JPS5941768B2 - Ammonium salt adhering ash treatment method - Google Patents

Ammonium salt adhering ash treatment method

Info

Publication number
JPS5941768B2
JPS5941768B2 JP53102515A JP10251578A JPS5941768B2 JP S5941768 B2 JPS5941768 B2 JP S5941768B2 JP 53102515 A JP53102515 A JP 53102515A JP 10251578 A JP10251578 A JP 10251578A JP S5941768 B2 JPS5941768 B2 JP S5941768B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
ash
ammonia
ammonium salt
treatment method
sulfuric anhydride
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP53102515A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5528760A (en
Inventor
芳夫 小野島
紀久士 常吉
康正 石橋
真 菊地
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority to JP53102515A priority Critical patent/JPS5941768B2/en
Publication of JPS5528760A publication Critical patent/JPS5528760A/en
Publication of JPS5941768B2 publication Critical patent/JPS5941768B2/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は石炭燃焼排ガスなどの排ガス処理装置において
捕集されたアンモニウム塩類付着灰分の処理に関するも
のである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the treatment of ash adhering to ammonium salts collected in an apparatus for treating exhaust gas such as coal combustion exhaust gas.

よく知られている様に石炭火力発電は今后ますます増加
の趨勢にあり、窒素酸化物(以降NOxと略称する。
As is well known, coal-fired power generation is on the rise, and the amount of nitrogen oxides (hereinafter abbreviated as NOx) is increasing.

)および硫黄酸化物(以降SOxと略称する。) and sulfur oxides (hereinafter abbreviated as SOx).

)等の有害ガス及び灰分の全体処理システムの確立と共
に、集塵捕集される莫大な灰分の処分および有効利用法
の開発がのぞまれている。
), etc., and the establishment of a comprehensive treatment system for ash and other harmful gases, as well as the development of methods for disposing and effectively utilizing the vast amount of ash collected.

現在、石炭焚ボイラ排ガスから捕集された灰分は大部分
が投棄又は埋立処分され一部がフライアッシュセメント
原料として利用されているが、排ガスの全体処理システ
ムとして脱硝装置が加わると灰分の処分又は利用に関し
て従来法の適用が困難となって来る。
Currently, most of the ash collected from coal-fired boiler exhaust gas is dumped or disposed of in landfills, and a portion is used as a raw material for fly ash cement. It is becoming difficult to apply conventional methods regarding usage.

即ち、実用段階にある脱硝技術の主流はアンモニアを還
元剤とする触媒法で比較的高温での処理となるので、脱
硝后の熱交換器を通して排ガスの熱回収を行なったのち
集塵処理を行なう方法が一般的に考えられている。
In other words, the mainstream of denitrification technology at the practical stage is a catalytic method that uses ammonia as a reducing agent and processes at relatively high temperatures, so after denitrification, heat is recovered from the exhaust gas through a heat exchanger, and then dust collection is performed. method is generally considered.

この場合、ボイラの負荷変動、脱硝装置の特性、触媒の
種類および処理方法等によって一様ではないが、脱硝装
置出口部において通常2〜20 ppm程度の残留する
アンモニアの存在は避けられず、これが排ガス中の亜硫
酸ガス濃度の1〜2(%)をしめて存在する無水硫酸と
熱交換器内又は集塵機に至る比較的低温部で反応して、
熱交換器のエレメント表面又は灰分表面に析出又は付着
する。
In this case, although it varies depending on boiler load fluctuations, characteristics of the denitrification equipment, type of catalyst, treatment method, etc., the presence of residual ammonia at the outlet of the denitrification equipment is unavoidable and is usually around 2 to 20 ppm. It reacts with sulfuric anhydride, which accounts for 1 to 2 (%) of the sulfur dioxide gas concentration in the exhaust gas, in the heat exchanger or in a relatively low-temperature section leading to the dust collector.
Precipitates or adheres to the surface of the heat exchanger element or ash.

析出又は付着物の態様はアンモニアと無水硫酸のモル比
によって硫安、重硫安或は無水硫酸等となり、各々異な
る。
The form of precipitation or deposits varies depending on the molar ratio of ammonia and sulfuric anhydride, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, or sulfuric anhydride.

集塵機で捕集される上記の塩類が表面に固着した灰分を
従来法によって投棄、埋立処分又はフライアッシュセメ
ント原料として利用しようとする払そのとき介在する水
分、灰分組成の一部である石灰分が、上記固着のアンモ
ニウム塩類と反応してアンモニアガスを分解発生するの
で、臭気による環境問題およびセメント利用面では強度
低下など大きな問題が発生してくることになる。
When the above-mentioned salts collected by a dust collector adhere to the surface of the ash, which is then dumped, disposed of in a landfill, or used as a raw material for fly ash cement using conventional methods, the moisture present and lime, which is part of the ash composition, are removed. Since it reacts with the fixed ammonium salts and decomposes and generates ammonia gas, it causes environmental problems due to odor and serious problems such as a decrease in strength when used in cement.

本発明は灰分表面への固着アンモニウム塩類を連続的か
つ速かに処理するため、湿式法によるアンモニウム塩類
分解操作と熱風による乾燥操作を組合せて、分解アンモ
ニアは脱硝用アンモニアの一部として利用し、処理灰分
は無公害埋立又はセメント原料として利用することを特
徴とする灰分処理方法である。
In order to continuously and quickly treat ammonium salts fixed on the ash surface, the present invention combines ammonium salt decomposition operation using a wet method and drying operation using hot air, and decomposed ammonia is used as a part of ammonia for denitrification. This ash treatment method is characterized by the fact that the treated ash can be used as a non-polluting landfill or as a raw material for cement.

灰分に固着したアンモニウム塩類の分解は、水分が共存
すると下記に代表される反応によって生じる。
Decomposition of ammonium salts fixed on ash occurs through the following reactions when moisture is present.

CaO+H20Ca (OH)2 Ca(OH)2+NH4H3O+→Ca5Oa”2H2
0+NH3丁上記の反応を速かに行なわせるためには、
灰分が速かに均一分散し得る適量の水分と固着したアン
モニウム塩類に対して1.2倍モル程度の石灰の添加が
必要条件となる。
CaO+H20Ca (OH)2 Ca(OH)2+NH4H3O+→Ca5Oa"2H2
0+3 NH In order to carry out the above reaction quickly,
The necessary conditions are an appropriate amount of moisture that allows the ash to be dispersed quickly and uniformly, and the addition of lime in an amount of about 1.2 times the mole of fixed ammonium salts.

後者の1.2倍モルの石灰の添加は水分のPHを10以
上とし分解反応促進に著しい効果を有することは確かめ
られている。
It has been confirmed that the addition of 1.2 times the latter mole of lime has a remarkable effect on increasing the pH of water to 10 or more and promoting the decomposition reaction.

一方、灰分回収のための乾燥操作における、乾燥速度お
よび燃料節減の点から、アンモニア分解反応に使用する
水分は出来るだけ少量とすることが必要条件となる。
On the other hand, in the drying operation for ash recovery, from the viewpoint of drying speed and fuel savings, it is necessary to use as little water as possible in the ammonia decomposition reaction.

上記の必要条件を満足させる適正な水分量の検討のため
、0.38重量(イ)の硫安を固着した灰分と同固着硫
安の1.2倍モルに相当する水酸化カルシュラムの混合
物に対して、添加水分重量比を0.25〜1.0の範囲
で変化して固液の混合性および硫安分解性を実験した。
In order to examine the appropriate moisture content to satisfy the above requirements, we used a mixture of ash to which 0.38 weight (a) of ammonium sulfate was fixed and calcium hydroxide equivalent to 1.2 times the mole of the same fixed ammonium sulfate. The solid-liquid miscibility and ammonium sulfate decomposition properties were tested by changing the weight ratio of added water in the range of 0.25 to 1.0.

同実験において固液の混合性は、試料在中の容器内を撹
拌棒で50〜60回/分程度の低速で1分間攪拌した状
態を観察したものであり、又硫安分解性は該攪拌混合物
を110℃で水分を完全に乾燥后、灰分に付着残存する
硫安を分析し検討したものである。
In the same experiment, the solid-liquid miscibility was measured by stirring the sample inside the container with a stirring rod at a low speed of about 50 to 60 times per minute for 1 minute. After completely drying the water at 110°C, ammonium sulfate remaining on the ash was analyzed and studied.

表1に実験結果を示す。〔備考〕 数字は配合重量部を
示す。
Table 1 shows the experimental results. [Note] Numbers indicate parts by weight.

水分添加程度で固液は速かに混合してペースト状を呈し
、かつ乾燥后の灰分に硫安の残存もなく固液の混合性お
よび硫安分解性において、水分を等量添加したスラリー
状の試料に全く遜色がなく乾燥処理装置のコンパクト化
を含め灰分処理製置部全体の経済性向上に大きな効果を
有することを見出した。
A slurry-like sample with the addition of an equal amount of water, in which the solid-liquid quickly mixes into a paste-like form when water is added, and there is no ammonium sulfate remaining in the ash after drying. It has been found that this method has no inferiority at all and has a great effect on improving the economic efficiency of the entire ash processing equipment, including making the drying equipment more compact.

又、乾燥操作について灰分処理操作時にはとくに操作方
法にこだわりはないが、連続処理時には極微量のアンモ
ニアの灰分吸着による臭気防止のため、灰分の乾燥完了
前に完了前に水分中溶存アンモニアの脱気を完了させて
おくことがのぞましく、したがって水分に対する伝熱と
同時に気相中へアンモニアの拡散を促進させる熱風乾燥
操作と被乾燥ペースト状試料の組合せは、アンモニウム
塩類固着灰分の連続処理時には大きな特徴となる。
Regarding the drying operation, there are no particular restrictions on the operating method when processing ash, but during continuous processing, in order to prevent odor caused by adsorption of extremely small amounts of ammonia in the ash, the ammonia dissolved in the water should be degassed before the drying of the ash is completed. Therefore, the combination of hot air drying operation that promotes the diffusion of ammonia into the gas phase at the same time as the heat transfer to moisture and the paste-like sample to be dried is recommended during the continuous treatment of ammonium salt-fixed ash. This is a major feature.

また、この乾燥操作は、熱風乾燥機による他、部分的に
抜出した煙道ガスを用いてもよい。
In addition to using a hot air dryer, this drying operation may be performed using partially extracted flue gas.

なお、乾燥灰分の回収と異なり単に固着アンモニウム塩
類の分解のみを目的としてペースト状灰分の回収を目的
とする場合のペースト状試料と真空脱気法等の組合せ処
理法は本発明から容易に応用されるものである。
Note that, unlike the recovery of dry ash, a combination treatment method such as a paste sample and vacuum deaeration method can be easily applied from the present invention when the purpose is simply to decompose fixed ammonium salts and to recover paste ash. It is something that

次に本発明の効果を実施例で詳細に説明する。Next, the effects of the present invention will be explained in detail using examples.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

第1図に示すように、煙突Eから排ガスを放出する石炭
焚ボイラ1の節炭器出口から排ガス8000NrrP/
Hを取出して脱硝装置2、熱交換器3および電気集塵を
接続したパイロットプラントの電気集塵機4の灰分排出
部に、ミキサー5およびドライヤー6を組込んで本発明
のアンモニウム塩類固着灰分の処理を行なった。
As shown in Fig. 1, the exhaust gas is 8000 NrrP/
A mixer 5 and a dryer 6 are installed in the ash discharge section of an electrostatic precipitator 4 in a pilot plant in which H is extracted and connected to a denitrification device 2, a heat exchanger 3, and an electrostatic precipitator to carry out the treatment of ammonium salt-fixed ash according to the present invention. I did it.

第1図のAでアンモニアを注入するので該パイロットプ
ラントの脱硝装置2直后の排ガス中には、灰分12.5
g /N m” と無水硫酸8ppmおよびアンモ
ニア20ppmが含まれており、電気集塵機4からは0
.47Kgの硫安を固着した約120Kgの灰分が1時
間に排出されていた。
Since ammonia is injected at A in Figure 1, the exhaust gas immediately after the denitration equipment 2 of the pilot plant contains 12.5 ash.
g/N m”, 8 ppm of anhydrous sulfuric acid and 20 ppm of ammonia, and 0 from electrostatic precipitator 4.
.. Approximately 120 kg of ash with 47 kg of ammonium sulfate fixed thereon was discharged per hour.

よってミキサー5人口部において、固着硫安に対して1
.2モル当量となる0、32Kgの水酸化カルCを排出
灰分重量に対して1時間あたり上記比率となる様に調整
しながら連続的に添加した。
Therefore, in the 5 parts of the mixer, 1 for fixed ammonium sulfate.
.. 0.32 kg of Calcium hydroxide, which is 2 molar equivalents, was continuously added while adjusting the above ratio per hour to the weight of discharged ash.

この場合のミキサー5は、ペースト形成が速かなため混
合容器内にスクリューコンベヤーを有する連続式混合装
置を使用し、乾燥機6は限界含水率の低下に特徴のある
連続式熱風受熱溝型攪拌器を使用した。
In this case, the mixer 5 uses a continuous mixing device with a screw conveyor inside the mixing container because paste formation is fast, and the dryer 6 uses a continuous hot air receiving groove type stirrer that is characterized by a lower limit water content. It was used.

乾燥条件は乾燥機6出口における灰分温度が150°C
になる様に設定したので、熱風発生炉8における燃料(
A重油)は、水分蒸発用潜熱、灰分その他の顕熱および
熱ロス等を見込んだ計算値とはソ一致する5に9/Hを
要した。
The drying conditions are that the ash temperature at the dryer 6 outlet is 150°C.
Since the setting is made so that the fuel (
A heavy oil) required 5 to 9/H, which is in agreement with the calculated value that takes into account latent heat for moisture evaporation, ash and other sensible heat, and heat loss.

該処理に関する運転性は、操作および使用装置に特殊な
ものはなくアンモニウム塩類固着灰分の処理に関して合
理的かつ特徴のある方法を採用しているのできわめて順
調であり、かつ性能的には、乾燥機5出ロガス166
N m3/H中に850ppmのアンモニアの含有即ち
計算値(945ppm)の906)に相当するアンモニ
アの回収と、又灰分側りでは分析の結果から1時間あた
りの処理回収灰分120Kgに対して2水石膏0.6K
gと残留消石灰0.05に9の混在がみとめられた。
The operability of this treatment is extremely smooth, as there is no special operation or equipment involved, and a rational and unique method is adopted for treating ash bound to ammonium salts.In terms of performance, the dryer 5 output log gas 166
Containing 850 ppm of ammonia in N m3/H, that is, recovering ammonia equivalent to the calculated value (945 ppm) of 906), and on the ash side, analysis results showed that 2 liters of water per 120 kg of ash treated and recovered per hour. plaster 0.6K
g and residual slaked lime of 0.05 to 9 was observed.

上記の含アンモニアガスはそのま\脱硝装置2の前部に
戻してアンモニア分は還元剤の一部に使用した。
The above ammonia-containing gas was directly returned to the front part of the denitrification device 2, and the ammonia content was used as a part of the reducing agent.

一方、灰分は乾燥機側で70重量(イ)バグフィルタ−
7側で30重量(イ)が回収され、いづれにも残存アン
モニウム塩はみとめられず、かつ上記程度の混在2水石
膏および残留消石灰は投棄、埋立およびフライアッシュ
セメント原料としての利用上で何らの問題はなく、とく
にバグフィルタ7で回収された比較的微粒灰分は良質の
フライアッシュ原料となることが期待出来る。
On the other hand, the ash content is 70% by weight on the dryer side (a) Bag filter
30 weight (A) was recovered on the 7th side, and no residual ammonium salt was found in any of them, and the mixed dihydrate gypsum and residual slaked lime of the above level have no effect on dumping, landfilling, or use as a raw material for fly ash cement. There are no problems, and in particular, the relatively fine ash recovered by the bag filter 7 can be expected to become a high-quality fly ash raw material.

以上本発明の方法と効果を実施例によって説明したが、
本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば、脱硝
装置の前段又は後段の比較的高温部で灰分の一部を分離
して、熱交換器後部で捕集処理する灰分の固着アンモニ
ウム塩類濃度を高かめる前段処理と本発明の組合せなど
は、本発明の効果および特徴を一層向上させるものであ
る。
The method and effects of the present invention have been explained above using examples.
The present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a portion of the ash is separated in a relatively high temperature section at the front or rear stage of the denitrification equipment, and the fixed ammonium salt concentration in the ash is collected at the rear part of the heat exchanger. The combination of the present invention with a pre-processing that increases the efficiencies of the present invention further improves the effects and features of the present invention.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明の一実施例の流れ図である。 1・・・ボイラ、2・・・脱硝装置、310.熱交換器
(エアーヒーター)、4.・・電気集塵機、510.ミ
キサー、6・・・ドライヤー、7.・・バグフィルタ−
18,・・熱風発生炉、A06.アンモニア、Boo、
消石灰、C0・・工水、D、・・処理済灰分、E90.
煙突。
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of the present invention. 1... Boiler, 2... Denitrification device, 310. Heat exchanger (air heater), 4. ...Electric dust collector, 510. Mixer, 6...Dryer, 7.・Bug filter
18,...Hot air generating furnace, A06. Ammonia, Boo,
Slaked lime, C0... Industrial water, D... Treated ash, E90.
chimney.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 アンモニアを還元剤とする脱硝装置および集塵機を
有する排ガス処理装置において、アンモニアと無水硫酸
の反応で生成したアンモニウム塩又は無水硫酸を表面に
付着した集塵機捕集灰に、該アンモニウム塩及び無水硫
酸の当モル以上の石灰を加えて混合し、アンモニウム塩
の硫酸分又は無水硫酸を石膏に置換したのち乾燥し、該
操作におけるアンモニアを含有するガスは脱硝装置また
は集塵機前に戻す一方、石膏を含有する灰分は回収する
ことを特徴とする灰処理方法。
1. In an exhaust gas treatment device that has a denitrification device and a dust collector that use ammonia as a reducing agent, the ammonium salt and sulfuric anhydride produced by the reaction of ammonia and sulfuric anhydride are added to the ash collected by the dust collector, which has adhered to the surface of the ammonium salt and sulfuric anhydride. Add and mix the same mole or more of lime, replace the sulfuric acid content of the ammonium salt or sulfuric anhydride with gypsum, and then dry. The ammonia-containing gas from this operation is returned to the denitrification equipment or dust collector, while the gypsum-containing gas is An ash processing method characterized by recovering ash.
JP53102515A 1978-08-23 1978-08-23 Ammonium salt adhering ash treatment method Expired JPS5941768B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP53102515A JPS5941768B2 (en) 1978-08-23 1978-08-23 Ammonium salt adhering ash treatment method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP53102515A JPS5941768B2 (en) 1978-08-23 1978-08-23 Ammonium salt adhering ash treatment method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5528760A JPS5528760A (en) 1980-02-29
JPS5941768B2 true JPS5941768B2 (en) 1984-10-09

Family

ID=14329490

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP53102515A Expired JPS5941768B2 (en) 1978-08-23 1978-08-23 Ammonium salt adhering ash treatment method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5941768B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5858182A (en) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-06 Babcock Hitachi Kk Treatment of fly ash
US6033637A (en) 1996-12-25 2000-03-07 Kashima-Kita, Electric Power Corporation Method for treating combustion ashes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5528760A (en) 1980-02-29

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