JPS60217703A - Circulary polarized wave antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a circularly polarized wave antenna changing easily the rotating direction of a polarized wave by arranging four radiating elements in a cross form and feeding power to the elements placed orthogonally with a phase difference of 90 deg. with the variable degree of coupling. CONSTITUTION:The 1/4 wavelength radiating elements 101-104 are arranged in a cross form on the upper face of the dielectric board 200 and the radiating elements 101, 102 orthogonal mutually are fed by a microstrip line 400. The coupling of the feeding points C, D is varied by adjusting a screw 600 as shown in sectional view and the interval of the coupling points is selected to 1/4 wavelength. The polarized wave is rotated right or left depending on the feeding from the point E or the point F by using the said screw 600 to adjust the degree of coupling.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 （技術分野） この発明は、円偏波の電磁波の送受信に使用するアンテ
ナに関する。Detailed Description of the Invention (Technical Field) The present invention relates to an antenna used for transmitting and receiving circularly polarized electromagnetic waves.

（従来技術） 従来のこの種のアンテナを第１図に斜視図で示す。この
円偏波アンテナは、長さがそれぞれほぼ１／４波長であ
る放射素子１および１′と、これらと直交する放射素子
２および２′と、給電用の同軸線路からなる。給電用同
軸線路は外導体３及び内導体４からなる。外導体３には
スリット６が形成してあ）、外導体３は先端部で２つに
分割しである。内導体４の先端５は放射素子の近傍で外
導体３に接続されている。第２図は第１図の円偏波アン
テナの放射素子部の上面図である。本図の接続では右旋
円偏波の送信受信ができる。しかし、左旋円偏波の送受
信をするには、スリット６と同軸線路の内導体４の先端
５との相対位置関係を変更し、第３図に上面図で示す如
き構成にする必要がある。(Prior Art) A conventional antenna of this type is shown in a perspective view in FIG. This circularly polarized antenna consists of radiating elements 1 and 1' each having a length of approximately 1/4 wavelength, radiating elements 2 and 2' perpendicular to these elements, and a coaxial line for power feeding. The power feeding coaxial line consists of an outer conductor 3 and an inner conductor 4. A slit 6 is formed in the outer conductor 3), and the outer conductor 3 is divided into two at the tip. A tip 5 of the inner conductor 4 is connected to the outer conductor 3 near the radiating element. 2 is a top view of the radiating element portion of the circularly polarized antenna of FIG. 1. FIG. The connection shown in this figure allows transmission and reception of right-handed circularly polarized waves. However, in order to transmit and receive left-handed circularly polarized waves, it is necessary to change the relative positional relationship between the slit 6 and the tip 5 of the inner conductor 4 of the coaxial line to create a configuration as shown in the top view in FIG.

第４図は従来のこの種のアンテナの他の例の斜視図であ
る。この円偏波アンテナは、正方形の薄板状の放射素子
１０と誘電体２０．地導体（接地板）３０および給電用
導体４０および４０′から成り、図示されていない給電
部よシ等電力の電磁エネルギーが放射素子１０の給電点
ＢおよびＢ′で互いに９０″の位相差となるよう給電用
導体４０および４０′を介して給電される。FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another example of a conventional antenna of this type. This circularly polarized antenna includes a square thin plate-shaped radiating element 10, a dielectric material 20. Consisting of a ground conductor (ground plate) 30 and power supply conductors 40 and 40', electromagnetic energy of equal power is transmitted from the power supply part (not shown) to the power supply points B and B' of the radiating element 10 with a phase difference of 90'' from each other. Power is supplied through the power supply conductors 40 and 40' so that

その他に従来のこの穐のアンテナとして、円偏波発生器
と円錐ホーンによシ構成されるものが知られている。In addition, as a conventional antenna of this kind, there is one which is composed of a circularly polarized wave generator and a conical horn.

これらの従来のアンテナに於て所望の旋回特性をもり円
偏波の電磁波を任意に選択して送出あるいは受信するこ
とは、不可能であるか、構成の複雑化をもたらした。第
１図の例では、偏波の旋回方向に応じて形状を変更する
必要がある。また、第４図のものでは給電部（図に示し
てない）に互いに適当な位相差をもった等電力の電磁エ
ネルギーに分割する回路が必要であシ、円錐ホーン式の
アンテナでは右或いは左旋回の円偏波を発生する円偏波
発生器を必要とする。このように、従来のアンテナには
、偏波の旋回方向を切替えることは不可能か又は構成が
複雑になる欠点があった。In these conventional antennas, it is either impossible to arbitrarily select and transmit or receive circularly polarized electromagnetic waves with desired turning characteristics, or the configuration becomes complicated. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the shape needs to be changed depending on the direction of rotation of polarized waves. In addition, the antenna in Figure 4 requires a circuit in the feed section (not shown) that divides the electromagnetic energy into equal-power electromagnetic energy with an appropriate phase difference. It requires a circularly polarized wave generator that generates circularly polarized waves. As described above, conventional antennas have the disadvantage that it is impossible to switch the direction of rotation of polarized waves or that the configuration is complicated.

（発明の目的） 本発明の目的は、偏波の旋回方向が容易に変更できる円
偏波アンテナの提供にある。(Object of the Invention) An object of the present invention is to provide a circularly polarized antenna in which the direction of rotation of polarized waves can be easily changed.

（発明の構成） 本発明による円偏波アンテナの構成は、第１の誘電体板
の第１及び第２の広幅面に接地板及びストリップ導体を
それぞれ固着してなるマイクロストリップラインと、前
記第１の誘電体板との間で前記ス）　ＩＪツブ導体を挾
持する第２の誘電体板と、前記ストリップ導体との間で
この第２の誘電体板を挾む形にこの第２の誘電体の広幅
面に固着してあ・る十字形の放射素子と、前記ストリッ
プ導体と前記放射素子との間の電磁結合の度合を調整す
る第１及び第２の結合ねじとが備えてあシ、前記放射素
子は電気長で放射電波のほぼ１／４の長さの４つの短冊
形導体を十字形に配置してなシ、前記第１及び第２の結
合ねじは互いに直焚する２つの前記短冊形導体に前記ス
）９ツブ導体をそれぞれ電磁結合し、前記第１及び第２
の結合ねじの間隔は電気長でほぼ前記波長の４分の１で
あることを特徴とする。(Structure of the Invention) The structure of the circularly polarized antenna according to the present invention includes a microstrip line formed by fixing a ground plate and a strip conductor to the first and second wide surfaces of the first dielectric plate, respectively; This second dielectric plate is sandwiched between the first dielectric plate and the strip conductor, and the second dielectric plate that sandwiches the IJ tube conductor, and the strip conductor. A cross-shaped radiating element fixed to a wide surface of the body, and first and second coupling screws for adjusting the degree of electromagnetic coupling between the strip conductor and the radiating element. , the radiating element has four rectangular conductors each having an electrical length of approximately 1/4 of the length of the radiated radio wave arranged in a cross shape, and the first and second coupling screws have two conductors that are directly fired with each other The nine tab conductors are electromagnetically coupled to the strip conductor, and the first and second conductors are electromagnetically coupled to the rectangular conductor.
The distance between the connecting screws is approximately one-fourth of the wavelength in terms of electrical length.

（実施例） 次に実施例を挙げ本発明の詳細な説明する。(Example) Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples.

第５図は本発明の一実施例の斜視図である。FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

１０１〜１０４は十字形に配置した長さが電気長でほぼ
１７４波長である板状の導体であシ、これら４つの導体
で十字形の放射素子をなす。２００および２１０は誘電
体板、３００は地導体（接地板入４００は給電用のスト
リップ導体である。ストリップ導体４００と地導体３０
０および誘電体２１０でマイクロストリップラインを構
成する。第６図は、第５図の０点を通シ導体１０１の長
手軸に垂直な面における、第５図のＡ方向からみた点Ｃ
附近の部分断面図である。ねじ６００は、ストリップ導
体４００に電気的に接続された導体製であシ、地導体３
００および誘電体２１０が断面円形に切欠かれた部分に
図示のように取付けである。このねじ６００を回転させ
て、Ｘ方向に前進又は後退させ、導体１０１とネジ６０
０の先端との間隙を調節することによシ、ストリップ導
体４００と導体１０１との電磁結合の度合を調整する。Numerals 101 to 104 are plate-shaped conductors arranged in a cross shape and each having an electrical length of approximately 174 wavelengths, and these four conductors form a cross-shaped radiating element. 200 and 210 are dielectric plates; 300 is a ground conductor (400 with a ground plate is a strip conductor for power feeding; the strip conductor 400 and the ground conductor 30
0 and the dielectric 210 constitute a microstrip line. 6 is a point C seen from direction A in FIG. 5 on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the conductor 101 through the 0 point in FIG.
It is a partial sectional view of the vicinity. The screw 600 is made of a conductor electrically connected to the strip conductor 400 and is connected to the ground conductor 3.
00 and the dielectric 210 are attached to the notched portion having a circular cross section as shown in the figure. Rotate this screw 600 to move it forward or backward in the X direction, and connect the conductor 101 with the screw 60.
By adjusting the gap between the strip conductor 400 and the tip of the conductor 101, the degree of electromagnetic coupling between the strip conductor 400 and the conductor 101 is adjusted.

同様な結合用のねじ６０１が第５図のＤ点の下方にも設
けてあシ、ねじ６０１の回転によシ、ストリップ導体４
００と導体１０２との電磁結合の度合が調整できる。ス
トリップ導体４００の一端Ｅには図示されていない整合
終端が接続される。またストリップ導体４００の他端Ｆ
には図示されていない結電線が接続され、この給電線は
受信機又は送信機に接続される。結合用のネジ６００と
６０１との中心から中心までの距離は電気的に使用波長
の１／４に選定しである。A similar coupling screw 601 is also provided below point D in FIG.
The degree of electromagnetic coupling between 00 and conductor 102 can be adjusted. A matching termination (not shown) is connected to one end E of the strip conductor 400. Also, the other end F of the strip conductor 400
A power connection line (not shown) is connected to the power supply line, and this power supply line is connected to a receiver or a transmitter. The distance between the centers of the coupling screws 600 and 601 is selected to be 1/4 of the electrically used wavelength.

・第５図のＦ点側から電磁エネルギーを供給し、Ｄ点で
導体１０２に対し電磁エネルギーの１７２を結合させ、
残シのエネルギーを０点で導体１０１に全結合させれば
、第５図の２方向へ左旋円偏波を放射させることができ
る。一方、ストリップ導体４００のＥ側から電磁エネル
ギーを供給し、０点で結合ネジ６００を調節し、電磁エ
ネルギーの１７２を導体１０１に結合させ、残シのエネ
ルギーをＤ点で導体１０２に結合させるように結合ネジ
６０１を調節すれば、２方向に右旋円偏波を放射させる
ことができる。・Electromagnetic energy is supplied from the F point side in Figure 5, and 172 of the electromagnetic energy is coupled to the conductor 102 at D point,
If the remaining energy is fully coupled to the conductor 101 at the zero point, left-handed circularly polarized waves can be radiated in the two directions shown in FIG. On the other hand, electromagnetic energy is supplied from the E side of the strip conductor 400, and the coupling screw 600 is adjusted at the 0 point to couple 172 of the electromagnetic energy to the conductor 101, and the remaining energy is coupled to the conductor 102 at the D point. By adjusting the coupling screw 601, right-handed circularly polarized waves can be emitted in two directions.

第７図は本発明の他の実施例を示す模式図であって、第
５図で示した誘電体２００，２１０、地導体３００およ
び結合用ネジ６００，６０１は図示が省略しである。本
実施例は３組の放射素子１１１〜１１３を平面状に配置
した例である。各放射素子は、十字形であシ、第５図の
放射素子と同じく９０°間隔で配置した１７４波長の導
体１０１〜１０４からなる。ストリップ導体４００と各
放射素子との結合はそれぞれＣＩ、　ＤＩ、、　Ｃ２，
Ｄ２及びＣ３，Ｄ３点で行なわれる。Ｃ１とＤｌとの間
隔、Ｃ２とＤ２との間隔及びＣ３とＤ３との間隔はいず
れも実効電気長で１７４波長である。この実施例では、
給電用ストリップ導体４００のＦ側から電磁エネルギー
を供給し、放射素子との結合点Ｃ１〜Ｃ３，ＤＩ〜Ｄ３
でそれぞれ全供給エネルギーの１７６ずつ結合するよう
に結合度を調節し、ス）　ＩＪツブ導体４００の一端Ｅ
に図示されていない整合終端を設ければ第７図の紙面に
直角な方向の上方に左旋円偏波を励振することができる
。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which the dielectrics 200, 210, the ground conductor 300, and the coupling screws 600, 601 shown in FIG. 5 are omitted. This embodiment is an example in which three sets of radiating elements 111 to 113 are arranged in a plane. Each radiating element has a cross shape and consists of 174 wavelength conductors 101 to 104 arranged at 90° intervals like the radiating element in FIG. The coupling between the strip conductor 400 and each radiating element is CI, DI, C2, respectively.
This is done at points D2, C3, and D3. The distance between C1 and Dl, the distance between C2 and D2, and the distance between C3 and D3 are all 174 wavelengths in terms of effective electrical length. In this example,
Electromagnetic energy is supplied from the F side of the power feeding strip conductor 400, and the coupling points C1 to C3 and DI to D3 with the radiating element
The degree of coupling is adjusted so that 176 of the total supplied energy is coupled at each, and one end E of the IJ tube conductor 400 is
If a matching termination (not shown) is provided, it is possible to excite left-handed circularly polarized waves upward in a direction perpendicular to the paper plane of FIG.

なお、第７図では３組の放射素子を一平面上に直線状に
配置した例を示したが、一つの平面に縦。Although FIG. 7 shows an example in which three sets of radiating elements are arranged linearly on one plane, they are arranged vertically on one plane.

横それぞれの方向に十字状の放射素子を配置しても円偏
波アンテナをやはシ得ることが出来る。また、第５図の
実施例においては、ストリップ導体の一端Ｅに接続する
整合終端を設けたが、整合終端の代りに、０点よシ左方
へほぼ１７４波長の実効電気長の所で地導体３００にス
トリップ導体４００　を短絡する手段を設けても第５図
と同様の放射特性を得ることができる。A circularly polarized antenna can also be obtained by arranging cross-shaped radiating elements in each horizontal direction. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a matching termination is provided to connect to one end E of the strip conductor, but instead of the matching termination, a ground is placed to the left of the 0 point at an effective electrical length of approximately 174 wavelengths. Even if the conductor 300 is provided with means for short-circuiting the strip conductor 400, radiation characteristics similar to those shown in FIG. 5 can be obtained.

（発明の効果） 以上詳細に説明したように、本発明の円偏波アンテナで
はマイクロストリップラインにおけるストリップ導体に
対する給電点を変えるだけで任意の方向に旋回した円偏
波電波の放射又は受信ができる。このように、本発明に
よれば、偏波の旋回方向が容易に変更できる円偏波アン
テナが提供できる。(Effects of the Invention) As explained in detail above, the circularly polarized antenna of the present invention can radiate or receive circularly polarized radio waves rotating in any direction by simply changing the feeding point to the strip conductor in the microstrip line. . As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a circularly polarized antenna in which the direction of rotation of polarized waves can be easily changed.

円偏波を励振するために、第１図の従来のアンテナでは
放射素子の直交する導体の長さを異ならせる必要があシ
、従来の円錐ホーン式のアンテナでは構成の複雑な円偏
波発生器を必要とするが、本発明のアンテナでは単に十
字放射素子をなす４つの短冊形導体のうちの互いに直交
する２つにそれぞれマイクロストリップラインのストリ
ップ導体から結合ネジを介して結合するだけでよい。ま
た、第４図の従来のアンテナではハイブリッド等を用い
て電磁エネルギーを２等分して−りの放射素子に給電す
る必要があるが、本発明のアンテナでは単にマイクロス
トリップラインの一本のストリップ導体によって給電す
ればよく？シかも給電線も含めて平面的に構成すること
が可能である。In order to excite circularly polarized waves, the conventional antenna shown in Figure 1 requires different lengths of the orthogonal conductors of the radiating element, while the conventional conical horn antenna has a complicated configuration to generate circularly polarized waves. However, in the antenna of the present invention, it is only necessary to connect the strip conductors of the microstrip line to two of the four rectangular conductors that form the cross radiating element, which are perpendicular to each other, via coupling screws. . Furthermore, in the conventional antenna shown in Fig. 4, it is necessary to use a hybrid or the like to divide the electromagnetic energy into two equal parts and feed it to the two radiating elements, but in the antenna of the present invention, it is necessary to simply divide the electromagnetic energy into two radiating elements. Should I supply power through a conductor? It is also possible to configure it in a two-dimensional manner, including the power supply line.

そこで、本発明の円偏波アンテナろ構成が簡単になると
いう利点を有する。また、前述したように給電線路が簡
単であるから、給電部で生ずる損失を従来のこの種のア
ンテナにくらべて低減できるという利点もある。Therefore, the present invention has the advantage that the circularly polarized antenna filter structure is simple. Furthermore, since the feeding line is simple as described above, there is an advantage that the loss occurring in the feeding section can be reduced compared to conventional antennas of this type.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は従来の円偏波アンテナの斜視図、第２図はとの
円偏波アンテナの放射素子部の上面図、第３図は第２図
とは旋回方向を逆にした円偏波アンテナの放射素子部の
上面図、第４図は従来の他の円偏波アンテナの斜視図、
第５図は本発明の第１の実施例を示す斜視図、第６図は
第５図の部分断面図、第７図は本発明の第２の実施例を
示す模式図である。 １．１’、２．２’、１０１〜１０４・・・・・・放射
素　−子を構成する導体、３・・・・・・同軸給電線の
外導体、４・・・・・・・同軸給電線の中心導体、５・
・・・・・中心導体４の先端、６・・・・・・外導体３
に設けられたスリット、１０．１１１，１１２，１１３
　・−−−−−放射素子、２０゜２００．２１０・・・
・・・誘電体、４０．４０’、４００・・・・・・スト
リップ導体、３０，３００・・・・・・地導体、６００
．６０１・・・・・・結合用のねじ、Ｃ，ＣＩ、Ｃ２゜
Ｃ３，Ｄ、ＤＩ、Ｄ２．Ｄ３・山・・放射素子とストリ
ップ導体との結合点、　Ｂ、Ｂ’・山・・放射素子１０
への給電点、Ｅ、Ｆ・・・・・・ストリップ導体４００
の端部。 Ｚ、？図　ｚ３図 ｚ４　図 ４ρ　ＪθFigure 1 is a perspective view of a conventional circularly polarized antenna, Figure 2 is a top view of the radiating element of the circularly polarized antenna, and Figure 3 is a circularly polarized wave with the direction of rotation reversed from that in Figure 2. A top view of the radiating element part of the antenna, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another conventional circularly polarized antenna,
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the invention, FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view of FIG. 5, and FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of the invention. 1.1', 2.2', 101-104...Conductor constituting the radiating element, 3...Outer conductor of coaxial feeder, 4... Center conductor of coaxial feed line, 5.
...Tip of center conductor 4, 6...Outer conductor 3
slits provided in 10.111, 112, 113
・---Radiating element, 20°200.210...
...Dielectric, 40.40', 400...Strip conductor, 30,300...Ground conductor, 600
．． 601...Connecting screws, C, CI, C2°C3, D, DI, D2. D3・Mountain: Connection point between the radiating element and the strip conductor, B, B'・Mountain: Radiating element 10
Feeding point to E, F...Strip conductor 400
end of. Z,? Figure z3 Figure z4 Figure 4ρ Jθ

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 第１の誘電体板の第１及び第２の広幅面に接地板及びス
トリップ導体をそれぞれ固着してなるマイクロストリッ
プラインと、前記第１の誘電体板との間で前記ストリッ
プ導体を挾持する第２の誘電体板と、前記ストリップ導
体との間でこの第２の誘電体板を挾む形にこの第２の誘
電体の広幅面に固着しである十字形の放射素子と、前記
ストリップ導体と前記放射素子との間の電磁結合の度合
を調整する第１及び第２の結合ねじとが備えてあり、前
記放射素子は電気長で放射電波のほぼ１／４の長さの４
つの短冊形導体を十字形に配置してなシ、前記第１及び
第２の結合ねじは互いに直交する２つの前記短冊形導体
に前記ストリップ導体をそれぞれ電磁結合し、前記第１
及び第２の結合ねじの間隔は電気長ではは前記波長の４
分の１であることを特徴とする円偏波アンテナ。A microstrip line is formed by fixing a grounding plate and a strip conductor to the first and second wide surfaces of a first dielectric plate, respectively, and a microstrip line is formed by sandwiching the strip conductor between the first dielectric plate and the first dielectric plate. a cross-shaped radiating element fixed to a wide surface of the second dielectric plate with the second dielectric plate sandwiched between the second dielectric plate and the strip conductor; and first and second coupling screws for adjusting the degree of electromagnetic coupling between the radiating element and the radiating element, and the radiating element has an electrical length of approximately 1/4 of the length of the radiated radio wave.
two strip-shaped conductors are arranged in a cross shape, and the first and second coupling screws electromagnetically couple the strip conductors to the two strip-shaped conductors that are orthogonal to each other, and
The interval between the second coupling screws is 4 times the wavelength in terms of electrical length.
A circularly polarized antenna characterized by being 1/2.