JPS5970097A - Microphone - Google Patents

Microphone

Info

Publication number
JPS5970097A
JPS5970097A JP18021182A JP18021182A JPS5970097A JP S5970097 A JPS5970097 A JP S5970097A JP 18021182 A JP18021182 A JP 18021182A JP 18021182 A JP18021182 A JP 18021182A JP S5970097 A JPS5970097 A JP S5970097A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
microphone
time delay
microphone unit
units
microphone units
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP18021182A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kimiharu Watanabe
渡辺 公治
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP18021182A priority Critical patent/JPS5970097A/en
Publication of JPS5970097A publication Critical patent/JPS5970097A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/005Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain large gain down to low frequency with improved SN ratio by adding output signals from plural microphone units arranged on a straight line through time delay deviced. CONSTITUTION:The n microphone units M1-Mn are arranged so that the directional axes are located on the straight line of the same axial line and supported by a microphone supporting meand 5. By regarding a microphone unit M1 located on the farmost position from a sound source 3 when the microphone units M1-Mn are turned to the sound source 3 as a reference, the time, delay devices T2-Tn have the time delay values due to the distances up to respective microphone units M2-Mn and apply prescribed time delay to the output signals of the microphone units M2-Mn excluding the reference microphone unit M1. An adder 4 addes the signals of the microphone units M2-Mn which are passed through said time delay devices T2-Tn to the output signal of the reference microphone unit M1 and outputs the added value to an output terminal 6.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は信号対雑音比(以下S/N比という)が大きい
マイクロホンに関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a microphone with a high signal-to-noise ratio (hereinafter referred to as S/N ratio).

従来例の構成とその問題点 一般に、S/N比の大きいマイクロホンとしては放物面
形集音器を用いたマイクロホンが知られている。第1図
に放物面形集音器を用いた従来例のマイクロホンを示す
。第1図において回転放物面形集音器1の焦点Aに無指
向性マイクロホン本体2を置くと音波ρ1,22・・・
・Qnはマイクロホン本体2に集まる。一方、正面から
ずれた方向から音波が入射した場合には放物面形集音器
1の各部分から反射してマイクロホン本体2に入射する
音波の位相が異なるために互に相殺し合い鋭い指向性が
得られる。第2図に直径70Cmの放物面形集音器1を
付けたことによる利得の周波数特性を示している。しか
しながら、この従来のマイクロホンでは低域で全く効果
が期待されず、低域まで利得を得る為には放物面形集音
器1の寸法をかなり大きくしなければならないという欠
点があった。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventional Structures and Problems Generally, microphones using a parabolic sound collector are known as microphones with a large S/N ratio. FIG. 1 shows a conventional microphone using a parabolic sound collector. In FIG. 1, when the omnidirectional microphone body 2 is placed at the focal point A of the paraboloid of revolution sound collector 1, the sound waves ρ1, 22...
・Qn gathers in the microphone body 2. On the other hand, when sound waves are incident from a direction shifted from the front, the phases of the sound waves reflected from each part of the parabolic sound collector 1 and incident on the microphone body 2 are different, so they cancel each other out, resulting in sharp directivity. is obtained. FIG. 2 shows the frequency characteristics of the gain obtained by attaching the parabolic sound collector 1 with a diameter of 70 cm. However, this conventional microphone is not expected to be effective at all in the low frequency range, and has the drawback that the size of the parabolic sound collector 1 must be made considerably large in order to obtain gain up to the low frequency range.

発明の目的 本発明の目的は、S/Nよく低域まで大きな利得を得る
ことができるマイクロホンを提供することにある。
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a microphone that can obtain a large gain down to low frequencies with good S/N ratio.

発明の構成 本発明のマイクロホンは、直線上に配置した複数のマイ
クロホンユニットからの出力信号を加算手段にて総加算
すると共にその総加算するに先立って上記複数のマイク
ロホンユニットを通る直線を★源方向に向けた場合にお
ける音源から最も距離の大きいマイクロホンユニットを
基準として上記それぞれのマイクロホンユニット間の距
離によって発生する音響的な時間遅延値と同一の時間遅
延を時間遅延器によって上記基準となるマイクロホンユ
ニッIllのマイクロホンユニットの出力信号のそれぞ
れに与えるように構成したものである。
Structure of the Invention In the microphone of the present invention, output signals from a plurality of microphone units arranged on a straight line are summed up by an adding means, and prior to the summation, a straight line passing through the plurality of microphone units is directed in the direction of the source. The microphone unit Ill, which is the reference microphone unit, uses a time delay device to set the same time delay as the acoustic time delay value caused by the distance between the respective microphone units, with the microphone unit having the longest distance from the sound source as a reference when the microphone unit is directed toward the microphone unit Ill. The configuration is such that it is applied to each of the output signals of the microphone units.

実施例の説明 第3図は本発明のマイクロホンの一実施例を示しており
、第3図においてMl・・・・・Mn−22Mn−1゜
Mnはn個のマイクロホンユニットであり、その指向軸
が同一軸線の直線上に位置するように配置されている。
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the microphone of the present invention. In FIG. 3, Ml...Mn-22Mn-1°Mn are n microphone units, and are arranged so that they are located on a straight line along the same axis.

そして、上記n個のマイクロホンユニットM1・・・・
・Mn  2.Mn 1 *MnBマイクロホン支持具
5にて保持されている。T2・・・Tn−2’Tn−1
,Tnは時間遅延器であり、上記マイクロホンユニット
M1・・・・・・Mn−Mn−MnMn−19を音源3
の方向に向けた場合における上記音源から最も大きい距
ガを位置にあるマイクロホンユニットM1を基準とし、
この基準のマイクロホンユニットM1からの各ノlのマ
イクロホンユニットM2・・・・・・Mn2+M n−
1t M n iでのそれぞれの距離に起因する時間遅
延値を有しており、上記基準マイクロホンユニットM1
以外のマイクロホンユニットM2・・・・・・MnMn
−MnMn−19の出力信号に対して所定の時間遅延値
を与えるようになっている。4は加算器であシ、上記時
間遅延器T2・・・・・・Tn−2’ Tn −1’T
nを通した上記マイクロホンユニットM2・・・・・・
Mn 、、Mn−1,Mnの各信号32/ 、、、、、
・51n−2・S′n−1’ S’nと上記基準のマイ
クロホンユニットM1の出力信号81を総加算し、その
加算信号S0を出力端子6より取9出すようになってい
る。
Then, the n microphone units M1...
・Mn 2. Mn 1 *Holded by MnB microphone support 5 . T2...Tn-2'Tn-1
, Tn are time delay devices, and the microphone unit M1...Mn-Mn-MnMn-19 is connected to the sound source 3.
Based on the microphone unit M1 located at the greatest distance from the sound source when facing in the direction of
Microphone unit M2 of each node from this reference microphone unit M1...Mn2+Mn-
The reference microphone unit M1 has a time delay value due to the respective distance at 1t M n i.
Microphone unit other than M2...MnMn
A predetermined time delay value is given to the output signal of -MnMn-19. 4 is an adder, and the above time delay T2...Tn-2'Tn-1'T
The above microphone unit M2 through which
Mn, , Mn-1, Mn signals 32/ , , , ,
51n-2.S'n-1'S'n and the output signal 81 of the reference microphone unit M1 are added together, and the sum signal S0 is outputted from the output terminal 6.

ここで、音源3から発せられた音波を複数のマイクロホ
ンユニットM1〜Mnで収音する場合、マイクロホンユ
ニットM1〜Mnは音源に向かう直線とに配置されてい
るため各々のマイクロホンユニット間にはマイクロホン
ユニットM1とMn間にLn、MlとMn−1間にLn
、、M、とMn −2間にLn−2という距離を有し、
この距離に起因して各々のマイクロホンユニットの出力
信号81〜Sn間に音響的な時間遅延を発生させている
。上記時間遅延器T2・・・・・・Tn −2’ Tn
 −1t Tnは上記距離”n、Ln−11n−2・・
・・・・に起因して各々のマイクロホンユニットM1・
・・・・・MnMn−MnMn−19間に発生する音響
的な時間遅延を吸収するために設けられている。したが
って、時間遅延TnによってマイクロホンユニットMn
の出力信号SnとマイクロホンユニットM1の出力信号
S1との間の時間差D1(=Ln/340秒)すなわち
時間Tnだけ信号Snをずらすことにより信号S1と合
同である第4図に示す時間Tから始まるSnを得る。以
下同様に信号5n−1は信号5n−1を時間Tn−1(
−Tn  ”n −1)ずらすことにより、信号S′n
−2は信号5n−2を時間Tn−2(”Tn−Dn−2
)ずらすことによシ、各々得ることが出来る。この様に
して得られたS′n9Sn−2・・・・・・S 1(d
n個の合同な波形となる。もって、このように加算器4
で加算された時間遅延器Tn−T2の出力信号SP、 
 S/2及びマイクロホンM1の出力信号S1の総加算
信号は全く同期のとれた加算により第5図に示す如(S
/Nが改善される。
Here, when the sound waves emitted from the sound source 3 are collected by a plurality of microphone units M1 to Mn, since the microphone units M1 to Mn are arranged in a straight line toward the sound source, there are microphone units between each microphone unit. Ln between M1 and Mn, Ln between Ml and Mn-1
, , with a distance of Ln-2 between M and Mn-2,
Due to this distance, an acoustic time delay is generated between the output signals 81 to Sn of each microphone unit. The above time delay device T2...Tn -2' Tn
-1t Tn is the above distance "n, Ln-11n-2...
Due to..., each microphone unit M1.
... Provided to absorb acoustic time delay occurring between MnMn-MnMn-19. Therefore, due to the time delay Tn, the microphone unit Mn
By shifting the signal Sn by the time difference D1 (=Ln/340 seconds), that is, the time Tn between the output signal Sn of the microphone unit M1 and the output signal S1 of the microphone unit M1, starting from the time T shown in FIG. 4, which is congruent with the signal S1. Obtain Sn. Similarly, the signal 5n-1 changes the signal 5n-1 to the time Tn-1 (
−Tn ”n −1), the signal S′n
-2 is the signal 5n-2 at time Tn-2 ("Tn-Dn-2
) can be obtained by shifting. S'n9Sn-2...S1(d
This results in n congruent waveforms. Thus, adder 4
The output signal SP of the time delay device Tn-T2 added by
The total sum signal of S/2 and the output signal S1 of the microphone M1 is added as shown in FIG. 5 (S
/N is improved.

この同期加算の原理は次の通りである。すなわち、マイ
クロホンユニットの出力信号Sは、音源からの信号電圧
Sと雑音電圧Nが加算された構造である。
The principle of this synchronous addition is as follows. That is, the output signal S of the microphone unit has a structure in which the signal voltage S from the sound source and the noise voltage N are added.

数式で表現すると、 S=S+N ここでSを2回同期加算することにより信号電圧Sは2
倍になるのに対し、雑音電圧は0倍にしかならないので
、2回の同期加算によりS/N比の改善は101oq 
2 [dB :]となる。
Expressed mathematically, S=S+N Here, by synchronously adding S twice, the signal voltage S becomes 2
However, the noise voltage only increases by 0 times, so the S/N ratio can be improved by 101oq by performing two synchronous additions.
2 [dB:].

言い換えれば、本実施例において、n個のマイクロホン
及びn −1個の時間遅延器並びに加算器により、S/
N比は単独の場合と比較して10Qoqn改善できる。
In other words, in this embodiment, the S/
The N ratio can be improved by 10Qoqn compared to the case alone.

尚、音源3から一番離れているマイクロホンユニットM
1を基準とし各々距離Ln、Ln−1・・・、Lnを有
してマイクロホン支持具6によって支持されているマイ
クロホンユニットM1〜Mnの距離は、本体外形寸法を
小さくする為には小さければ小さい程良いが、マイクロ
ホンユニットの出力信号81〜Snを時間遅延させる時
間遅延器Tn−T2の遅延可能な時間によって決定され
る。具体的に時間遅延器に松下電子工業■製BBDMN
 3003を用いた場合、最小制御可能な遅延時間は0
.16m5であり、これは5.4cmとなる。そのため
、例えばマイクロホンユニットを10個すなわちn−1
0の場合S/N比は1oQoq10すなわち10dB改
善でき、各々のマイクロホンユニット間の距離Ln  
”n−1は6.4cmとなりマイクロホンユニット間の
最大距離すなわちLnは48.6cmとなる。
In addition, the microphone unit M that is farthest from the sound source 3
The distances between the microphone units M1 to Mn, which are supported by the microphone support 6 and have distances Ln, Ln-1, . This is moderately good, but it is determined by the delayable time of the time delay device Tn-T2 that delays the output signals 81 to Sn of the microphone unit. Specifically, the time delay device is BBDMN made by Matsushita Electronics.
3003, the minimum controllable delay time is 0.
.. It is 16m5, which is 5.4cm. Therefore, for example, 10 microphone units, that is, n-1
0, the S/N ratio can be improved by 1oQoq10, or 10dB, and the distance Ln between each microphone unit
``n-1 is 6.4 cm, and the maximum distance between microphone units, ie, Ln, is 48.6 cm.

第6図は本発明の他の実施例を示している。この場合は
4個のマイクロホン素子Mn、1〜Mn、4を同一面B
上に配置することにより時間遅延器の数を減小させるこ
とが出来る。すなわち、4個のマイクロホン素子で構成
されるマイクロホンユニットMnからM1寸での距離L
nK対応した遅延時間E・有する時間遅延器Tn、Tn
−1を具備し、同一平面上に配置したマイクロホン素子
Mn、1〜Mn、49Mn−1,1〜Mn−1−4の出
力信号艦、1〜Sn 、 4 ’ ”n −1、1〜”
n−1−4を加算器7n 、 7n−’1にて加算した
後、上記時間遅延器Tn、Tn−1に入力するのである
。この実施例では外形寸法を大きくすることなく、S/
N比を改善出来る特長を有している。
FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the invention. In this case, the four microphone elements Mn, 1 to Mn, 4 are placed on the same plane B.
By arranging them above, the number of time delay devices can be reduced. In other words, the distance L in dimension M1 from the microphone unit Mn composed of four microphone elements
Time delay devices Tn, Tn having a delay time E corresponding to nK
Output signal carriers of microphone elements Mn, 1 to Mn, 49Mn-1, 1 to Mn-1-4 arranged on the same plane, 1 to Sn, 4' ``n-1, 1 to''
After n-1-4 are added by adders 7n and 7n-'1, they are input to the time delay units Tn and Tn-1. In this example, without increasing the external dimensions, the S/
It has the feature of improving the N ratio.

発明の効果 以上、詳述したように本発明によれば直線上に配置した
複数のマイクロホンユニットと各々のマイクロホンユニ
ット出力信号チャンネルに上記マイクロホンユニットを
通る直線を音源方向に向けた時、音源から最も距離の大
きいマイクロホンユニットを規準として各々のマイクロ
ホンユニット間の距離によって発生する音響的な時間遅
延値と同一の時間遅延値を与える時間遅延手段と、上記
各々の時間遅延手段出力信号及び音源から最も距離の大
きいマイクロホンユニット出力信号を加算する加算手段
を具備するため、S/Nをよくすることができる利点を
有する。
Effects of the Invention As described in detail, according to the present invention, when a straight line passing through the microphone units is directed toward a sound source, a plurality of microphone units arranged in a straight line and each microphone unit output signal channel are arranged in a straight line. a time delay means that provides the same time delay value as the acoustic time delay value caused by the distance between each microphone unit, with a microphone unit having a large distance as a reference; Since it is provided with an adding means for adding microphone unit output signals having a large value, it has the advantage of being able to improve the S/N ratio.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

“′第1図は従来のマイクロホンの構成図、第2図はそ
の周波数特性図、第3図は本発明のマイクロホンの一実
施例を示す構成図、第4図および第5図は同マイクロホ
ンの各部の波形図、第6図は同マイクロホンの他の実施
例を示す構成図である。 3・・・・・音源、4,71.・・・”n−1t7n・
・・・・・加算器、Ml・・・・・・Mn 、、Mn・
・・・・・マイクロホンユニット、T1・・・・・・T
n−19Tn ・・・・・・時間遅延器。 代理人の氏名 弁理士 中 尾 敏 男 ほか1名55
9− 第1図 屓111LL阿x)
"'Figure 1 is a configuration diagram of a conventional microphone, Figure 2 is its frequency characteristic diagram, Figure 3 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the microphone of the present invention, and Figures 4 and 5 are of the same microphone. Waveform diagrams of each part and FIG. 6 are configuration diagrams showing other embodiments of the same microphone. 3...Sound source, 4,71..."n-1t7n.
...Adder, Ml...Mn,,Mn.
...Microphone unit, T1...T
n-19Tn...Time delay device. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person55
9- Figure 1 111LLAX)

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)直線」二に配置した複数のマイクロホンユニット
と、上記マイクロホンユニットを通る直Hを音源方向に
向けた場合における音源から最とも距離の大きいマイク
ロホンユニットを基準として上記それぞれのマイクロホ
ンユニット間の距離によって発生する音響的な時間遅延
値と同一の時間遅延値を上記基準となるマイクロホンユ
ニット以外のそれぞれのマイクロホンユニットの出力信
号に対して与えるための時間遅延手段と、上記時間遅延
手段および上記基準となるマイクロホンユニットからの
出力信号を総加算する加算手段を備えてなるマイクロホ
ン。
(1) A plurality of microphone units arranged in a straight line, and the distance between each of the above microphone units based on the microphone unit that is the longest distance from the sound source when the straight H passing through the above microphone units is directed toward the sound source. time delay means for giving the same time delay value as the acoustic time delay value generated by the reference microphone unit to the output signal of each microphone unit other than the reference microphone unit; A microphone comprising adding means for totaling output signals from microphone units.
(2)マイクロホンユニットは直線と直交する平面内に
複数のマイクロホン素子を配置し、それらマイクロホン
素子の出力・1g号を加算器にて総加算して取り出すよ
うに構成したことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記
載のマイクロホン。
(2) A patent claim characterized in that the microphone unit is configured such that a plurality of microphone elements are arranged in a plane orthogonal to a straight line, and the outputs of the microphone elements (number 1g) are totaled by an adder and extracted. The microphone according to item 1.
JP18021182A 1982-10-13 1982-10-13 Microphone Pending JPS5970097A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP18021182A JPS5970097A (en) 1982-10-13 1982-10-13 Microphone

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP18021182A JPS5970097A (en) 1982-10-13 1982-10-13 Microphone

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5970097A true JPS5970097A (en) 1984-04-20

Family

ID=16079336

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP18021182A Pending JPS5970097A (en) 1982-10-13 1982-10-13 Microphone

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5970097A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02205200A (en) * 1989-02-03 1990-08-15 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Array microphone
JP2006336508A (en) * 2005-05-31 2006-12-14 Zojirushi Corp Air conditioner

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02205200A (en) * 1989-02-03 1990-08-15 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Array microphone
JP2006336508A (en) * 2005-05-31 2006-12-14 Zojirushi Corp Air conditioner

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4742548A (en) Unidirectional second order gradient microphone
JPH06245291A (en) Method for reducing directional noise in voice, and device for executing the method
JPH02205200A (en) Array microphone
EP1057364A1 (en) Digital and analog directional microphone
GB1576451A (en) Transducer arrangement for a surface acoustic wave device to unhibit the generation of multiple reflection signals
CN109151670B (en) Sound collection device
JPS5970097A (en) Microphone
JPH06284494A (en) Microphone for video camera
US3801937A (en) Acoustic pulse compression weighting filter transducer
JPH05122092A (en) Frequency inversion receiving desired signal having two or more of same frequency and inhibiting same channel interference between said signal, phased array antenna system and method of inhibiting same channel interference in said system
JPH0562515B2 (en)
Ward et al. Broadband microphone arrays for speech acquisition
Liu et al. Simulation of fixed microphone arrays for directional hearing aids
JPH04322598A (en) Microphone device
JP3170107B2 (en) Directional microphone system
RU2169439C1 (en) Method of formation of directivity characteristic of hydroacoustic antenna
JPH0332152Y2 (en)
Olson A horn consisting of manifold exponential sections
JPS6134755Y2 (en)
US20230262374A1 (en) Sound pickup device
JPH0763199B2 (en) Electro-acoustic transducer
JPS5329160A (en) Bearing interpolator of submerged sound detector
JPH02202296A (en) Speaker system
Chen et al. A new approach for speaker tracking in reverberant environment
JPH09319379A (en) Noise reduction system