JPS60202213A - Combustion apparatus for liquid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve combustion efficiency, and to reduce environmental pollution by a discharging gas extremely while remarkably widening the regulating width of the quantity of combustion by mounting a regulator regulating the quantity of fuel evaporated at an approximately predetermined air-fuel ratio by adjusting the flow rate of air introduced into a combustion chamber while fitting an exhaust gas purifying catalyst in a flow path for a combustion exhaust gas discharged from a combustion apparatus section. CONSTITUTION:An exhaust gas purifying catalyst 15 having honeycomb structure is fitted while the flow rate of exhaust gas from a discharging port 16 is changed by adjusting the flow resistance of a gas by a regulator 17, thus controlling the flow rate of air introduced to a combustion chamber 5, then further controlling the quantity of fuel evaporated from the nose section of a wick 1 by the change of the flow rate of air introduced to the combustion chamber. Consequently, an approximately prescribed air-fuel ratio is maintained regardless of the alteration of the quantity of combustion. The combustion chamber 5 is supplied with air by a natural convection based on the heat value of a combustion apparatus, combustion exhaust gas is mixed with fresh air forwarded from air chambers 7, 11 through holes 19, 20 in a mixing chamber 14 and enters into the catalyst 15, and an injurious material is removed or reduced remarkably and discharged to the outside from the discharging port 16.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は石油等の液体燃料の燃焼、触媒、暖房等の分野
にかかる液体燃料燃焼装置に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a liquid fuel combustion apparatus used in the fields of combustion of liquid fuel such as petroleum, catalysts, heating, and the like.

従来例の構成とその問題点 燃焼排ガス流路中に排ガス中の一酸化炭素、アルデヒド
、有機酸等の有害成分を触媒によって浄化することが近
事実用されはじめている。一応の浄化効果を得るために
は燃焼器と触媒の比較的単純な組合せでも或程度の効果
は得られる場合が多いが、より実用価値の高い効果を得
るには、触媒と燃焼の両面から最良の効果を得るだめの
新しい技術を必要とする。しかし、このようなことが実
用に使われ始めてから日が浅く、充分な結合技術を有す
るに至っていなかった。Conventional Structure and Problems It has recently begun to be used to purify harmful components such as carbon monoxide, aldehydes, and organic acids in the exhaust gas using catalysts in the combustion exhaust gas flow path. In order to obtain a certain purification effect, a relatively simple combination of a combustor and a catalyst can often produce some effect, but in order to obtain an effect with higher practical value, it is necessary to obtain the best results from both the catalyst and combustion aspects. New technology is required to achieve this effect. However, it has only been a while since this type of technology was put into practical use, and a sufficient bonding technology has not yet been developed.

従来例の構成は比較的単純に排ガス流路中に触媒を設置
した構成をとっており、充分な浄化効果を得るに至って
いない欠点があった。The conventional configuration has a relatively simple configuration in which a catalyst is installed in the exhaust gas flow path, and has the disadvantage that a sufficient purification effect cannot be obtained.

先づ、浄化効果に関係する触媒の一般的な性質は次の通
υである。First, the general properties of catalysts related to purification effects are as follows.

（１）触媒の浄化能力は触媒および触媒部を通過　′す
る気体温度に強く関連し、高温時に高能力を示し、低温
時は能力が低下し、いわゆる活性化温度以下では全く能
力を発揮し得なくなる。　。(1) The purification ability of a catalyst is strongly related to the catalyst and the temperature of the gas passing through the catalyst section, showing high ability at high temperatures, decreasing ability at low temperatures, and no ability at all below the so-called activation temperature. It disappears. .

（２）触媒には高温側に限界温度を有しており、限界温
度を越えると触媒自体が変質したり、焼結現象を生じて
表面積を減少し、能力が急激に低下することになる。(2) The catalyst has a limit temperature on the high temperature side, and when the limit temperature is exceeded, the catalyst itself deteriorates or undergoes a sintering phenomenon, resulting in a decrease in surface area and a sharp drop in performance.

（３）触媒で浄化する処理気体中の要浄化成分の濃度が
高い程、当該成分の触媒表面への到達率が高くなるので
、浄化率も高い浄化率を示す。(3) The higher the concentration of the component to be purified in the gas to be purified by the catalyst, the higher the rate at which the component reaches the catalyst surface, and therefore the purification rate is also high.

（４）触媒を通過せしめる処理気体の流量が小さい程高
い浄化効果が得られる。(4) The smaller the flow rate of the processing gas passing through the catalyst, the higher the purification effect can be obtained.

次に、浄化効果に関係する燃焼器側の一般的な性質は次
の通りである。Next, the general properties of the combustor related to the purification effect are as follows.

（１）近時、燃焼量を調節し得て、かつ前記調節幅の可
及的に広い燃焼器が望まれている。このような燃焼量可
変型の燃焼器においては、燃焼量を低減せしめた時に排
ガスが悪化し、要浄化成分の量が急激に増大する性質を
有している。(1) Recently, there has been a desire for a combustor that can adjust the amount of combustion and has as wide an adjustment range as possible. Such a variable combustion amount combustor has the property that when the combustion amount is reduced, the exhaust gas deteriorates and the amount of components to be purified increases rapidly.

（２）また、燃焼量を低減せしめた場合に空燃比は大き
く空気過剰側に変化し、このことにより、排ガス温度が
低下し、かつ要浄化成分の濃度が稀薄な状態で触媒部に
至り、触媒部を通過する流量を過剰に増大せしめること
になる。(2) In addition, when the combustion amount is reduced, the air-fuel ratio changes greatly to the side with excess air, which causes the exhaust gas temperature to drop and the concentration of the components to be purified to reach the catalyst part in a diluted state. This results in an excessive increase in the flow rate passing through the catalyst section.

以上のように従来の浄化触媒を備えた燃焼器においては
、一応の浄化効果は得られているとは言えるが、決して
満足な効果が実現しているとも言えず、特に低燃焼量の
時の要浄化成分の量が増大する場面での浄化効果の大幅
な改善が望まれていた。As mentioned above, it can be said that a combustor equipped with a conventional purification catalyst has a purification effect to some extent, but it cannot be said that a satisfactory effect has been achieved, especially when the combustion amount is low. It has been desired to significantly improve the purification effect in situations where the amount of components requiring purification increases.

発明の目的 本発明の目的、燃焼効率が高く、排出ガスによる環境汚
染の極めて少ない、その上燃焼量の調節１１］が著るし
く大なる実用上至便な液体燃料燃焼装置を提供すること
にある。Purpose of the Invention The purpose of the present invention is to provide a practically convenient liquid fuel combustion device that has high combustion efficiency, extremely little environmental pollution due to exhaust gases, and has significantly greater control over the amount of combustion. .

発明の構成 本発明の構成は燃焼室に導入する空気流量を調節するこ
とによって燃料気化量をはソ一定空燃比に燃料気化量を
調節する調節器を備える燃焼器部と、この燃焼器部から
排出する燃焼排ガス流路に排ガス浄化触媒を備えること
を特徴とするものである。Structure of the Invention The structure of the present invention includes a combustor section including a regulator that adjusts the amount of fuel vaporization to a constant air-fuel ratio by adjusting the flow rate of air introduced into the combustion chamber; The present invention is characterized in that an exhaust gas purification catalyst is provided in the flow path of the combustion exhaust gas to be discharged.

実施例の説明 第１図は本発明の実施例の縦断面図である。この実施例
は直線状の灯芯を有する石油燃焼器であるが、灯芯の長
手方向に直角な断面で示したものが第１図である。１は
灯芯、２は燃料タンク、３は芯案内具、４はパツキンで
燃料タンク２と芯案内具３の結合部を液密に密閉してい
る。６は燃焼室、６は多数の小孔（図示せず）を有し、
かつ燃焼室を構成する後燃焼板、７は空気室Ａ、８は後
外板、９は燃焼室６を構成する前燃焼板で、外側の空気
室Ｂ１０に面する下部には多数の小気孔（図示せず）を
、同じく空気室Ｂ１０の上側に位置する空気室Ｃ１１に
面する上部には前述の気孔よりも大きな多数の気孔（図
示せず）が設けられている。１２はガラス板で燃焼時赤
熱した前燃焼板９の輻射エネルギーを透過せしめて外部
に供給する。１３は前外板、１４は混合室、１６はハニ
カム状の構造をなす排ガス浄化触媒、１６は排ガスの排
出口、１７は一端部１７ａを支点に開閉し、排出口１６
の開閉度を調節する調節器である。図中の矢印→は燃焼
時の空気の流れを示し、矢印は燃焼排ガスの流れを示し
ている。１８は空気量１０と１１を連通ずる孔、１９は
空気室７，１１の空気を燃焼室６の上部に案内する孔２
ｏは孔１９に通じて空気室７，１１の空気を混合室１４
に案内する孔で、前記孔１９より小さい。DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is an oil combustor having a straight wick, and FIG. 1 shows a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wick. 1 is a lamp wick, 2 is a fuel tank, 3 is a wick guide, and 4 is a gasket which liquid-tightly seals the joint between the fuel tank 2 and the wick guide 3. 6 is a combustion chamber, 6 has a large number of small holes (not shown),
and a post-combustion plate that constitutes the combustion chamber; 7 is an air chamber A; 8 is a rear outer plate; 9 is a pre-combustion plate that constitutes the combustion chamber 6; the lower part facing the outer air chamber B10 has many small pores; A large number of pores (not shown) larger than the aforementioned pores are provided in the upper part facing the air chamber C11, which is also located above the air chamber B10. A glass plate 12 transmits the radiant energy of the pre-combustion plate 9, which becomes red hot during combustion, and supplies it to the outside. 13 is a front outer plate, 14 is a mixing chamber, 16 is an exhaust gas purification catalyst having a honeycomb-like structure, 16 is an exhaust gas exhaust port, 17 is opened and closed using one end 17a as a fulcrum;
This is a regulator that adjusts the degree of opening and closing. The arrow → in the figure indicates the flow of air during combustion, and the arrow indicates the flow of combustion exhaust gas. 18 is a hole that communicates the air quantities 10 and 11; 19 is a hole 2 that guides the air in the air chambers 7 and 11 to the upper part of the combustion chamber 6;
o communicates with the hole 19 to transfer the air from the air chambers 7 and 11 to the mixing chamber 14.
This hole is smaller than the hole 19.

この実施例の燃焼に際しての動作状況を説明すると次の
通りである。The operating conditions during combustion in this embodiment will be explained as follows.

灯芯１は燃料タンク２の燃料を液状のま＼先端部に吸上
げ、この部分に図示されない点火器で点火されることに
よって燃焼が開始される。点火後燃焼量は増大して数分
ではソ定常状態に入る。この燃焼器においては灯芯１の
先端部に含有する液体状態の燃料の気化はこの燃焼器の
燃焼によって得られる熱の一部によって行なわれ、第１
図の矢印で示す空気の燃焼室６への供給は同じくこの燃
焼器の燃焼熱にもとづく自然対流によって供給される。The lamp wick 1 sucks up liquid fuel from the fuel tank 2 to its tip, and combustion is started by igniting this portion with an igniter (not shown). After ignition, the amount of combustion increases and reaches a steady state within a few minutes. In this combustor, the liquid fuel contained in the tip of the wick 1 is vaporized using a part of the heat obtained by combustion in the combustor.
Air is supplied to the combustion chamber 6, as indicated by the arrow in the figure, by natural convection based on the combustion heat of this combustor.

燃焼排ガスは混合室１４で孔１９．２０を介して空気室
７，１１から送られる新たな空気と混合して触媒１６に
入り有害物質を除去あるいは著るしく減少して排出口１
６から外部に排出される。The combustion exhaust gas mixes in the mixing chamber 14 with fresh air sent from the air chambers 7, 11 through the holes 19, 20, enters the catalyst 16, removes or significantly reduces harmful substances, and passes through the outlet 1.
6 and is discharged to the outside.

調節器１７は気体の流動抵抗を調節して排出口１６の排
ガス流量を変化せしめることにより、燃焼室６へ導入す
る空気流量を制御し、加えて燃焼室へ導入する空気流量
の変化によって灯芯１の先端部から気化される燃料気化
量を制御する機能を有しており、燃焼量の変化に関わら
すはソ一定の空燃比を維持する特長を有している。The regulator 17 controls the flow rate of air introduced into the combustion chamber 6 by adjusting the gas flow resistance and changing the flow rate of exhaust gas at the exhaust port 16. In addition, the regulator 17 controls the flow rate of air introduced into the combustion chamber 6 by changing the flow rate of air introduced into the combustion chamber. It has the function of controlling the amount of fuel vaporized from the tip of the fuel tank, and has the feature of maintaining a constant air-fuel ratio regardless of changes in the amount of combustion.

第２図に従来例の場合、第３図に本発明実施例の場合に
ついて、いづれも触媒上流側の排ガス温度（Ａ線）、触
媒上流側の排ガス中のＣＯ／ＣＯ２濃度（Ｂ線）、触媒
下流側の排ガス中のＣＯ／ＣＯ２濃度（Ｃ線）を示した
。なお、触媒温度は上記Ａ線と極めて近似するので省略
した。特に本発明実施例の第３図に示すものは第２図の
従来例に比して著るしく高い浄化効果を示しており、−
例として燃焼量１２００　Ｋｃａ　ｌ／ｈ時の浄化効果
を見ると、従来例の場合６６．４％に対して実施例では
８１．６チの高率を示している。また、同じ１２００Ｋ
ｃａｄ／ｈの時の外部への排ガス（触媒下流側の排ガス
）のＣＯ／ＣＯ２濃度は従来例２４０Ｘ１０−５．実施
例２５×１Ｃｒ５と大差を示している・ 従来のこの種燃焼器の燃焼量の調節は灯芯高さを変化さ
せることによって行なわれていた。つ１す、灯芯先端部
の燃焼室への突出部の表面積を変化せしめて灯芯先端部
が受ける熱量を変化せしめることによって燃料気化量を
制御していたと言える。この場合燃料と空気の比率は燃
焼量の変化によって変動し、燃焼量小なるとき空気比が
増大し、燃焼量大なるとき空気比が減少する性質を示す
。FIG. 2 shows the conventional example, and FIG. 3 shows the example of the present invention. In both cases, the temperature of the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the catalyst (line A), the concentration of CO/CO2 in the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the catalyst (line B), The CO/CO2 concentration (line C) in the exhaust gas on the downstream side of the catalyst is shown. Note that the catalyst temperature is omitted because it is very similar to the above line A. In particular, the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3 shows a significantly higher purification effect than the conventional example shown in FIG.
As an example, looking at the purification effect when the combustion amount is 1200 Kcal/h, the ratio is 66.4% in the conventional example, while the embodiment shows a high rate of 81.6%. Also, the same 1200K
cad/h, the CO/CO2 concentration of the exhaust gas to the outside (exhaust gas on the downstream side of the catalyst) is 240×10-5. This shows a large difference from Example 25×1Cr5. The combustion amount of conventional combustors of this type was adjusted by changing the wick height. First, it can be said that the amount of fuel vaporized was controlled by changing the surface area of the protrusion of the tip of the wick into the combustion chamber, thereby changing the amount of heat received by the tip of the wick. In this case, the ratio of fuel to air varies depending on the change in combustion amount, and exhibits the property that when the combustion amount is small, the air ratio increases, and when the combustion amount is large, the air ratio decreases.

当然、燃焼量の調節幅の全ての範囲で空気不足を生じな
いことが先づ必要になるので、最大燃焼量の時に充分必
要空気量を満たすように設計されるのが常である。そし
て一方、低燃焼量の時の空気量は必然的に過剰な量が供
給され、燃焼状態が悪化して一酸化炭素等の要浄化成分
の量が著るしく増大する性質を有していた。Naturally, it is first necessary that no air shortage occurs in the entire range of adjustment of the combustion amount, so the design is usually such that the required air amount is sufficiently satisfied at the maximum combustion amount. On the other hand, when the amount of combustion is low, an excessive amount of air is inevitably supplied, which deteriorates the combustion condition and significantly increases the amount of components that need to be purified, such as carbon monoxide. .

このような従来例の燃焼器に浄化触媒を設置した場合は
、特に要浄化成分の量が増大する低燃焼量の時に次のよ
うな不都合が生ずる。When a purification catalyst is installed in such a conventional combustor, the following disadvantages occur particularly when the amount of combustion is low and the amount of components to be purified increases.

（１）低燃焼量の時の過剰な空気により排ガス温度なら
びに触媒温度は望ましい温度から著るしく低下する。(1) Excess air at low combustion rates causes the exhaust gas temperature and catalyst temperature to drop significantly from the desired temperature.

（２）低燃焼量の時の過剰な空気により要浄化成分を著
るしく稀薄化し、触媒の浄化能力の発揮し難い条件を与
えている。(2) Excess air when the amount of combustion is low significantly dilutes the components to be purified, creating conditions that make it difficult for the catalyst to demonstrate its purifying ability.

（３）低燃焼量の時の過剰な空気により、触媒ケ通過す
る処理気体の流量を増大することにより、処理気体の触
媒部通過時間を短縮し、触媒の浄化能力の発揮しにくい
条件を与えている。(3) Excess air at low combustion levels increases the flow rate of the process gas passing through the catalyst, shortens the time the process gas passes through the catalyst, and creates conditions that make it difficult for the catalyst to demonstrate its purifying ability. ing.

一方、本発明の燃焼器においては燃焼量の変化に関らず
はシ一定の空燃比を維持する特長を有しており、従って
排ガス温度、触媒温度は燃焼量の変化に関わらすはソ一
定であり、要浄化成分の過剰な稀薄化も発生せず、さら
に過剰な流量の増大。On the other hand, the combustor of the present invention has the feature of maintaining a constant air-fuel ratio regardless of changes in the combustion amount, so the exhaust gas temperature and catalyst temperature remain constant regardless of changes in the combustion amount. Therefore, there is no excessive dilution of the components that need to be purified, and there is no excessive increase in flow rate.

触媒部通過時間の短縮化も生じない。There is no reduction in the time required for passage through the catalyst section.

即ち、高燃焼量の場合に比較して低燃焼量の場合に生ず
る浄化効果に関わる現象は排ガス量の減゛　少による流
量減少のみであり、 これは浄化効果を増大する性質の現象であり、触媒の性
質を燃焼量の性質との極めて好ましい結合が実現してい
ると言える。In other words, the only phenomenon related to the purification effect that occurs in the case of a low combustion amount compared to the case of a high combustion amount is a decrease in the flow rate due to a decrease in the amount of exhaust gas, and this is a phenomenon that increases the purification effect. It can be said that an extremely favorable combination of the properties of the catalyst and the properties of the amount of combustion has been achieved.

なお、第１図には燃焼排ガス排出通路に気体流通抵抗を
変化せしめる調節器を備えた実施例を示したが、これと
同様の調節器を燃焼用空気取入通路中に設けることも有
効であり、本発明の本質を損なうことな〈実施し得るも
のである。Although Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which the combustion exhaust gas exhaust passage is equipped with a regulator that changes the gas flow resistance, it is also effective to provide a similar regulator in the combustion air intake passage. However, it is possible to implement the invention without detracting from the essence of the invention.

発明の効果 上記のように、本発明は燃焼効率が高く排ガスによる環
境汚染の極めて少々い、かつ燃焼量の調節幅の著るしく
大なる液体燃料燃焼装置を提供するもので、実用上の価
値は極めて大きい。Effects of the Invention As described above, the present invention provides a liquid fuel combustion device that has high combustion efficiency, causes very little environmental pollution due to exhaust gas, and has a significantly wide adjustment range of combustion amount, and has great practical value. is extremely large.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明実施例の縦断面図、第２図は従来例の排
ガス特性図、第３図は本発明の実施例の排ガス特性図で
ある。 １・・・・・・幻芯、６・・・・・・燃焼室、１４・・
・・・・混合室、１６・・・・・・排ガス浄化触媒、１
６・・・・・排出口、１７・・・・・・燃焼量の調節器
。 代理人の氏名　弁理士　中　尾　敏　男　ほか１名第　
１　図 爽ζ区横−FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an exhaust gas characteristic diagram of a conventional example, and FIG. 3 is an exhaust gas characteristic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. 1... Phantom core, 6... Combustion chamber, 14...
...Mixing chamber, 16...Exhaust gas purification catalyst, 1
6... Discharge port, 17... Combustion amount regulator. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person
1 Next to the map Sou ζ Ward

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 （１）燃焼室に導入する空気流量を調節することによっ
て燃料気化量をはソ一定空燃比に調節する調節器と、こ
の調節器によって燃焼量を調節すると共に燃焼排ガス流
路中に、燃焼排ガスにて加熱される構成に設置され、か
つ排ガス中の有害物質を浄化する触媒とを備えた液体燃
料燃焼装置。 （３）燃焼排ガス排出通路または燃焼用空気取入通路中
に気体流通抵抗可変の調節器を備えた特許請求の範囲第
１項記載の液体燃料燃焼装置。[Scope of Claims] (1) A regulator that adjusts the amount of fuel vaporized to a constant air-fuel ratio by adjusting the flow rate of air introduced into the combustion chamber, and a regulator that adjusts the amount of combustion and the flow of combustion exhaust gas. A liquid fuel combustion device installed in a roadway in a configuration to be heated by combustion exhaust gas, and equipped with a catalyst for purifying harmful substances in the exhaust gas. (3) The liquid fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a variable gas flow resistance regulator in the combustion exhaust gas discharge passage or the combustion air intake passage.