JPS5953454B2 - antifreeze device - Google Patents

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、給湯機器等の通水路が寒冷地等において凍結
するのを防止するため、凍結に近い低温になると通水路
の低温流水弁（凍結防止弁）力哨動的に開き、この弁か
ら水を流すとにより通水路の凍結を図る凍結防止装置に
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In order to prevent the water passages of hot water supply equipment, etc. from freezing in cold regions, the present invention is designed to prevent cold water flow valves (anti-freeze valves) in the water passages from freezing when the temperature approaches freezing. The present invention relates to an anti-freeze device which attempts to freeze a passageway by opening the valve and allowing water to flow through the valve.

給湯機器の通水路が寒冷時に凍結するのを防止する方法
としては、機器や配管内の水を手動で抜く水抜方法や、
出湯口栓を僅かに開いて水を予めタレ流しておく方法以
外に、これを自動で防止する方法の一つとして、水が凍
結する温度附近で急に体積が変化する物質を密封した感
熱部のダイヤフラムの動きによって弁を凍結直前に開き
水を流出させる低温流水弁（凍結防止弁）をもちいて、
機器や配管など通水部分の凍結破烈を防ぐ方式が実施さ
れている。Methods to prevent water supply channels from freezing in cold weather include manually draining water from the equipment and pipes,
In addition to opening the tap slightly and allowing the water to drip in advance, one way to automatically prevent this is to use a heat-sensitive part sealed with a substance that suddenly changes volume near the temperature at which water freezes. We use a low-temperature water valve (antifreeze valve) that opens the valve just before it freezes and lets water flow out by the movement of a diaphragm.
Methods are being implemented to prevent water-conducting parts such as equipment and piping from freezing and bursting.

その流水量は外気温に殆んど関係なく一定量流れるもの
、寒冷度合に応じて流水量が変化するものなどがあり、
流水必要量は外気温や機器及び配管などの状態により異
なり、流水量が多い程凍結防止能力が大きくなるが、逆
に省資源や無駄の少ない凍結防止の観点からおのずと流
水量設定には限界がある。There are some types of water that flow at a constant amount almost regardless of the outside temperature, and others where the amount of water flows changes depending on the degree of coldness.
The amount of water required varies depending on the outside temperature and the condition of equipment and piping, and the higher the flow rate, the greater the antifreeze ability, but on the other hand, there is a limit to the amount of water that can be set from the perspective of saving resources and preventing freezing with less waste. be.

従来は種々の条件により異なるが、外気温−１０℃でほ
ぼ２００〜３００ｃｃ／分位の流水量になっている。Conventionally, the flow rate has been approximately 200 to 300 cc/min at an outside temperature of -10°C, although it varies depending on various conditions.

しかしこの時の水圧は、凍結防止水圧条件の関係から０
．５ｋｇ／ｃｒｎ２位で設定されており、標準水位１ｋ
ｇ／ｃｍ２あるいは高水圧においては規準水量を越えた
相当量の排水があり、一般の水圧の現状からして無駄な
排水を行なっている場合が多くなっている。However, the water pressure at this time was 0 due to the antifreeze water pressure conditions.
．． It is set at 5kg/crn 2nd place, and the standard water level is 1k.
At g/cm2 or high water pressure, there is a considerable amount of drainage that exceeds the standard water volume, and in many cases wasteful drainage is being carried out considering the current state of general water pressure.

これに対し低温流水弁の上流に定量式ガバナを専用に設
ける方法もあるが、定量式ガバナである為に設定された
成る一定量は流水することになり、外気温の寒冷度合に
応じて自動的に流水量が少なく設定できる低温流水弁を
使用した場合には、やはり無駄な量が流水されることに
なる。On the other hand, there is a method of installing a metering type governor exclusively upstream of the low-temperature water flow valve, but since it is a metering type governor, a fixed amount of water will flow, and it will automatically flow depending on the degree of coldness of the outside temperature. If a low-temperature water valve that can be set to a low water flow rate is used, a wasteful amount of water will still be flushed.

また定量式では、既存の湯沸器水回路用ガバナと流量レ
ベルが異なる為に併用化できず、低温作動弁用として専
用に設けねばならないという不便さもあった。In addition, the quantitative type cannot be used in combination with the existing water heater water circuit governor because the flow rate level is different, and there is also the inconvenience that it must be installed exclusively for the low-temperature operating valve.

本発明はかかる従来の欠点を除去し、水圧が変っても流
水量を多くせずして有効な凍結防止をする方法を提供す
るものである。The present invention eliminates these conventional drawbacks and provides a method for effectively preventing freezing without increasing the amount of water flowing even if the water pressure changes.

以下、その一実施例を図面と共に説明する。An embodiment thereof will be described below with reference to the drawings.

第１図において、１は水制御器の主体で、キャップ２，
３と共に水制御器を構成している。In Fig. 1, 1 is the main body of the water controller, the cap 2,
Together with 3, it constitutes a water controller.

４は水入口、５は熱交換器６へ通じる水出口である。4 is a water inlet, and 5 is a water outlet leading to the heat exchanger 6.

水制御器内にはガバナダイヤフラム７により分割された
ガバナダイヤフラム室、及び水圧応動ダイヤフラム８に
より分割された水圧応動ダイヤフラム室を有している。The water controller has a governor diaphragm chamber divided by a governor diaphragm 7 and a hydraulically responsive diaphragm chamber divided by a hydraulically responsive diaphragm 8.

ガバナダイヤフラム側には高圧室９及び大気開放の低圧
室１０、さらにダイヤフラム７に追従して動作するガバ
ナ作動子１１゜その弁座１２、ダイヤフラム７の力に対
抗するスプリング１３などがあり、ガバナ作動部が形成
される。On the governor diaphragm side, there are a high pressure chamber 9, a low pressure chamber 10 open to the atmosphere, a governor actuator 11° that operates following the diaphragm 7, a valve seat 12 thereof, a spring 13 that counters the force of the diaphragm 7, etc., and the governor operates. part is formed.

また水圧応動ダイヤフラム側には高圧室１４、ベンチュ
リーの低圧発生部に導入孔を介して連通した低圧室１５
があり、操作桿１６と共に水圧応動部が形成されている
。In addition, a high pressure chamber 14 is located on the hydraulic responsive diaphragm side, and a low pressure chamber 15 is connected to the low pressure generating section of the venturi through an introduction hole.
There is a hydraulic response part formed together with the operation stick 16.

１７は高圧室１４から直接熱交換器６を出た給湯回路へ
向うバイパス通路で、途中バイパス流量を自動制御する
自動差圧弁部１８及び手動流量調節部１９を通って湯水
混合部２０で湯と合流して出湯口へ給湯されることにな
る。Reference numeral 17 denotes a bypass passage that goes directly from the high pressure chamber 14 to the hot water supply circuit that exits the heat exchanger 6. On the way, it passes through an automatic differential pressure valve section 18 that automatically controls the bypass flow rate and a manual flow rate adjustment section 19, and then passes through the hot water mixing section 20. The water will be merged and hot water will be supplied to the hot water outlet.

自動差圧弁部１８は熱交換器通路に一定量（湯沸器の能
力に応じて沸騰を起さない流量）流れるまでは閉弁状態
となっている。The automatic differential pressure valve section 18 remains closed until a certain amount of water flows into the heat exchanger passage (a flow rate that does not cause boiling depending on the capacity of the water heater).

更に、給湯回路の一部に分岐して低温流水弁２１が設け
られており、２２がその外装ケース、２３がノズルであ
り、弁座２４と弁２５で弁体を構成し、感熱体２６の体
積変化により金属ダイヤフラム２７が変位して弁体を開
閉制御する構成であり、２８は流水時の弁排水口である
。Furthermore, a low-temperature water flow valve 21 is branched to a part of the hot water supply circuit, 22 is its outer case, 23 is a nozzle, the valve seat 24 and the valve 25 constitute a valve body, and the heat sensitive body 26 A metal diaphragm 27 is displaced by a change in volume to control opening and closing of the valve body, and 28 is a valve drain port when water is flowing.

上記構成において、通常の湯沸器使用時（通水時）の動
作は従来と同様であり詳しい説明は省略するが、水火口
４から入った水はガバナ作動部の作用で入口水圧が高圧
になってもガバナダイヤフラム高圧室９の水圧が一定化
され、水がベンチュリ一部を流れることにより水圧応動
ダイヤフラム側の高圧室１４と低圧室１５に圧力差を生
じ、ダイヤフラム８が変位して操作桿１６を介して図示
してないガス回路の水圧応動弁を開弁し、予め点火され
ている種火により着火し燃焼が開始される。In the above configuration, the operation during normal use of the water heater (during water flow) is the same as the conventional one, and a detailed explanation will be omitted. Even if this occurs, the water pressure in the governor diaphragm high pressure chamber 9 is kept constant, and water flows through a portion of the venturi, creating a pressure difference between the high pressure chamber 14 and the low pressure chamber 15 on the water pressure responsive diaphragm side, displacing the diaphragm 8 and pressing the operating lever. 16, a hydraulic valve in a gas circuit (not shown) is opened, and a pre-ignited pilot flame ignites to start combustion.

従って水制御器を出た水は熱交換器６で湯となってバイ
パス通路１７からの水と混合部２０で混合して給湯回路
を経て出湯口より給湯される。Therefore, the water coming out of the water controller becomes hot water in the heat exchanger 6, mixes with water from the bypass passage 17 in the mixing section 20, passes through the hot water supply circuit, and is supplied from the hot water outlet.

バイパス回路中の自動差圧弁部１８は熱交換器流量とバ
イパス流量の比率を変える働きをもち、熱交換流量が成
る一定流量以上では給湯流量の増加に従いバイパス流量
のみが増加する構成になっており、また流量調節部１９
で調節子の人為的な操作により最小流量まで調節可能と
なっている。The automatic differential pressure valve section 18 in the bypass circuit has the function of changing the ratio between the heat exchanger flow rate and the bypass flow rate, and is configured such that when the heat exchange flow rate exceeds a certain flow rate, only the bypass flow rate increases as the hot water supply flow rate increases. , and the flow rate adjustment section 19
The flow rate can be adjusted to the minimum by manually operating the regulator.

次に本発明に係わる動作について述べる。Next, the operation related to the present invention will be described.

冬場寒冷地などにおいて、器具不使用時すなわち器具元
栓は開栓のまま給湯蛇口が閉栓の状態において、外気温
が水回路凍結温度附近まで下がってくると、凍結直前の
温度で低温流水弁２１の感熱体２６が収縮方向に体積変
化し、ダイヤフラム２７が変位して、それと連動する弁
２５が弁座２４より開栓し始め、ノズル２３から流水が
行なわれ、弁排水口２８より外部に排水される。In cold winter regions, when the appliance is not in use, that is, when the appliance main valve is left open and the hot water faucet is closed, when the outside temperature drops to around the freezing temperature of the water circuit, the low-temperature water valve 21 closes at a temperature just before freezing. The volume of the heat sensitive element 26 changes in the direction of contraction, the diaphragm 27 is displaced, and the valve 25 linked thereto begins to open from the valve seat 24, allowing water to flow from the nozzle 23 and drain to the outside from the valve drain port 28. Ru.

このときの流水の温度及び運動エネルギにより弁上流側
通水部、すなわち器具や配管の凍結が防止できる。The temperature and kinetic energy of the flowing water at this time can prevent the water flow section on the upstream side of the valve, that is, the equipment and piping, from freezing.

この時、器具内の流水は流水量が少ない為、自動差圧弁
部１８が閉状態でバイパス通路１７には流れず、熱交換
器通路のみの通水となる。At this time, since the amount of water flowing inside the appliance is small, the automatic differential pressure valve section 18 is in a closed state, and the water does not flow into the bypass passage 17, but only through the heat exchanger passage.

また流水量は、流水弁２１に及ぼす外気温や外装ケース
２２を経て感熱体２６に伝わる水温の影響を受けて、自
動的に弁２５と弁座２４のギャップが調整され、配管系
の凍結を防止する為の最小限の流水量に止どまる。In addition, the amount of water flowing is affected by the outside temperature on the water valve 21 and the water temperature transmitted to the heat sensitive element 26 via the exterior case 22, and the gap between the valve 25 and the valve seat 24 is automatically adjusted to prevent freezing of the piping system. The amount of water flowing should be kept to the minimum required to prevent this.

この関係の一例を第２図に示す。An example of this relationship is shown in FIG.

破線は器具を含む配管系の凍結を防止するギリギリの流
量カーブで、ａは水温５℃、ｂは水温８℃の場合を示す
。The dashed line is a flow rate curve that is at the limit of preventing freezing of the piping system including the equipment, and a shows the case where the water temperature is 5°C and b shows the case where the water temperature is 8°C.

実線は実際の流水量を示し、Ａは水温５℃、Ｂは水温８
℃の場合であり、外気温・水温の各条件下において、若
干の余裕を残して最小限の流水量にて有効に凍結が防止
される特性になる。The solid line shows the actual flow rate, A is for water temperature 5℃, B is water temperature 8℃.
℃, and under each condition of outside temperature and water temperature, freezing can be effectively prevented with a minimum amount of water flow, leaving some margin.

さて、この場合の水圧は０．５ｋｇ／ｃｍ２（流水量が
僅かの為器具入口及び弁入口共はぼ同じ水圧となる）の
場合であるが、仮に定圧式ガバナがない場合、水圧が１
ｋｇ／ｃｍ２になると第２図で示すＡはＡ′の流量カー
ブとなり、斜線で示すように約２倍の無駄な流水が行な
われ、水圧がさらに高圧になるとそれに応じて無駄な流
水が増えることになる。Now, the water pressure in this case is 0.5 kg/cm2 (because the amount of water flowing is small, the water pressure at the appliance inlet and the valve inlet is almost the same), but if there is no constant pressure governor, the water pressure is 1 kg/cm2.
kg/cm2, the flow rate curve A shown in Figure 2 becomes A', and approximately twice as much water is wasted as shown by the diagonal line, and as the water pressure becomes even higher, the amount of wasted water increases accordingly. become.

次に本発明の定圧式ガバナの作用に関し、さらに詳しく
述べる。Next, the operation of the constant pressure governor of the present invention will be described in more detail.

第３図に入口水圧に対する流水量（給湯量）、すなわち
ガバナ特性の一例を示す。FIG. 3 shows an example of the flow rate (hot water supply amount) with respect to the inlet water pressure, that is, the governor characteristics.

Ｅで示すカーブは調節弁や給湯栓全開の状態における特
性で、この状態から給湯栓（ガバナ部下流側の抵抗）を
絞り込んで８１及び６１に設定（水圧１ｋｇ／ｃｍｚ時
）した時のカーブをＦ及びＧに示す。The curve shown by E is the characteristic when the control valve and hot water tap are fully open. From this state, the curve when the hot water tap (resistance on the downstream side of the governor part) is narrowed down and set to 81 and 61 (at a water pressure of 1 kg/cmz) is shown. Shown in F and G.

すなわち低圧室１０が大気圧であり定圧式ガバナの為、
給湯栓等で絞り込んで流量を可変しても、高圧室９の水
圧は増加する方向に作用してガバナ作動子１１はガバナ
がきく方向に働き、先抵抗に応じた流量レベルにてガバ
ナが良好に作動する特性となる。In other words, since the low pressure chamber 10 is at atmospheric pressure and is a constant pressure governor,
Even if the flow rate is varied by restricting the flow rate with a hot water tap, etc., the water pressure in the high pressure chamber 9 acts in the direction of increasing, and the governor actuator 11 acts in the direction to activate the governor, and the governor works well at the flow rate level according to the resistance. It is a characteristic that operates in the following manner.

また給湯栓が止水状態で通水のない場合は、ダイヤフラ
ム７は低圧側に限度まで変位し、それに追従する作動子
１１は弁座１２に当接して閉止状態にある。Further, when the hot water tap is in a water stop state and no water is flowing, the diaphragm 7 is displaced to the low pressure side to its limit, and the actuator 11 that follows this is in contact with the valve seat 12 and is in a closed state.

次に、給湯栓を僅かに開いて微少流量状態にセット （
水圧１ ｋｇ／−で２００ｃｃ／分及び１００ｃｃ／分
）した場合のガバナ特性を第３図のＨ及びＩに示す。Next, open the hot water tap slightly and set it to a minute flow state (
The governor characteristics when the water pressure is 1 kg/- and 200 cc/min and 100 cc/min are shown in H and I in FIG.

この場合も前記と同様の理由で良好な特性を示すことに
なる。In this case as well, good characteristics will be exhibited for the same reason as above.

また、低温流水弁２１のノズル２３あるいは弁体２４，
２５で絞られた状態は、給湯栓を著しく絞った時と同様
な状態であり、この時のガバナ特性は同様に第３図Ｈ及
び■の特性となる。In addition, the nozzle 23 or valve body 24 of the low-temperature water valve 21,
The throttled state at 25 is the same as when the hot water tap is throttled down significantly, and the governor characteristics at this time are the same as those shown in FIG. 3 H and (3).

（水圧０．５ｋｇ／ｃＩＴ１２以上では流量はほぼフ
ラツ゛ト）従って、低温流水弁２１からの流水量は外気
温・水温一定値では水圧によらず常に一定量であり、水
圧０．５ｋｇ／ａｍ２で設定された流量のままとなる。(When the water pressure is 0.5 kg/cIT12 or higher, the flow rate is almost flat.) Therefore, when the outside temperature and water temperature are constant, the flow rate from the low temperature water flow valve 21 is always a constant amount regardless of the water pressure, and is set at a water pressure of 0.5 kg/am2. The flow rate remains as it was.

すなわち第２図のＡで示す条件下の特性でＸの点の流水
量は水圧に無関係に一定となり、常に効率的な凍結防止
を可能ならしめるものである。That is, under the characteristics shown by A in FIG. 2, the amount of water flowing at point X is constant regardless of the water pressure, making it possible to always effectively prevent freezing.

前述の構成にもとづき本発明には次のような作用効果が
ある。Based on the above configuration, the present invention has the following effects.

（１）低温流水弁に定圧式ガバナを組合せているので、
水圧が低圧から高圧のどの地域においても、水圧による
影響のない効率的な流水量での凍結防止が可能となる。(1) A low-temperature water valve is combined with a constant pressure governor, so
Freezing prevention is possible with an efficient water flow that is unaffected by water pressure, regardless of where the water pressure is low to high.

特に、外気温に応じて流水量が変化し必要最小限の流水
量で凍結を防止する流水弁には一層の効果を発揮するも
のとなる。In particular, a water valve that changes the amount of water flowing depending on the outside temperature and prevents freezing with the minimum required amount of water will be even more effective.

（２）更に、定圧式ガバナは先で絞られた場合のあらゆ
る流量レベルにおいて特性が良好に作用する為、従来の
湯沸器水制御器用のガバナをこのタイプにすれば、低温
流水弁用のガバナとして別途設ける必要はなく共用化が
可能となり、構成上、コスト上の面からの効果も極めて
大である。(2) In addition, constant pressure governors have good characteristics at all flow levels when throttled at the tip, so if you use this type of governor for a conventional water heater water controller, you can use it for low-temperature water valves. There is no need to provide a separate governor, and it can be shared, and the effects in terms of configuration and cost are also extremely large.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明の一実施例における凍結防止装置付きガ
ス瞬間湯沸器の構成略図、第２図は低温流水弁の特性図
、第３図は定圧式ガバナの特性図である。 ４・・・・・・水入口、５・・・・・・水出口、６・・
・・・・熱交換器、７・・・・・・ガバナダイヤフラム
、８・・・・・・水圧応動ダイヤフラム、９・・・・・
・高圧室、１０・・・・・・低圧室、１１・・・・・・
ガバナ作動子、１２・・・・・・弁座、１３・・曲スプ
リング、１４・・・・・・高圧室、１５・・・・・・低
圧室、１６・・・・・・作動枠、１７・・・・・・バイ
パス通路、１８・・・・・・自動差圧弁部、１９・・・
・・・手動流量調節弁、２゜・・・・・・湯水混合部、
２１・・・・・・低温流水弁、２４・・曲弁座、２５・
・・・・・弁、２６・・・・・・感熱体、２７・曲・ダ
イヤフラム、２８・・・・・・弁排出口。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a gas instantaneous water heater equipped with an antifreeze device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram of a low-temperature water valve, and FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram of a constant pressure governor. 4...Water inlet, 5...Water outlet, 6...
...Heat exchanger, 7...Governor diaphragm, 8...Hydraulic pressure responsive diaphragm, 9...
・High pressure chamber, 10...Low pressure chamber, 11...
Governor actuator, 12... Valve seat, 13... Bent spring, 14... High pressure chamber, 15... Low pressure chamber, 16... Operating frame, 17...Bypass passage, 18...Automatic differential pressure valve section, 19...
...Manual flow control valve, 2゜...Hot water mixing section,
21...Low temperature water valve, 24...Curved valve seat, 25...
... Valve, 26 ... Heat sensitive body, 27 - curved diaphragm, 28 ... Valve outlet.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 １ 給湯機器の下流の通水路に、凍結するに近い温度に
低下すると弁を開いて通水路の水を必要最少限の量で連
続的に流出させる低温流水弁を設け、前記給湯機器には
一次圧の変動や下流側の通水抵抗変化に対して二次圧を
一定に保つよう動作する定圧式ガバナを設けた凍結防止
装置。 ２ 定圧式ガバナはダイヤフラムによって仕切られた高
圧室と常圧の低圧室とを有し、高圧室側には水入口、弁
座を通じて高圧室に入り高圧室から水出口へと向う通水
路を形成し、ダイヤフラムには水入口からの一次水圧に
対して水出口側の二次水圧を一定に保つよう弁座の開口
度を制御するガバナ作動子を連動させ、低圧室側にはダ
イヤフラムの低圧室側への変位に対して対抗するスプリ
ングを設けた特許請求の範囲第１項記載の凍結防止装置
。[Scope of Claims] 1. A low-temperature water valve is provided in the water passage downstream of the hot water supply equipment, and the valve opens when the temperature drops to near freezing, allowing water in the water passage to continuously flow out in the minimum necessary amount; The water heater is equipped with a constant pressure governor that operates to keep the secondary pressure constant despite fluctuations in the primary pressure and changes in water flow resistance on the downstream side. 2 A constant pressure governor has a high pressure chamber and a low pressure chamber with normal pressure separated by a diaphragm, and a water inlet on the high pressure chamber side and a water passage that enters the high pressure chamber through the valve seat and goes from the high pressure chamber to the water outlet. The diaphragm is linked with a governor actuator that controls the opening degree of the valve seat to keep the secondary water pressure on the water outlet side constant with respect to the primary water pressure from the water inlet, and the low pressure chamber of the diaphragm is connected to the low pressure chamber side. 2. The anti-freezing device according to claim 1, further comprising a spring which opposes lateral displacement.