JPS6021182A - Detection of welding position and welding route with welding robot - Google Patents

Detection of welding position and welding route with welding robot

Info

Publication number
JPS6021182A
JPS6021182A JP12771983A JP12771983A JPS6021182A JP S6021182 A JPS6021182 A JP S6021182A JP 12771983 A JP12771983 A JP 12771983A JP 12771983 A JP12771983 A JP 12771983A JP S6021182 A JPS6021182 A JP S6021182A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
welding
point
workpiece
torch
work
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP12771983A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kenichi Watanabe
健一 渡辺
Yukiro Tsuji
辻 征郎
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Hitachi Keiyo Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Hitachi Keiyo Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi Keiyo Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to JP12771983A priority Critical patent/JPS6021182A/en
Publication of JPS6021182A publication Critical patent/JPS6021182A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/12Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
    • B23K9/127Means for tracking lines during arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/1272Geometry oriented, e.g. beam optical trading
    • B23K9/1276Using non-contact, electric or magnetic means, e.g. inductive means

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To cope adequately with the change in the shape of a work and the deviation in positioning by detecting the shape of the work and the condition of positioning thereof with sensors and determining the position to be welded and the welding course by calculation. CONSTITUTION:A torch is moved in the direction F1 from a preliminarily taught operation start point K1 and the point S1 on a surface M2 when the torch contacts with a work is detected. The torch is immediately moved in the opposite direction and when the torch returns to the point K1, the direction is changed toward F2 and the point S2 on the surface M1 is detected. The torch is thereafter returned and the point S3 via the point K2 at a specified distance from the point S2 is detected. The points S4, S5, S6 on the surface M1 or M2 are thereafter successively detected in the same manner. A straight line L2 is calculated by the calculation equation if the positions of the three points not on one straight line on the respective surfaces constituting the work are known by the above-described procedure. Since the weld line is the part where the work on the straight line L2 exists, the line L2 is sensed with a magnetic sensor, and the point P1 or P2 where the work is discontinuous is detected, by which the weld line is determined.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の利用分野〕 本発明は溶接用ロボットにおけるワークの溶接位置およ
び溶接経路の検出に係り、特にワークが形状誤差を生じ
、そのボジショニングに複雑な誤差を生じる場合に好適
な、溶接位置および溶接経路の検出方法に関する。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to the detection of the welding position and welding path of a workpiece in a welding robot, particularly when the workpiece has a shape error and a complicated error occurs in its positioning. The present invention relates to a method for detecting a welding position and a welding route suitable for.

〔発明の背景〕[Background of the invention]

従来の溶接ロボットにおける溶接位置の検出方法は、磁
気センサあるいはタッチセンサなどのワークと一点間の
距離を測定できるセンサを用いて、ティーチ点とワーク
との距離を測定記!シておき、溶接時に同じ方法で測定
したワークとの距離とを比較し、ずれ量を計算して、こ
のずれ量をワークの位置補正量としていた。
The conventional method for detecting the welding position in a welding robot is to measure and record the distance between the teach point and the workpiece using a sensor that can measure the distance between the workpiece and a single point, such as a magnetic sensor or touch sensor! Then, the distance to the workpiece was measured using the same method during welding, the amount of deviation was calculated, and this amount of deviation was used as the amount of workpiece position correction.

この方法ではワークの形状がティーチ時に比べて誤差を
生じていたり、位置のずれが複雑なものである時は、正
しい位置補正ができないという欠点を持っていた。
This method has the disadvantage that correct position correction cannot be performed when the shape of the workpiece has an error compared to that during teaching or when the positional deviation is complicated.

〔発明の目的〕[Purpose of the invention]

本発明の目的は、溶接ロボットがセンサを用いて、ワー
クの溶接箇所を検出する時に、ワークの形状変化や複雑
なポジショニングのずれ[モ、適確に対処できる溶接位
置および溶接経路の検出方法を提供することKある。
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting welding positions and welding paths that can accurately deal with changes in the shape of a workpiece or complicated positioning errors when a welding robot detects a welding location on a workpiece using a sensor. I have a lot to offer.

〔発明の概要〕[Summary of the invention]

本発明は溶接時にワークを構成している各面の表面をセ
ンサを用いてセンスし、面上に存在する魚群の座標値を
めて面の方程式を決定し、それらの面の交線である溶接
線の方程式をめることにより、ワークの形状変化やポジ
ションニングのずれにも、適確に対処することができた
ものである。
The present invention uses a sensor to sense the surface of each surface that makes up the workpiece during welding, determines the equation of the surface by determining the coordinate values of the fish school existing on the surface, and calculates the intersection line of those surfaces. By formulating the welding line equation, it was possible to accurately deal with changes in the shape of the workpiece and positioning deviations.

〔発明の実施例〕[Embodiments of the invention]

以下、本発明の一実施例を図面を参照して説明する。 Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

第1図は本実施例で使用する溶接ロボットのノ・−ドウ
エアの構成を示し、ロボット本体1を制御装置2により
制御している。制御装置2はポジショナ制御装置ルおよ
びアーク溶接機3とも運なかっており、それらの機器の
制御を同時に行なっている。
FIG. 1 shows the hardware configuration of a welding robot used in this embodiment, in which a robot body 1 is controlled by a control device 2. As shown in FIG. The control device 2 also carries the positioner control device 1 and the arc welding machine 3, and controls these devices at the same time.

なお、第1図において、5はポジショナ、6は溶接トー
チ(以下、トーチという)、7はセンサの制御回路を示
す。
In FIG. 1, 5 is a positioner, 6 is a welding torch (hereinafter referred to as torch), and 7 is a sensor control circuit.

ついで、第2図はロボットのトーチ6を拡大したもので
あり、これにはワークとトーチ6の接触が確認可能なタ
ッチセンサの接触部である溶接ワイヤ(以下、ワイヤと
いう)10と、ワークとトーチとの距離が測定できる磁
気センサ8および9が取り付けられている。前記ワイヤ
10はタッチセンサの接触検出機能の他に、溶接時の溶
加拐としての本来の機能を持つ。タッチセンサおよび磁
気センナの制御回路本体7は、第1図に示すように、制
御装置2の中に納められている。
Next, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the robot's torch 6, which includes a welding wire (hereinafter referred to as wire) 10, which is the contact part of the touch sensor that can confirm the contact between the workpiece and the torch 6, and a Magnetic sensors 8 and 9 are attached that can measure the distance to the torch. In addition to the contact detection function of the touch sensor, the wire 10 has an original function as a welder during welding. The control circuit main body 7 for the touch sensor and the magnetic sensor is housed in the control device 2, as shown in FIG.

以上のハードウェア構成により、ワークの溶接面のセン
ス動作を行ない、溶接作業を行なう。
With the above hardware configuration, the welding work is performed by sensing the welding surface of the workpiece.

第6図は本実施例で使用した溶接用ワークの形状であり
、水平隅肉形状を示している。記号S。
FIG. 6 shows the shape of the welding workpiece used in this example, and shows the horizontal fillet shape. Symbol S.

からS6はワークの溶接面M1まだはM2上の点であり
、溶接線を検出するためにセンサを用いて検出すべき点
であることを示している。点P、および点P、は溶接の
開始点と終了点である0第4図は点S1から点S6の検
出点を、タッチセンサを用いて検出している時のワイヤ
先端の動きを示している。破線部は第6図に示したワー
クを表わし、矢線部はトーチの動く方向を表わしている
S6 indicates a point on the welding surface M1 and M2 of the workpiece, and is a point to be detected using a sensor in order to detect the weld line. Point P and point P are the start and end points of welding. Figure 4 shows the movement of the wire tip when detecting the detection points from point S1 to point S6 using a touch sensor. There is. The broken line section represents the work shown in FIG. 6, and the arrow line section represents the direction in which the torch moves.

点S1から点S”4の検出動作の手順は、第4図に示す
ように、まず予めティーチングしておいた動作開始点に
、jす、ティーチングしておいた方向F1にトーチを動
かし、ワイヤ先端がワークに接触した時、面M2上の点
S1を検出する0検出後直ちにトーチを逆方向に動かし
て点に、に戻ったら、次はティーチングしておいた方向
F、に向きを変えてトーチを動かし、面M1上の点S、
を検出する。その後トーチを戻して点S、と一定距離に
ある点に2を経由して、方向F1の向きの点S3を検出
する。
The procedure for the detection operation from point S1 to point S''4 is as shown in Fig. 4. First, move the torch in the taught direction F1 to the operation start point that has been taught in advance, and then insert the wire. When the tip contacts the workpiece, detect point S1 on surface M2. After detecting 0, immediately move the torch in the opposite direction and return to the point. Next, change direction to the teaching direction F. Move the torch to point S on plane M1,
Detect. Thereafter, the torch is returned to the point S, and a point S3, which is oriented in the direction F1, is detected via point S and 2, which are a certain distance apart.

以下同様の方法で、点KB+ K4をトーチ移動の経由
点として、面M、または面M、上にある点S4+ S6
t 86を添字の番号の小さい順に検出する。
Thereafter, in the same manner, point KB+K4 is used as a waypoint for torch movement, and plane M or point S4+S6 on plane M is moved.
t 86 are detected in descending order of subscript number.

前記の手順でワークを構成する各面上の一直線上にない
3点の位置がわかれば、一般に知られている計算式を用
いて、2千面が交わってできる直線の方程式が計算でき
るので、直線り、が計算可能である。溶接aLIは直線
L2上にあるワークが存在する部分だから、直線L2上
を磁気センサによりセンスして、ワークが途切れる点P
IまたはP、を検出すれば、溶接線L1を決めることが
できる。
If you know the positions of the three points on each surface of the workpiece that are not on a straight line using the above procedure, you can use a commonly known calculation formula to calculate the equation of the straight line formed by the intersection of the 2,000 surfaces. It is possible to calculate the straight line. Since the weld aLI is the part where the workpiece is located on the straight line L2, the magnetic sensor senses the line L2 and detects the point P where the workpiece breaks.
If I or P is detected, the welding line L1 can be determined.

溶接線り、の一部だけを溶接する時には、点P。When welding only part of the weld line, point P.

またはP、から溶接点までの溶接スキップ距離と、溶接
距離を予めティーチングしておけば、目的の溶接線が計
算できる。 − 次に、第5図にもう一つの実施例で使用したワークの形
状を示す。このワークは、面M 3 + M’4 +M
llの3つの平面から構成される。記号Sの点は前記例
と同じく、タッチセンサによりめた検出点であり、記号
にの点は検出動作を行なう時のワイヤ先端の経由点であ
る。
Alternatively, if the welding skip distance and welding distance from P to the welding point are taught in advance, the desired welding line can be calculated. - Next, FIG. 5 shows the shape of the workpiece used in another example. This work has the surface M 3 + M'4 + M
It consists of three planes: ll. As in the previous example, the point with the symbol S is a detection point set by the touch sensor, and the point with the symbol is a transit point of the tip of the wire when performing a detection operation.

前記例と同様の手順で、第6図の動作開始点6より、テ
ィーチしたセンス方向F、またはF、あるいはF、の方
向にトーチを動かし、点S、から81.の検出点を、点
に6からに、の経由点を経由しなからjllKll上て
行く。面M、上では点S?+5lop”+4を、面M4
上では点s、、813181Bを、面M、上では点”0
1 Sll+ Sl!をというように、各面でそれぞれ
一直線上にない6点の座標がまるので各面の方程式が決
まり、面の交線り、、L、、Lllを計算することがで
きる。また同時[3交線の交点0がまる。
In the same procedure as in the above example, the torch is moved from the operation start point 6 in FIG. 6 in the taught sense direction F, or F, or F, and from point S to 81. From the detection point of 6 to the point 6, go up jllKll via the waypoint of . Point S on surface M? +5lop”+4, surface M4
Above, point s, , 813181B, on surface M, point "0"
1 Sll+ Sl! Since the coordinates of the six points that are not on a straight line on each surface are rounded, the equation for each surface is determined, and the intersection lines of the surfaces, , L, , Lll can be calculated. Also, at the same time [the intersection 0 of the three intersecting lines is circled.

求める溶接線は、交線L6 * L71 L@上の交点
Oを端点とする線分”j* L4e L5であるから、
溶接距離を予めティーチしておけば、溶接線はすべて内
部計算によりめられる。
The desired welding line is a line segment "j* L4e L5 whose end point is the intersection O on the intersection line L6 * L71 L@, so
If the welding distance is taught in advance, all welding lines are determined by internal calculations.

以上の実施例に述べた要領でセンサを用いて、ワークの
面上の点を検出し、溶接線をめることができるから、ワ
ークの位置決めが何れの方向にずれていても、またワー
ク自身の形状が誤差を含んでいても、ポジショニングさ
れたワークの正しい溶接位置を計算し、検出することが
可能になる。
Using a sensor as described in the above embodiments, it is possible to detect points on the surface of the workpiece and set the welding line, so even if the positioning of the workpiece is shifted in any direction, the workpiece itself Even if the shape of the workpiece contains errors, it is possible to calculate and detect the correct welding position of the positioned workpiece.

また本実施例の方法は、従来の補正方法と異なり、ティ
ーチ点を補正するものではないから、補正できる誤差の
種類の制限を受けずに、正確な溶接位置を検出でき、か
つ溶接経路を決定することができる。
Furthermore, unlike conventional correction methods, the method of this embodiment does not correct the teaching point, so it is possible to accurately detect the welding position and determine the welding path without being limited by the types of errors that can be corrected. can do.

したがって本実施例によれば、次のような効果がある。Therefore, according to this embodiment, the following effects are achieved.

(1)溶接するワークの形状が変化し、複数方向にボジ
ショニングのずれを生じている場合でも、正しい溶接位
置および溶接経路を検出できる。
(1) Even if the shape of the work to be welded changes and positioning shifts occur in multiple directions, the correct welding position and welding path can be detected.

(2)複数方向のワークの誤差補正ができるため、ポジ
ショナの位置決め精度が低くてよいので、溶接用外付は
機器の簡略化に役立つ。
(2) Since errors in workpieces in multiple directions can be corrected, the positioning accuracy of the positioner may be low, so external welding is useful for simplifying equipment.

(6)複雑な誤差補正を行ないたい時にも、簡単なティ
ーチングで済む。
(6) Even when you want to perform complicated error correction, simple teaching is enough.

(4)ワークが平面から構成されるものならば、すべて
同一のアルゴリズムで溶接位置の検出ができるので、検
出用ソフトウェアの構造が単純化できる0 (5)正確な溶接位置が検出できるので、溶接部の仕上
がり精度が良くなり、作業の失敗が減少するので作業効
率が向上する。
(4) If the workpiece is made up of flat surfaces, all welding positions can be detected using the same algorithm, so the structure of the detection software can be simplified. (5) Accurate welding positions can be detected, so welding This improves the finishing accuracy of the parts, reduces work errors, and improves work efficiency.

(6)ティーチ時にワークをセンスする必要がないので
、センス時間が短縮できる。
(6) Since there is no need to sense the workpiece during teaching, sensing time can be shortened.

以上説明した本発明によれば、少なくともワークの位置
決め状態を検出し得るセンサを備えた溶接ロボットにお
いて、ワークの形状に関する情報と、ワークの溶接位M
心関する情報をティーチしておき、溶接時にはワークの
形状およびボジショニングの状態をセンサを用いて検出
することにより、溶接すべき位置や溶接経路を言16シ
てめるようにしているので、→−りの形状変化やポジシ
ョニングのずれに対しても、適確に対処し得る著効を有
する。
According to the present invention described above, in a welding robot equipped with a sensor capable of detecting at least the positioning state of a workpiece, information regarding the shape of the workpiece and the welding position M of the workpiece can be obtained.
By teaching relevant information and using sensors to detect the shape and positioning of the workpiece during welding, the welding position and welding route can be determined, so → It is also highly effective in accurately dealing with changes in the shape of the steering wheel and misalignment in positioning.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第1図は溶接ロボットのシステムブロック図、第2図は
溶接ロボットに取り付けたトーチの拡大図、第3図はワ
ークの一例としての水平隅肉形状ワークを示す斜視図、
第4図は第3図に示すワークをセンスする時のセンス動
作説明図、第5図はワ7りの他の一例としての6面から
なるワークを示す斜視図、第6図は第5図に示すワーク
をセンスする時のセンス動作説明図である。 1・・・ロボット本体、2・・・制御装置、6・・・ア
ーク溶接機、4・・・ポジショナ制御装置、5・・・ポ
ジショナ、6・・・トーチ、7・・・センサの制御回路
本体、8゜9・・・磁気センサ、10・・・ワイヤ、S
、〜1.・・・センス点、K1−.・・・センス動作開
始点と経由点、Pl・・・溶接開始点、P、・・・溶接
終了点、M、〜、・・・ワーク表面、L、〜7・・・溶
接線および面の交線、F1〜。 ・・・センス方向 $ 1 図 θ 潴2図 第 4 図
[Brief explanation of the drawings] Figure 1 is a system block diagram of the welding robot, Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the torch attached to the welding robot, and Figure 3 is a perspective view showing a horizontal fillet-shaped workpiece as an example of the workpiece. ,
Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the sensing operation when sensing the workpiece shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing a workpiece consisting of six sides as another example of a wafer, and Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the sensing operation when sensing the workpiece shown in Fig. 3. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of sensing operation when sensing the workpiece shown in FIG. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Robot body, 2... Control device, 6... Arc welding machine, 4... Positioner control device, 5... Positioner, 6... Torch, 7... Sensor control circuit Main body, 8゜9...Magnetic sensor, 10...Wire, S
,~1. ...Sense point, K1-. ...Sense operation start point and transit point, Pl...Welding start point, P, ...Welding end point, M, ~,...Work surface, L, ~7...Welding line and surface Intersection line, F1~. ...Sense direction $ 1 Figure θ Figure 2 Figure 4

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 少なくとも溶接対象であるワークの位置決め状態を検出
し得るセンサを備えた溶接ロボットにおいて、ワークの
形状に関する情報と、ワークの溶接位置に関する情報を
ティーチしておき、溶接時にはワークの形状およびボジ
ショニングの状態をセンサを用いて検出することにより
、溶接すべき位置や溶接経路を計算してめることを特徴
とする溶接ロボットにおける溶接位置および溶接経路の
検出方法。
A welding robot equipped with a sensor capable of detecting at least the positioning state of the workpiece to be welded is taught information about the shape of the workpiece and information about the welding position of the workpiece, and the shape and positioning state of the workpiece are taught at the time of welding. A method for detecting welding positions and welding routes in a welding robot, characterized in that the welding position and welding route are calculated by detecting the welding position and welding route using a sensor.
JP12771983A 1983-07-15 1983-07-15 Detection of welding position and welding route with welding robot Pending JPS6021182A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12771983A JPS6021182A (en) 1983-07-15 1983-07-15 Detection of welding position and welding route with welding robot

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12771983A JPS6021182A (en) 1983-07-15 1983-07-15 Detection of welding position and welding route with welding robot

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6021182A true JPS6021182A (en) 1985-02-02

Family

ID=14967011

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP12771983A Pending JPS6021182A (en) 1983-07-15 1983-07-15 Detection of welding position and welding route with welding robot

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6021182A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008279461A (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Welding method and welding equipment
JP2013035054A (en) * 2011-08-10 2013-02-21 Daihen Corp Welding robot control device
JP2019513557A (en) * 2016-03-28 2019-05-30 アーベーベー・シュバイツ・アーゲー Method, system and apparatus for determining search parameters for weld seam point calibration
JP2021079527A (en) * 2019-11-19 2021-05-27 財團法人資訊工業策進會 Measurement system and method for accuracy of positioning of robot arm

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008279461A (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Welding method and welding equipment
JP2013035054A (en) * 2011-08-10 2013-02-21 Daihen Corp Welding robot control device
JP2019513557A (en) * 2016-03-28 2019-05-30 アーベーベー・シュバイツ・アーゲー Method, system and apparatus for determining search parameters for weld seam point calibration
JP2021079527A (en) * 2019-11-19 2021-05-27 財團法人資訊工業策進會 Measurement system and method for accuracy of positioning of robot arm

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