 1978-06-13 | displacement detector |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6022726B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2923644C2 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57153215A (en) * | 1981-03-18 | 1982-09-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Magnetic sensor |
| DE3227245A1 (en) * | 1982-07-21 | 1984-01-26 | Mannesmann Rexroth GmbH, 8770 Lohr | Displacement sensor |
| FR2670286B1 (en) * | 1990-12-05 | 1993-03-26 | Moving Magnet Tech | MAGNETIC POSITION AND SPEED SENSOR WITH HALL PROBE. |
| FR2691534B1 (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1994-08-26 | Moving Magnet Tech | Permanent magnet position sensor and hall sensor. |
| DE19634281C2 (en) | 1996-08-24 | 2000-01-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Measuring device for contactless detection of an angle of rotation or a linear movement |
| DE19914600A1 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2000-10-05 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Synchronization method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radio receivers by inserting symbol sequence in data stream |
| DE19917466C1 (en) * | 1999-04-17 | 2000-08-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Displacement measuring device e.g. for valve needle of i.c. engine fuel injection jet, uses magnetic field sensitive element cooperating with relatively displaced flux conductor |
| DE19917465A1 (en) | 1999-04-17 | 2000-11-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Measuring device |
| DE19917464A1 (en) * | 1999-04-17 | 2000-11-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Position measuring device |
| DE19941942C2 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-11-22 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Actuator |
| FR2829573B1 (en) | 2001-09-11 | 2004-01-16 | Siemens Automotive Sa | MAGNETIC SENSOR OF THE POSITION OF A MOBILE ON A PATH TRACKED BY THE MOBILE |
| JP4718326B2 (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2011-07-06 | 株式会社ミクニ | Non-contact position sensor |
| DE102006040667B3 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-01-10 | Siemens Ag | Waste gate actuator, for an exhaust turbocharger, has a sensor to register the rotary speed of a turbocharger component through variations in a magnetic field |
| JP2011505574A (en) | 2007-12-03 | 2011-02-24 | シーティーエス・コーポレーション | Linear position sensor |
| US8400142B2 (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2013-03-19 | Cts Corporation | Linear position sensor with anti-rotation device |
| CN102753942B (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2016-01-20 | Cts公司 | Actuator and sensor module |
| US9435630B2 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2016-09-06 | Cts Corporation | Actuator and linear position sensor assembly |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1244449B (en) * | 1966-01-24 | 1967-07-13 | Siemens Ag | Rotating, pot magnet-like arrangement for controlling magnetic field-dependent switching elements |
| DE1665618B2 (en) * | 1966-04-27 | 1973-07-12 | RESISTANCE ARRANGEMENT WORKING WITHOUT MOVING CONTACTS | |
| DE1665667C3 (en) * | 1966-06-30 | 1973-10-31 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin U. 8000 Muenchen | Adjustable resistance arrangement without moving contacts |
-
1978
- 1978-06-13 JP JP7116378A patent/JPS6022726B2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-06-11 DE DE19792923644 patent/DE2923644C2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2923644C2 (en) | 1981-12-24 |
| DE2923644A1 (en) | 1979-12-20 |
| JPS54162555A (en) | 1979-12-24 |
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