JPS60217292A - Fuel additive for diesel engine - Google Patents
Fuel additive for diesel engineInfo
- Publication number
- JPS60217292A JPS60217292A JP7348784A JP7348784A JPS60217292A JP S60217292 A JPS60217292 A JP S60217292A JP 7348784 A JP7348784 A JP 7348784A JP 7348784 A JP7348784 A JP 7348784A JP S60217292 A JPS60217292 A JP S60217292A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- fuel
- diesel engine
- organic acid
- additive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Landscapes
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明はディーゼルエンジン用の燃料添加剤に関する
ものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to fuel additives for diesel engines.
ディーゼルエンジンは、燃料噴射ポンプから送られる＾
圧燃料を、最終的にはノズルで霧化して燃焼室内に噴射
し、その燃料を自己着火させるものであることは周知の
通りｐあるｉしたがってノズルの機能としては、噴射ポ
ンプの性能を最大限に引出すとともに、個々のエンジン
により異なる燃焼室内の空気流動に適合して、排出ガス
を含めたエンジン性能を最大限に発揮させることが望ま
れる。In a diesel engine, fuel is sent from an injection pump.
As is well known, pressurized fuel is ultimately atomized by a nozzle and injected into the combustion chamber, and the fuel is self-ignited.Therefore, the function of the nozzle is to maximize the performance of the injection pump. It is desirable to maximize engine performance, including exhaust gas, by adapting to the air flow within the combustion chamber, which differs depending on the individual engine.
ところでこのようなノズルとして、従来、ピストンノズ
ルやスロットノズル等各種の形式のノズルが知られてい
るが、ノズルはいずれにしても燃焼室に臨ませて配置さ
れるから、燃焼に伴う高温高圧の厳しい環境にさらされ
、その結果燃料噴射に異常を来たす場合があった。By the way, various types of nozzles such as piston nozzles and slot nozzles are conventionally known as such nozzles, but in any case, the nozzles are placed facing the combustion chamber, so they do not absorb the high temperature and pressure associated with combustion. Exposure to harsh environments could result in abnormal fuel injection.
すなわち第１図はスロットノズルの噴孔部を示す拡大図
であって、針弁１と針弁１を挿入した貫通孔２との間隙
が開孔面積となるが、この噴孔部は燃焼室に直接接して
いるために、エンジンを継続して運転している間にカー
ボン質を主体とした付着物（ディポジット）が針弁１に
生成する。このようなディポジットの量がある程度多く
なると、開孔面積が狭くなり、その結果燃料噴射率に変
化が生じるために、白煙が生じたり、出力が低下したり
、さらにはノリキングが起き易くなったりする等各種の
恩影豐が出る問題があった。That is, FIG. 1 is an enlarged view showing the nozzle hole of the slot nozzle, and the opening area is the gap between the needle valve 1 and the through hole 2 into which the needle valve 1 is inserted. Since the needle valve 1 is in direct contact with the needle valve 1, deposits mainly composed of carbon are generated on the needle valve 1 while the engine is continuously operated. When the amount of such deposits increases to a certain extent, the opening area becomes narrower and as a result, the fuel injection rate changes, resulting in white smoke, a decrease in output, and even more risk of sagging. There were problems that resulted in various kinds of negative effects, such as doing so.
この発明は上記の事情に鑑みてなされたもので、ディポ
ジットによるノズル詰りを防止することのできるディー
ゼルエンジン用燃料添加剤を提供することを目的とする
ものである。The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel additive for diesel engines that can prevent nozzle clogging due to deposits.
すなわち本発明者が鋭意研究を重ねたところ、ノズル詰
りを招来するディポジット中には多種類の有機酸が含ま
れていた。燃料である軽油中にディポジットから検出さ
れた有機酸が含まれていないから、その有機酸は燃焼に
よって生じたものであり、かつその有機酸が強極性を有
するものであるから、有１ＪＩＩＩによってカーボン質
が針弁に対し強固に付着し、またカーボン質同士が結合
され、その結果ディポジットが生成されるものと考えら
れる。そこで本発明者は、燃焼によって生じる有機酸を
エステル化して不活性化すれば、バインダーとしての機
能がなくなり、その結果ディポジットの生成を防止でき
ると同時に、一旦生成したディポジットを除去できると
の推察のもとに実験を行なったところ、エステル化剤に
よってノズル詰りを有効に防止できるとの知見を得、こ
の発明をなすに到ったのである。したがってこの発明の
添加剤は、エステル化剤すなわち有１酸と反応してエス
テルを生成する物質を主成分とするものである。That is, as a result of extensive research by the present inventors, it has been found that many types of organic acids are contained in the deposit that causes nozzle clogging. Since the organic acid detected in the deposit is not contained in the gas oil that is the fuel, the organic acid was generated by combustion, and since the organic acid has strong polarity, carbon It is thought that the carbon particles firmly adhere to the needle valve, and the carbon particles are combined with each other, resulting in the formation of deposits. Therefore, the present inventor speculated that if the organic acid produced by combustion is esterified and inactivated, it will no longer function as a binder, and as a result, the formation of deposits can be prevented, and at the same time, the deposits once formed can be removed. After conducting experiments, they found that nozzle clogging can be effectively prevented by using an esterifying agent, and this led to the creation of this invention. Therefore, the additive of the present invention is mainly composed of an esterifying agent, that is, a substance that reacts with a monoacid to form an ester.
以下この発明を更に詳細に説明すると、この発明の燃料
添加剤は、要は、有機酸をエステル化する物質（すなわ
ちエステル化剤）を主成分とすれば良いのであり、した
がってエステル化剤のみからなるものであってもよく、
あるいはエステル化剤の他に安定化剤等の適宜の薬品を
含有していてもよい。またエステル化剤としては、軽油
に対して可溶性を示すものが好ましく、例えばジメチル
ホルムアミド・ジメチルアセタールを用いることができ
、そのようなエステル化剤であれば、軽油に溶解させる
ための薬剤を併用しなくてもよいから、コストの点で有
利である。さらに有機酸をエステル化する物質のうち、
有機酸のもつ水素原子をアルキル基で置換するアルキル
化剤が特に好ましく、アルキル化剤によればその反応性
が高いために、燃料中への添加量を少なくすることがで
、しかもディポジットを確実に除去することができる。To explain the present invention in more detail below, the fuel additive of the present invention only needs to have a substance that esterifies an organic acid (i.e., an esterifying agent) as a main component, and therefore can be made from only an esterifying agent. It may be
Alternatively, appropriate chemicals such as a stabilizer may be contained in addition to the esterifying agent. The esterifying agent is preferably one that is soluble in light oil; for example, dimethylformamide/dimethyl acetal can be used.If such an esterifying agent is used, a drug for dissolving it in light oil may be used in combination. Since it is not necessary, it is advantageous in terms of cost. Furthermore, among substances that esterify organic acids,
Alkylating agents that replace the hydrogen atoms of organic acids with alkyl groups are particularly preferred; alkylating agents have high reactivity, so the amount added to the fuel can be reduced, and deposits can be ensured. can be removed.
つぎにこの発明の効果を確認するために行なった実験例
を記す。Next, an example of an experiment conducted to confirm the effects of this invention will be described.
実験例 工
添加剤としてジメチルホルムアミド・ジメチルアセター
ルを軽油中に０．ＩＶＯ１％添加し、その燃料でスロッ
トノズルを具備するディーゼルエンジンを４２００ ｒ
ｐｍで２時間運転した。運転終了後、各スロットルノズ
ルの噴孔流量を１．５ｋＣＩ／ｃ＃のエアーを用いて測
定し、その低下率をめた。Experimental example Dimethylformamide/dimethyl acetal was added to light oil as an additive. A diesel engine equipped with a slot nozzle was heated to 4200 r with the addition of 1% IVO.
It was operated for 2 hours at pm. After the operation was completed, the nozzle flow rate of each throttle nozzle was measured using air of 1.5 kCI/c#, and the rate of decrease was determined.
比較のために、添加剤を入れていない燃料で同様な試験
を行なった。For comparison, a similar test was conducted using fuel without additives.
結果を第２図に示す。The results are shown in Figure 2.
第２図に示す結果から明らかなように、添加剤の入って
いない軽油では、ノズルの噴孔流量が半分以下に低下し
てしまい、相当程度までノズル詰りが進行していること
が認められるが、上記の添加剤を用いた場合には、噴孔
流量の低下率が高々２０％程度であってノズル詰りを有
効に防止し得ることが認められた。As is clear from the results shown in Figure 2, when using light oil without additives, the flow rate of the nozzle orifice decreases to less than half, indicating that nozzle clogging has progressed to a considerable extent. It was found that when the above additives were used, the rate of decrease in the nozzle flow rate was about 20% at most, and nozzle clogging could be effectively prevented.
実験例 ■
添加剤としてジメチルホルムアミド・ジメチルアセター
ルを用い、その添加量を０．０１ ＶＯＩ％、０、Ｏ５
Ｖｏ１％、０．ＩＶｏ１％（Ｆ） ３ 段ｆ！１変、１
、各々について実験例工におけると同様なディーゼルエ
ンジンの運転を行ない、運転終了後置ノズルの噴孔流量
を測定し、その低下率をめた。なお、弁揚程は０．３１
１１ｍとした。Experimental example ■ Dimethylformamide/dimethylacetal was used as an additive, and the amount added was 0.01 VOI%, 0, O5
Vo1%, 0. IVo1% (F) 3 steps f! 1 change, 1
In each case, the diesel engine was operated in the same manner as in the experimental example, and the flow rate of the nozzle after the operation was measured to determine the rate of decrease. In addition, the valve lift is 0.31
It was set to 11m.
結果を第３図に示す。The results are shown in Figure 3.
第３図に示すように添加量を増せば噴孔流量の低下率が
低くなる傾向にあり、噴孔流量低下率５０％以上を不可
とすれば、ジメチルホルムアミド・ジメチルアセタール
は０．０３ ＶＯＩ％以上で尭分効果があることが認め
られた。As shown in Figure 3, the rate of decrease in nozzle flow rate tends to decrease as the amount added increases, and if the rate of nozzle flow rate decrease of 50% or more is not allowed, dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal is 0.03 VOI%. From the above, it was confirmed that there was a subtraction effect.
以上説明したようにこの発明のディーゼルエンジン用燃
料添加剤は、燃料が燃焼することによって生じる有機酸
と反応してエステルを生成する物質を主成分とするもの
であるから、ディポジットのバインダーとして機能する
有機酸を不活性化し、ディポジットの生成自体を防止で
きるとともに、一旦生じたディポジットを除去すること
ができ、したがってこの発明によれば、燃料噴射ノズル
のノズル詰りを防止でき、したがって白煙やノツキング
の発生を防止できるとともに、出力低下などの不都合を
防止できる。As explained above, the diesel engine fuel additive of the present invention mainly contains a substance that reacts with the organic acid produced when the fuel is combusted to form an ester, so it functions as a binder for the deposit. By inactivating the organic acid, it is possible to prevent the formation of deposits, and also to remove the deposits once formed.Therefore, according to this invention, it is possible to prevent nozzle clogging of the fuel injection nozzle, and therefore to prevent white smoke and knotting. It is possible to prevent this from occurring and also to prevent inconveniences such as a decrease in output.
第１図はスロットルノズルの噴孔部を示す拡大図、第２
図は添加剤を入れた場合と入れない場合とにおける噴孔
流量低下率を示す線図、第３図はジメチルホルムアミド
・ジメチルアセタールの添加量と噴孔流量低下率との相
関関係を示す線図である。
出願人 トヨタ自動車株式会社
代理人 弁理士 豊 １）武 久
（ほか１名）
７−
第１図
第２図
４ｔ 漏 矛ヱ （、ｒｒＬうンFigure 1 is an enlarged view showing the nozzle hole of the throttle nozzle, Figure 2
The figure is a diagram showing the rate of decrease in the nozzle flow rate with and without additives, and Figure 3 is a diagram showing the correlation between the amount of dimethylformamide/dimethylacetal added and the rate of decrease in the nozzle flow rate. It is. Applicant Toyota Motor Corporation Representative Patent Attorney Yutaka 1) Takehisa (and 1 other person) 7- Figure 1 Figure 2 4t
Claims (1)
生成する物質を主成分としたディーゼルエンジン用燃料
添加剤。A fuel additive for diesel engines whose main ingredient is a substance that produces esters by reacting with organic acids produced as a result of fuel combustion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7348784A JPS60217292A (en) | 1984-04-12 | 1984-04-12 | Fuel additive for diesel engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7348784A JPS60217292A (en) | 1984-04-12 | 1984-04-12 | Fuel additive for diesel engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60217292A true JPS60217292A (en) | 1985-10-30 |
| JPH0565555B2 JPH0565555B2 (en) | 1993-09-17 |
Family
ID=13519682
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7348784A Granted JPS60217292A (en) | 1984-04-12 | 1984-04-12 | Fuel additive for diesel engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60217292A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03234793A (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-10-18 | Kiyouseki Seihin Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | Fuel oil for diesel engine |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5280305A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1977-07-06 | Chevron Res | Fuel composition |
-
1984
- 1984-04-12 JP JP7348784A patent/JPS60217292A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5280305A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1977-07-06 | Chevron Res | Fuel composition |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03234793A (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-10-18 | Kiyouseki Seihin Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | Fuel oil for diesel engine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0565555B2 (en) | 1993-09-17 |
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