JPS6018775A - Internal abnormality detector for gas insulated electric equipment - Google Patents
Internal abnormality detector for gas insulated electric equipmentInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6018775A JPS6018775A JP58127460A JP12746083A JPS6018775A JP S6018775 A JPS6018775 A JP S6018775A JP 58127460 A JP58127460 A JP 58127460A JP 12746083 A JP12746083 A JP 12746083A JP S6018775 A JPS6018775 A JP S6018775A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- liquid
- internal abnormality
- ion
- insulated electrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)
- Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は絶縁ガスを封入したガス絶縁箱１気機器の内
部異常を検出する装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for detecting an internal abnormality in a gas insulating box filled with insulating gas.
変圧器、開閉装置等の種々な電気機器において絶縁媒体
として例えば六弗化硫黄（ＳＦｓ ）ガスの如き絶縁ガ
スを封入することが従来性なわ（９，Ｘ
れている。It has been conventional practice to fill in insulating gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SFs) gas as an insulating medium in various electrical equipment such as transformers and switchgears (9,X).
ところでかかるガス絶縁電気−器内部においてコロナ放
電やアーク放電などの異常があると１絶縁ガスが分解す
る。例えばＳＦ６ガスを封入した電気機器においては、
ＳＦ、分解ガスとしてＳＦ、。However, if an abnormality such as corona discharge or arc discharge occurs inside such a gas-insulated electric appliance, the insulating gas decomposes. For example, in electrical equipment filled with SF6 gas,
SF, SF as cracked gas.
ＳＯＦ、あるいはＨＦなどのガスが発生する。ＳＦ、ガ
スは水分（電気機器の絶縁物表面あるいは電気機器内壁
の塗膜等に含まれる水分がガス状媒体中に拡散するなど
したもの）の存在下に下の式で示すように加水分解を起
こし、最終的にＳＯ！ガスやＨＦガスが生成する。Gas such as SOF or HF is generated. SF, gas undergoes hydrolysis as shown in the formula below in the presence of moisture (moisture contained in the surface of insulators of electrical equipment or coatings on the inner walls of electrical equipment, etc., diffused into a gaseous medium). Wake up and finally SO! Gas and HF gas are generated.
ＳＦ、＋Ｈ，Ｏ→ ＳＯＦ ２ ＋２ ＨｙＳＯＦ２−
１−Ｈ，Ｏ→ Ｓｏ２＋２ＨＦ従来は、ガス絶縁電気機
器の内部異常を検出するのに、電気機器内のガスを採取
し、ガスクロマトグラフを使用して前記ガス中の内部異
常時に発生するガス成分を測定するのが一般的である。SF, +H,O→ SOF 2 +2 HySOF2−
1-H, O→ So2+2HF Conventionally, to detect internal abnormalities in gas-insulated electrical equipment, the gas inside the electrical equipment was sampled and a gas chromatograph was used to detect the gas components in the gas that would be generated during the internal abnormality. It is common to measure
しかるにこの方法によれば、電気機器内のガスを減圧容
器に一担採取し、これを実験室に持チ帰ってガスクロマ
トグラフにかける必要があるため作業性が悪く、かつガ
スクロマトグラフを必要とするため装置が大がかりにな
る欠点があった。However, according to this method, it is necessary to sample the gas inside the electrical equipment into a vacuum container, take it back to the laboratory, and apply it to a gas chromatograph, which is difficult to work with and requires a gas chromatograph. Therefore, there was a drawback that the equipment became large-scale.
この発明は上記のような従来のものの欠点を除去するた
めになされたもので、内部異常時に生成する分解ガスを
液体に接触させることによってイオン化し、これを定ｍ
ｌすることにより、極く簡単な装置で容易に内部異常を
検出しうるガス絶縁電気機器の内部異常検出装置を提供
することを目的とする。This invention was made in order to eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional ones as described above, and it ionizes the decomposed gas generated when an internal abnormality occurs by bringing it into contact with a liquid, and ionizes it at a constant rate.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an internal abnormality detection device for gas-insulated electrical equipment that can easily detect internal abnormalities with an extremely simple device.
以下、この発明を第１図に示した実施例について説明す
る。第１図において、（１）はガス封入電気機器（図示
せず）に接続された試料ガス導入口で、これはガス封入
電気機器に常時接続しておくことができる。本実施例で
は絶縁ガスとしてＳＦ、ガスを使用しているものとする
。（２）はガス封入電気機器の内部異常時にＳＦ、ガス
の分解ガスとして生成されるＳＯ，やＨＦを解離してイ
オン化させる液体（３）を収容する容器、（４）は後述
する試料ガスの循環流路と試料ガス導入との切換用の三
方弁、（ωは容器（２）に収容された液体（３）中に試
料ガスを導入する送気ポンプ、（６）は前記液体（３）
！に試料ガスをバブリングさせる散気部材、（′７）
は空気導入口、（８）は空気導入と試料ガス循環流路と
を切換える三方弁、（９）は空気排出口・（１０）は空
気排出と試料ガス循環流路とを切換える三方弁、（１１
）は伸縮自在なガス溜め、（１２）は液体（３）を容器
（２）に導入する液体導入口・ （１３）は液体導入口
（１２）に設けられた開閉弁５（１４）は液体（３）を
容器（２）から排出する液体排出口、（１５）は液体（
３）の導入と排出を切換える三方弁、（１６）は容器（
２）内の液体（３）中に挿入されたイオン定量装置、（
１７）はイオン定量袋！（１６）の出力を記録する記録
装置である。三方弁（４）、送気ポンプ（５）、散気部
材（６）、容器（２）、ガス溜め（１１）および三方弁
（１０’） 、 （８）は上述した試料ガス循環流路を
形成する。The embodiment of this invention shown in FIG. 1 will be described below. In FIG. 1, (1) is a sample gas inlet connected to a gas-filled electric device (not shown), which can be constantly connected to the gas-filled electric device. In this embodiment, it is assumed that SF gas is used as the insulating gas. (2) is a container that contains a liquid (3) that dissociates and ionizes SF, SO, and HF that are generated as gas decomposition gases when there is an internal abnormality in gas-filled electrical equipment; A three-way valve for switching between the circulation channel and sample gas introduction, (ω is an air supply pump that introduces the sample gas into the liquid (3) contained in the container (2), and (6) is the liquid (3)
! Diffusion member for bubbling sample gas, ('7)
is an air inlet, (8) is a three-way valve that switches between air introduction and the sample gas circulation channel, (9) is an air outlet, and (10) is a three-way valve that switches between air discharge and the sample gas circulation channel. 11
) is an expandable gas reservoir, (12) is a liquid inlet for introducing the liquid (3) into the container (2), and (13) is an on-off valve 5 (14) provided at the liquid inlet (12) for introducing the liquid (3) into the container (2). (3) is a liquid outlet for discharging the liquid (15) from the container (2);
3) is a three-way valve that switches the introduction and discharge of the container (16).
2) an ion quantitative device inserted into the liquid (3) in (
17) Ion quantitative bag! This is a recording device that records the output of (16). The three-way valve (4), the air pump (5), the air diffuser (6), the container (2), the gas reservoir (11), and the three-way valve (10') (8) connect the sample gas circulation flow path described above. Form.
次に動作について説明する。まず、試料ガスおよび液体
（３）の導入に先立って前記試料ガス循環流路を清浄空
気に置換する。そのために、三方弁（８） 、 （１０
）をそれぞれ空気導入口（７）、空気排出口（９）に切
換え、三方弁（滲を試料ガス循環流路に切換え・ガス溜
め（１１）を縮少させた後、送気ポンプ（５）を動作さ
せ、空気導入口（７）から清浄な空気を導入して、三方
弁（４）、送気ポンプ（５）、散気部材（６）、液体の
充填されていない容器（２）、ガス溜め（１１）を経由
して空気排出口（９）から外部へ排出させる。この操作
は試料ガス循環流路が清浄空気で完全に置換されるまで
行なう。次いで、三方弁（８）を試料ガス循環流路に切
換え、開閉弁（１３）を開き、三方弁（１５）を開閉弁
（１３）の方に切換えて、一定量の液体（３）を容器（
２）内に導入し、開閉弁（１３）を閉じる。また、三方
弁（１０）を試料ガス循環流路に切換えて試料ガス循環
流路を完成し、送気ポンプ（５）で散気部材（６）、容
器（２）中の液体、ガス溜め（ＩＩ）、三方弁（１０）
、 （８） 、 （４）の順番で空気を循環させなが
ら液体（３）中のＦ−イオンの初期濃度をイオン定置装
置（１６）で測定する。Next, the operation will be explained. First, before introducing the sample gas and liquid (3), the sample gas circulation channel is replaced with clean air. For that purpose, three-way valves (8), (10
) to the air inlet (7) and air outlet (9) respectively, and after switching the three-way valve (sweeping) to the sample gas circulation flow path and reducing the gas reservoir (11), open the air supply pump (5). is operated, clean air is introduced from the air inlet (7), and the three-way valve (4), the air pump (5), the air diffuser (6), the container not filled with liquid (2), The sample gas is discharged to the outside from the air outlet (9) via the gas reservoir (11).This operation is performed until the sample gas circulation channel is completely replaced with clean air.Next, the three-way valve (8) is Switch to the gas circulation flow path, open the on-off valve (13), switch the three-way valve (15) to the on-off valve (13), and pour a certain amount of liquid (3) into the container (
2) and close the on-off valve (13). In addition, the three-way valve (10) is switched to the sample gas circulation channel to complete the sample gas circulation channel, and the air supply pump (5) is used to move the aeration member (6), the liquid in the container (2), and the gas reservoir ( II), three-way valve (10)
, (8), and (4) while circulating air in the order of measuring the initial concentration of F- ions in the liquid (3) using the ion emplacement device (16).
次に三方弁（４）を試料ガス導入口（１１）に切換え、
送気ポンプ（５）で試料ガスを吸引すると共にガス溜め
（１１）を伸長させて一定量の試料ガスを採取したあと
三方弁（４）を再び試料ガス循環流路に切換えて試料ガ
スを試料ガス循環流路を通して循環させる。このとき、
吸引した試料ガス中に１ガス絶縁電気機器の内部異常で
生成されるＨＦガスが存在すると、このガスが液体（３
）に溶解し、解離してイオン化されＦ−イオンを生じる
。循環時間の経過と共に液体（３）中のＦ−イオン濃度
は増大し平衡に達する。ここでＦ″′イオン濃度を再び
イオン定量装置（１６）で測定し１初期濃度に比べて増
大したイオン濃度からガス絶縁電気機器内の内部異常の
有無を判定する。Next, switch the three-way valve (4) to the sample gas inlet (11),
After sucking the sample gas with the air supply pump (5) and extending the gas reservoir (11) to collect a certain amount of sample gas, the three-way valve (4) is switched again to the sample gas circulation flow path to transfer the sample gas to the sample. Circulate through the gas circulation channel. At this time,
If HF gas generated due to an internal abnormality in gas-insulated electrical equipment is present in the aspirated sample gas, this gas will turn into a liquid (3).
), dissociates and ionizes to produce F- ions. As the circulation time progresses, the F- ion concentration in the liquid (3) increases and reaches equilibrium. Here, the F″′ ion concentration is measured again by the ion quantitative device (16), and it is determined whether there is an internal abnormality in the gas-insulated electrical equipment based on the ion concentration that has increased compared to the initial concentration.
上記実施例ではＨＦガスか解離して生じるＦ−イオンを
定量しているがその場合にはイオン定量装置（１６）と
してＦ−イオン濃度計を使用しうる。また、Ｈ１ｌ’ガ
スの解離によってＨ＋イオンも生じるのでＦ−イオンの
定量に代えてＰＨメータでＨ＋イオンの濃度を測定して
も良い。ガス絶縁電気機器の内部異常によってＨＦガス
の他にｓｏ２ガスも生じ、これは液体（３）中で
３８ｏ ＊ ＋２ Ｈｔｏ→Ｈ２８２０４＋Ｈ２８０４
Ｈ！Ｓ、Ｏ，→Ｓ −１−Ｈ，Ｓｏ。In the above embodiment, F- ions generated by dissociation of HF gas are quantified, but in that case, an F- ion concentration meter may be used as the ion quantification device (16). Furthermore, since H+ ions are also generated by the dissociation of H1l' gas, the concentration of H+ ions may be measured using a PH meter instead of quantifying F- ions. Due to an internal abnormality in gas-insulated electrical equipment, SO2 gas is also generated in addition to HF gas, which is 38o * +2 Hto→H28204+H2804 in liquid (3).
H! S, O, → S −1-H, So.
Ｈ２ＳＯ，→２Ｈ＋ＳＯ，−
のよっにＨイオンと５０４−イオンに解離するので、Ｐ
Ｈメータを使用すれば、ＨＦガスおよびＳＯ，ガスから
生じるＨ＋イオンを合わせて測定することになる。Ｆ−
イオ／とＨイオンのように異なるイオンを定量するイオ
ン濃度計を複数使用すれば測定精度を向上させることが
できる。また、内部異常により生成されるＨＦ 、 Ｓ
Ｏ２の如き分解生成ガスが上述のように液体（３）中で
イオン化されることから、イオン定量装置として電気伝
導計を使用することもできる。H2SO,→2H+SO,- dissociates into H ions and 504- ions, so P
If an H meter is used, HF gas, SO, and H+ ions generated from the gas will be measured together. F-
The measurement accuracy can be improved by using a plurality of ion concentration meters that quantify different ions such as io/ and H ions. In addition, HF and S generated due to internal abnormalities
Since the decomposition product gas such as O2 is ionized in the liquid (3) as described above, an electrical conductivity meter can also be used as an ion quantitative device.
液体（３）としては内部異常により生成されるガスと接
触してこれを解離してイオン化させるものであればどの
ようなものも使用することができ、一般的には純水を使
用することかできる。As the liquid (3), any liquid can be used as long as it comes into contact with the gas generated by the internal abnormality and dissociates and ionizes it; generally, pure water is used. can.
純水を使用すれば、初期イオン濃度の測定は省略しても
良い。また、絶縁ガスがＳＦ３である場合には、その分
解生成ガスであるＳｏ、がカセイソーダの如き弱アルカ
リ性水溶液に吸収されやすいことから、液体（３）とし
て弱アルカリ性水溶液を使用し、ＰＨメータでＨ＋イオ
ン濃度を測定すれば良い。If pure water is used, the measurement of the initial ion concentration may be omitted. In addition, when the insulating gas is SF3, its decomposed gas So is easily absorbed by a weakly alkaline aqueous solution such as caustic soda, so a weakly alkaline aqueous solution is used as the liquid (3), and a PH meter is used to measure H + All you need to do is measure the ion concentration.
更に、上述したように試料ガスを散気部材（６）によっ
てバブリングするなどして液体（３）を通して循環させ
れば、試料ガス中の分解生成ガスが液体（３）に良く吸
収されるため、測定精度が向上する。Furthermore, as described above, if the sample gas is circulated through the liquid (3) by bubbling it with the aeration member (6), etc., the gas produced by decomposition in the sample gas is well absorbed by the liquid (3). Measurement accuracy is improved.
変圧器などのガス絶縁電気機器にはＳ］ｌｒ６の如き絶
縁ガスと共に冷却媒体として０＠Ｆ、、Ｏの如き不活性
液体が封入されていることもあり、これは一部気化して
変圧器内に絶縁ガスと併存するが、その場合にもこの発
明は等しく適用しうるものである。In gas-insulated electrical equipment such as transformers, an inert liquid such as 0@F, O is sometimes sealed as a cooling medium along with an insulating gas such as S]lr6, and some of this evaporates and cools the transformer. However, the present invention is equally applicable to this case as well.
以上の如く、この発明によれば、ガス絶縁電気機器の内
部異常により生成されるガスを液体と接触させて解離、
イオン化させ、これを定量（９）
するようにしたので従来のようにガスクロマトグラフを
必要とせす、装置全体が簡素化される。As described above, according to the present invention, gas generated due to an internal abnormality in a gas-insulated electric device is brought into contact with a liquid and dissociated.
Since ionization is carried out and quantification (9) is performed, the entire apparatus, which requires a gas chromatograph as in the past, is simplified.
また、この発明の装置をガス絶縁電気機器に直結してお
けは、従来のように減圧容器で試料ガスを採取する手間
も不要となり作業性も良くなる。勿論、このように直結
しなくても良く、その場合には従来と同様減圧容器等で
試料ガスを一担採取し、それをこの発明の装置に導入す
れば良い。Further, by directly connecting the device of the present invention to gas-insulated electrical equipment, there is no need to take the time and effort of collecting sample gas in a vacuum container as in the past, and the work efficiency is improved. Of course, such a direct connection is not required; in that case, the sample gas may be sampled in a vacuum container or the like and introduced into the apparatus of the present invention as in the conventional case.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例を概略的に示す図であり、
図中（１）は試料ガス導入口、（２）は容器、（３）は
液体、（１６）はイオン定態装置である。
代理人 弁理士 大 岩 増 雄
（１０）
第 １ 図
１１
手続補正書（自発）
昭和 ５％１２月２６Ｈ
２、発明の名称
ガス絶縁電気機器の内部異常検出装置
３、補正をする者
事件との関係 特許出願人
住 所 東京都千代田区丸の内二丁目２番３号名 称
（６０１，）三菱電機株式会社代表者片山仁八部
４、代理人
５、補正の対象
明細書の「発明の詳細な説明」の欄
６、補正の内容
（１）明細書中梁７頁第１打の「試料ガス導入口（１１
）Ｊを「試料ガス導入口（１）」と訂正−９る。
以 上
（２）FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of the present invention,
In the figure, (1) is a sample gas inlet, (2) is a container, (3) is a liquid, and (16) is an ion stabilization device. Agent Patent Attorney Masuo Oiwa (10) No. 1 Figure 11 Procedural Amendment (Spontaneous) Showa 5% December 26th 2. Title of Invention: Internal Abnormality Detection Device for Gas-Insulated Electrical Equipment 3. Related Patent Applicant Address 2-2-3 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Name
(601,) Mitsubishi Electric Co., Ltd. Representative Hitoshi Katayama 4, Agent 5, "Detailed Description of the Invention" column 6 of the specification subject to amendment, Contents of the amendment (1) Beam page 7 of the specification 1 stroke sample gas inlet (11
) Correct J to "sample gas inlet (1)" -9. Above (2)
Claims (1)
検出する装置において１前記ガス絶縁電気機器の内部異
常によって生成されるガスと接触してこれを解離してイ
オン化させる液体を収容する容器、前記ガス絶縁電気機
器内のガスを前記容器内に導入する導入装置、および前
記液体内の前記イオンを定量するイオン定量装置を備え
たことを特徴とするガス絶縁電気機器の内部異常検出装
置。 ２、導入装置はポンプと容器とを含む循環流路を構成し
、ガス絶縁電気機器から導出したガスを前記容器内の液
体を通して循環させるようにした特許請求の範囲第１項
記載のガス絶縁電気機器の内部異常検出装置。 ３、 液体が純水である特許請求の範囲第１項記載のガ
ス絶縁電気機器の内部異常検出装置。 （１） ４、 絶縁ガスが六弗化硫黄である場合において、液体
が弱アルカリ性水溶液である特許請求の範囲第１項記載
のガス絶縁電気機器の内部異常検出装置。 ５ イオン定量装置がイオン濃度計である特許請求の範
囲第１項記載のガス絶縁電気機器の内部異常検出袋＠。 ６ イオン定量装置が電気伝導計である特許請求の範囲
第１項記載のガス絶＠電気機器の内部異常検出装置。 ７、 イオン定量装置を蝮数個設けてそれぞれ異種のイ
オンを定量するようにした特許請求の範囲第１項記載の
ガス絶縁電気機器の内部異常検出装置。[Claims] 1. In an apparatus for detecting an internal abnormality in a gas-insulated electrical device filled with an insulating gas, 1. Contact with the gas generated due to an internal abnormality in the gas-insulated electrical device to dissociate and ionize the gas. A gas insulated electrical device characterized by comprising a container for containing a liquid, an introduction device for introducing the gas in the gas insulated electrical device into the container, and an ion quantification device for quantifying the ions in the liquid. Internal abnormality detection device. 2. The gas insulated electric device according to claim 1, wherein the introduction device constitutes a circulation flow path including a pump and a container, and the gas led out from the gas insulated electric device is circulated through the liquid in the container. Equipment internal abnormality detection device. 3. The internal abnormality detection device for gas-insulated electrical equipment according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is pure water. (1) 4. The internal abnormality detection device for gas-insulated electrical equipment according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is a weakly alkaline aqueous solution when the insulating gas is sulfur hexafluoride. 5. An internal abnormality detection bag for gas-insulated electrical equipment according to claim 1, wherein the ion quantitative device is an ion concentration meter. 6. The internal abnormality detection device for gas-free electric equipment according to claim 1, wherein the ion quantitative device is an electrical conductivity meter. 7. An internal abnormality detection device for gas-insulated electrical equipment according to claim 1, wherein several ion quantitative devices are provided to quantify different types of ions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58127460A JPS6018775A (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1983-07-11 | Internal abnormality detector for gas insulated electric equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58127460A JPS6018775A (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1983-07-11 | Internal abnormality detector for gas insulated electric equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6018775A true JPS6018775A (en) | 1985-01-30 |
| JPH0465349B2 JPH0465349B2 (en) | 1992-10-19 |
Family
ID=14960471
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58127460A Granted JPS6018775A (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1983-07-11 | Internal abnormality detector for gas insulated electric equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6018775A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4736598A (en) * | 1986-03-25 | 1988-04-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Outdoor unit of air conditioner |
| JPH01203982A (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1989-08-16 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Detecting device for combustible gas in oil |
| US5465699A (en) * | 1993-06-01 | 1995-11-14 | Volkswagen Ag | Intake pipe arrangement for an internal combustion engine having individual arc-shaped cylinder intake pipes |
| JP2001110284A (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2001-04-20 | Toshiba Corp | Gas collecting device |
| JP2010206962A (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-16 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | Method of detecting abnormal conditions in gas-insulated power apparatus |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54154367A (en) * | 1978-05-25 | 1979-12-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Abnormality detector of electrical machinery and apparatus |
-
1983
- 1983-07-11 JP JP58127460A patent/JPS6018775A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54154367A (en) * | 1978-05-25 | 1979-12-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Abnormality detector of electrical machinery and apparatus |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4736598A (en) * | 1986-03-25 | 1988-04-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Outdoor unit of air conditioner |
| JPH01203982A (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1989-08-16 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Detecting device for combustible gas in oil |
| US5465699A (en) * | 1993-06-01 | 1995-11-14 | Volkswagen Ag | Intake pipe arrangement for an internal combustion engine having individual arc-shaped cylinder intake pipes |
| JP2001110284A (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2001-04-20 | Toshiba Corp | Gas collecting device |
| JP2010206962A (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-16 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | Method of detecting abnormal conditions in gas-insulated power apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0465349B2 (en) | 1992-10-19 |
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