JPS598409A - Monopulse antenna - Google Patents
Monopulse antennaInfo
- Publication number
- JPS598409A JPS598409A JP11745682A JP11745682A JPS598409A JP S598409 A JPS598409 A JP S598409A JP 11745682 A JP11745682 A JP 11745682A JP 11745682 A JP11745682 A JP 11745682A JP S598409 A JPS598409 A JP S598409A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- horn
- antenna
- primary
- horns
- reflector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns
Landscapes
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は受信用のモノパルスアンテナに関する。さらに
詳しくはモノパルスアンテナの角度誤差検出感度を向上
させる一次ホーン系に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a monopulse antenna for reception. More specifically, the present invention relates to a primary horn system that improves the angle error detection sensitivity of a monopulse antenna.
同時ロービング方式のモノパルスアンチｆ（ｔｉ、単一
パルス応答で瞬時にアンテナの方位指向誤差を検出する
。このために少くとも４個の１次ホーンを用いて、直交
する２軸についての角度誤差を得る。すなわち１次ホー
ンの出力の和信号端子に受信信号を、差信号端子に角度
誤差信号を得る。上記差信号は、アンテナが到来波に正
対した場合には入力がなく、到来来波に対して偏位した
場合には偏位角度に対して双峰性の特性を持つ。モノパ
ルスアンテナにおいては両ピークの中央のヌル点の方向
にアンテナを向けることにより、アンテナが電波到来方
向を追尾する。この目的のためには両ピーク値より中心
軸方向のヌル点への落込み傾斜が急峻なｔｌど、角度検
知感度が高いことになる。Simultaneous roving monopulse anti-f(ti) instantly detects the azimuth pointing error of the antenna with a single pulse response.For this purpose, at least four primary horns are used to detect the angular error about two orthogonal axes. In other words, the received signal is obtained at the sum signal terminal of the output of the primary horn, and the angular error signal is obtained at the difference signal terminal.The above difference signal has no input when the antenna is directly facing the incoming wave; When the antenna is deflected from the peak, it has a bimodal characteristic with respect to the deflection angle.In a monopulse antenna, by pointing the antenna toward the null point in the center of both peaks, the antenna tracks the direction of arrival of the radio wave. For this purpose, the angle detection sensitivity is high, such as tl, which has a steeper slope to the null point in the central axis direction than both peak values.
一方給電用導波管の開口径を拡大するパラボラアンテナ
としての性能を考慮すると、−次ホーンによる励振波の
主反射鏡からのスピルオーバー量を抑えて広角指向性を
改善し、反射鏡開口面に対し最適照度分布として利得を
向上するためには、最適開口径の一次ホーンを必要とす
る。このようなホーンを使用して４ポ一ン方式の一次ホ
ーン系を構成すると、各ホーンの放射中心のアンテナ中
心軸からの偏位量が大きくなり、その結果和信号の最大
レベルは構成する個々のホーンの励撮による最大レベル
に比較してそれ程レベルアップされず、距離検知感度が
低い。また差信号のヌル点への落込み傾斜が緩かとなり
、追尾アンテナとしての角度検知感度も劣化する欠点が
ある。この理由により従来は、４個のホーンを用いる一
次ホーン系は実用に供せられなかった。On the other hand, considering the performance as a parabolic antenna that expands the aperture diameter of the feeding waveguide, it is possible to improve wide-angle directivity by suppressing the amount of spillover of the excitation wave from the main reflector by the -order horn, and to On the other hand, in order to improve the gain with an optimal illuminance distribution, a primary horn with an optimal aperture diameter is required. When such a horn is used to configure a four-point primary horn system, the deviation of the radiation center of each horn from the antenna center axis becomes large, and as a result, the maximum level of the sum signal is higher than that of each of the constituent individual horns. Compared to the maximum level due to excitation of the horn, the level is not increased much, and the distance detection sensitivity is low. In addition, there is a drawback that the slope of the difference signal falling to the null point is gentle, and the angle detection sensitivity of the tracking antenna is also degraded. For this reason, a primary horn system using four horns has not been put to practical use in the past.
これの改善策として、１２ホ一ン方式とか１６ホ一ン方
式のマルチホーン方式によるアレーアンテナで、−次ホ
ーン系の励振波の指向性を成形する方法が実用化されて
いる。しかしこれらの方式では個々のアンテナに位相制
御器を必要として経済性がないばかυか、多数個ホーン
の組合せで一次ホーンを構成するのでアンテナ開口面の
ブロッキング損失も犬となり、利得が劣化する欠点もあ
る。As a measure to improve this, a method has been put into practical use in which the directivity of the excitation wave of the -order horn system is shaped using a multi-horn array antenna such as a 12-horn system or a 16-horn system. However, these systems either require a phase controller for each antenna and are not economical, or because the primary horn is composed of a combination of multiple horns, blocking loss at the antenna aperture is also a problem, resulting in degraded gain. There is also.
本発明は各−次ホーンの特性を改良して、従来かえりみ
られなかった４ホ一ン方式の一次ホーン系を実用化する
とともに、上記１２ホ一ン方式とか１６ホ一ン方式のマ
ルチホーン方式の欠点を改善した、高能率かつ紅済的な
モノパルスアンテナを提供するものである。The present invention improves the characteristics of each order horn to put into practical use a 4-horn type primary horn system, which has not been seen before, as well as a multi-horn system such as the 12-horn type or 16-horn type. The present invention provides a highly efficient and cost-effective monopulse antenna that improves the disadvantages of the prior art.
以下、図面を参照しながら本発明を説明する。The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第１図はカセグレンアンテナを用いたモノパルスアンテ
ナの概念図、第２図はカセグレンアンテナにおける一次
ホーンの偏位および副反射鏡の回転偏位の影響を示す概
念図である。FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a monopulse antenna using a Cassegrain antenna, and FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the influence of the deviation of the primary horn and the rotational deviation of the sub-reflector in the Cassegrain antenna.
第１図に示す主反射鏡・副反射鏡・−次ホーンより構成
されるカセグレンアンテナをアンテナの代表例にして、
以下モノパルスアンテナを説明する。Taking the Cassegrain antenna shown in Fig. 1, which is composed of a main reflector, a sub-reflector, and a -order horn, as a typical example of an antenna,
The monopulse antenna will be explained below.
第１図において％Ｆｒ１ＦＶは副反射鏡（双曲面反射鏡
）１の第１．第２焦点であり、−次ホーン２の位相の中
心はＦｒと一致し、また主反射鏡（パラボラ反射鏡）３
の焦点はＦＶと一致している。二点鎖線の曲面４はＦｒ
を焦点とする、とのカセグレンアンテナに等価なパラボ
ラ反射鏡を、参考として図示したものである。Ｆｍをパ
ラボラ反射鏡（主反射鏡）３の焦点距離ｒ Ｆ ｃを双
曲面反射鏡（副反射鏡）１の２焦点間距離＋Ｆｅを等価
パラボラ反射鏡４の焦点距離、ｅを双曲面反射鏡１の離
心率＋ Ｄｍを主反射鏡３の直径Ｉ Ｄ。In FIG. 1, %Fr1FV is the 1st. It is the second focal point, and the phase center of the -order horn 2 coincides with Fr, and the main reflecting mirror (parabolic reflecting mirror) 3
The focus of is coincident with FV. The curved surface 4 indicated by the two-dot chain line is Fr
A parabolic reflector equivalent to a Cassegrain antenna with a focal point of , is shown for reference. Fm is the focal length r of the parabolic reflector (main reflector) 3, F c is the bifocal distance of the hyperboloid reflector (sub-reflector) 1 + Fe is the focal length of the equivalent parabolic reflector 4, e is the hyperboloid reflector The eccentricity of 1 + Dm is the diameter ID of the main reflector 3.
を副反射鏡１の直径、φｒを副反射鏡１の第１焦点Ｆｒ
と副反射鏡１の縁端のなす角度、φＶを主反射鏡３の焦
点Ｆｖと主反射鏡３の縁端のなす角度とすると、カセグ
レンアンテナの性質として、が成立する。なお、第１図
においてアンテナ中心軸５はＺ軸方向であり、主反射鏡
３のＸ軸はＸｍ ＋副反射鏡１のＸ軸はＸｓで表わされ
ている。is the diameter of the sub-reflector 1, φr is the first focus Fr of the sub-reflector 1
If φV is the angle between the focal point Fv of the main reflecting mirror 3 and the edge of the main reflecting mirror 3, then the properties of the Cassegrain antenna are as follows. In FIG. 1, the antenna center axis 5 is in the Z-axis direction, and the X-axis of the main reflecting mirror 3 is represented by Xm + the X-axis of the sub-reflecting mirror 1 is represented by Xs.
いま、カセグレンアンテナにおいて、第２図（ａ）のよ
うに−次ホーン２が、アンテナ中心軸５よりΔｈだけＸ
軸の正側に平行に偏位した場合二次指向性の主方向６ｆ
ｄＸ軸の負側にΔθ、だけ偏位し、その量は
となる。ここで
また同図（ｂ）のように副反射鏡１がアンテナ中心軸５
に対して、ΔψだけＸ軸の正側に回転偏位した場合の二
次指向性の主方向７は、Ｘ軸の正側にΔθ、だけ偏位し
、その量は
となる。Now, in a Cassegrain antenna, as shown in FIG.
Main direction of secondary directivity 6f when deflected parallel to the positive side of the axis
It deviates to the negative side of the dX axis by Δθ, and the amount is . Here again, as shown in the same figure (b), the sub-reflector 1
On the other hand, the main direction 7 of the secondary directivity when rotationally deviated by Δψ to the positive side of the X-axis is deviated by Δθ to the positive side of the X-axis, and the amount is as follows.
第３図は４個の一次ホーンで構成された一次ホーン系の
斜視図、第４図は２個の一次ホーンの出力の和信号と差
信号とを求めるハイブリッド回路の概念的回路図、第５
図は４個の一次水 −ンの出力の和信号と差信号とを求
めるノ・イブリッド回路の概念的回路図、第６図は２個
の各−次ホーンの指向特性とその和信号・差信号の指向
特性曲線である。Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a primary horn system composed of four primary horns, Fig. 4 is a conceptual circuit diagram of a hybrid circuit that obtains the sum signal and difference signal of the outputs of the two primary horns, and Fig. 5
The figure is a conceptual circuit diagram of a hybrid circuit that obtains the sum signal and difference signal of the outputs of four primary horns, and Figure 6 shows the directivity characteristics of each of the two order horns and their sum signal and difference signal. This is a signal directional characteristic curve.
４ホ一ン方式の一次ホーン系は、第３図のようにアンテ
ナ中心軸５に対して、僅かに偏位して給電された同形状
の一次ポーン２ａ 、 ２ｂ 、 ２ｃ。The primary horn system of the four-horn system includes primary horns 2a, 2b, and 2c of the same shape, which are fed with power slightly offset from the antenna center axis 5, as shown in FIG.
２ｄで構成され、各ホーンの出力端子にハイブリッド回
路（以下ＨＹＢと略記する）、例えばマジックＴ ’（
Ｍ Ｔと略記する）が接続されている。2d, and the output terminal of each horn is connected to a hybrid circuit (hereinafter abbreviated as HYB), such as magic T' (
(abbreviated as MT) is connected.
ホーン２ａ、２ｂの出力端子は第４図に示すようＫＭＴ
（ＨＹＢ）８に接続さり、ており、ＭＴ８の合成点と両
−次ホーン２ａ、２ｂを結ぶ両系統の給電線が同位相と
なるように接続されている。The output terminals of horns 2a and 2b are KMT as shown in Figure 4.
(HYB) 8, and is connected so that the feeder lines of both systems connecting the synthesis point of MT 8 and both order horns 2a, 2b are in the same phase.
同形式の４個の一次ホーン系に対しては、第５図に示す
ように、コンパレーター（４個のＭＴの各ポートがそれ
ぞれの合成点に対して等長となるような給電線で接続し
た立体回路）を合成すれば、到来波に対して和信号Σ＝
−４（（Ａ＋Ｂ）＋（Ｃ＋Ｄ））、水平方向差信号ΔＡ
Ｚ ＝±（（Ａ＋Ｃ）−（Ｂ＋Ｄ））、垂直方向差信号
出すことができる。Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ，Ｄは各−次ホーンの受
信電界レベルを示す。For four primary horn systems of the same type, as shown in Fig. 3D circuit), the sum signal Σ=
-4((A+B)+(C+D)), horizontal direction difference signal ΔA
Z=±((A+C)-(B+D)), a vertical difference signal can be output. A, B, C, and D indicate the received electric field level of each -order horn.
つぎに２つの一次ホニンを例にして、電波到来角度の検
出の動作を記す。Next, the operation of detecting the radio wave arrival angle will be described using two primary honins as an example.
各−次ホーンは第３図に示すようにアンテナ中心軸５に
対してわずかに偏位しているので、各−次ホーン指向性
は第２図（ａ）に示すように角度Δθ１だけ偏向する。Since each -order horn is slightly deviated with respect to the antenna center axis 5 as shown in Fig. 3, the directivity of each -order horn is deflected by an angle Δθ1 as shown in Fig. 2(a). .
すなわち個々の一次ホーンの励振波による二次放、射波
（各−次ホーンの受信電界レベル）の主ビームは、第５
図（ａ）の点線９ａと破線９ｂ’に示すように、アンテ
ナ中心軸５に対して僅かにずれている。そして第４図の
ＭＴ８の出力端子Ｋｉｄ、第５図（ｂＪの指向性に示す
ように、Ｉ（ボー）１（ＩＫは実線１２ａで示す和信号
る。和信号１２Ｂは単峰性ビームであり、軸方向での利
得が高いほど距離検知感度が高くなる。In other words, the main beam of the secondary radiation and emitted waves (received electric field level of each order horn) by the excitation wave of each primary horn is the fifth
As shown by the dotted line 9a and the broken line 9b' in FIG. As shown in the output terminal Kid of MT8 in Fig. 4 and the directivity of Fig. 5 (bJ), I (baud) 1 (IK is the sum signal shown by the solid line 12a. The sum signal 12B is a single peak beam. , the higher the gain in the axial direction, the higher the distance detection sensitivity.
他方差信号１２ｂはアンテナが到来波に正対した場合に
は入力がなく、アンテナ中心軸５が到来波方向に対して
偏位した場合は、両−次ホーン２ａ、２ｂへの到来波の
位相差成分が受信され双峰性ビ一台となる。この場合両
ピークから中心軸方向５のヌル点１３への落込み傾斜が
急峻なほど、角度検知感度が高めことになる。On the other hand, the difference signal 12b has no input when the antenna is directly facing the arriving wave, and when the antenna center axis 5 is deviated from the direction of the arriving wave, the position of the arriving wave to both order horns 2a and 2b is input. The phase difference component is received and becomes a bimodal signal. In this case, the steeper the slope from both peaks to the null point 13 in the central axis direction 5, the higher the angle detection sensitivity.
第７図は測定周波数１５ＧＨｚ帯、主反射鏡の開口直径
が４５λ（λは使用波長）、単一ホーンの開口径が１．
９λ×１．９λ、各ホーンのアンテナ中心軸５よりＸ軸
、およびｙ軸方向への偏位量がΔｈ＝±λのモノパルス
アンテナの２次１Ｗ向性特性曲線である。In Figure 7, the measurement frequency is 15 GHz, the aperture diameter of the main reflector is 45λ (λ is the wavelength used), and the aperture diameter of the single horn is 1.
This is a secondary 1W directional characteristic curve of a monopulse antenna of 9λ×1.9λ, and the deviation amount of each horn from the antenna center axis 5 in the X-axis and y-axis directions is Δh=±λ.
個々のホーンの２次指向特性曲線は破線１４、点線１５
に示されているようにアンテナ中心軸５よシの偏位量は
それぞれΔθ、＝１．１°（３式からの計算値は１．８
°）であって、両生ビームの交点レベルは一６ｄＢであ
る。The secondary directivity curves of individual horns are shown by dashed line 14 and dotted line 15.
As shown in , the deviation amount from the antenna center axis 5 is Δθ, = 1.1° (the calculated value from equation 3 is 1.8
), and the intersection level of the amphib beams is -6 dB.
この時の和信号は実線１６でピーク値は単体のピーク値
と変らず、差信号は一点鎖線１７でヌル点１３への落込
み傾斜は緩いものである。即ち従来形式では距離検知感
度が低く、角度検知感度が鈍いことを示している。At this time, the sum signal is a solid line 16 and the peak value is the same as the single peak value, and the difference signal is a dashed line 17 and the slope of the drop to the null point 13 is gentle. That is, the conventional type has low distance detection sensitivity and low angle detection sensitivity.
第８図は、本発明の一次ホーン系の斜視図である。FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the primary horn system of the present invention.
本発明の一次ホーン系は、その開口面十字状の接触辺土
に、高さ３λの十字状で一片が三角形をなす放射方向制
御板１８が装着されている。In the primary horn system of the present invention, a radial direction control plate 18 having a cross shape with a height of 3λ and one piece having a triangular shape is attached to the contact edge of the cross-shaped opening surface.
上記十字状放射方向、制御板１８の機能を、放射方向制
御板を有する単体の一次ボーンによって説明する。The function of the cross-shaped radial control plate 18 will be explained using a single primary bone having a radial control plate.
第９図は板状放射方向制御板を有する単体の一次ホーン
の斜視図、第１０図はそれの電界分布を模式的に示しだ
断面図である。FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a single primary horn having a plate-shaped radiation direction control plate, and FIG. 10 is a sectional view schematically showing its electric field distribution.
一次ホーンの開口面１９の一辺に第９図のように、金属
導体板よりなる有限長の放射方向制御板１８をアンテナ
中心軸５に平行に装着すると、第】（）図に示すように
、−次ホーン２の開口面１９の近傍における放射波の位
相速度は、太線の矢印加、２１の大小で示すごとく、放
射方向制御板１８Ｖｃ近い側が自由空間である反対側よ
シ速くなる。この励振波の電界分布曲線は放射波の主方
向乙がアンテナ中心軸５よりＸ軸の正側にΔθ。When a finite length radiation direction control plate 18 made of a metal conductor plate is mounted parallel to the antenna center axis 5 on one side of the opening surface 19 of the primary horn as shown in FIG. 9, as shown in FIG. The phase velocity of the radiation wave in the vicinity of the aperture surface 19 of the -order horn 2 is faster on the side closer to the radiation direction control plate 18Vc than on the opposite side, which is free space, as shown by the bold arrows 21 and 21. In the electric field distribution curve of this excitation wave, the main direction of the radiation wave is Δθ on the positive side of the X-axis from the antenna center axis 5.
たけ偏位することを示している。ここで偏位量Δθ３は
、軸方向の長さＬＫ関係する。なお図では放射方向制御
板１８を励振波の電界と直交する方向に装着した場合を
示したが、電界と平行方向に装着しても同様の効果が得
られる。This shows that the deviation is large. Here, the deviation amount Δθ3 is related to the axial length LK. Although the figure shows the case where the radiation direction control plate 18 is mounted in a direction perpendicular to the electric field of the excitation wave, the same effect can be obtained even if it is mounted in a direction parallel to the electric field.
カセグレンアンテナの構成各素子を正規位置に配置し、
−次ホーンの開口面のＸ軸の負側に、適当長の放射方向
制御板を装着すると、副反射鏡１への励振波は、Ｘ軸の
負側から正ｆｌｌｌＫ向い、アンテナ中心軸１と斜交し
て励振することになる。このことは第２図（ｂ） にお
いて、副反射鏡１がアンテナ中心軸５に対してＸ軸の正
側に回転偏位したのと等価である。−次ボーン系として
４ホ一ン方式−次ホーン系を用いると、各−次ホーンは
モノパルスアンテナに対してわずかに並行偏位している
ので第２図（ａ）Ｋ示すように、各−次ホーンがモノパ
ルスアンテナの中心線５に対してＸ軸の正側に平行に偏
位したものに放射方向制御板を装着すれば、偏位量Δθ
１はΔθ。Arrange each element of the Cassegrain antenna in its proper position,
- When a radiation direction control plate of an appropriate length is attached to the negative side of the X-axis of the aperture surface of the secondary horn, the excitation wave to the sub-reflector 1 will be directed from the negative side of the This results in diagonal excitation. This is equivalent to the case where the sub-reflector 1 is rotationally displaced to the positive side of the X-axis with respect to the antenna center axis 5 in FIG. 2(b). When a 4-horn type -order horn system is used as the -order bone system, each -order horn is slightly deviated parallel to the monopulse antenna, so each Next, if the radiation direction control plate is attached to the horn deviated parallel to the center line 5 of the monopulse antenna to the positive side of the X axis, the deviation amount Δθ
1 is Δθ.
で打消され、合成二次指向性の偏位量は小さくなる。即
ち二次指向性の主方向は、アンテナ中心軸１に集束され
ることになる。, and the amount of deviation of the composite secondary directivity becomes smaller. That is, the main direction of the secondary directivity is focused on the antenna center axis 1.
第１１図は本発明の一次ホーン系を用いたモノパルスア
ンテナの特性曲線である。第１Ｉ図の破線列および点線
６は個々の１次ホーンの二次指向性を表わし、その偏位
量はそれぞれΔθ、＝０．３４゜とＸ軸方向に集束され
、両生ビームの交点は一３ｄＢ以内となっている。なお
実験によれば、個々の一次ホーンによる二次指向性の交
点が一３ｄＢ以内にならなければ和信号のレベルの増加
は少ない。第１１図の実線で示した和信号がのレベルは
個々の主ビームム、２６のピーク値より２．６ｄＢ高く
、一点鎖線で示した差信号茨のヌル点への落込み傾斜は
第７図（ｂ）の一点鎖線で示した曲ｍ１７より急峻とな
っている。したがって距離検知感度は１．８２倍に、角
度検知感度は著しく向上したことになる。なお十字状放
射方向制御板１８により単体ホーンの指向性主ビーム囚
および５は、Ｘ軸方向のみならずｙ軸方向においても集
束されることは明らかである。FIG. 11 is a characteristic curve of a monopulse antenna using the primary horn system of the present invention. The dashed line array and the dotted line 6 in FIG. 1I represent the secondary directivity of each primary horn, and the deflection amount is Δθ, = 0.34°, which is focused in the X-axis direction, and the intersection of the bidirectional beams is at the same point. It is within 3dB. According to experiments, the level of the sum signal does not increase much unless the intersection points of the secondary directivities of the individual primary horns are within 13 dB. The level of the sum signal shown by the solid line in Fig. 11 is 2.6 dB higher than the peak value of the individual main beam beams 26, and the slope of the drop of the difference signal thorns to the null point shown by the dashed-dotted line is as shown in Fig. 7 ( It is steeper than the curve m17 shown by the dashed line in b). Therefore, the distance detection sensitivity is increased by 1.82 times, and the angle detection sensitivity is significantly improved. It is clear that the directional main beam 5 of the single horn is focused not only in the X-axis direction but also in the Y-axis direction by the cross-shaped radial direction control plate 18.
結局、各単体の指向性主ビームはアンテナ中心軸５に集
束され、総合指向性として和信号は５ｄＢ以上高く距離
検知感度は３倍以上に向上し、同時に角度検知感度は水
平・垂直方向とも著しく敏感となる。In the end, the directional main beam of each individual unit is focused on the antenna center axis 5, and the total directivity is more than 5 dB higher, and the distance detection sensitivity is more than 3 times higher. At the same time, the angle detection sensitivity is significantly increased in both horizontal and vertical directions. Becomes sensitive.
放射方向制御板】８を構成する導体板の一片の形状を三
角形として先端を尖らせたり、あるいは三角形の先端を
切除して台形としたり、テーパーを付けず長方形として
も、アンテナ中心軸方向の長ａＬが変るだけであって効
果には変りがない。[Radiation Direction Control Board] If the shape of one piece of the conductor plate 8 is triangular and the tip is pointed, or if the tip of the triangle is cut off to make a trapezoid, or if it is rectangular without a taper, the length in the direction of the antenna center axis can be changed. There is no change in the effect, only the aL changes.
以上本発明のモノパルスアンテナを、アンテナを高性能
とするカセグレンアンテナによる複反射鏡方式のアンテ
ナで説明したが、−次ホーン・パラボラ反射鏡で構成さ
れる単一反射鏡方式のアンテナによるモノパルスアンテ
ナに適用しても同様の効果が得られる。The monopulse antenna of the present invention has been described above using a double-reflector type antenna using a Cassegrain antenna that achieves high performance. The same effect can be obtained by applying it.
以上詳述したごと〈４ホーンによる同時ロービーング方
式のモノパルスアンテナにおいて一次ホーン系の開口面
１９ニ十字状の放射方向制御板１８を装着することによ
り、各単体ホーンの二次指向性がアンテナ中心軸５に集
束され、その結果和信号レベルが高くなり距離検知感度
が向上し、同時に差信号のヌル点への落込み傾斜が急峻
となり角度検知感度が著しく敏感となる。As detailed above, in a monopulse antenna of simultaneous low-beaming method using four horns, the secondary directivity of each single horn can be adjusted to the central axis of the antenna by installing a double-cross-shaped radiation direction control plate 18 on the aperture surface 19 of the primary horn system. As a result, the sum signal level becomes high and the distance detection sensitivity improves, and at the same time, the slope of the difference signal falling to the null point becomes steeper, making the angle detection sensitivity extremely sensitive.
また１２ポ一ン方式、１６ホーン方式と比較すれば、構
造が簡単で経済的となる利点もある。Furthermore, compared to the 12-point system and the 16-horn system, it has the advantage of being simpler and more economical.
第１図はカセグレンアンテナを用いたモノパルスアンテ
ナの概念図、第２図はカセグレンアンテナにおける一次
ホーンの偏位および副反射鏡の回転偏位の影響を示す概
念図、第３図は４個の１次ホーンで構成された一次ホー
ン系の斜視図、第４図は２個の一次ホーンの出力の和信
号と差信号とを求める概念的回路図、第５図は４個の一
次ホーンの出力の和信号と差信号とを求める概念的回路
図、第６図は２個の各−次ホ−ンの指向特性とその和信
号・差信号の指向特性曲線、第７図は従来技術の４個の
一次ホーンからなるモノパルスアンテナの２次指向特性
の実際例、第８図は本発明の一次ホーン系の斜視図、第
９図は放射方向制御板を有する単一の一次ホーンの斜視
図、第１０図はそれの電界分布を模式的に示した断面図
、第１１図は本発明の一次ホーン系を用いたモノパルス
アンテナのＷｌｌｔｌ線線図である。
１・・・・・・副反射鏡、
２１２ ａ ｌ ２ ｂ ｌ ２ ｅ ｌ ２ ｄ −
−・・・・−次ホーン、３・・・・・・主反射鏡、
４・・・・・・等価パラボラ反射鏡、
５・・・・・・アンテナ中心軸、
６．７・・・・・・２次指向性の主方向、８・・・・・
・ハイブリッド回路、
１１１・・・・・・Ｈポート、 １１・・・・・・Ｅ
ポー）、１３・・・・・・ヌル点。
１８・・・・・・放射方向制御板、
】９・・・・・・−次ホーン開口面、
Ｆ ｒ ｒ Ｆ ｖ・・・・・・副反射鏡の第１．第２
焦点。
Ｆｍ・・・・・・主反射鏡の焦点距離、Ｆｃ・・・・・
・双曲面反射鏡の２焦点距離、Ｆｅ・・・・・・等価パ
ラボラ反射鏡の焦点距離、ｅ ・・・・・・双曲面反射
鏡の離心率、Ｄｍ・・・・・・主反射鏡の直径、
Ｄｓ・・・・・・双曲面反射鏡の直径、φｒ・・・・・
・双曲面反射鏡の第１焦点Ｆｒとその縁端のなす角度、
φＶ・・・・・・主反射鏡の焦点Ｆｖとその縁端のなす
角度。
Δθ・・・・・・２次指向性の主方向の偏位、ＨＴＢ・
・・・・・ハイブリッド回路、ＭＴ・・・・・・マジッ
クＴ０
第１図
第２図
（ａ） （ｂ）
第３ｒｇＪ
巨５
Σ Δ
第５図
第６図
第７図
第８図
第９図
第１０図
第１１図
□角度（θ０）□Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram of a monopulse antenna using a Cassegrain antenna, Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the effects of primary horn deviation and rotational deviation of the sub-reflector in a Cassegrain antenna, and Figure 3 is a conceptual diagram of a monopulse antenna using a Cassegrain antenna. Fig. 4 is a conceptual circuit diagram for determining the sum signal and difference signal of the outputs of two primary horns, and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a primary horn system consisting of two primary horns. A conceptual circuit diagram for obtaining a sum signal and a difference signal. Fig. 6 shows the directivity characteristics of each of the two -order horns and the directivity characteristic curves of their sum signal and difference signal. Fig. 7 shows the four horns of the prior art. A practical example of the secondary directivity characteristic of a monopulse antenna consisting of a primary horn; FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the primary horn system of the present invention; FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a single primary horn with a radiation direction control plate; FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the electric field distribution thereof, and FIG. 11 is a Wlltl diagram of a monopulse antenna using the primary horn system of the present invention. 1... Sub-reflector, 212 a l 2 b l 2 e l 2 d -
-...Next horn, 3...Main reflector, 4...Equivalent parabolic reflector, 5...Antenna center axis, 6.7... ...Main direction of secondary directivity, 8...
・Hybrid circuit, 111...H port, 11...E
Po), 13... Null point. 18...Radiation direction control plate, ]9...-th horn aperture surface, F r r F v...... First side of the sub-reflector. Second
focus. Fm・・・Focal length of main reflecting mirror, Fc・・・・・・
・Bifocal length of hyperboloid reflector, Fe... Focal length of equivalent parabolic reflector, e... Eccentricity of hyperboloid reflector, Dm... Main reflector Diameter, Ds...Diameter of hyperboloid reflector, φr...
・Angle between the first focus Fr of the hyperboloid reflector and its edge, φV...Angle between the focus Fv of the main reflector and its edge. Δθ・・・Deflection in the main direction of secondary directivity, HTB・
...Hybrid circuit, MT...Magic T0 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 (a) (b) 3rd rgJ Giant 5 Σ Δ Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 □ Angle (θ0) □
Claims (1)
ナ中心軸を中心とする直交座標系の各象限にあるごとく
、互いに密着して配置された同形の４個の４角錐−次ホ
ーンからなる一次ホーン系において、構成台ホーン開口
部の十字形接触辺とアンテナ中心軸とを含む平面内に金
属導体板が上記−次ホーンの前方に付設されて、断面形
状が十字形の放射方向制御板が形成されていることを特
徴とする４ホ一ン方式のモノパルスアンテナ。The radiation center of each horn is within the focal plane of the reflector, and the radiation center is from four quadrangular pyramid-order horns of the same shape that are arranged closely to each other as in each quadrant of a rectangular coordinate system centered on the antenna center axis. In the primary horn system, a metal conductor plate is attached in front of the secondary horn in a plane containing the cross-shaped contact side of the component horn opening and the antenna center axis, and the cross-sectional shape is cross-shaped to control the radiation direction. A four-horn type monopulse antenna characterized by a plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11745682A JPS598409A (en) | 1982-07-06 | 1982-07-06 | Monopulse antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11745682A JPS598409A (en) | 1982-07-06 | 1982-07-06 | Monopulse antenna |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS598409A true JPS598409A (en) | 1984-01-17 |
| JPH0440883B2 JPH0440883B2 (en) | 1992-07-06 |
Family
ID=14712109
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11745682A Granted JPS598409A (en) | 1982-07-06 | 1982-07-06 | Monopulse antenna |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS598409A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6281855B1 (en) | 1999-06-24 | 2001-08-28 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Monopulse antenna apparatus |
-
1982
- 1982-07-06 JP JP11745682A patent/JPS598409A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6281855B1 (en) | 1999-06-24 | 2001-08-28 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Monopulse antenna apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0440883B2 (en) | 1992-07-06 |
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