JPS5953146A - Method for controlling apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable an apparatus to be operated at all times under a maximum load that would not generate abnormal vibrations, by judging as suppression of abnormal vibrations at the point when the periodic property of the peaks of the waveform of the vibrations has disappeared due to the lowering of the load, and keeping that loaded state. CONSTITUTION:The block diagram illustrates the case where cutting by using a lathe is effected. The noise signal that is one of the waveforms of vibrations of the lathe L is detected by a microphone MC, and is amplified, and the direct current part and a high frequency noise are eliminated by a band pass filter, and only the negative part is sent to an A-D converter by a half-wave rectifier circuit. The signal is digitized there, and is inputted into an interface and the generation or suppression of the chattering vibrations is judged by a CPU. By this suppression of the chattering vibrations, the CPU sends a stopping signal of load decreasing operation to a lathe control section to continue the subsequent cutting with this state kept and therefore the apparatus can be operated under a maximum load.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は過負荷等種々Ｏ原因）こよって発生する異常振
動υ発生・抑制を検出し、常１こ最大負荷で運転しうる
機器υ制御方法）こ関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of controlling equipment that can detect the occurrence and suppression of abnormal vibrations caused by various causes such as overload, and can always operate at maximum load.

旋盤・ドリル・フライス等υ工作機械、発屯欣υ回転子
や化学プラント等υバルブ等、過負荷や自励的原因や機
械部品Ｖ摩耗・損傷ｉこよって異常振動が発生する凶器
）こおいては、こυ異常振ｖＪｌこより、製品υ劣化や
成端た鴨合１こは機器υ重大な破損を生ずる。一方、異
常振ｖＪ全発生する恐れυない低負荷運転では、生産性
の低下全招くことが明らかである。Machine tools such as lathes, drills, and milling machines, rotors and valves in chemical plants, etc., are overloaded, self-exciting causes, and machine parts are worn out or damaged, resulting in abnormal vibrations (weapons). In this case, abnormal vibrations will cause product deterioration and severe damage to the equipment. On the other hand, it is clear that low-load operation without the risk of abnormal vibration VJ will result in a total decrease in productivity.

本発明け、異常振動が発生すればある特定の周波数成分
がそυ振動１こ対応する振動波形（たとえば騒音）中１
こ強く表われる現象を利用し、そυ振動波形Ｄビークが
ほぼ同一周期で表われた部会は異常振動Ｏ発生と判断し
て負荷を軽減するか運転全停止し、負荷の軽減により振
動波形υピークＤ周期ヒが消失した時点で異常振動り抑
正と判断して負荷状態を維持すること）こより、常（こ
異常振動が発生しない限界υ最大負荷で機器を運転する
ことを可能とする機器Ｏ制御方法を得ようとするもっで
ある。According to the present invention, when abnormal vibration occurs, a certain specific frequency component is detected as one part of the vibration waveform (for example, noise) corresponding to one part of the υ vibration.
Taking advantage of this strongly occurring phenomenon, the subcommittee in which the υ vibration waveform D peak appears at almost the same period determines that abnormal vibration O has occurred and reduces the load or completely stops operation, and by reducing the load, the vibration waveform υ When the peak D period H disappears, it is determined that abnormal vibration has been suppressed and the load state is maintained. I am trying to obtain an O control method.

以下図面を参照して詳細１こ説明する。The details will be explained below with reference to the drawings.

第１図は本発明を旋盤）こよる切削で実施した鴫会のブ
ロック図を示す。FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a machine that implements the present invention by cutting using a lathe.

旋盤Ｌ′７）振動波形７）１つである騒音信号はマイク
Ｍ（ｌこよって噴出される。この信号はバイトυ加速式
信号等、ｌｌ＆器本体から検出してもよいが、例えばバ
イトから７）検出ずぎ号ｉこけ、尚常振動発生前ｉども
強い周Ｍ成分が含まれ、異常振＠（びびり振動）発生時
点Ｏ判断が正確さを欠く揚台が生じる。しかし、こＯ信
号取出部分け、応用対象ｉこよって適宜選択される。Lathe L'7) Vibration waveform 7) One noise signal is emitted by the microphone M (l. This signal may be detected from the main body of the machine, such as a cutting tool υ acceleration type signal, but for example, from the cutting tool) 7) Detection number i cracks, and even before the occurrence of normal vibration, a strong circumferential M component is included, and there is a platform where the judgment of the point of occurrence of abnormal vibration (chattering vibration) lacks accuracy. However, the selection is made as appropriate depending on the part for extracting the O signal and the application target.

検出された信号は増幅され、バンドパスフィルターこよ
って直流分と高周波ノイズを除去され、半波整流回路に
よって負θ部分を切捨てられ、第２図（ど示す正り部分
′７）与がＡ−Ｄコンバータｌこ送られる。Ａ−Ｄコン
バータは発振（ロ）路で指定されたサンプリングレート
ｔこ従って上記信号をデジタル化し、インターフェース
へ入力し、ＣＰＵＩこよってびびり振動υ発生・抑制を
判別する。The detected signal is amplified, the DC component and high frequency noise are removed by a bandpass filter, and the negative θ part is discarded by a half-wave rectifier circuit. A D converter is sent. The A-D converter digitizes the above signal according to the sampling rate t specified by the oscillation (b) path, inputs it to the interface, and determines whether chatter vibration υ is generated or suppressed by the CPU.

びびり振動発生７）判断は次Ｏようｉこ行なわれる。第
２図ｉこ示す信号υビーク点け、信号が増加順向から減
少順向へ変わる点として検出される。そして、ピーク点
出現Ｏ時間間隔が測定される。ピーク点Ｐｎ−１とＰｎ
とＯ間隔をＤｎ−＋、ピーク点ＰｎとＰｎ＋＋とＯ間隔
をＤｎとし、ある許容割合Ｑチで示される条件 を満足するとき、そつ波は同一周期を待つもっとする。Chatter Vibration Occurrence 7) Judgment is made as follows. The peak of the signal υ shown in FIG. 2 is detected as the point at which the signal changes from an increasing direction to a decreasing direction. Then, the peak point appearance O time interval is measured. Peak points Pn-1 and Pn
When the interval between and O is Dn-+, the interval between peak points Pn and Pn++ and O is Dn, and the condition expressed by a certain allowable ratio Q is satisfied, the wave waits for the same period.

このよう１こ定義された同一周期？持つピークがＮ回連
続して現れたとき、ひびり振動が発生したもυとｆ！１
ｌｌｆｒする。The same period defined like this? When the same peak appears N times in a row, crack vibration occurs, but υ and f! 1
llfr.

上記中、許容割合Ｑと目眩Ｎυ峻適直は実験的１こ求め
られる。旋盤）こよる切削７）ｍ＆、びびり振動り発生
により、切削面１こびびりマークが残される。第３図は
縦軸うと切削開始からの経過時間をとり、上記りびびり
マークから判断された真７）ひびり発生時間に対し、Ｑ
、ＮｅｆえたＳ会ｉこびびり発生と判断された時間がど
Ｏよう）こ変化するか７）■圀を示している口図示υよ
うなｔｉＡ会１こけ、杵各割合ＱけｌＯ≦Ｑ≦２０％、
ピーク間隔υ一枚回数Ｎを４又け５とおくυがよいこと
がわかる。これらＤＱＳＮ７）峡適１ｉｉけ本発明？応
用すべき対象ごと１こそれぞれ１こ決定されなければな
らないことは云うまでもない。Among the above, the allowable ratio Q and the dizziness Nυ sharpness are determined experimentally. Lathe) Severe cutting 7) Due to the occurrence of chatter vibration, chatter marks are left on the cutting surface. Figure 3 shows the elapsed time from the start of cutting on the vertical axis, and the Q
, how does the time at which it is determined that the chatter has occurred change? 20%,
It can be seen that it is better to set the peak interval υ per sheet number N to 4 and 5. Are these DQSN7) suitable for this invention? Needless to say, one item must be determined for each target to be applied.

上記υようｉこして判断されたびびり振＠発生１こより
、ＣＰＵけ旋盤制御部）と負荷減少υ信号を出力し、旋
盤制御部はびびり振動が抑制されるまで切込深さを減小
さげる。こ■負荷減少は、フライスやドリル加工等でけ
ｌ刃当りＤ送りを小さくすればよいが、旋盤１こおいて
切込深さを小）こした場合５こけ切削面１こ段が形成さ
れるって、切込深さυ減少旨とそつ位瞠をメモＩＪ　　
ｊこ記憶さぜることが必要となる◎ びびり振＠Ｏ抑制υ判断は次υよう１こ行なわれる〇 上述つよう）こ連続する２つυピーク直間隔ＤｎＤｎ＋
＋Ｄ間）こ上記０式で定義される周に８曲が認められず
、こυような関係がＭ回連読したとき）こびびり振動が
抑制されたもっと判断する。上記７）例では実験的ｔこ
Ｍ＝８とおかれる。びびり振動υ抑制時１こけ、振動が
現れたり消えたりＤ状態がしばらく続く。こっため、一
般的１こは、Ｍ＝８とかなりυ回数、周期成分が繰返さ
れないことが要求され２〕。Based on the chatter vibration determined by the above υ, the CPU-based lathe control unit outputs a load reduction υ signal, and the lathe control unit reduces the depth of cut until the chatter vibration is suppressed. . ■Load reduction can be achieved by reducing the D feed per cutting edge during milling or drilling, but if the depth of cut is reduced using a lathe, 5 moss and 1 step will be formed on the cut surface. Then, make a note of the decrease in depth of cut υ and the direction of the change.
It is necessary to memorize this ◎ The chatter vibration @O suppression υ judgment is made as follows 〇 As mentioned above) The direct interval between two consecutive υ peaks DnDn+
+ D) When 8 songs are not recognized in the cycle defined by the above formula 0, and such a relationship is read M times) It is determined that the chatter vibration has been suppressed. In the example 7) above, experimentally M is set as 8. When chatter vibration υ is suppressed, vibration appears and disappears, and state D continues for a while. Therefore, in a general case, it is required that the periodic component is not repeated υ times (M=8) [2].

こりびびり振動抑制により、ＣＰＵけ旋盤制御部もこ負
荷減少操作り停正偵号を出し、そ７）状態を維持して後
り切削を続行する。By suppressing chatter vibration, the CPU-based lathe control unit also issues a signal to stop the load reduction operation, and continues back cutting while maintaining the 7) condition.

上記の操作１こ当り、切削が不可能１こなるまで負荷′
ｆ減少させなければならない場合け、工具欠損々どＯ異
常事態が発生したもっと判断され、暖器Ｏ運転を停止さ
せる。For each operation above, load until cutting becomes impossible.
If it is necessary to reduce f, it is determined that an abnormal situation such as missing tools has occurred, and the warm-up operation is stopped.

実施対象が旋盤７）揚台、上記のよう１こバイトυ切込
深さを減少させると切削残り０部分が生ずるって、上記
りよう（こびびり振動を抑制した状態でυ切削完了後１
こ、記憶されたバイト７）後退位１あるいけそり若干前
から記憶されたバイト’７）ｖｋ退ｌ１ｔ７）切込深さ
で再切削を行うことｉこよって所定υ切削面を惧ること
が出来る。The object of implementation is a lathe 7) lifting platform, and if the depth of cut υ is reduced by 1 bit as described above, there will be 0 part left uncut.
This is the stored cutting tool 7) Retraction position 1 and cutting tool stored from a while back' I can do it.

上記υようｔこ、本発明ｔこよれば、 θ）　本発明を応用することｉこより、各種７）機器は
常に異常振動分生じない峻大負荷で自動運転が出来るＤ
で生＋１ｊが胃い〇 ■　適正負荷（こ無関係）と、ＰＦＮａ’財υ切削、鏝
大υバイト送り等、運転開始時υ機器リセットな行えば
、自動的１こ適正負荷）こセットし直されるって、機器
′７）取扱いが簡単（こなる。According to the above υ and the present invention, θ) By applying the present invention, various types of 7) equipment can be automatically operated under steep loads without abnormal vibrations.D
I can't stomach raw+1j 〇■ If you reset the equipment at the start of operation, such as the appropriate load (this is unrelated), PFNa' material υ cutting, trowel size υ byte feed, etc., it will automatically reset the 1 appropriate load). The device is easy to handle.

■　ｆキ号検出をマイクで行うって、汎用性があ（７） す、安価な制ＦＩＬＬ装置を作ることが出来る。■ Detecting the f-key using a microphone is versatile (7) Therefore, it is possible to make an inexpensive FILL control device.

■　機器１こ無理な負荷をかけることがないって、過負
荷１こよる機器υ損傷をさけることが出来る０ 等７）顕著な効果分奏することが出来る。■ It is possible to avoid damage to the equipment caused by overloading by not applying an excessive load to the equipment.7) Remarkable effects can be achieved.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明を旋盤１こ実施したときりブロック図、
第２図は前処理回路からり出力信号波形図、第３図は許
容割合Ｑとサンプリングするピーク０回数Ｎ１こよる判
断υ遅速を示す図である。 特許出願人　新技術開発事嫉団 出鵬人代理人　弁理士　匠　　藤　　文　　男（８） 第　　　２　　　図Fig. 1 is a cutting block diagram when the present invention is implemented on one lathe;
FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of the output signal from the preprocessing circuit, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the judgment υ slow speed depending on the allowable ratio Q and the number of times N1 of zero peaks are sampled. Patent applicant: New technology development agent: Patent attorney: Takumi Fujio (8) Figure 2

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 ■）機器り運転ｔこ伴って発生する騒音等の振動１こ対
応する信号を検出し、該信号波形中υ特定周期υピーク
を検知し、該ピークが一定回数同一周期で表われたとき
、＠器Ｏ負荷を軽減し、上記ピークυ周期註が一定回数
連匿して失なわれたとき負荷Ｏ軽減を停止すること全特
徴とする臓器υ制一方法 ２１　　［ｉｉｉυ運転ｔこ伴って発生する振動１こ対
応する信号を検出し、該信号波形中のピークを検知し、
該ピークが一定回数同一周期で我われたとき機器Ｏ負荷
を軽減し、負荷がほぼ零）こなってもなお皇紀ビークＯ
周期曲が検知されるとき、機器の運転を停止することを
特数とする機器の制御方法 ３）工作機械１こおいて、切削１こ伴って発生する騒音
を検出し、該騒音中υ特定周期Ｏ゛ビークを検出し、該
ピークが一定回数同一周間で表われたとき、切込深さを
減少すると共１こ、そつ減少ｔと位置を記憶し、上記切
込深さＯ城少全、上記ピークυ周期−が一定回数連読し
て失なわれる迄継続し、その後、上記Ｏ記憶された位置
またはそれより若干曲７）位置から記憶された切込深さ
υ減少址全書切削することを特数とする工作機械υ制御
方法[Claims] ■) Detect a signal corresponding to one vibration such as noise generated during equipment operation, detect a υ specific period υ peak in the signal waveform, and detect the peak at the same period a certain number of times. Organ υ control method 21 [iiiυ Detecting a signal corresponding to one vibration generated during driving, detecting a peak in the signal waveform,
When the peak exceeds a certain number of times in the same period, the equipment O load is reduced and the load is almost zero).
A method of controlling equipment that has a special feature of stopping the operation of the equipment when a periodic song is detected. 3) Detecting the noise generated during cutting with a machine tool 1, and identifying υ in the noise. When the period O゛beak is detected and the peak appears a certain number of times in the same lap, the depth of cut is decreased by 1, the position is memorized as t, and the depth of cut is decreased by 1. The above-mentioned peak υ cycle continues until it is lost after a certain number of consecutive readings, and then the memorized depth of cut υ decreases from the memorized position or slightly more than that. A machine tool υ control method whose special feature is to