JPS60131547A - Developing method - Google Patents

Developing method

Info

Publication number
JPS60131547A
JPS60131547A JP58240064A JP24006483A JPS60131547A JP S60131547 A JPS60131547 A JP S60131547A JP 58240064 A JP58240064 A JP 58240064A JP 24006483 A JP24006483 A JP 24006483A JP S60131547 A JPS60131547 A JP S60131547A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
particles
carrier
toner
developer
image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP58240064A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Satoru Haneda
羽根田 哲
Hisafumi Shoji
尚史 庄司
Seiichiro Hiratsuka
平塚 誠一郎
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Konica Minolta Inc
Original Assignee
Konica Minolta Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Konica Minolta Inc filed Critical Konica Minolta Inc
Priority to JP58240064A priority Critical patent/JPS60131547A/en
Publication of JPS60131547A publication Critical patent/JPS60131547A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/06Developing
    • G03G13/08Developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
    • G03G21/0005Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge for removing solid developer or debris from the electrographic recording medium

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent deficient cleaning by using a mixture of spherical and amorphous toner particles for the toner of a binary developer to be oscillated in an oscillating electric field. CONSTITUTION:A mixture of spherical and amorphous toner particles is used for the binary develope to be oscillated in an oscillating electric field and developing a latent image. The presence of the spherical toner particles superior in fluidity improves triboelectrification with carrier particles and forms a developer layer optimum in density, and also improves releasability of the toner from the developer layer at the time of development processing. On the other hand, the presence of the amorphous toner particles prevents deficient cleaning due to the leakage of the spherical toner particles under a blade. As a result, a sharp image high in reproduction fidelity can be formed.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分鼾] 、本発明GJ、llj写真複写装置等における静電潜像
あるいは磁気増!の像現像方法の改良に関し、詳しくは
、キャリヤ粒すζトナー粒子とが混合した=成盆現偉剤
を現像剤搬送担体面に供給して、該現像岬を送担体上に
現像剤層を形成させ、その現像剤層に千つ工像担、持体
面上の静電像あるいは磁気儂を現像する方法の改良に関
する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Applications) The present invention relates to an improvement in the image development method for electrostatic latent images or magnetically enhanced images in GJ, LLJ photocopying apparatuses, etc. A developing agent mixed with the particles is supplied to the surface of the developer transporting carrier, and the developing cape forms a developer layer on the transporting carrier. This invention relates to an improvement in the method for developing the above electrostatic or magnetic images.

[従来技−] 電子琴1L複写事置等における潜像の現像方法2しては
、現像li!J搬送声体面に磁力によって現像^を吸着
せしめて形成した磁気ブラシを用いて像杉持f$面にト
ナーを付着せしめるいわゆる磁気ブラシ法か広く実用さ
れている。磁気ブラシを用いた現像法はさらに磁性トナ
ー粒子から成る一成分り。
[Prior art] A second method for developing a latent image in an electronic harp 1L copying station, etc. is the development li! A so-called magnetic brush method is widely used in which toner is attached to the surface of the image carrier using a magnetic brush formed by adhering the developer to the surface of the voice body using magnetic force. The development method using a magnetic brush further uses one component consisting of magnetic toner particles.

像側を用いるものと、磁性キャリヤ粒子とトナー粒子の
混合物から成る二成分現像剤を用いるものに分かれるが
、二成分現像法はトナー粒子のram制御が比較的容易
である、トナー粒子の凝集が起りにくい、磁気ブラシの
穂立ちがよい等多くの長所を有している。
There are two types: those that use the image side and those that use a two-component developer consisting of a mixture of magnetic carrier particles and toner particles.Two-component developing methods are relatively easy to control the RAM of toner particles and are effective in preventing aggregation of toner particles. It has many advantages, such as being less likely to break up and making the magnetic brush stand up well.

磁気ブラシがら像担持体面にトナーを付着せしめるには
磁気ブラシで直接像相持面を槽擦する接触方式とトナ一
層と像担持体面とを近接して対置し、振動電界をかけて
現壕剤を振動させる等の手段ニヨリトナーを像担持体側
に飛翔せしめるジャンピンク法等と呼ばれる非接触方式
かあり、後者は現像条件等に絵しい面がある反面、現像
された画像面に掃目かつがない、同一画面を反復現像す
ることができ多色画像の形成に適する等の利点がり あ
る。
To make the toner adhere to the image carrier surface using a magnetic brush, there is a contact method in which the magnetic brush directly rubs the image carrier surface, and a method in which a layer of toner and the image carrier surface are placed close to each other and a vibrating electric field is applied to apply a developing agent. There is a non-contact method called the jump pink method, which uses means such as vibration to cause the toner to fly toward the image carrier.The latter has some interesting features in terms of development conditions, but on the other hand, there is no need to sweep the surface of the developed image. It has advantages such as being able to repeatedly develop the same screen and being suitable for forming multicolor images.

! 2成分現像法には、従来一般に平均粒径が数十〜数
百μmのキャリヤ粒子と平均粒径が十数#mの非0性ト
ナー粒子七からなる現像剤が用いられて! おり、その
ような現像剤では、トナー粒子やさらにはキャリヤ粒子
が粗いために、繊細な線や点あるいは濃淡差等を再現す
る高画質画像が得られに、くいと云った問題がある。そ
こで、この現像方法において高画質画像を得るために、
従来例えば、キャリヤ粒子の樹脂コーティングとか、現
像剤搬送担体における磁石体の改良とか、現像剤搬送担
体へのバイアス電圧の検討とか、多くの努力が払われて
きたが、それでも未だ安定して十分に満足し得る画像が
得られないのが実情である。したがって、高画質画像を
得るためには、トナー粒子及びキャリヤ粒子をより微粒
子にすることが必要である。
! Conventionally, in the two-component development method, a developer consisting of carrier particles with an average particle size of several tens to hundreds of micrometers and non-zero toner particles with an average particle size of more than ten #m has been used! However, such a developer has a problem in that it is difficult to obtain a high-quality image that reproduces delicate lines, dots, differences in shading, etc. because the toner particles and even the carrier particles are coarse. Therefore, in order to obtain high-quality images using this developing method,
Although many efforts have been made in the past, such as resin coating of carrier particles, improvement of magnets in developer transport carriers, and consideration of bias voltage to developer transport carriers, they are still not stable and sufficient. The reality is that a satisfactory image cannot be obtained. Therefore, in order to obtain high quality images, it is necessary to make toner particles and carrier particles finer.

しかし、トナー粒子を平均粒径が2O4m以下、特に、
10μm以下の微粒子にすると、■現像時のクーロン力
に対してフ了しゾルワール°スヵの影響が現われてトナ
ー粒子が凝集し易七なり、流動性が低下して種々の好ま
しくない現像が現われる。
However, when the toner particles have an average particle size of 2O4m or less, in particular,
If the particle size is 10 μm or less, the toner particles will evaporate against the Coulomb force during development, and the influence of solwar ° sca will appear, making it easy for toner particles to aggregate, resulting in a decrease in fluidity and various unfavorable developments. .

が行われている。すなわち;トナー粒子を球形とするこ
とによりトナーの流動れが良くなって、キャリヤ粒早と
の摩擦による一定か良好となり、したかってキャリヤ粒
子と共に適当な痛度で現像剤層を形成して、現像に際し
ては現像剤層からの離体面からも転写され易いと云□う
優れた性能を示す。
is being carried out. That is, by making the toner particles spherical, the flow of the toner is improved and becomes constant or good due to friction with the carrier particles, thus forming a developer layer with the carrier particles at an appropriate degree of hardness, and developing. In this case, it shows excellent performance in that it is easily transferred even from the surface separated from the developer layer.

これには、球状にしたことηよって、トナー粒子とキャ
リヤ粒子、トナー粒子と像担持体面の接触11ii稍が
一定となってフ7ンデルワールス力のよろな制御しにく
い不均一な力が減少することと、j状突起やエツジある
いは細長形状のように電荷集中並びに放電中和1起こす
ことがないと云うととが大きく関係していると考えられ
る。
This is because the spherical shape makes the contact 11ii between the toner particles and the carrier particles, and between the toner particles and the surface of the image bearing member constant, and the non-uniform forces that are difficult to control, such as the Fender Waals force, are reduced. It is thought that this is largely related to the fact that charge concentration and discharge neutralization 1 do not occur unlike with J-shaped protrusions, edges, or elongated shapes.

しかしながら、球形化さkたトナー粒子は像担持体のク
リーニングに際して除去し難いと云う欠点がある。すな
わち現像によってトナー像を形成された像担持体上に像
を転写材に転写した後にも若干のトナーが残留し、再使
用に先立ってこのドナーを除去する必要がある。残留ト
ナーの除去は通常像担面をホ゛リウレタ゛ン等によって
作られたブふ レード□によって掻落す′トとによって行われるが、球
形化されたトナーはブレード下をすり抜けてしまう−向
か°あ□す、□トナーの粒径が微細化し特に平均粒径1
0μm以乍となるとこうした現象が著しくなって実際上
クリ−ニン□グ困難となる。このためトナーを微粒子化
することに限界があっfo” ”を廃萌挑目的j 一 本発明の目的は微粒子化したトナー粒子及びキャリヤ粒
子lス)ら成る現f−剤を用い、且つ前記ごときクリー
ニング不良等のトラブルを発生することなく鮮明で再現
患実度の高い画像を得ることのできる現像方法を粛供す
ることにある。
However, there is a drawback that spherical toner particles are difficult to remove when cleaning the image carrier. That is, some toner remains on the image bearing member on which a toner image has been formed by development, even after the image is transferred to a transfer material, and it is necessary to remove this donor before reuse. Remaining toner is usually removed by scraping the image bearing surface with a blade made of polyurethane or the like, but the spherical toner slips under the blade. , □The toner particle size becomes finer, especially when the average particle size is 1.
When the thickness is 0 μm or more, this phenomenon becomes significant and cleaning becomes difficult. For this reason, there is a limit to the ability to make toner into fine particles.An object of the present invention is to use a developing agent consisting of finely divided toner particles and carrier particles, and to To provide a developing method capable of obtaining clear and highly reproducible images without causing troubles such as poor cleaning.

[−萌d−晟) 1 前記の目的は、キャリヤ粒子とトナー粒子を主体とする
二成分現像剤を現像剤搬送担体面に供給し、該現像剤搬
送担体面上に形成した二成分現像側御を振動電界下に隙
を、もって像担持体面の像を現像する方法において、前
記トナー粒子が球形トナー粒子と不定形トナー粒子の混
合物であることを特徴とする現像方法によって達成され
た。
[-Moe d-晟) 1 The above purpose is to supply a two-component developer mainly consisting of carrier particles and toner particles to a developer transporting carrier surface, and to form a two-component developing side formed on the developer transporting carrier surface. A method of developing an image on the surface of an image carrier by controlling a gap under an oscillating electric field is achieved by a developing method characterized in that the toner particles are a mixture of spherical toner particles and irregularly shaped toner particles.

即ち、本発明の現像方法は、二成分現像剤のトナー粒子
として球形粒子と不定形粒子の混合物を用いることによ
り、球形粒子トナーの長所を損なうことなくそのクリー
ニング性を改良するものであって、不定形粒子の混合率
は全トナーの20乃至80[1%であることが望ましい
。不定形粒子の混合比率が20重量%以下ではその効果
が不充分でクリーニング不良か発生し、80重量%以上
では前述のような球形粒子状σ)トナーの利点が失われ
てしまう。
That is, the developing method of the present invention uses a mixture of spherical particles and amorphous particles as toner particles of a two-component developer, thereby improving the cleaning properties of the spherical particle toner without impairing its advantages. The mixing ratio of irregularly shaped particles is preferably 20 to 80 [1%] of the total toner. If the mixing ratio of irregularly shaped particles is less than 20% by weight, the effect will be insufficient and poor cleaning will occur, and if it is more than 80% by weight, the advantages of the spherical particle σ) toner described above will be lost.

本発明の方法に用いられる球形トナー粒子としては、そ
の長袖と短軸の比が3倍以下であり・且つ突出部や稜角
都を持たぬよう球形化されたものか特に好ましい。
It is particularly preferable that the spherical toner particles used in the method of the present invention have a long axis to short axis ratio of 3 times or less and are spherical so as not to have protrusions or edges.

このような球形のトナー粒子は、スチレン系樹脂、ビニ
ル系樹脂、エチル系樹脂、ロジン変性樹脂、アクリル果
樹)宿、ポリ了ミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル
樹脂等の樹脂と、カーボン等の着色成分と、必要に応じ
て加える帯電制御剤等と、磁性トナーの場合はさらに、
鉄、クロム、ニッケル、コバルト等の金属、あるいはそ
れらの化合物や合金例えば、四三酸化鉄、γ−酸化第二
鉄、二酸化クロム、酸化マンガン、フェライト、マンガ
ン−銅系合金と云った強磁性体乃至は常磁性体の微粒子
とを溶融混練してから溶〜j中に洛かし、その液体をノ
ズルから熱風中に霧状に噴出させ、噴出した露滴から溶
剤を蒸発させて球状粒子を得るスプレードライ法や、前
記溶融混練してから凝固させたものを粉砕し、得られた
粒子を熱風中に吹き出して粒子中の樹脂分を溶融状態に
することによって球形化する70−コーター法、または
、着色成分等を分離したプレポリマーの溶液中で樹脂を
重合析出させる造粒取合法、あるいは、前記70−コー
ター法の代りにトナー粒子を熱湯中で攪拌して樹脂を軟
化することにより球形化し、次いでr過乾燥する方法等
によるで得ることができる。なお、トナー粒子はマイク
ロカプセル化されたものであってもよく、そのようなト
ナー粒子にも上記の製造方法及び球形化処理は適用し得
る。
These spherical toner particles are made of resins such as styrene resin, vinyl resin, ethyl resin, rosin modified resin, acrylic resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, and coloring components such as carbon. , a charge control agent, etc. added as needed, and in the case of magnetic toner,
Metals such as iron, chromium, nickel, and cobalt, or their compounds and alloys; Ferromagnetic materials such as triiron tetroxide, γ-ferric oxide, chromium dioxide, manganese oxide, ferrite, and manganese-copper alloys. After melting and kneading fine particles of paramagnetic material, the liquid is sprayed into hot air from a nozzle in the form of a mist, and the solvent is evaporated from the ejected dew droplets to form spherical particles. 70-coater method, in which the melt-kneaded and solidified material is pulverized and the resulting particles are blown into hot air to melt the resin content in the particles, thereby making them spherical. Alternatively, a granulation method in which the resin is polymerized and precipitated in a solution of a prepolymer from which coloring components have been separated, or instead of the 70-coater method described above, toner particles are stirred in hot water to soften the resin to form spherical shapes. It can be obtained by a method such as oxidation followed by over-drying. Note that the toner particles may be microencapsulated, and the above manufacturing method and spheroidization treatment can be applied to such toner particles as well.

また不定形粒子トナーとしては、前記の溶融、混線物を
粉砕したものを、球形化処理することなくそのまま使用
することか好ましい。こうして得られる粒子は、長袖と
短軸の比も一定でなく突起部や多くの稜角を有している
Further, as the amorphous particle toner, it is preferable to use the above-mentioned melted and pulverized mixed material as it is without spheroidization treatment. The particles thus obtained do not have a constant ratio of long axis to short axis, and have protrusions and many edge angles.

本発明に用いられる卜す−を構成する球形化トナー粒子
及び不定形粒子トナーは′その組成、球形化処理以外の
製造プロセス、粒径、その他の物理的性質等において同
一のものであってもよく、また異ったものであってもよ
いか、いづれも以下に述べるようなものか好ましく用い
られる。
The spherical toner particles and irregularly shaped toner particles constituting the glass used in the present invention may be the same in terms of their composition, manufacturing process other than spheronization, particle size, and other physical properties. Although different types may be used, the following types are preferably used.

すなわち、本発明の方法においては微細粒径のトナーか
好ましく用いられるか、一般にトナー粒子の平均粒径が
小さくなると、定性的に粒径の二□□□□□□□□1 デルワールズ力のような制御しにくい付着力が相対的に
強く働くよ□うになって、トナー粒子がキャリヤ粒子か
ら解しにくくな□ったり、トナー粒子が一旦像担持体面
の非画像部に何着すると、それが従来の磁気ブラシによ
る摺擦では容易に除去されずにかぶりを生ぜしめるよう
になる。従来の磁気ブラシ現像方法では、トナー粒子の
平均粒径が10μm以下になると、このような問題が顕
著になった。この点を本□発明の現像方法は、先に述べ
たような球状のトナー粒子を用いると共に、現像剤層に
よる現像を振動電界下で行うようにしたことで解消する
ように県でいる。即ち、現像剤層に付着しているトナー
粒子は、−気前に与えられる振動によって現像剤層から
像担持体面の画像部や非画像部に移行し易く、かつ離れ
易くなり、そして、現像剤層で像担持体面を摺擦するよ
うにした場合は、像担持体の非画像部□に付着したトナ
ー粒子は容易に除去乃至は01&像廓に移動させられる
ようになる。また、現像剤層の層厚をf象担持体面と現
4m+!1lll瀞番J8mノMuf n t=、蒲<
1.f46介は、efW量の低いトナー粒子か画像部や
非画像部に移行することが殆んどなくなったり、像担持
体面と擦られることがないために、1望擦帯罵に上り像
担持体に付着することもなくなって、数μm程度のトナ
ー粒径のものまで用いられるようになる。したがって、
静[1像を忠実に現像した再現性のよい鮮明なトナー像
を得ることができる。さらに、振動電界はトナー粒子と
キャリヤ粒子の結合を弱めるので、トナー粒子に伴うキ
ャリヤ粒子の像担持体面への伺着も減少する。特に、前
述のように、現像剤層の層厚を像担持体面と現像剤搬送
担体の間隙よりも薄くした場合は、画像M(及び非画像
部領域において、大きな帯titを持つトナー粒子が振
動電界下で振動し1、電界の強さによってはキャリヤ粒
子も振動することによって、トナーか選択的に順相持体
面の静電像部に移行するようになるから、キャリヤの像
担持体面への付着は大幅に軽減される。電界により非画
像部領域へのトナー粒子は、非画像部に到達する場合も
到達しない場合もある。キャリヤについても同様である
That is, in the method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a toner having a fine particle size. Generally speaking, when the average particle size of toner particles becomes small, qualitatively the particle size decreases due to the De Waals force. The adhesion force that is difficult to control becomes relatively strong, making it difficult for toner particles to separate from carrier particles, and once toner particles land on the non-image area of the image carrier surface, they become By rubbing with a conventional magnetic brush, it is not easily removed and a fog is formed. In the conventional magnetic brush development method, such problems became noticeable when the average particle size of toner particles was 10 μm or less. The developing method of the present invention solves this problem by using spherical toner particles as described above and by performing development with a developer layer under an oscillating electric field. In other words, the toner particles adhering to the developer layer are easily transferred from the developer layer to the image area or non-image area on the image bearing member surface due to the generous vibration, and are easily separated from the developer layer. When the layer rubs the surface of the image bearing member, toner particles adhering to the non-image area □ of the image bearing member can be easily removed or moved to the 01&image area. Also, the layer thickness of the developer layer is 4m+! 1llll number J8m no Muf n t=, 蒲<
1. With f46, toner particles with a low efW amount almost never migrate to the image area or non-image area, and because they do not rub against the surface of the image bearing member, the toner particles with a low efW amount increase to 1% and the image bearing member Toner particle sizes of several micrometers can now be used. therefore,
A clear toner image with good reproducibility can be obtained by faithfully developing a static image. Furthermore, since the oscillating electric field weakens the bond between toner particles and carrier particles, the adhesion of carrier particles accompanying toner particles to the surface of the image carrier is also reduced. In particular, as described above, when the thickness of the developer layer is made thinner than the gap between the image carrier surface and the developer transport carrier, toner particles with a large band tit in the image M (and non-image area) vibrate. The carrier particles vibrate under the electric field (1) and depending on the strength of the electric field, the carrier particles also vibrate, causing the toner to selectively migrate to the electrostatic image area on the normal phase carrier surface, thereby reducing the adhesion of the carrier to the image carrier surface. is significantly reduced. Due to the electric field, toner particles in the non-image area may or may not reach the non-image area. The same is true for the carrier.

一方、トナーの平均粒径が大きくなると、先にも述べた
ように画像の荒れか目立つようになる。
On the other hand, as the average particle size of the toner increases, the roughness of the image becomes noticeable as described above.

通常、10本/ mw程度のピッチで並んだ細線の解像
力ある現像には、平均粒径20μm程度のトナーでも実
用上は問題ないが、しかし、平均粒径10μm以下の微
粒子化したトナーを用いると、解像力は格段に向上して
、濃淡差等も忠実に再現した鮮明な高画質画像を与える
ようになる。以上の理由からトナーの粒径は平均粒径が
20μm乃至5μmであることが好ましい。又トナー粒
子か電界に追随するためにトナー粒子の帯電量が1〜3
μC/gより大きいこと(好ましくは3〜300μO/
g]か望ましい。特に粒径の小さい場合は高い帯電量が
必要である。このような適正条件のトナーは、先に述べ
た方法によって得られ、必要に応じ従来公知の平均粒径
選別手段によって選別することもできる。
Normally, toner with an average particle size of about 20 μm is not a problem in practice for developing fine lines arranged at a pitch of about 10 lines/mw with high resolution, but if a fine toner with an average particle size of 10 μm or less is used, The resolution has been significantly improved, and it is now possible to produce clear, high-quality images that faithfully reproduce the differences in shading. For the above reasons, it is preferable that the average particle size of the toner is 20 μm to 5 μm. Also, in order for the toner particles to follow the electric field, the amount of charge on the toner particles is 1 to 3.
Greater than μC/g (preferably 3 to 300 μO/g)
g] or desirable. Particularly when the particle size is small, a high amount of charge is required. Toner under such appropriate conditions can be obtained by the method described above, and if necessary, can be sorted by a conventionally known average particle size sorting means.

また本発明による現像方法においては、トナー粒子が磁
性体微粒子を含有した磁性粒子であってもよく、特に磁
性体微粒子の量が60重量係以下、とりわけ30重量%
を超大ないものか好ましい。
Further, in the developing method according to the present invention, the toner particles may be magnetic particles containing magnetic fine particles, and in particular, the amount of magnetic fine particles is 60% by weight or less, especially 30% by weight.
A super large one is preferred.

トナー粒子が磁性粒子を含有したものである場合(ゴー
、トナー粒子が現像剤遊送担体に含まれる磁石の磁力の
影響を受けるようになるから、磁気ブラシの均−形成性
が一層向上し、て、しがも、かぶりの発生が防止され、
さらにトナー粒子の飛散も起りにくくなる。[2かし、
含有する磁性体の量を多くし過ぎると、キャリヤ粒子と
の間の磁気力か大きくなり過ぎて、十分な現像4度を得
ることができなくなるし、また、磁性体微粒子がトナー
粒子の表面に現われるようにもなって、摩擦帯電制御が
郵しくなったり、トナー粒子か破損し易くなったり、キ
ャリヤ粒子との間で凝集し易くなったりする。又カラー
トナーの場合は鮮明な色か得すらくなる。
When the toner particles contain magnetic particles (go), the toner particles are influenced by the magnetic force of the magnet included in the developer transportation carrier, so the uniformity of the magnetic brush is further improved. However, the occurrence of fogging is prevented,
Furthermore, scattering of toner particles becomes less likely to occur. [2,
If the amount of magnetic material contained is too large, the magnetic force between the carrier particles and the carrier particles will become too large, making it impossible to obtain a sufficient degree of development. As a result, frictional charging control becomes difficult, toner particles tend to be easily damaged, and toner particles tend to aggregate with carrier particles. In addition, in the case of color toner, the color becomes clearer or even better.

次に、本発明の方法に用いられるキャリヤについて述べ
ると、一般に磁性キャリヤ粒子の平均粒径が大、きいと
、■現像剤搬送相体上に杉成される現像剤層の状態が荒
いために、、、電界により振動を与えながら静に像等を
現像しても、トナー像にムラが現れ易く、@現像剤層に
おけるトナー濃度が低くなるので高lAF!Lの現像が
行われない等の問題が起る。このωの問題を解消するに
は、キャリヤ粒子の平均粒子を小さくすればよく、実験
の結果は、50μm以下でその効果が現われ初め、30
μm以下にすることが好ましい。尚、平均粒径(重置平
均2はコールタ−カウンター(コールタ社@)、オムニ
コンアルファ(ボシュロム社%!)を用いて測定した。
Next, regarding the carrier used in the method of the present invention, in general, the average particle size of the magnetic carrier particles is large, and (1) the developer layer formed on the developer transporting phase is rough. Even if an image is developed statically while being vibrated by an electric field, unevenness tends to appear in the toner image, and the toner concentration in the developer layer becomes low, resulting in a high lAF! Problems such as L not being developed occur. In order to solve this ω problem, the average particle size of the carrier particles can be made smaller, and experimental results show that the effect begins to appear at 50 μm or less, and 30 μm or less.
It is preferable to make it less than μm. Note that the average particle diameter (overlapping average 2) was measured using a Coulter Counter (Coulter Co., Ltd.) and Omnicon Alpha (Bausch & Lomb Co., Ltd. %!).

また、@の問題も、■の問題に対する磁性キャリヤの微
粒子化によって、現像剤層の、トナーliI度が高くな
り、高鴻度の現像が行われるようになって解消する。し
かし、キャリヤ粒子が細か過ぎると、θ諭担持体面に付
着するようになったり、■飛散し易くなったりする。こ
れらの現象は、キャリヤ粒子に作用する磁界の強さ、そ
れによるキャリヤ粒子の磁化の強さにも間係するか、一
般的には、キャリヤ粒子の平均粒径が15μm以下にな
ると次第に傾向が出初め、5μm以下で顕著に現われる
ようになる。そして、像担持体面に付着したキャリヤ粒
子は、一部はトナーと共に記録紙上に移行し、残部はブ
レードやファーブラシ等によるクリーニング装置によっ
て歿留トナーと共に像担持体面から除かれることになる
が、従来の磁性体のみから成るキャリヤ粒子では、■記
録紙上に移行したキャリヤ粒子が、それ自体では記録紙
に定着されないので、脱落し易いと云う問題があり、ま
た、θ像担持体面に残ったキャリヤ粒子がクリーニング
装置によって除かれる際に、感光体から戎る像担持体面
を傷付は易いと云う問題かある。
Further, the problem @ is also solved by making the magnetic carrier particles finer than the problem (2), as the toner degree of LiI in the developer layer is increased, and development with a high degree of darkness is performed. However, if the carrier particles are too fine, they tend to adhere to the surface of the θ carrier or become easily scattered. These phenomena may be related to the strength of the magnetic field acting on the carrier particles and the resulting magnetization strength of the carrier particles, or generally they tend to gradually increase as the average particle size of the carrier particles becomes 15 μm or less. Initially, it becomes noticeable at a thickness of 5 μm or less. Some of the carrier particles adhering to the surface of the image carrier are transferred onto the recording paper along with the toner, and the remaining part is removed from the surface of the image carrier along with the residual toner by a cleaning device such as a blade or fur brush. With carrier particles made only of magnetic material, there is a problem that (1) the carrier particles that have migrated onto the recording paper are not fixed on the recording paper by themselves and are likely to fall off; There is a problem in that when the image carrier is removed by a cleaning device, the surface of the image carrier that is removed from the photoreceptor is easily damaged.

この特に微粒子化したキャリヤを用いた場合に生ずる上
記O乃至60問題は、磁性キャリヤ粒子を樹脂等記録紙
に定着し得る物質と共に形成することにより解消するこ
とかできる。すなわち、磁性キャリヤ粒子か記録紙に定
着し得る物質と共に形成されていることで記録紙に何着
してもキャリヤは熱や圧力によって定着されるようにな
り、また、クリーニング装置によって残留トナーと共に
像担持体面から除かれる際にも像担持体面を傷付けたり
することが無くなる。したがって、キャリヤ粒子を平均
5〜15μm以下の粒径にしても前記θの問題は実際上
トラブルを生ぜし、めない。なお、キャリヤ粒子の像担
持体への付着か起る場合は、リサイクル機構を設けるこ
とが有効である。
The above-mentioned 0 to 60 problem that occurs when a particularly finely divided carrier is used can be solved by forming magnetic carrier particles together with a substance that can be fixed to the recording paper, such as a resin. In other words, by being formed with magnetic carrier particles or a substance that can be fixed on the recording paper, the carrier is fixed by heat and pressure no matter how many times it is deposited on the recording paper, and the cleaning device removes the image along with the residual toner. Even when removed from the image carrier surface, the surface of the image carrier is not damaged. Therefore, even if the carrier particles have an average particle size of 5 to 15 .mu.m or less, the problem of .theta. will still cause trouble in practice. Note that if carrier particles adhere to the image bearing member, it is effective to provide a recycling mechanism.

さらに、キャリヤ粒子を球形化すると、トナーとキャリ
ヤの攪拌性及び現像剤の侵透性を向上させ、トナー粒子
同志やトナー粒子とキャリヤ粒子の凝集を起りにくくす
る。
Further, when the carrier particles are made spherical, the agitation properties of the toner and the carrier and the permeability of the developer are improved, and aggregation of toner particles and toner particles and carrier particles becomes less likely to occur.

キャリヤを微細化し、球形化するとトナーについて述べ
たと同じく、像担持体的のクリーニングか441!lt
になると云う問題が生じるが、不定形粒子を含むトナー
を併用することにより解決することができる。
If the carrier is made fine and spherical, it will be possible to clean the image carrier as described above for toner.441! lt
However, this problem can be solved by using a toner containing irregularly shaped particles.

このような磁性キャリヤ粒子は、磁性トナーにおけると
同様の磁性体の粒子にできるだけ萬抵抗化された球状の
ものを選ぶか、あるいは球状の磁性体粒子をトナーにお
けると同様の樹脂やパルミチン酸、ステアリン酸等の脂
肪酸ワックスで球状に扱蒲するか、または磁性体微粒子
を分散して含有した樹脂や脂肪酸ワックスの球状粒子を
作るかして得られ、球形化にはトナーにおけると同様の
熱風あるいは熱水による方法を適用できるし、分散系の
ものではスプレードライ法に−よることもできる。そし
て、平均粒径については、必要に応じ従来公知の平均粒
径選別手段により選別することによって、好ましいキャ
リヤを得ることができる。
For such magnetic carrier particles, choose spherical magnetic particles with as much resistance as possible, similar to those used in magnetic toner, or spherical magnetic particles with resin, palmitic acid, or stearin similar to those used in toner. It can be obtained by treating it with fatty acid wax such as acid into a spherical shape, or by making spherical particles of resin or fatty acid wax containing dispersed magnetic particles.To make the spherical shape, hot air or heat similar to that used in toner is used. A method using water can be applied, and in the case of a dispersion type, a spray drying method can also be used. As for the average particle size, a preferable carrier can be obtained by selecting the average particle size using a conventionally known average particle size selection means, if necessary.

球形化されたキャリヤは磁化の方向性がなく現像剤層か
均一に形成される、キャリヤ粒子にエツジ部か無くなり
エツジ部への電界の集中が起らないため・3A像佐剤送
担体に高いノくイアスミ圧を目J加しても放電による像
の乱れ、バイアス電圧σ)ブレークダウンが発生し−い
等の利点を有する。この高いバイアス電圧を印加できる
と云うことは、本発明における振動電界下での現像が振
動するノくイアスミ圧の印加によって行ね、些るもので
ある場合に、それによる後述する効果を十分に発揮させ
ることができると云うことである。
The spherical carrier has no directionality of magnetization, and the developer layer is formed uniformly.There are no edges in the carrier particles, and no electric field is concentrated on the edges.・3A image adjuvant carrier is expensive. It has the advantage that image distortion due to electric discharge and breakdown of the bias voltage σ do not occur even when a large insulating pressure is applied. The fact that this high bias voltage can be applied means that the development under an oscillating electric field in the present invention is performed by applying an insulating pressure that vibrates. This means that you can make the most of it.

さらに本発明に用いられるキャリヤ粒子は、その抵抗率
が1089副以上、特に1018Ω副以上であるように
絶縁性の磁性粒子を形成したものが好ましい。この抵抗
率は、粒子を0.50c11の断面積を有する容器に入
れてタッピングした後、詰められた粒゛子上にl kg
/cdの荷重を掛け、荷重と底面電極との間に100O
V/αの電、界が生ずる電圧を印加したときの電流値を
読み取ることで得られる値であり、この抵抗率が低いと
、現像剤眼送担体にバイアス電圧を印加した場合に、キ
ャリヤ粒子に電荷か注入されて、像担持体面にキャリヤ
粒子が付着し易くなったり、あるいはバイアス電圧のブ
レークダウンが起り易くなったりする。
Further, the carrier particles used in the present invention are preferably insulating magnetic particles having a resistivity of 1089 ohms or more, particularly 1018 ohms or more. This resistivity is calculated by applying 1 kg onto the packed particles after the particles are placed in a container with a cross-sectional area of 0.50c11 and tapped.
/cd is applied, and 100O is applied between the load and the bottom electrode.
This value is obtained by reading the current value when applying a voltage that generates an electric field of V/α. If this resistivity is low, when a bias voltage is applied to the developer ophthalmic carrier, the carrier particles As a result, carrier particles tend to adhere to the surface of the image carrier, or breakdown of the bias voltage tends to occur.

以上を総合して、本発明の方法に用いられる磁性キャリ
ヤ粒子は、少くとも長軸と短軸の比か3倍以下であるよ
3に球形化されており、したがって針状部や、エツジ部
等の、電、荷集中並びに放電を起し易い突起がなく、抵
抗率、、が101Ωm以上、好ましくは1011Ω譚以
上であるSとが好ましく、このような磁性キャリヤ粒子
は先に述べたような方法によって得ることができる。
Taking all the above into consideration, the magnetic carrier particles used in the method of the present invention are spherical so that the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is at least 3 times or less, and therefore the magnetic carrier particles have acicular parts and edge parts. Preferably, S is free of protrusions that tend to cause charge concentration and discharge, and has a resistivity of 101 Ωm or more, preferably 1011 Ωm or more, and such magnetic carrier particles are as described above. It can be obtained by

本発明の現像方法においては、以上述べたような球形及
び不定形のトナー粒子と、キャリヤ粒子特に好ましくは
球状のキャリヤ粒子とが、従来の二成分現像剤における
と同様の割合で混合した現像剤が好ましく用いられるか
、これより高いトナー濃度でも用いることができる。こ
れにはまた、必要に応じて粒子の流動滑りをよくするた
めの流動化剤や像担持体面パ清浄化に役立つクリーニン
グ剤等が混合される。流動化剤としては、コロイダルシ
リカ、シリコンフェス、金属石鹸あるいは非イオン表面
活性剤を用いることができ、クリーニング剤としては、
脂肪酸金属塩、有機基置換シリコンあるいは弗素系表面
活性剤等を用いることができる。
In the developing method of the present invention, a developer is prepared in which spherical and amorphous toner particles as described above and carrier particles, particularly preferably spherical carrier particles, are mixed in the same ratio as in a conventional two-component developer. is preferably used, or higher toner concentrations can also be used. If necessary, a fluidizing agent for improving the fluidity and sliding of the particles and a cleaning agent for cleaning the surface of the image bearing member are mixed therein. As a fluidizing agent, colloidal silica, silicon face, metal soap or a nonionic surfactant can be used, and as a cleaning agent,
Fatty acid metal salts, organic group-substituted silicones, fluorine-based surfactants, etc. can be used.

以上が現像剤についての条件であり、次に、このような
現像剤で現像剤層を形成して像担持体上の静電像を現像
する現像剤搬送担体に関する条件について述べる。
The above are the conditions for the developer, and next, the conditions for the developer transport carrier that forms a developer layer with such developer to develop the electrostatic image on the image carrier will be described.

現像剤搬送担体には、バイアス電圧を印加し得る従来の
現像方法におけると同様の現像剤搬送担体か用いられる
が、特に、表面に現像剤層か形成されるスリーブの内部
に複数の磁極を有する回転磁石体が設けられている構造
のものが好ましく用いられる。このような現像剤搬送担
体においては、回転磁石体の回転によって、スリーブの
表面に形成される現像剤層が波状に起伏し、て移動する
ようになるから、新しい現像剤が次々と供給され、スリ
ーブ表面の現像剤層に多少の層厚の不均一があっても、
その影#は上記波状移動によって実際上問題とならない
ように十分カバーされる。そして、回転磁石体の回転あ
るいはさらにスリーブの回転による現像剤の搬送速度は
、像担持体の移動速度と殆んど同じか、それよりも早い
ことが好ましい。
A developer transport carrier similar to that used in conventional development methods to which a bias voltage can be applied is used as the developer transport carrier, but in particular, a developer transport carrier having a plurality of magnetic poles inside a sleeve on which a developer layer is formed on the surface. A structure in which a rotating magnet is provided is preferably used. In such a developer transport carrier, the developer layer formed on the surface of the sleeve undulates and moves due to the rotation of the rotating magnet, so new developer is supplied one after another. Even if there is some unevenness in the thickness of the developer layer on the sleeve surface,
The shadow # is sufficiently covered by the wave-like movement described above so as not to be a problem in practice. It is preferable that the developer conveying speed due to the rotation of the rotating magnet or the rotation of the sleeve is almost the same as or faster than the moving speed of the image carrier.

なお、回転磁石体とスリーブの回転による搬送方向は同
方向が好ましい。同方向の場合は、反対方向よりも画像
再現性に優れる。しかし、それらに限定されるものでは
ない。
Note that it is preferable that the rotating magnet body and the sleeve are conveyed in the same direction by rotation. In the case of the same direction, image reproducibility is better than in the opposite direction. However, it is not limited to these.

また、現像剤搬送体上に形成する現像剤層の厚さは、何
着した現像剤が厚さの規制ブレードによって十分に掻き
落されて均一な層となる厚さであることが好ましく、そ
して、現像剤搬送担体と像担持体との間隙は数10〜2
000μmが好ましい。
Further, the thickness of the developer layer formed on the developer transporting member is preferably such that the amount of developer deposited on the developer layer is sufficiently scraped off by the thickness regulating blade to form a uniform layer. , the gap between the developer transport carrier and the image carrier is several 10 to 2
000 μm is preferred.

現像剤搬送担体と像担持体の表面間隙が数10μm像作
用する現像剤層を形成するのが困録となり、もてきなく
なって、安定した現像が行われなくなるし、間隙が20
00μmを大きく超すようになると、対□向Ne1l効
来が低下して十雰な現11屓が得られないようになる。
When the surface gap between the developer transport carrier and the image carrier is several tens of micrometers, it becomes difficult to form a developer layer that acts as an image, and stable development cannot be performed.
If it greatly exceeds 00 μm, the effectiveness of Ne1l in the opposite direction decreases, and it becomes impossible to obtain a ten-dimensional current.

このように、現像剤搬送担体と像担持体の間隙が極端に
なると、それに対しることができなくなるが、開陳が数
10μm〜2000μmの範囲では、それ一対して現像
剤層を厚さを適当に形成することができる。そこで、間
隙と現像剤層の厚さを現1家剤−−直接像相持体の表面
η接触せず、できるたけ□近接するような条件に設定す
ることが特に好ましい。それによって、#電像等のトナ
ー現像にfAs剤層の摺擦による掃き目が生じたり、ま
たかぶりか発生したりするこさらに、振動電界下での現
像は、現像剤搬送体ことによるのが好ましい。バイアス
電圧にはまた、非画像部分へ−のトナー粒子の付着を防
止する直流電圧とトナー粒子をキャリヤ粒子から離れ易
くするための交゛流電圧との重督した電圧を用いること
1!゛圧の印加による方法や直流と交流の重壁電圧印加
による方法に限られるものではない。
In this way, when the gap between the developer transport carrier and the image carrier becomes extreme, it becomes impossible to counteract it, but when the gap is in the range of several tens of micrometers to 2,000 micrometers, the thickness of the developer layer can be adjusted appropriately. can be formed into Therefore, it is particularly preferable to set the gap and the thickness of the developer layer to conditions such that the developer layer does not come into direct contact with the surface of the image carrier, but is as close to the surface of the image carrier as possible. As a result, in toner development of #electronic images, etc., there may be scratches caused by rubbing of the fAs agent layer, or fogging may occur. preferable. The bias voltage should also be a combination of a direct current voltage that prevents toner particles from adhering to non-image areas and an alternating current voltage that facilitates the separation of toner particles from carrier particles.1! The method is not limited to the method of applying pressure or the method of applying heavy wall voltage of DC and AC.

以上述べたような本発明の現像方法は、第1図乃至第3
図に例示したよう逼装置によって実施される。
The developing method of the present invention as described above is shown in FIGS.
This is carried out by a loading device as illustrated in the figure.

第1図乃至m3’ii!ffにおいて、lは矢印方向に
回転し、図示せざ暮帯電露光装置によって表面に静電像
を形成されるSe 、 zn6 、 Od8 、無定形
シリ゛コ□ン、有機光導電体等の感光体よりなるドラム
状σJ像担持体J2はアル゛ミニ□ウム等の非磁性材料
からなるスリーブ、3はスリーブ2の内部に設けられて
表面に複−〇N、S磁極を周方向に交互に有する磁石体
で、このスリーブ2と磁石体3とで現像剤+1送担体を
構成している。そして、スリーブ2と磁石体3とは相対
回転可能であり、図はスリーブ2か矢印方向に回転する
ものであることを示している。!た、磁石t$3のI’
1113B1極は通゛常500〜1500ガウスの磁束
密度に磁化されており、その磁力によってスリーブ20
表面に先に述べたような現像剤DI7)層即ち、磁気ブ
ラシを形成する。4は磁気ブラシの高さ、量を規制する
磁性や非磁性体からなる規制ブレード、5は現像域Aを
通過した磁気ブラシをスリーブ2上から除去するクリー
ニングブレードである。スリーブ2の表面は現像剤溜り
6において現像剤りと接触するからそれによって現像剤
りの供給が行われることになり、フは現像剤溜り6の現
像剤りを攪拌して成分を均一にする攪拌スクリューであ
る。現像剤溜り6の現像剤りは現像か行われるとその中
のトナー粒子が消耗されるようになるから、8は先に述
べたようなトナー粒子Tを補給するためのトナーホッパ
ー、9は現像剤溜り6にトナー粒子Tを落す表mlに四
部を有する供給ローラである。10は保護抵抗11を介
してスリーブ2にバイアスm圧を印加するバイアス電源
である。
Figures 1 to m3'ii! In ff, l rotates in the direction of the arrow, and represents a photoreceptor such as Se, Zn6, Od8, amorphous silicone, organic photoconductor, etc., on whose surface an electrostatic image is formed by a charging exposure device (not shown). The drum-shaped σJ image carrier J2 is made of a sleeve made of a non-magnetic material such as aluminum, and 3 is provided inside the sleeve 2 and has double N and S magnetic poles alternately in the circumferential direction on the surface. The sleeve 2 and the magnet 3 constitute a developer +1 transport carrier. The sleeve 2 and the magnet 3 can rotate relative to each other, and the figure shows that the sleeve 2 rotates in the direction of the arrow. ! I' of magnet t$3
The 1113B1 pole is normally magnetized to a magnetic flux density of 500 to 1500 Gauss, and the magnetic force causes the sleeve 20 to
A developer DI7) layer, ie, a magnetic brush, as described above is formed on the surface. 4 is a regulating blade made of magnetic or non-magnetic material that regulates the height and amount of the magnetic brush; 5 is a cleaning blade that removes the magnetic brush that has passed through the developing area A from above the sleeve 2; Since the surface of the sleeve 2 comes into contact with the developer reservoir in the developer reservoir 6, the developer reservoir is thereby supplied, and the developer agitates the developer reservoir in the developer reservoir 6 to make the components uniform. It is a stirring screw. Since the toner particles in the developer reservoir 6 are consumed when development is performed, 8 is a toner hopper for replenishing the toner particles T as described above, and 9 is a developer reservoir. It is a supply roller having four parts per milliliter that drops toner particles T into the agent reservoir 6. A bias power source 10 applies a bias m pressure to the sleeve 2 via a protective resistor 11.

このような第1図乃至第3図の装置の相違は、第1図の
装置においては、スリーブ2が矢印方向に回転し、磁石
体3がそれと反対の矢印方向に回転して、そのN、S磁
極の磁束密度が略等し、いものであるのに対して、第2
図の装置においては、スリーブ2は矢印方向に回転する
が、磁石体3は固定であり、第3図の装置においては、
固定の磁石体3ON、Si極の磁束密度が同じではなく
、像担持体1に対向したN磁極の磁束密度が他のN。
The difference between the devices shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is that in the device shown in FIG. 1, the sleeve 2 rotates in the direction of the arrow, and the magnet body 3 rotates in the opposite direction, so that While the magnetic flux densities of the S magnetic pole are approximately equal and good, the second
In the device shown in the figure, the sleeve 2 rotates in the direction of the arrow, but the magnet 3 is fixed, and in the device shown in FIG.
The magnetic flux densities of the fixed magnet body 3ON and the Si pole are not the same, and the magnetic flux density of the N magnetic pole facing the image carrier 1 is different from the other N.

N磁極の磁束密度よりも大であることである。なお、像
担持体lに対向した磁極としては、第3図示のようにN
F11極を並べて対向させてもよいし、M、S磁極を並
べて対向させてもよいことは勿論である。このように複
数個の磁極を対向させることによって、単極を対向させ
た場合よりも現像が安定すると云う効果が得られる。
The magnetic flux density is greater than that of the N magnetic pole. Note that the magnetic pole facing the image carrier l is N as shown in the third figure.
Of course, the F11 poles may be arranged and opposed to each other, or the M and S magnetic poles may be arranged and opposed to each other. By arranging a plurality of magnetic poles to face each other in this manner, it is possible to obtain the effect that development is more stable than when a single pole is posed to face each other.

以上のような装置において、スリーブ2を像担持体lに
対して表面局隙が数10〜1000μmの範囲にあるよ
うに設定して、像担持体1の静電イ象の現像を行うと、
スリーブ20表戸に形成された磁気ブラシは、スリーブ
2あるいは磁石体3の回転に伴ってその表、而の磁束密
度が変化するから、振動しながらスリーブ2上を移動、
するようになり、それによって像担持体lとの間隙を安
定して円滑に通過し、その際像担持体10表面に対し、
均一な現像効果を与えることになって、安定して高いト
ナー濃度の現像を可能にする。それには、かぶりの発生
を防ぐため及び現像効果を向上させるために、スリーブ
、2にバイアス電源10によって振動するバイアスm圧
を印加し、像担持体10基体を接地して、スリーブ2と
像担持体1の間隙に振−電界を形成せしめている。この
バイアス電圧には1.先にも述べた。、ように、好まし
い直流電圧と交流電I″E(7’)車録電0゛用u゛I
z、Q・直流成”゛1の発生を防止し、交流取分が磁気
ブラシに振動を与えて現1象効果を、向止すF・なお、
通常直流!圧成分には非[像部電位と略等しいか、それ
よりも高い50〜600vの電圧か1…いられ、交流電
圧成分には100 H2〜10 kHz 、好ましくは
1〜5 kH2の周波数か用いられる。なお、直流電圧
成分は、トナー粒子が磁性体を含有している場合は、非
画像部電位よりも低くしてよい。交流電圧成分の周波数
が低過ぎると、振動を与れる効果が得られなくなり、高
過きても電界の振動に現像剤が追従できなくなって、現
像fillが低下し、鮮明な高1111質1!!1像が
得られなくりると云う傾向が現われる。また、交流電圧
成分の電圧値は、周波数も関係するが、高い程磁洒ブラ
シを振動きせるようになってそれだけ効、果を増すこと
になるが、その反面高い程がぶりを生じ、易くシ、落雷
現象のような絶縁破壊も起り易くする。しかし、現像剤
りのキャリヤ粒子が樹脂等によって球形化されていると
絶縁破壊を防止する旨、がぶりの発生も直流電圧成分、
で防止される。なお、この交流電圧を印加するスリーブ
2を表面を樹脂や酸化被膜によって絶縁乃至は半絶縁被
覆するようにしてもよい。
In the above-described apparatus, when developing the electrostatic image on the image carrier 1 by setting the sleeve 2 to the image carrier 1 so that the surface gap is in the range of several tens to 1000 μm,
The magnetic brush formed on the front door of the sleeve 20 moves on the sleeve 2 while vibrating because the magnetic flux density on the front side changes as the sleeve 2 or the magnet 3 rotates.
As a result, it passes stably and smoothly through the gap between the image carrier 10 and the surface of the image carrier 10.
It gives a uniform developing effect and enables stable development with high toner density. In order to prevent the occurrence of fog and improve the developing effect, a bias m pressure vibrating by a bias power source 10 is applied to the sleeve 2, the base of the image carrier 10 is grounded, and the sleeve 2 and the image carrier are An oscillating electric field is formed in the gap between the body 1. This bias voltage has 1. I mentioned it earlier. , so that the preferred DC voltage and AC voltage I''E(7') vehicle record voltage 0''u''I
z、Q・Prevents the occurrence of DC component 1, and counteracts the phenomenon effect caused by the AC component giving vibration to the magnetic brushF・Additionally,
Normally DC! For the pressure component, a voltage of 50 to 600 V that is approximately equal to or higher than the non-image potential is used, and for the AC voltage component, a frequency of 100 H2 to 10 kHz, preferably 1 to 5 kHz, is used. It will be done. Note that when the toner particles contain a magnetic material, the DC voltage component may be lower than the potential of the non-image area. If the frequency of the AC voltage component is too low, the effect of applying vibration cannot be obtained, and even if it is too high, the developer cannot follow the vibration of the electric field, resulting in a decrease in development fill and a clear high 1111 quality 1! ! There is a tendency that one image cannot be obtained any more. In addition, the voltage value of the AC voltage component is also related to the frequency, but the higher the voltage value, the more the magnetic brush can be vibrated, which increases the effect. , it also makes it easier for dielectric breakdowns such as those caused by lightning strikes to occur. However, if the carrier particles in the developer are made spherical by a resin or the like, dielectric breakdown can be prevented;
is prevented. Note that the surface of the sleeve 2 to which this AC voltage is applied may be coated with an insulating or semi-insulating coating with a resin or an oxide film.

以上、第1図乃至第3図は現諌剤搬送担体に振動するバ
イアス電圧を印加する例を示しているが、本発明の、現
像方法はそれに限らず、例えは現像剤搬送担体と像担持
体間にWL極クワイヤ数本張設して、それに振動する電
圧を印加するようにしても磁気ブラシに振動を与えて現
像効果を向上させることはできる。その場合も、現像剤
搬送担体には直流バイアス電圧を印加し、あるいは、異
なった振動数の振動戴圧を印加するようにしてもよい。
As described above, FIGS. 1 to 3 show an example in which a vibrating bias voltage is applied to the developer transport carrier, but the developing method of the present invention is not limited to this. Even if several WL polar choirs are stretched between the bodies and a vibrating voltage is applied to them, it is possible to vibrate the magnetic brush and improve the developing effect. In that case as well, a direct current bias voltage may be applied to the developer transport carrier, or vibration pressures of different frequencies may be applied.

また、本発明の方法は反転現像などにも同様に適用でき
る。その場合、直流電圧成分は像担持体の非画像背景)
%における受容電位と略等しい電圧に設定される。さら
に、本発明の方法は絶縁層を有する感光体の現像や磁気
潜像の現像にも同様に適用することができまた本件出蜘
人が先に出願した特願114458−184381号、
同58−183152号、同58−487000号、同
58−187001号にて記載したよりな像担持体を繰
返し現像し複数のトナーを重ね合わせてカラー像を形成
する方式にも適用すことができる。
Furthermore, the method of the present invention can be similarly applied to reversal development and the like. In that case, the DC voltage component is the non-image background of the image carrier)
The voltage is set to be approximately equal to the acceptance potential in %. Furthermore, the method of the present invention can be similarly applied to the development of a photoreceptor having an insulating layer and the development of a magnetic latent image.
It can also be applied to the methods described in No. 58-183152, No. 58-487000, and No. 58-187001 in which a solid image carrier is repeatedly developed and multiple toners are superimposed to form a color image. .

以下実施例によって具体的に説明する。This will be specifically explained below using examples.

実施例1゜ スチレンーアルリル樹脂(三洋化FM、@m、ハイマー
up−140) 100重敏部、カーボンブラック(三
製化氏■IiijMA400 )10重鐵部、ニグロシ
ン5重量部をボールミルで予備混合し、更にエクストル
ーダにより良く溶融混練した。混線物を冷却しジェット
粉砕機で粉砕しトナー試料■を得た。
Example 1 Styrene-alrylic resin (Sanyoka FM, @m, Hymer UP-140) 100 parts by weight, carbon black (Sanseika Iiiij MA400) 10 parts by weight, and 5 parts by weight of nigrosine were premixed in a ball mill. The mixture was then thoroughly melted and kneaded using an extruder. The mixed material was cooled and pulverized using a jet pulverizer to obtain a toner sample (■).

トナーの平均粒径は約10μmであった。The average particle size of the toner was about 10 μm.

前試試料Iを2分し一半をフロー−コーターを・用い約
300℃の熱空気中で処理し球形化しトナー試料■を得
た。試料の粒子の形状はほぼ球形を収しており、長軸対
短軸の長さの比が3=1を越えるものは実質的に含まれ
ていなかった。
Preliminary sample I was divided into two parts, and one half was treated in hot air at about 300 DEG C. using a flow coater to make it spherical, thereby obtaining toner sample (2). The shape of the sample particles was almost spherical, and there were substantially no particles with a length ratio of major axis to minor axis exceeding 3=1.

キャリヤに、平均粒径が30μm、磁化が5Qemu/
11.抵抗率が10”、Q(Mである樹脂コーティング
された球状フェライト粒子からなるものを用い、これを
前記トナー試料11■各50 本mMの混合物、試料I
単独、及び試料■単独とそれぞれ混合して現像剤1.g
、3をm製した。!1図に示した現像装置を備えた静I
t複写機に前記現像剤を1種づつ装填し、それぞれ多数
枚の連続フビー試駆を行った。
The carrier has an average particle size of 30 μm and a magnetization of 5 Qemu/
11. A mixture of resin-coated spherical ferrite particles with a resistivity of 10'' and Q(M) was used, and a mixture of the aforementioned toner samples 11 and 50 mm each, sample I
Developer 1. alone and mixed with sample (1) alone. g
, 3 was manufactured in m. ! Static I equipped with the developing device shown in Figure 1
Each type of developer was loaded into a copying machine, and a large number of sheets of each type of developer were continuously tested.

この場合・像担持体1は無定形シリコン感光体、その周
速は180職/ sec 、像担持体1に形成された静
電像の最高電位−500V S最低電位−10’0Vス
リーブ2あ外径30u+、その回転数10orpm、磁
石体3のNl 5ii4+t!の□磁束密度は900ガ
ウス、その回転数は11000rp、゛現像域Aでの現
像剤層の厚さ0.6 wg−、スリーブ2と像担持体l
とのrillJ−〇、5襲、スリーブ2に印加する)く
イアスミ圧Gゴ直流電圧成分250V、交流電圧成分1
.5 kHz 、 500Vとした。すなわち、この場
合は、第1図に示したように現像剤層は像担持体10表
面に接触するようになっている。
In this case, the image carrier 1 is an amorphous silicon photoreceptor, its circumferential speed is 180 m/sec, the highest potential of the electrostatic image formed on the image carrier 1 is -500V, the lowest potential is -10'0V, the outside of the sleeve 2 is Diameter 30u+, rotation speed 10orpm, magnet body 3 Nl 5ii4+t! □The magnetic flux density is 900 Gauss, the rotation speed is 11000 rpm, the thickness of the developer layer in the development area A is 0.6 wg-, the sleeve 2 and the image carrier l
rillJ-〇, 5th stroke, applied to sleeve 2) Kuiasumi pressure G DC voltage component 250V, AC voltage component 1
.. It was set to 5 kHz and 500V. That is, in this case, the developer layer is brought into contact with the surface of the image carrier 10 as shown in FIG.

現像剤溜り6における現像剤りのトナー粒子比率がキャ
リヤ粒子に対して100重量部なる条4;で現像を行っ
た計トナーの平均帝゛【1ま16μ0/Iであった。
The average impedance of the total toner was 1 to 16 .mu.0/I when the development was carried out under condition 4, in which the toner particle ratio in the developer reservoir 6 was 100 parts by weight relative to the carrier particles.

テストチャートを被写体とし□て複写な(?I/1、上
記の条件で現像して、得られたト゛ナー偉を普通紙にコ
ロ°す放電転viを用し・て転写し、表面温度140℃
の熱ローラ定着装置に1しで定着して複写物を得、その
画質を目視評価した。
Copy the test chart as a subject (?I/1), develop it under the above conditions, transfer the obtained toner onto plain paper using a discharge transfer machine, and use a surface temperature of 140℃.
Copies were obtained by fixing them in one heat roller fixing device, and the image quality was visually evaluated.

試料11■の混合トナーを用いた現像剤lを用いた場合
、得られた記録紙の画像はエツジ効果やかぶりhない、
そして濃度が高いきわめて鮮明な−のであり、引続いて
5万゛枚の記録紙を得たが最初麻ら最iまで安定して変
dない画像を得ることができた。
When developer 1 using the mixed toner of sample 11■ is used, the resulting image on the recording paper has no edge effect or fog.
The image was very clear and had a high density, and even though I subsequently produced 50,000 sheets of recording paper, I was able to obtain an image that was stable and unaltered from beginning to end.

これに対し球形化処理を施してない試料lのトナーのみ
を用いた現像剤2の場合には、他の条件門上記条件と同
じにしても、画像はかぶりや鮮明さにおいて上記混合ト
ナーを用いた場合よりも劣っていた。また球形化トナー
のみからなるトナー試料2を用いた遍佐剤3の場合には
、画像は良好であったが、クリー風ン夛不良による複写
物の背111 実施例2.′ 一施例1のトナーと回正の組成により調部した混線物を
粉砕条件を変えて粉砕し平均粒径5μmの不□定形トナ
ー試料■を作成した。
On the other hand, in the case of developer 2, which uses only the toner of sample 1 that has not been subjected to spheroidization treatment, even if the other conditions are the same as above, the image will be poor in terms of fog and sharpness using the above mixed toner. It was worse than it would have been. In addition, in the case of toner sample 3 using toner sample 2 consisting only of spherical toner, the image was good, but the back of the copy was 111% due to poor cleaning.Example 2. ' A mixed substance prepared according to the composition of the toner and rotation of Example 1 was pulverized by changing the pulverizing conditions to prepare an irregular toner sample □ having an average particle size of 5 μm.

キャリヤに、微粒フェライトを樹脂中に50wt%分散
した平均粒径が20μm1磁化が30emu/g1抵抗
率が1014Ωt1n以上の熱による球形化処理を施し
た磁性粒子からなるものを用い、これを前記不定形トナ
ー試料1■30重量部と実施例1で用いた平均粒夜釣1
0μmの球形化トナー試料70重量部の混合物、試料1
■単独とそれぞれ組合わせて現像剤4.5を得た。第3
図に示した現像装置を備え、その他の部分については実
施例1に用いたものと同様の静Wl複写機を用い、前記
現像剤4゜5及び実施例1に用いた現像剤3(球形化ト
ナーのみを使用したちの)について連続コピー試験を行
った。
The carrier is made of thermally spheroidized magnetic particles with an average particle diameter of 20 μm, magnetization of 30 emu/g, and resistivity of 1014 Ωt1n or more, in which 50 wt% of fine ferrite is dispersed in a resin, and these are made into spheroidized particles by heat. Toner sample 1 30 parts by weight and average particle night fishing 1 used in Example 1
Mixture of 70 parts by weight of 0 μm spheroidized toner sample, Sample 1
(2) A developer of 4.5 was obtained by combining both alone and in combination. Third
Using a static Wl copying machine equipped with the developing device shown in the figure and similar in other parts to that used in Example 1, the developer 4.5 and the developer 3 (spheroidized) used in Example 1 were used. A continuous copy test was conducted using only toner.

この場合の像担持体10条件は実施例1と同じ、スリー
ブ2の外径も30111、但しその1転数は150rp
m 、磁石体3の現像域Aに対向した6j1極の磁束密
度は1200ガウス、現像剤層の厚さ0.6*vtsス
リーブ2と像担持体lとの開@O,フ關、スリーブ2に
印加するバイアス電圧は直流電圧成分−200v1交流
電圧戎分2 kllz 、 1000 Vとした。この
実施例ではスリーブ2上の現像剤層は像担持体1とスリ
ーブ20間隙よりも薄く形成されている。
The conditions for the image carrier 10 in this case are the same as in Example 1, and the outer diameter of the sleeve 2 is also 30111, but the number of revolutions per rotation is 150 rpm.
m, the magnetic flux density of 6j1 pole facing the development area A of the magnet body 3 is 1200 Gauss, the thickness of the developer layer is 0.6*vts, the opening between the sleeve 2 and the image carrier l @O, the opening, the sleeve 2 The bias voltage applied was 1000 V, with a DC voltage component of -200v1 and an AC voltage component of 2kllz. In this embodiment, the developer layer on the sleeve 2 is formed thinner than the gap between the image carrier 1 and the sleeve 20.

現像剤溜り6における現像剤りのトナー比率がキャリヤ
に対して20重i%になる条件で現像を行った。トナー
の平均帯WL量は30μ0/iであった。
Development was carried out under conditions such that the toner ratio in the developer reservoir 6 was 20% by weight relative to the carrier. The average band WL amount of the toner was 30μ0/i.

転写、定着は実施例1と同一条件で行った。Transfer and fixing were performed under the same conditions as in Example 1.

本発明による現像剤4を用いた場合得られた記録物の画
像はエツジ効果やかぶりのない、そして濃度が高いきわ
めて鮮明なものであり、引続いて5万枚の記録紙を得た
か最初から最後まで安定して変らない画像を得ることが
できた。
When the developer 4 according to the present invention was used, the recorded images obtained were very clear, free of edge effects and fog, and of high density. I was able to obtain a stable image that did not change until the end.

これに対して、フローコーター法に←よる熱風球形化処
理を省略したトナー試料■のみを用いた現像剤5の場合
は、他の条件を上記と同一にしても、画像はかぶりや鮮
明さにおいて混合トナーを用いた場合よりも劣っていた
。また球形化トナー試料■のみを用いた現像剤3の場合
画質は良好であったが、クリーニング不良による記録物
の汚れが時折認められた。
On the other hand, in the case of developer 5 using only toner sample ■ which omitted the hot air spheroidization process by the flow coater method, even if the other conditions were the same as above, the image did not suffer from fogging or sharpness. It was inferior to the case using mixed toner. Further, in the case of developer 3 using only the spherical toner sample (3), the image quality was good, but stains on the recorded matter were occasionally observed due to poor cleaning.

実施例3゜ 実施例2で使用した現像剤3,4.5について、実施例
1に用いた静i[写機のクリーニング部をファーブラシ
によるクリーニング装置に換装したものを用いコピー試
−を行、つた。
Example 3: A copy trial was carried out using the developer 3, 4.5 used in Example 2, and the same one used in Example 1, in which the cleaning section of the copying machine was replaced with a cleaning device using a fur brush. , ivy.

この場合の像担持体1の条件は実施例1と同じスリーブ
2の外径も30m5但しその回転数は100 rpm 
S’N 、S極の&a磁束密度700方ウス、その回転
数は500’rpms現像剤層の厚さ06關、スリーブ
2と像担持体1との間隙0.7wt5スリーブ2に印加
する)5イテス電圧は直流電圧成分−2007、交流電
圧成分2 kpm、1000 Vとした。
In this case, the conditions for the image carrier 1 are the same as in Example 1, the outer diameter of the sleeve 2 is also 30 m5, but the rotation speed is 100 rpm.
S'N, &a magnetic flux density of S pole is 700°, its rotation speed is 500'rpm, thickness of developer layer is 06, gap between sleeve 2 and image carrier 1 is 0.7wt5 applied to sleeve 2)5 The ites voltage was 1000 V with a DC voltage component of -2007 and an AC voltage component of 2 kpm.

現像剤溜り6における現像剤りのトナー粒子比率かキャ
リヤ粒子に対して20重量%になる条件で現像を行った
。この場合もトナーの平均帯電量は30μO/IIであ
った。 □ 実験の結果は実施例2の場合とほぼ同様であって、ファ
ーブラシによるクリーニングの場合にも本発明の方法が
有効であることか確認された。
Development was carried out under conditions such that the toner particle ratio in the developer reservoir 6 was 20% by weight relative to the carrier particles. In this case as well, the average charge amount of the toner was 30 μO/II. □ The results of the experiment were almost the same as in Example 2, and it was confirmed that the method of the present invention is effective even when cleaning with a fur brush.

[発明の効果] 以上の実施例から明らかなように、球形及び不定形トナ
ー粒子を混合して用いた二成分現像剤によって振動電界
下で現像する本発明によれは、微細な球形トナーを使用
した場合においても、微細球形トナーの利点を損なうこ
となく、球形化に伴なうクリーニング不良の発生を防止
し、従来の現像方法では得られない、かぶりのない鮮明
性に優れた記録画像、を、得ることができる。
[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above examples, according to the present invention, which develops under an oscillating electric field with a two-component developer using a mixture of spherical and irregularly shaped toner particles, fine spherical toner is used. Even in such cases, the advantages of fine spherical toner are not lost, and cleaning defects caused by spherical toner are prevented, and recorded images with excellent clarity and no fogging, which cannot be obtained with conventional developing methods, are achieved. ,Obtainable.

また二成分1.現像剤中のトナーが磁性を有するもので
あれば、(’、i、磁で潜像に対しても、同様の現像条
件により可視、化でき、、るこ・点は勿論である。
Also two components 1. If the toner in the developer is magnetic, (', i) a magnetic latent image can also be visualized under similar development conditions.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図乃至第3・―はそれぞれ本発明を実施する装置の
例を示す部分概略断2面図である。 l・・・像担持体、 炙・・・スリーブ、3・・・磁石
体、 4・・・規制ブレード、5・・・クリ゛ーニング
ブレード、 6・・・現像剤溜り、 フ・・・攪拌スクリュー、8・
・・トナーホッパー、 9・・・供給四−5、10・・
・パイ了ス電源、11・・・保護抵抗、A・・・現像域
、 D・・・現像剤1 T・・・トナー粒子、 N、S・・・磁極。 代理人 桑原義美 第1図 11 10 第2図 11 1u 第3図 11 10
FIGS. 1 to 3 are partially schematic sectional views showing examples of devices for carrying out the present invention. L... Image bearing member, Roasting... Sleeve, 3... Magnet, 4... Regulating blade, 5... Cleaning blade, 6... Developer reservoir, F... Stirring screw , 8・
...Toner hopper, 9...Supply 4-5, 10...
・Pyrotron power supply, 11...Protection resistor, A...Development area, D...Developer 1 T...Toner particles, N, S...Magnetic pole. Agent Yoshimi Kuwahara Figure 1 11 10 Figure 2 11 1u Figure 3 11 10

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 (1) キャリヤ粒子とトナー粒子とがら成る二成分現
像剤を現像剤搬送担体面に供給し1、該現像剤搬送担体
面上に形成した二成分現像剤層を振動電界下に置き、も
って像担持体面の像を現像する方法において、前記トナ
ー粒子が球形トナー粒子と不定形トナー粒子の混合物で
あることを暫徴とする現像方法。 (2) 前記トナー粒子における不定形粒子の混合率が
20乃至80亀[1%である特許請求の範囲第1項記載
の現像方法。 (3) 前記球形トナー粒子か、その長軸と短軸の比が
3倍以下であり、突起部や稜角部を持たぬものである特
許請求の範囲第1項又は第2゜項記載の現1象方法。 
、 。 (4) 前記振動電界が前記現像剤搬送担体と像担持体
との間に形成される特許請求の範囲第1卑乃至第3項≧
載の現欅方法。 (5) 前記現像剤層が前記像担持体面と現像剤搬送担
体面の間隙よりも層、厚を薄く形成される特許請求の範
囲第1項又は第4項記載の現像方法。 (9)前記キャリヤ粒子が球状粒子である特許鯖、請求
の範囲第1項乃至第5項記載の現像方法。 (7)前記牌佐剤Wllを振動電界により振動させる、
領域において、磁界を時間的に変動させる特、 許請串
の範囲第1項乃至第6項記載の現偉方、法。 1.
[Scope of Claims] (1) A two-component developer consisting of carrier particles and toner particles is supplied to the surface of a developer transporting carrier, and the two-component developer layer formed on the surface of the developer transporting carrier is subjected to an oscillating electric field. A method for developing an image on the surface of an image carrier, wherein the toner particles are a mixture of spherical toner particles and irregularly shaped toner particles. (2) The developing method according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of irregularly shaped particles in the toner particles is 20 to 80 mm [1%]. (3) The present invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spherical toner particles have a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of 3 times or less and have no protrusions or ridges. 1 elephant method.
, . (4) Claims 1 to 3, wherein the oscillating electric field is formed between the developer transport carrier and the image carrier.
Current keyaki method. (5) The developing method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the developer layer is formed to be thinner than the gap between the image carrier surface and the developer transport carrier surface. (9) The developing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the carrier particles are spherical particles. (7) vibrating the adjuvant Wll by an oscillating electric field;
The method according to claim 1 to claim 6, wherein a magnetic field is temporally varied in a region. 1.
JP58240064A 1983-12-20 1983-12-20 Developing method Pending JPS60131547A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58240064A JPS60131547A (en) 1983-12-20 1983-12-20 Developing method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58240064A JPS60131547A (en) 1983-12-20 1983-12-20 Developing method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60131547A true JPS60131547A (en) 1985-07-13

Family

ID=17053945

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58240064A Pending JPS60131547A (en) 1983-12-20 1983-12-20 Developing method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60131547A (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04232965A (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-08-21 Tomoegawa Paper Co Ltd Dry toner
US6125257A (en) * 1995-01-21 2000-09-26 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Methods and systems for cleaning residual toner from image developing device
US6453146B1 (en) 2000-08-25 2002-09-17 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd Cleaning blade for latent image holding member, apparatus for forming image and process for forming image
US7123872B2 (en) 2002-09-11 2006-10-17 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Cleaning device and method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge
JP2006293335A (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-10-26 Ricoh Co Ltd Image forming apparatus, toner for image formation, and process cartridge
US7142804B2 (en) * 2001-04-18 2006-11-28 Oki Data Corporation Toner, toner cartridge that holds the toner therein, and image forming apparatus into which the toner cartridge is attached

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57130052A (en) * 1981-02-06 1982-08-12 Canon Inc Developing method
JPS58184158A (en) * 1982-04-21 1983-10-27 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Developing method of electrostatic image

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57130052A (en) * 1981-02-06 1982-08-12 Canon Inc Developing method
JPS58184158A (en) * 1982-04-21 1983-10-27 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Developing method of electrostatic image

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04232965A (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-08-21 Tomoegawa Paper Co Ltd Dry toner
US6125257A (en) * 1995-01-21 2000-09-26 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Methods and systems for cleaning residual toner from image developing device
US6453146B1 (en) 2000-08-25 2002-09-17 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd Cleaning blade for latent image holding member, apparatus for forming image and process for forming image
US7142804B2 (en) * 2001-04-18 2006-11-28 Oki Data Corporation Toner, toner cartridge that holds the toner therein, and image forming apparatus into which the toner cartridge is attached
US7123872B2 (en) 2002-09-11 2006-10-17 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Cleaning device and method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge
JP2006293335A (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-10-26 Ricoh Co Ltd Image forming apparatus, toner for image formation, and process cartridge
JP4676909B2 (en) * 2005-03-16 2011-04-27 株式会社リコー Image forming apparatus and process cartridge

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