JPS5987340A - Method of measurement of concentration in water current model - Google Patents
Method of measurement of concentration in water current modelInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5987340A JPS5987340A JP57196096A JP19609682A JPS5987340A JP S5987340 A JPS5987340 A JP S5987340A JP 57196096 A JP57196096 A JP 57196096A JP 19609682 A JP19609682 A JP 19609682A JP S5987340 A JPS5987340 A JP S5987340A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- bubbles
- current
- flow
- concentration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007794 visualization technique Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/36—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
- Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、水流モデルにおいて非１妾触状！？！＋ Ｈ
に流れ場の任意個所の瞬間的な濃度を測定りる方法に関
Ｊる、１
従来、水流モデルにおいて淵麿を測定でる方法としく（
ま、流体の一部を抽出づるサンプリング法と流れ場を作
り出づ一方の流体に塩水を使用しτ加分温度の変化を電
気伝導度の変化として測定覆る電気的測定η、とがある
。しかし、これらの温度測定法は、いずれも流れ場内に
抽出管あるいはｌ？ンザを設（「ｊしなければならない
接触型のため、流体の流れを実際のものと異なるものに
変えてしまう問題がある。また、サンプリング法に４３
いては、瞬間々々の濃度変化を測定できず、平均化され
たものとして把えるしかなく、測定精度が低下するとい
う欠点がある。また、電気的測定法においては、濃度変
化を電気的にしか把握覆ることができず、併せて流れの
現象を目視観察Ｊることができない。斯様に、水流上デ
ルにおいて非接触状態下で瞬間的な濃度を精確に測定す
る方法、殊に流れの現象を併゛ｌて１８？観察できる方
法は従来から存在しなかった。尚、流れ全域の動向を一
目でＩＩＱ察でさる可視化法どして気泡をｉ〜レーサに
用いる気泡式１〜ｌノーリー法が古くから使用されてい
るが、この方法は微細かつ均質な気泡を流体に密に含ま
ｔｌ（Ｑないため定ＩＢ化できないので温度測定には従
来から使用でさイ【い。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a non-contact model in a water flow model! ? ! ＋H
Regarding the method of measuring the instantaneous concentration at any point in the flow field, 1. Conventionally, there was a method for measuring the concentration in a water flow model (
Well, there is a sampling method that extracts a part of the fluid, and an electrical measurement η that creates a flow field and uses salt water as one of the fluids and measures the change in temperature by adding τ as a change in electrical conductivity. However, all of these temperature measurement methods require an extraction tube or l? Since it is a contact type that requires a sample sensor to be set up ("j"), there is a problem that the fluid flow may be changed to something different from the actual flow.
In this case, it is not possible to measure moment-to-moment changes in concentration, and the only way to understand it is as an averaged value, which has the disadvantage of reducing measurement accuracy. Furthermore, in the electrical measurement method, concentration changes can only be detected electrically, and flow phenomena cannot be visually observed. In this way, a method for accurately measuring instantaneous concentration under non-contact conditions in a water flow del, especially in conjunction with flow phenomena, is proposed. Until now, there has been no method for observing this. In addition, the bubble type 1-l Norley method, which uses air bubbles as an i-laser, has been used for a long time as a visualization method that allows IIQ to detect trends in the entire flow area at a glance. Since it is not densely contained in the fluid and cannot be made constant IB, it cannot be used for temperature measurement.
本発明は、気泡を１〜レーりどｌ）で用い、水流モデル
におい−て非１区触状態下に流れ場の任意個所の瞬間的
な濃度を測定し１０る方法を提供りることを目的とする
。The present invention provides a method for measuring the instantaneous concentration at any point in a flow field under non-contact conditions in a water flow model using air bubbles of 1 to 10 degrees. purpose.
斯かる目的を達成りるため、本発明は、モデル水槽と圧
力水供給源とを繋ぐ管路に直径３ｍｍ以下の小孔を少な
くと（−）１つ穿孔したＡリフイスを設置ｔノ”ｃ−Ａ
リフイス通過時の局所的圧力低下に伴う脱気現象によっ
て微細かつ均質な気泡を水流中に大間に出現さ１！、こ
の微細かつ均質な気泡を密に含む水流（・水槽内に流れ
場を再現ｌ）、この流れ場【、ニスリット・光を当てて
気泡での乱反ｑ・ｉにより任意断面にお１−ｊる流れを
可視化Ｊる一方、散乱光をＴＶカメラで囮影しこれをモ
ニタテレビのブラウン管に映し出づど共に任意の点にＡ
３りる１１シ乱尤の強さを前記ブラウン？１１のノＡ１
−レンりて測定して電気的信号（４二変換し、これを前
記水槽の水流噴出Ｄ ＋ｊ近のｊｊシ乱光からｊＩＪら
１また幇卑電気ｆハ８ど比較演ｎ１）測定点にｉｌ’３
ｔノる１Ｉｉ８ 葭を求めるようにしたｔ）のである
。In order to achieve such an objective, the present invention installs an A-refrigerator with at least one (-) small hole with a diameter of 3 mm or less in the pipeline connecting the model water tank and the pressure water supply source. -A
Due to the degassing phenomenon caused by the local pressure drop when passing through the refill, fine and homogeneous air bubbles appear in the water flow1! , This water flow densely contains fine and homogeneous air bubbles (reproducing the flow field in the water tank), and this flow field [, 1- While visualizing the flowing flow, we use a TV camera to capture the scattered light and project it on the cathode ray tube of the TV monitor.
3 Riruru 11 Shi Ranyu's strength as mentioned above Brown? 11 no A1
- Measure the electric signal (42 conversion and convert it to the water jet D + j of the aquarium near jj scattered light to jIJ et al. il'3
tnoru1Ii8 This is t), which was made to look for yoshi.
１ズ下ホ発明を図面に示？Ｊ装置にＪｌ（づいて詳細に
説明づ−る。Is the invention shown in the drawing? The J device is equipped with Jl (details will be explained below).
第１図に本発明方法を実施りる水流ｔアル可視化装置を
概略図で示ず５．この可視化装置に１１、可視化しよう
とづる流れ場を再現するＬ−１゛ル水槽（以ト水槽と略
称づる）１と、この水槽１に気泡４を混入さｌだ流体・
水を例えば底面から供給りる流体供給コニツ［・２及び
水槽１内の流れ場にスリット光５を照用ｑるスリット光
源３どから主ＬＺ、 ｔＭ成されている。この可視化装
置において、水槽′１の底面から流入した流体は、水槽
１内に、 ｉｌ３いて流４′１場を再現（〕Ｉこの１つ
水槽１の上方の１ノ１水１−１６から図示１ノない１ノ
１水管を通じて川水される。１ノ１水ｋＬ気泡以外の異
物を含んＣおらず又気泡も 部を除い（− 、５−
再び水に溶（〕込んで・しまうため、何らの処ｒり！を
施す−ことイ１−＜イのｉｌ ：Ｌυ１水Ｉノて１）Ｊ
：いし、そのままの状態で再使用Ｊるごとも可能である
。尚、流体を水１ｆ’ｌ １の１−プｊから尋人１ノ底
面からυｉ水りることも、また側壁から導入づ−ること
もある。FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a water flow visualization device for carrying out the method of the present invention.5. This visualization device includes an L-1 water tank (hereinafter referred to as water tank) 1 that reproduces the flow field to be visualized, and a fluid containing air bubbles 4 mixed into this water tank 1.
The main LZ and tM are composed of a fluid supply unit 2 that supplies water from the bottom, for example, and a slit light source 3 that illuminates the flow field in the water tank 1 with a slit light 5. In this visualization device, the fluid flowing from the bottom of the tank '1 flows into the tank 1, and the flow 4'1 field is reproduced. River water is poured into the river through water pipes that do not contain water.1 kL of water does not contain any foreign substances other than air bubbles, and air bubbles are also removed (-, 5- because they dissolve (incorporate) into the water again. Do something wrong!
:It is also possible to reuse it in its original state. Incidentally, the fluid may be drained from the bottom of the body 1 from the water 1f'l 1, or may be introduced from the side wall.
ここＣ゛、１１１１記水槽１に流体・水を供給田る流体
供給コニツ１〜２は、図示しない圧力水供給源と水槽１
の流体噴出１−１７とを結ぶ費路８の途中に設けられた
ΔリノＣス９とから成り、２９７１２９部分における局
所的減圧作用に伴う脱気現象にＪ−っ−（圧送される流
体中に固溶されている空気を気泡４として流体中に出現
させ、気泡４を人ｍに含んだ流体と（〕Ｃ供給づるらの
である。Here, fluid supply units 1 and 2 supplying fluid and water to the water tank 1 in 1111 are connected to a pressure water supply source (not shown) and the water tank 1.
Δ Reno CS 9 is installed in the middle of the passage 8 connecting the fluid jet 1-17 of 297129. The air solidly dissolved in the liquid is made to appear in the fluid as bubbles 4, and the air containing the bubbles 4 is mixed with the fluid containing the air (C).
Ａリンス９は、直径３＋ｎｍ１ｘ下の小孔を少な（どし
１つ穿孔したものである。Ａリフイス９の小孔のｆ￥ど
発／１気泡４の直径及び均質栢どには密接な関連１／Ｉ
があり、小孔直径が３ＩＩｌ１１１を越えると、発生気
泡４が極めて不均質どなり精密な測定や定量測定に適さ
なくなる。一般に気泡をトレーサとして使用りる場合、
流れへの追随ｖ１不良による誤差及４−
びＩ”ｌ Ｊ）にＪ、る誤差を名慮りれぽ、可視化に、
１、る最適イヱ気泡直径はＯ１○Ｇ〜Ｑ、２ｍｍの範囲
であることが好ましく、更に気泡４の水中への溶１ノ込
みが〒明に起こらない」、うな条件を鑑みれば０．１１
１ ｎｌ ｉ？ｉ ｔｕが最もり了まｌノい。イこで、
Ａリフイス９の径と発（１：気泡４の粒径割合との関係
を求めた本発明名等の実験結果（第３図）によると、１
ｉｌＴ？￥３ｍｍのΔリフｒス９では可視化に最適イ【
直径Ｑ、２ｍｍ以−Ｆの気泡４が７０％程度を占めその
平均直ｆ〒４．１０．１１３ｍｍであつ′Ｃ概ね均質な
−ｂのであるが、直径４ｍｍのＡリフイス９になると直
径Ｑ、２ｍｍ以下の気泡が３０％程磨と低く不均質とな
る。この実験結果から好ましいＡリフイス径は、φ１，
５ｆｆｌｌｌ＋以下であり、最も好ましくはφＱ、８ｎ
ｖ以下φ０．５ｍｍ以上である。自在０．５ｍｍ未満の
Ａリノｒス９を除いたのは流体中の塵で目詰りを起こし
却って気泡発生が不安定どなるからであり、上流に効果
的なノＣルタを設置］ノて塵を完全に除去できるのであ
れば０．５ｍｍ未満の直「でし良い。第３図の実験結果
にＪ、るど、Ａリフイス径０．８ｎｖで９ｋｑ／ｃ口１
２のｎ−力を加λた場合、１（１ｔ￥０．０７８１〜０
．２１０６ｍｍの範囲の気泡４が発生していることが拡
人写貞をマイク［］ス］−プで８１１１定することにＪ
、り確認された。イして、イのどぎの気泡の平均的径は
ほぼＱ、１ｍｍで可視化昼間の中で最も好ましい気泡径
どいえる。ここで、流量を増加する場合には、Ａリフイ
ス９の小孔をふやして発生気泡を増♀りることにＪ、り
流イホ中に含まれる気泡の金石率を一定にできる。A-rinse 9 has a small number of small holes with a diameter of 3 + nm 1x. 1/I
If the diameter of the small pore exceeds 3IIl111, the generated bubbles 4 become extremely heterogeneous and unsuitable for precise measurement or quantitative measurement. Generally, when using air bubbles as a tracer,
Errors due to poor tracking of the flow and errors caused by I"l J) are reported and visualized.
1. The optimum bubble diameter is preferably in the range of 2 mm, and furthermore, considering the following conditions, the bubble diameter is preferably in the range of 2 mm. 11
1 nl i? i tu is the best. Right here,
According to the experimental results (Fig. 3) of the present invention, which determined the relationship between the diameter of the A-rifice 9 and the ratio of particle size of bubbles 4 to 1.
ilT? ￥3mm ΔRefs 9 is ideal for visualization [
About 70% of the bubbles 4 have a diameter Q of 2 mm or more, and their average diameter is 4.10.113 mm. Air bubbles of 2 mm or less are polished by about 30%, resulting in low and non-uniformity. From this experimental result, the preferable diameter of the A recess is φ1,
5ffllll+, most preferably φQ, 8n
v or less and φ0.5 mm or more. The reason why A-linos 9 with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm was excluded is that dust in the fluid can cause clogging and cause unstable bubble generation, so an effective no-C filter was installed upstream. If it can be completely removed, a straight cut of less than 0.5 mm is fine.The experimental results in Figure 3 show that J, Rudo, and A have a diameter of 0.8 nv and a 9 kq/c opening.
When applying λ of 2 n-forces, 1 (1t￥0.0781~0
．． J
, was confirmed. Therefore, the average diameter of the bubbles in the throat is approximately Q, 1 mm, which is the most preferable bubble diameter during the daytime visualization. Here, when increasing the flow rate, by increasing the number of bubbles generated by increasing the number of small holes in the A refill 9, the proportion of bubbles contained in the flow rate can be kept constant.
まｌこ、水槽１は、本実施例の場合、アクリル樹脂やガ
ラス等の透光ｆｌ祠利にＪ、って横断面方形の角筒形に
形成されて４５す、上方にｉｌｌ水口６を底面に水流噴
出［１７を有する１、この水槽１は、ノズルＶ）バーブ
等の水流モデルの場合に（Ｊ、流れ場を形成！１゛るた
めの容器に過ぎないが、ファーネス内の流体の流れを１
＋Ｊ視化づる場合雪にはでれ自体が℃ア′ルの一部とし
て使用される１、シたがって、水槽１の形状は図示さ１
１ているものに限ら１１づ゛、円筒Ｖ〉エルボ管形等の
必要に応じた種々の形状を採り得る。まＩＪ、水槽底面
の水流噴出「１７には観察しようどする流れ場を再現づ
゛るモデル例ンばノズル■−デルやバーナモデル１０等
が一般に取イ・１【プ１うれる５゜もっども、［デルを
水流噴出ロアから頗して水（ｆ１１１内にｍ置し、水流
噴出ロアにおいては流れにｆｉｔら変化をｔｉえない揚
台もある。本実施例の場名、バーナノズルモデル１０と
バーナモデル１０“ル゛１１どが段「１され、燃￥１１
と空気の混合状態、ぞのｉ！ｉ’１合などを測定する！
こめ、バーナノズルモデル１０から１；１気泡４が混入
された流体（燃１１１に相当覆る）を噴出させるどＪξ
にその周囲からは気泡がｉ［１１人（＼れでいない流体
（二次空気に相当７」る）を噴出さイｊ
１ｊでバーナタイルモデル９内で両省を混合１ｇ１ｉる
ように設けられている。勿論、この水流噴出１１７の個
数及び位］６は図示のものに限られ４ｒい６３例λば、
フッ・−ネスに複数のバーナをｉｉＱ １ｆｆｌｌ ７
する場合の水流モア゛ルのとぎにはバーノーの配ｊＩＩ
位買が熱分／ｌｉにうえる影響を水流モデルを使用し了
観寮りる場合があるからである。尚、本実施１！’ＩＩ
の水槽１は周に♀全面を透光↑ＩＩ ＋Ｊ Ｐ＋で形成
］ノていることから、観察者ないし観察機器に対向する
而がＩＱ察窓に相当 ７−
し、スリット光源３に対向りる而が入射光窓に相当する
。しかし、水槽１は全周壁面を透光性月利で形成１ｊる
必要はなく、少なくとも観察窓と入射光窓がイうであれ
ば足りる。この観察窓と入ｑ・Ｉ光窓は、スリット光５
の入射方向と９０〜１／１５度の角度の位「１で最適の
乱反射が１！Ｊられることからでの範囲に位（ｎさせて
お（Ｊば良く、水槽１を円筒型に形成覆る場合には周壁
の９０〜１４５度の範囲を透孔材料で形成することにに
り代えることができる。尚、観察窓と入射光窓を除く他
の周壁面（底面を含む）を光吸収体で形成づれば、観察
室内の照明を落とさずとも気泡のみが散乱光によって目
立つので観察が容易である。ここで、光吸収体とは水槽
１の内面のみを黒色に名色したものでも良い１、史に、
流れ場の状態を流れ方向と直交する面部ら輪切りに（）
てＷｌ察づる揚台には、流れ場を横切るスリット光５に
対して９０〜１４５度の範囲とは水槽１の天１［・上方
と４Ｔる。したがって、この場合には水槽１の上方に観
察？′ｉない（〕観察（幾器を設置Ｆｌする。In the case of this embodiment, the water tank 1 is made of a transparent material such as acrylic resin or glass and is formed into a rectangular cylinder shape with a square cross section. This water tank 1 has a water jet [17] on the bottom surface, and is only a container for forming a flow field in the case of a water flow model such as a nozzle V) barb. flow 1
+J In the case of visualization, the snow flakes themselves are used as part of the temperature chamber 1, so the shape of the water tank 1 is as shown in the figure.
It can take various shapes depending on needs, such as 11mm, cylindrical V, elbow shape, etc. IJ, water jet on the bottom of the aquarium ``17'' is a model that reproduces the flow field to be observed. Hello, there is also a platform where the water jet is placed in the water (f111) from the water jet lower, and in the water jet lower, it is not possible to change the flow. 10 and burner model 10" Ru 11 is stage 1, fuel ¥11
The mixture of air and air, Zono i! Measure i'1 go etc.!
Then, from the burner nozzle model 10, fluid mixed with 1;1 air bubbles 4 (corresponding to the fuel 111) is ejected.
Air bubbles spew out from the surrounding area (equivalent to secondary air). Of course, the number and order of the water jets 117 are limited to those shown in the figure.
Multiple burners in the fu-ness iiQ 1ffll 7
In case of water flow mower, use Burno's arrangement
This is because a water flow model may be used to evaluate the effect of heat exchange on heat/li. In addition, this implementation 1! 'II
Since the entire surface of the aquarium 1 is formed of transparent ↑II +JP+, the part facing the observer or observation equipment corresponds to the IQ observation window, and faces the slit light source 3. This corresponds to the incident light window. However, the entire circumference of the water tank 1 does not need to be made of transparent material, and it is sufficient if at least the observation window and the incident light window are clear. This observation window and the input q/I light window are slit light 5.
The angle between 90 and 1/15 degrees from the direction of incidence is set at an angle of 90 to 1/15 degrees. In some cases, the 90 to 145 degree range of the peripheral wall can be replaced with a transparent material.In addition, the other peripheral wall surfaces (including the bottom surface) other than the observation window and the incident light window can be made of light absorbing material. If formed in this way, it is easy to observe the bubbles because only the bubbles stand out due to the scattered light without turning off the lighting in the observation room.Here, the light absorber may be one in which only the inner surface of the aquarium 1 is painted black. In history,
Slice the flow field state from the plane perpendicular to the flow direction ()
At the lifting platform, it can be seen that the range of 90 to 145 degrees with respect to the slit light 5 that crosses the flow field is 4T above and above the water tank 1. Therefore, in this case, observe above the aquarium 1? 'I don't have it (] Observation (I set up some equipment Fl.
８−
史に水槽１内にスリット＞１’、 ！５を照射づるスー
ツ１〜光源３は、公知のいかなる手段でもにい、１例λ
ぽ、スライド映写機にスリン１〜を入れた板を届し込み
スリン１〜光を得る」、うにしてｔ）良い。この場合、
スリットの切込み方向を変えた幾枚かのスリブｌ−板を
用意覆ることにより流れの任忌の断面を透過り°るスリ
ット・光５を青ることがでざる。スリット光５は気泡１
に当たって乱反０’ｌ ＝Ｊるが、での散乱光は光が入
ｑ・ｌした方向から９０・〜１’１５磨の範囲で最もＪ
、＜検出される１、５↑（１を有している。尚、気泡４
の径が充分微細かっ一様であるとすれば散乱光の強度は
ｉｌｉ位休槓体の気泡個数即ち気泡数密度に比例すると
肖えられ、ぞれは散乱光の強度が濃度に対応りることを
意味刀る。8- Slit >1' in water tank 1, ! The suit 1 to the light source 3 for irradiating the light 5 may be provided by any known means, for example λ
``Put the board containing Surin 1~ into the slide projector and get Surin 1~ light.''That's good. in this case,
By preparing and covering several slit plates with different cutting directions of the slits, the slits and the light 5 that pass through an arbitrary cross section of the flow can be made blue. Slit light 5 is bubble 1
0'l=J, but the scattered light at
, <detected 1, 5↑(1. Note that the bubble 4
If the diameter of the bubble is sufficiently fine and uniform, the intensity of the scattered light can be said to be proportional to the number of bubbles in the resting body, that is, the bubble number density, and the intensity of the scattered light corresponds to the concentration. It means sword.
てこで、゛まず、圧力水供給源から水槽１に向（−１で
流体を圧送づる際に、オリフィス９【こｉｌＪ Ｉ“Ｊ
る局所的減圧作用に伴なうＩＱ気現象によって流体内に
固溶されている空気を可視化に最適な微細かつ均質な気
泡として流体中に密に出現ざ１Ｌる。１イしＣ１この微
細かつ均質４Ｔ気泡を密に含んだ流体で水槽１内に所望
の流れ場を再現りる。てこへ、スリット・光５を照０・
１づると、スリブ１−光５が気泡４にＪ：つて乱反則し
１）（乱するのＣ１水流中にお（づる気泡４の存在が第
４図に示１゛Ｊ：うに火の粉の如く明瞭に表われ流れを
可視化づる。このとき、散乱光の強度は１１１位体積中
の気泡ＩＩ！ｉｔ数即気泡密１身数に比例づると考えら
４１、でれは散乱光の強度が濃度に比例覆ることを意味
づることから、気泡の流体中における粗Ｖ＋７状ｆぷ即
′ａ度を散乱光の強度という観点から目視観察できる。With a lever, first, when pumping fluid from the pressure water supply source to the water tank 1 (-1), press the orifice 9 [oil J
Due to the IQ gas phenomenon accompanying the local decompression effect, the air solidly dissolved in the fluid appears densely in the fluid as fine and homogeneous bubbles that are ideal for visualization. 1 and C1 A desired flow field is reproduced in the water tank 1 with this fluid densely containing fine and homogeneous 4T bubbles. To the lever, illuminate the slit light 5 and 0.
Figure 4 shows the presence of bubble 4 in the water flow. The intensity of the scattered light is clearly expressed and the flow is visualized.At this time, the intensity of the scattered light is considered to be proportional to the number of bubbles in the volume, which is equivalent to the number of bubbles in the volume. This means that the rough V+7 shape fp'a of bubbles in the fluid can be visually observed from the viewpoint of the intensity of scattered light.
更に、この水槽１内の流れは、第２図に示Ｊように、水
槽仝而のＴＶカメラ２０で撮影されてモニタテレビ２１
のブラウン管に映し出される。イして、ブラウン管上の
（ｆ意の点にお（ノる１ｉｉ１１度の変化即ら散乱光の
変化がブラウン管上のフΔｌ−Ｌ−ンザ２２にＪ、って
測定され電気的信号例えば電圧の変化どして検出さねる
。この測定電圧は、フィルタ２３を通してモニタテレビ
２１の画面のスキャン信号が除去された後、１〜ランジ
Ｔン１へ１ノ］−ダ２／１か１うＡシロスコープ２５又
はＸＹレコーダ２６へ出力され、測定点にお（）る散乱
光の変化［１１１）５濃度変化が測定４丁いし記録され
る。ここで、流体の１ｌｉ１１度は、散乱光の強度が単
位体相中の気泡個故即ｌ）気泡密度数に比例りるど化λ
られ目つイの中位体積中の気泡個数が混合状態にある一
流体に占める気泡を含む流体の割合い即ら濃度が低下り
るにつれて低減Ｊることから、気泡を含む流体が他の流
体ど混わる前の流体噴出口にお（）る散乱光の明るさを
↓マ準にして陣出づることができる。つ２１：す、任意
の点における′ａ度はその点におりる測定電圧を基準電
圧で除づ゛ることにより求められる。１測定位置の変更
は、モニタ７−レビ２１のブラウン管上のフォトレンサ
２２を移動ざ１」ることに、１、っても行ない１ｑるが
、ブラウン管の中央が周辺、１゜りも安定かつ明るい輝
度を得ることができるので、フオｌ−ｔレザ２２の位１
６を固定（）た：１、）１１丁Ｖカメラ２０を［・ラバ
ース（図示省略）にて微動させることにＪ、り撮影個所
を変更りる方が好ま１ノい。尚、ブラウン管上における
散乱光の胛皮測定に際しては、測定領域中もっともＩｌ
ｔ’ｉい部分でも微小出力例−１１−
えば３ｍＶ１’ｉ！Ｕを承りように、またもっとし明る
い部分が１ｌｌｌ＋定レンジの最大値近くになるにうに
モニタの調整を行なう必要がある。Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
projected on a cathode ray tube. Then, the change of 11 degrees, that is, the change of the scattered light, is measured at a point (f) on the cathode ray tube, and an electrical signal such as a voltage After the scan signal from the screen of the monitor television 21 is removed through the filter 23, this measured voltage is applied to the range T to 1 from 1 to 2/1 or from 1 to A. It is output to the oscilloscope 25 or the XY recorder 26, and the change in the scattered light at the measurement point [111) 5 concentration change is recorded from the measurement point.Here, 1li11 degrees of the fluid is the intensity of the scattered light. is the number of bubbles in the unit phase, so l) The rounding λ is proportional to the number of bubbles.
The number of bubbles in the medium volume of the fluid in the mixed state decreases as the proportion of the fluid containing bubbles in the mixed fluid, that is, the concentration decreases. You can set the brightness of the scattered light at the fluid spout before it mixes with ↓ as standard. 21: The degree 'a' at any point can be found by dividing the measured voltage at that point by the reference voltage. 1. The measurement position can be changed by moving the photolenser 22 on the cathode ray tube of the monitor 7-revision 21. Since it is possible to obtain bright brightness, it is possible to obtain bright brightness, so it is possible to obtain
6 is fixed (): 1,) It is preferable to move the 11 V camera 20 slightly with a rubber (not shown), or to change the shooting location. In addition, when measuring the scattering of light on a cathode ray tube, it is necessary to
Example of a small output even in a small part -11- For example, 3mV1'i! In order to accept U, it is necessary to adjust the monitor so that the brightest part is close to the maximum value of 1llll + constant range.
まｌ、二、散乱光の測定は、水槽１内に流れ場を再現で
るのと同ＩＬｌｌ進行さＶる必要はない。水槽１内に再
現された流れ場をＴＶカメラ２０で撮影して図示１ノ４
」−いビフ゛Ａ装謂に録画１ノでおぎ、これをモニタテ
レビ２１に映し出づことにより何１ｍも測定ができる。First, second, it is not necessary to measure the scattered light in the same way as the flow field in the water tank 1 can be reproduced. The flow field reproduced in the water tank 1 was photographed with the TV camera 20 and is shown in Figure 1-4.
By making a recording on a new BIF A equipment and displaying it on the monitor television 21, measurements can be made over many meters.
しかも、狭く複雑な流れ舅であってセン＋Ｊ゛を設問す
ることが従来不可能な処でも、撮影゛する際にズームア
ラプリ゛ることににリファＩｔ−ｔンリ２２の相対的小
形化を図れば測定が可能どなる。Moreover, even in narrow and complicated areas where it is impossible to ask questions about Sen + J, it is possible to reduce the relative size of the Ref. Measurement possible.
ここて、フＡ１〜レンｉｊ−２２は、光学的信号を電気
的信号に変換する乙ので、本実施例の場合フォトダイア
１−ドが使用されているがこれに限られない。Here, since the lenses A1 to ij-22 convert optical signals into electrical signals, photodiodes 1-2 are used in this embodiment, but the invention is not limited to this.
モニタテレビ２１のブラウン管の輝度変化からフォトレ
ン→ノ２２を通して１ｑられた各測定点における濃度か
らは、−１ンビユータを利用しである燃焼モデルに対応
さけることにより燃料と空気の混合割合を弾出すれば、
燃焼部Ｉ身やＣＯ出、０２ ｍ＝ １２＝
等の分布状態をヨ次元し１ル化できる。From the concentration at each measurement point obtained from the change in the brightness of the cathode ray tube of the monitor television 21 through the photo lens 22, it is possible to calculate the mixing ratio of fuel and air by using a -1 viewer and applying a combustion model. Ba,
The distribution state of combustion part I, CO output, 02 m= 12=, etc. can be transformed into one dimension.
以Ｊ−の説明Ｊ、り明らかなにうに、本発明の濃度測定
方法は、微細かつ均質な気泡を密に含む水流で再現され
た流れ揚（こスリン１〜光を当てて気１ｑで乱反則させ
ることにより任意断面におりる流れを可視化でる一方、
その散乱光をＴＶカメラで１最彰してモニタテレビのブ
ラウン管に映し出すと」（に任意のＩｊ、口こＪ３ける
散乱光の強さをブラウン管」−のフォトヒンサで電気的
信号に変換して測定（］、単イＯ体積中にお【′Ｊる気
泡数即ら濃度と散乱光の強度との間の相似関係に基づい
て１１１度を求めるので、非接触状態下に瞬間的濃度を
測定で・きる。つまり、本測定方法によれば、流れを変
えることなく精確に濃度測定ができる。しかも、本測定
方法は、気泡を含む流体で流れ場を形成し、これにスリ
ブ１−光を当て、て任意断面における流れの可視化を図
っているので、濃度測定と同時に定性的測定ら可能であ
る（）、散乱光の強弱にＪ、つて流れ全域に１１３１Ｊ
る濃度変化が一目で観察できる。また、本測定方法は、
流れ場をＴＶカメラで撮影し、ｔニタ７１ノビにＩｌ’
Ｊ！ シ出してからフォトセンザで測定覆るようにして
いるので、流れ場の任意の場所を任意の大ぎさに拡大し
て測定できると共にビデオ装置に録画しておけば実際の
水流実験を行なわずどもいつでも測定できる。Explanation of the following: As is clear, the concentration measurement method of the present invention is based on the method of measuring the concentration of water that is reproduced by a water flow densely containing fine and homogeneous air bubbles. While it is possible to visualize the flow that falls on an arbitrary cross section by making it contrarian,
When the scattered light is captured by a TV camera and projected onto the CRT of a monitor TV, the intensity of the scattered light can be measured by converting it into an electrical signal using the CRT's photo sensor. (), 111 degrees is determined based on the similarity between the number of bubbles (i.e., the concentration) in a single O volume and the intensity of scattered light, so the instantaneous concentration can be measured in a non-contact state.・In other words, according to this measurement method, concentration can be measured accurately without changing the flow.Furthermore, this measurement method forms a flow field with a fluid containing bubbles, and shines the light onto this. Since the flow is visualized in an arbitrary cross section, it is possible to perform qualitative measurements at the same time as concentration measurements ().
Changes in concentration can be observed at a glance. In addition, this measurement method is
The flow field was photographed with a TV camera and posted on tnita71novi.
J! Since the water is taken out and then measured using a photo sensor, it is possible to enlarge any part of the flow field to any size and measure it, and if it is recorded on a video device, it can be measured at any time without having to conduct an actual water flow experiment. can.
第１図は本発明に係る水流モデルにおける濃度測定方法
を実施する装置のうノ５可視化装置部分の概略図、第２
図は同じ＜ｉ度測定装置部分の概略図、第３図はオリフ
ィス径と気泡粒径割合との関係を求めた実験結架を示づ
グラフ、第４図は可視化されｌζ流れ場を示す説明図で
ある。
１・・・水槽、 ３・・・スリット・光源、 ４・・・
気泡、５・・・スリン１−・光、 ８・・・管路、 ９
・・・オリフィス、２０・・・Ｔ Ｖカメラ、 ２１・
・・モニタテレビ、２２・・・フオトレンサ。
特訂出願人 日本フフ・−ネス■業株式会礼１５−
第３図
くｔ；で′Ｉ艷生甲し乍すノイ又ｆｔ （ｍｍφ）第４
図Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the Uno 5 visualization device part of the apparatus for implementing the concentration measurement method in the water flow model according to the present invention;
The figure is a schematic diagram of the same < i degree measuring device part, Figure 3 is a graph showing the experimental results for determining the relationship between the orifice diameter and the bubble particle size ratio, and Figure 4 is an explanation showing the visualized lζ flow field. It is a diagram. 1...Aquarium, 3...Slit/light source, 4...
Bubbles, 5...Surin 1-・Light, 8... Pipeline, 9
...orifice, 20...TV camera, 21.
・・Monitor TV, 22・・Phototrancer. Special Applicant Nippon Fufu - Ness ■ Industry Co., Ltd. 15 - Fig. 3 (mmφ) No. 4
figure
Claims (1)
下の小孔を少なくとも１つ穿孔したオリフィスを設四し
てオリフィス通過１１の局所的圧力低下に伴う脱気現象
ににつて微細かつ均質を丁気泡を水流中に大量に出現さ
Ｖ、この微細かつ均穎な気泡を密に含む水流で水槽内に
流れ場を再現１ノ、この流れ場にスリット光を当てて気
泡での乱反射にＪ、す＋ｆ息断面におりる流れを可視化
Ｊる一方、散乱光をＴＶカメラで撮影しこれをモニタテ
１ノどのブラウン管に映し出すと共に任意の点にお（Ｊ
る散乱光の強さを前記ブラウン管上の）Ａ！〜レン°す
″（゛測定して電気的信号に変換し、これを前記水槽の
水流噴出口＋１近の散乱光から得られた基準電気信号と
比較演算し測定点における濃度を求めることをｆｉ徴と
する水流モデルにお１プる製電測定り法。An orifice with at least one small hole with a diameter of 3 mm or less is installed in the pipe line connecting the model water tank and the pressure water supply source, so that the degassing phenomenon caused by the local pressure drop passing through the orifice 11 is fine and homogeneous. A large number of air bubbles appear in the water flow, and a flow field is reproduced in the aquarium using a water flow densely containing these fine and uniform air bubbles. 1. A slit light is applied to this flow field to create diffuse reflections from the air bubbles. While visualizing the flow down to the cross section, the scattered light is photographed with a TV camera, projected onto any cathode ray tube on the monitor, and placed at an arbitrary point (J).
The intensity of the scattered light on the cathode ray tube) 〜Ren゛(゛Measure and convert into an electrical signal, compare and calculate this with a reference electrical signal obtained from scattered light near the water jet outlet +1 of the water tank, and calculate the concentration at the measurement point.) Electricity measurement method based on water flow model.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57196096A JPS5987340A (en) | 1982-11-10 | 1982-11-10 | Method of measurement of concentration in water current model |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57196096A JPS5987340A (en) | 1982-11-10 | 1982-11-10 | Method of measurement of concentration in water current model |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5987340A true JPS5987340A (en) | 1984-05-19 |
| JPH0327861B2 JPH0327861B2 (en) | 1991-04-17 |
Family
ID=16352143
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57196096A Granted JPS5987340A (en) | 1982-11-10 | 1982-11-10 | Method of measurement of concentration in water current model |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5987340A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007263876A (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-11 | Miyazaki Prefecture | Calibration method in laser diffraction/scattering type particle size distribution measurement method, and measuring method of volume concentration of bubble in liquid |
| JP2010281814A (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-16 | Krones Ag | Foam density determination method and foam density determination device |
-
1982
- 1982-11-10 JP JP57196096A patent/JPS5987340A/en active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007263876A (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-11 | Miyazaki Prefecture | Calibration method in laser diffraction/scattering type particle size distribution measurement method, and measuring method of volume concentration of bubble in liquid |
| JP2010281814A (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-16 | Krones Ag | Foam density determination method and foam density determination device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0327861B2 (en) | 1991-04-17 |
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