JPS6021284B2 - liquid fuel combustion equipment - Google Patents

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は石油暖房器等に用いられる比較的に小発熱量の
液体燃料燃焼装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a liquid fuel combustion device that has a relatively small calorific value and is used in oil heaters and the like.

従来は上記に類するものとして、一般の石油ストーブ等
に見られる自然通風型の灯心燃焼式バーナがあり、構造
が簡単であるが、点火後に火力安定までのタイムラグが
あり、消火後の臭いの放散や、使用時間が累積するに伴
い灯心がタールと呼ばれる黒鉛状堆積物で目づまりを生
じて火力を減退し、かつ完全燃焼を損うなどの難点があ
った。Conventionally, there has been a natural ventilation wick combustion type burner similar to the above, which is found in general kerosene stoves, etc., and although the structure is simple, there is a time lag for the flame to stabilize after ignition, and the odor dissipates after extinguishing. Moreover, as the usage time accumulated, the wick became clogged with graphite-like deposits called tar, reducing the firepower and impairing complete combustion.

また強制通風型のものとしては燃料を霧化してこれを気
化ヒータを有する気化室に送ってガス化させ、かつ空気
と混合して燃焼させる予混合燃焼方式のものがあり、そ
の霧化手段として空気噴射によるものや遠心力によるも
の等、各種のものが試みられているが、構造が複雑でコ
スト高となると共に機能部分にデリケートな要素をもつ
ので、安定燃焼を長期間維持する上での信頼性に今一歩
という難点があった。本発明は全燃焼用空気を強制通風
される燃焼筒内で、多孔素子の表面に毛管作用によって
展開された液体燃料を燃焼熱によって気化させ燃焼する
ものであって、給気量の加減によって火力を調整できる
空気先導型であり、構造が比較的簡単で長期使用後のタ
ール付着を抑制して完全燃焼を維持させることを目的と
するものである。In addition, among the forced draft types, there is a premix combustion type in which the fuel is atomized and sent to a vaporization chamber equipped with a vaporization heater to be gasified, and then mixed with air and combusted. Various methods have been tried, such as those using air injection and those using centrifugal force, but they have complex structures, high costs, and have delicate elements in their functional parts, making it difficult to maintain stable combustion over a long period of time. There was a problem with reliability. The present invention vaporizes and burns liquid fuel that is spread on the surface of a porous element by capillary action in a combustion cylinder in which all combustion air is forcedly ventilated. It is an air-leading type with a relatively simple structure and is designed to maintain complete combustion by suppressing tar adhesion after long-term use.

次に本発明の実施例を図面とともに説明する。Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

第１図は裏面から見た断面図、第２図は側面から見た断
面、第３図は一部切欠き平面図で、燃焼筒１は上下に配
設された多孔素子２ｂ，２ａと、左右に配設され、それ
ぞれ上下に区画された空気室３ｂ，３ａおよびフラソジ
Ａ４、フランジＢ５を以って構成し、中央を上下に閉口
した空腔をもつ上下左右対象で横型円筒状の外形をもつ
。また空気室３ａ，３ｂにはそれぞれに空気孔６ａ，６
ｂを穿設してあり、全体は軸承体Ａ７と軸承体Ｂ８によ
って結合しかつ回動自在に支持され、９はその操作軸で
ある。燃焼筒は上記の通り半回転して上下を反転しうる
ものであるが燃焼に際しては上位の多孔素子２ｂは助燃
体として、また下位の多孔素子２ａは燃料展開のための
気化素子として作用し、上位の空気室３ｂおよび空気孔
６ｂは２次空気室および２次空気孔として、また下位の
空気室３ａおよび空気孔６ａは１次空気室および１次空
気孔として使用するものである。１０は毛管作用と若干
の弾力性を有する吸上芯でその中空軸１１は支持体１２
の上部案内溝１３に支承されかつ上下変位に対し若干の
自由をもて）。FIG. 1 is a sectional view as seen from the back, FIG. 2 is a sectional view as seen from the side, and FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway plan view. It is arranged on the left and right, and is composed of air chambers 3b and 3a divided into upper and lower sections, a flange A4, and a flange B5, and has a horizontal cylindrical outer shape that is vertically and horizontally symmetrical and has a cavity that is closed vertically in the center. Motsu. In addition, air holes 6a and 6 are provided in the air chambers 3a and 3b, respectively.
b is bored, and the whole is connected and rotatably supported by a shaft bearing A7 and a shaft bearing B8, and 9 is its operating shaft. The combustion cylinder can be turned upside down by half a turn as described above, but during combustion, the upper porous element 2b acts as a combustion aid, and the lower porous element 2a acts as a vaporizing element for fuel deployment. The upper air chamber 3b and air hole 6b are used as a secondary air chamber and secondary air hole, and the lower air chamber 3a and air hole 6a are used as a primary air chamber and primary air hole. 10 is a wick having capillary action and some elasticity, and its hollow shaft 11 is a support 12
(It is supported in the upper guide groove 13 of and has some freedom for vertical displacement).

１４は同じく毛管作用と若干の弾力性を有する回動芯で
、その軸１５は支持体の下部案内溝１５に支承されかつ
上下変位に対し自在で、接触ばね１６によって上方に押
圧されている。Reference numeral 14 denotes a rotating core which also has capillary action and some elasticity, and its shaft 15 is supported in a lower guide groove 15 of the support, is movable up and down, and is pressed upward by a contact spring 16.

１７は油室で、図示せざるオイルレベラ−より給油口１
８を通して底面に常時定量の燃料を供給される。17 is an oil chamber, and oil filler port 1 is connected to the oil leveler (not shown).
8, a fixed amount of fuel is constantly supplied to the bottom surface.

燃焼筒１と吸上芯１０および回動芯１４は常時一定圧力
で転がり接触し、燃焼時に於ては燃料が毛管作用により
気化素子に供給される。The combustion tube 1, the suction wick 10, and the rotating wick 14 are always in rolling contact with each other at a constant pressure, and during combustion, fuel is supplied to the vaporizing element by capillary action.

上部案内溝１３と蓮通する空気路１９，２０‘ま中空軸
１１と連通し、さらに蓮通す給気管２１を通じて図示せ
ざる送風機から供給された燃焼用空気は、溝孔２２を経
て軸承体Ａに形出した配気室２３に達する。The air passages 19 and 20' that communicate with the upper guide groove 13 communicate with the hollow shaft 11, and the combustion air supplied from a blower (not shown) through the air supply pipe 21 that communicates with the upper guide groove 13 passes through the slot 22 and flows into the shaft support A. It reaches the air distribution chamber 23 which is shaped like this.

２４はフランジＡに穿設され空気室３ａ，３ｂに運通す
る上下左右対象の４個の通気孔で、これと対応し鞠承体
Ａに穿設された配気口２５ａ，２５ｂは左右対象で、下
方は１次空気を、上方は２次空気を配分する。Reference numeral 24 indicates four ventilation holes which are symmetrical in the vertical and horizontal directions and which are drilled in the flange A and communicate with the air chambers 3a and 3b. distributes primary air and upward distributes secondary air.

２６は点火ヒータで、２７は鞠承体Ｂ８に設けたヒータ
案内口、２８はフランジＢ５に穿設し上下対象に配した
ヒータ逃げ孔である。26 is an ignition heater, 27 is a heater guide hole provided in the ball support body B8, and 28 is a heater relief hole bored in the flange B5 and arranged vertically symmetrically.

図は点火ヒータを深く挿入した点火時の状態を示し、点
火時以外はその深度を浅くして、燃焼筒の回動を妨げる
ことはない。２９は給気管２１に配設した空気量調整用
のダンパーであり、３０は油室の上部に形出した空隆部
である。The figure shows the state at the time of ignition with the ignition heater inserted deeply, and the depth is shallow at times other than when igniting, so that the rotation of the combustion tube is not hindered. 29 is a damper for adjusting the amount of air disposed in the air supply pipe 21, and 30 is an air ridge formed in the upper part of the oil chamber.

第４図は消火時に燃焼筒を１／４回動させた状態を示す
部分断面図で、３１は支持体１２から延長し、燃焼筒１
の円筒面に沿わせた側壁で、燃焼筒の閉口部はこれによ
って閉塞される。FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the state in which the combustion tube has been rotated 1/4 turn during extinguishing.
The closed part of the combustion cylinder is closed by the side wall along the cylindrical surface of the cylinder.

また通気口２４ａ，２４ｂ配気口２５ａ，２５ｂから変
位して互に閉塞され、ざらに吸上芯１０と気化素子の接
触も断たれる。次に本実施例の作用について述べると、 先ずダンパー２９を適宜に開□して送風機を起動すると
１次空気孔６ａから１次空気が、また２次空気孔６ｂか
ら２次空気が燃焼筒１内に供給され、次に点火ヒータ２
６を深く挿入して下位の多孔素子２ａ（即ち気化素子と
して作用）に近傍かつ通電すると気化素子に吸い上げら
れその表面に展開された燃料に着火する。In addition, the ventilation ports 24a, 24b are displaced from the air distribution ports 25a, 25b and are mutually closed, and the contact between the suction wick 10 and the vaporizing element is also roughly cut off. Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. First, when the damper 29 is opened appropriately and the blower is started, primary air flows from the primary air hole 6a, and secondary air flows from the secondary air hole 6b to the combustion tube. and then ignition heater 2
6 is inserted deeply and when electricity is applied near the lower porous element 2a (that is, acts as a vaporizing element), the fuel sucked up by the vaporizing element and spread on its surface is ignited.

着火の初期に於ては灯心燃焼の如く火炎が気化素子の全
面に拡がり、次いで気化素子が昇温すると共に気化ガス
の発生が旺盛となって燃料空気の混合気は濃厚となり、
火炎が２次空気孔６ｂ付近に転位して２次火炎を形成し
、かつ１次空気孔６ａ付近に転位したものは１次火炎を
形成して全面燃焼となる。１次空気量と２次空気量の比
は配気口２５ａと配気口２５ｂによって定まり、１次火
炎と２次火炎は間もなくダンパー２９の開度に応じたそ
れぞれの火力で平衡する。At the beginning of ignition, the flame spreads over the entire surface of the vaporizing element like wick combustion, and then as the temperature of the vaporizing element rises, vaporized gas is generated vigorously and the fuel-air mixture becomes rich.
The flame translocates to the vicinity of the secondary air hole 6b to form a secondary flame, and the flame dislocates to the vicinity of the primary air hole 6a forms a primary flame, resulting in full-scale combustion. The ratio between the primary air amount and the secondary air amount is determined by the air distribution port 25a and the air distribution port 25b, and the primary flame and the secondary flame will soon be balanced at their respective firepowers according to the opening degree of the damper 29.

ことき気化ガス発生量は主として気化素子の受熱量によ
って定まるが、燃焼用空気の供給量と火力の強さと気化
発生量の３者が自動的に平衡する。なおこれについて気
化素子に対する燃料通過能力が定格最高燃焼量相等値の
２〜３倍となるように、その構成ならびに転がり接触状
態を設定されている。また上位の多孔素子２ｂは２次火
炎によって高温となり、かつ対向する２次火炎を整流す
る助燃体として作用し、むらのない完全燃焼炎を得る。
継続燃焼中に於て、吸上芯１０は燃焼筒１および多孔素
子２ａからの受熱を生ずるが、中空軸１１を通過する燃
焼用空気で冷却されるのでその昇温が抑制され、従って
吸上芯１０に於けるタールの堆積が抑制されるとともに
吸い上げ燃料の粘度変化も少なく、このため気化発生量
が漸増して火力を変動することがない。火力の調節は前
記に明らかな如く、ダンパー２９の開閉により燃焼用空
気量を加減するのみで行われ、火力の最大最小の比は３
：１程度となる。The amount of vaporized gas generated is mainly determined by the amount of heat received by the vaporizing element, but the three factors, the amount of combustion air supplied, the strength of the thermal power, and the amount of vaporized gas generated, are automatically balanced. Regarding this, the structure and rolling contact state of the vaporizing element are set so that the fuel passing ability through the vaporizing element is 2 to 3 times the equivalent value of the rated maximum combustion amount. Further, the upper porous element 2b becomes high in temperature due to the secondary flame, and acts as a combustion aid to rectify the opposing secondary flame, thereby obtaining an even and complete combustion flame.
During continuous combustion, the wick 10 receives heat from the combustion tube 1 and the porous element 2a, but since it is cooled by the combustion air passing through the hollow shaft 11, its temperature rise is suppressed, and therefore the wick 10 receives heat from the combustion tube 1 and the porous element 2a. The accumulation of tar on the wick 10 is suppressed, and there is little change in the viscosity of the sucked up fuel, so the amount of vaporization does not gradually increase and the thermal power does not fluctuate. As is clear from the above, the heating power is adjusted by simply adjusting the amount of combustion air by opening and closing the damper 29, and the maximum and minimum ratio of the heating power is 3.
: About 1.

点火時以外は点火ヒータ２６の挿入深度は浅くしてヒー
タ逃げ孔２８から脱出しているので、操作軸９を回せば
燃焼筒１は吸上芯１０と転がりつつ回転し、１／４回転
の位置で火炎は即時に消える。即ち空気室３ａ，３ｂが
閉鎖されて空気の供給を断ち、吸上芯１０との接触を離
れた気化素子への燃料供給が断たれ、かつ燃焼筒１の閉
口部が側壁３１で閉塞されるから瞬時に消火すると共に
未燃ガスの放散も生じない。次に点火するには、消火の
場合と同方向に燃焼筒を１／４回転して行ない、このと
き上下の多孔素子が反転して燃焼するので、前回に気化
素子として作用したものが鰯燃体として作用し、既に生
じた汚れやタール堆積物が高温に加熱されてクリーニン
グが自動的に行なわれる。At times other than when igniting, the insertion depth of the ignition heater 26 is shallow and it escapes from the heater relief hole 28. Therefore, when the operating shaft 9 is turned, the combustion tube 1 rotates while rolling with the suction wick 10, and the ignition heater 26 is inserted at a shallow depth and escapes from the heater relief hole 28. At the position the flame extinguishes instantly. That is, the air chambers 3a and 3b are closed to cut off the air supply, the fuel supply to the vaporizing element that has left contact with the suction wick 10 is cut off, and the closed portion of the combustion tube 1 is closed by the side wall 31. The fire extinguishes instantly and no unburned gas is released. Next, to ignite the ignition, turn the combustion tube 1/4 turn in the same direction as when extinguishing the fire, and at this time, the upper and lower porous elements are reversed and burn, so the one that acted as the vaporizing element last time becomes the sardine combustion element. Acting as a body, dirt and tar deposits that have already formed are heated to high temperatures and cleaning takes place automatically.

また吸上芯１０と回動芯１４を併用するので燃料の通過
能力が安定するとともに燃焼筒１から油室１７の油面ま
での間隔が大きく、油の昇溢が抑制され、また謀まって
燃焼装置が横転されたときには、油室内の燃料は空腔部
３川こ集結して溢出することがない。In addition, since the suction core 10 and the rotating core 14 are used together, the fuel passing ability is stabilized, and the distance from the combustion tube 1 to the oil level in the oil chamber 17 is large, suppressing oil overflow and preventing contamination. When the combustion device is overturned, the fuel in the oil chamber will collect in the three cavities and will not overflow.

上記の如く本発明によれば、燃焼筒を毎回上下反転して
使用するので上位にある多孔素子は助燃体として作用し
、むらのない完全燃焼炎を得ることができ、構造が簡単
でデリケートな機能部分を有しないから長期に亘る安定
性があり、かつ燃焼の都度多孔素子が交互にクリーニン
グされるので完全燃焼が維持される等、大きな効果を有
する。As described above, according to the present invention, since the combustion tube is used upside down each time, the porous element located above acts as a combustion aid, making it possible to obtain an even and complete combustion flame, and the structure is simple and delicate. Since it has no functional parts, it has long-term stability, and since the porous elements are alternately cleaned each time combustion occurs, it has great effects such as maintaining complete combustion.

なお、上記実施例によれば、燃焼筒を１′４回転すれば
瞬時に消化し、燃競筒が閉塞されるので、未燃ガスの放
散、臭気の発生がない。また、中空軸に燃焼用空気を通
過させた構造とすれば、その冷却作用により吸い上げら
れる燃料の昇温が抑制され、従って燃焼継続時の火力の
変動がないこと、吸上芯にタールの生成が防止されるの
で長期にわたり火力の減退がない。さらに回動芯を併用
すれば、燃料の吸い上げ通過能力が安定し、また油面と
燃焼筒との間隔が伸びて油の昇温抑制が効果的となり、
燃焼中の火力変動が防止できる。また油室の上部に空腔
を形出することができるので、燃焼装置が横転したとき
油の溢出が防止され安全性が向上する。また、燃焼筒を
吸上芯と転がり接触するごとく構成することにより、燃
焼筒の回動を簡単円滑に操作することもできる。図面の
簡単な説明第１図は本実施例の裏面からみた断面図、第
２図は同側面からみた断面図、第３図は同部分切欠き平
面図、第４図は同消火状態を示す部分断面図である。In addition, according to the above embodiment, if the combustion tube is rotated 1'4 times, the combustion is instantaneously extinguished and the combustion tube is closed, so that no unburned gas is released and no odor is generated. In addition, if the combustion air is passed through the hollow shaft, the temperature rise of the sucked up fuel is suppressed by its cooling effect, so there is no fluctuation in the thermal power during continued combustion, and the formation of tar on the suction wick. This prevents firepower from decreasing over a long period of time. Furthermore, if a rotating core is used in combination, the ability to suck up and pass fuel becomes stable, and the distance between the oil level and the combustion tube increases, effectively suppressing the rise in oil temperature.
Fluctuations in thermal power during combustion can be prevented. Furthermore, since a cavity can be formed in the upper part of the oil chamber, oil leakage is prevented when the combustion device is overturned, improving safety. Further, by configuring the combustion tube so as to be in rolling contact with the suction wick, the rotation of the combustion tube can be easily and smoothly operated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a sectional view of this embodiment as seen from the back side, Figure 2 is a sectional view of the same as seen from the side, Figure 3 is a cutaway plan view of the same part, and Figure 4 shows the extinguished state. FIG.

１……燃焼筒、２ａ，２ｂ…・・・多孔素子、３ａ，３
ｂ・・…・空気室、６ａ，６ｂ・・・・・・空気孔、７
…・・・軸承体Ａ、８・・・・・・軸承体Ｂ、１０・・
…・吸上芯、１１…・・・中空鞠、１２・・・・・・支
持体、１４・・・・・・回敷芯、１７・・・・・・油室
、１９，２０・・・・・・空気路、２１……給気管、２
２・・…・溝孔、２４……通気口、２５ａ，２５ｂ・・
・・・・配気□。1... Combustion tube, 2a, 2b... Porous element, 3a, 3
b...Air chamber, 6a, 6b...Air hole, 7
...Bearing body A, 8...Bearing body B, 10...
...Suction core, 11...Hollow ball, 12...Support, 14...Spread core, 17...Oil chamber, 19,20... ... Air path, 21 ... Air supply pipe, 2
2...Slot hole, 24...Vent hole, 25a, 25b...
...Attention□.

弊１図 第４図 第２図 第３図Our figure 1 Figure 4 Figure 2 Figure 3

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 １ 横型円筒状で中央を上下に貫通する空腔を有し、前
記空腔の上下に各１個の多孔素子を内装し、左右の外套
部分に形出した空気室と前記空腔とを連通する空気孔を
内壁に穿設してある燃焼筒を横軸回動可能に支持し、燃
料を吸い上げる吸上芯を前記燃焼筒の下位にある多孔素
子と接触させる如く配設し、前記燃焼筒の空気室から下
位にある空気孔を介して１次空気を供給し下位にある多
孔素子付近で１次火炎を形成するとともに、上位にある
空気孔を介して２次空気を供給し上位にある多孔素子付
近で２次火炎を形成して燃焼を行なうことを特徴とした
液体燃料燃焼装置。 ２ 燃焼筒が１／４回転したときには多孔素子が側位に
あつて吸上芯と離反し、かつ燃焼筒の空腔部が閉塞され
る如く構成したことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項
記載の液体燃料燃焼装置。 ３ 吸上芯の軸を中空とし、燃焼用空気がこれを通過し
て空気室に供給され、燃焼中における吸上芯の昇温を抑
制する如く構成したことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第
１項記載の液体燃料燃焼装置。 ４ 吸上芯と多孔素子との接触を転がり接触とし、燃料
を転がり接触を以て多孔素子に供給する如く構成したこ
とを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項または第２項また
は第３項記載の液体燃料燃焼装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. A horizontal cylindrical shape having a cavity passing through the center vertically, one porous element inside each of the upper and lower parts of the cavity, and air chambers formed in the left and right mantle parts. A combustion cylinder having air holes formed in the inner wall communicating with the cavity is supported horizontally rotatably, and a suction wick for sucking up fuel is arranged so as to be in contact with a porous element located below the combustion cylinder. Primary air is supplied from the air chamber of the combustion tube through the lower air holes to form a primary flame near the lower porous element, and secondary air is supplied through the upper air holes. A liquid fuel combustion device characterized in that a secondary flame is formed in the vicinity of an upper porous element to perform combustion. 2. Claim 1 characterized in that when the combustion tube rotates 1/4 turn, the porous element is located at the side and separates from the suction core, and the cavity of the combustion tube is closed. The liquid fuel combustion device described in . 3. Claim No. 3 characterized in that the shaft of the suction wick is hollow, and the combustion air is supplied to the air chamber through the shaft, thereby suppressing the rise in temperature of the suction wick during combustion. The liquid fuel combustion device according to item 1. 4. The device according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that the suction wick and the porous element are brought into contact with each other through rolling contact, and the fuel is supplied to the porous element through rolling contact. Liquid fuel combustion equipment.