JPS5929792B2 - solar heat collector - Google Patents
solar heat collectorInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5929792B2 JPS5929792B2 JP54161106A JP16110679A JPS5929792B2 JP S5929792 B2 JPS5929792 B2 JP S5929792B2 JP 54161106 A JP54161106 A JP 54161106A JP 16110679 A JP16110679 A JP 16110679A JP S5929792 B2 JPS5929792 B2 JP S5929792B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- insulating material
- collecting plate
- thermal
- medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/04—Arrangements using dry fillers, e.g. using slag wool which is added to the object to be insulated by pouring, spreading, spraying or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/60—Thermal insulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はきわめて集熱効果の大きい、太陽熱集熱器を提
供するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a solar heat collector that has an extremely high heat collecting effect.
近年工業の著しい発展および生活の高度化から消費する
エネルギー量が急増し、従来無限と考えられていた地球
上エネルギー源の有限性に対する認識が急速に高まって
きた。BACKGROUND ART In recent years, the amount of energy consumed has rapidly increased due to the remarkable development of industry and the sophistication of life, and there has been a rapid increase in awareness of the finite nature of energy sources on earth, which were previously thought to be infinite.
その結果、無公害、無尽蔵のエネルギー源として太陽エ
ネルギーとして利用すること４んになってきた。As a result, solar energy has come to be used as a non-polluting, inexhaustible energy source.
通常黒色の板上に太陽光を吸収させて太陽エネルギーを
熱エネルギーに変換し、その熱を水などの熱媒体に移し
給湯暖房に供している。The solar energy is converted into thermal energy by absorbing sunlight on a usually black plate, and the heat is transferred to a heat medium such as water for hot water supply and heating.
これら集熱の効率を高めるためには、上記黒色被膜の光
に対する反射率を低め、吸収係数を犬ぎくすることが技
術の重要なポイントである。In order to increase the efficiency of heat collection, the important technical points are to lower the reflectance of the black film to light and to sharpen the absorption coefficient.
一方これらの集熱板は外界に対して大きな比表面積を有
し、周囲に対して−プ放熱器を構成するともみられる。On the other hand, these heat collecting plates have a large specific surface area with respect to the outside world, and are also considered to constitute a heat radiator with respect to the surroundings.
したがデ集熱した熱の外界への熱放散を小さくすること
は、さぎの吸収の効率を高める技術にもまして、この分
野の技術において重要である。However, reducing the dissipation of the collected heat to the outside world is even more important in this field of technology than the technology that increases the efficiency of the heat absorption.
集熱板よりの熱放散はいくつかの形態に分けられるが、
その１つは集熱板表面よりの放射にもとすくものである
。Heat dissipation from heat collecting plates can be divided into several forms, but
One of them is to reduce radiation from the surface of the heat collecting plate.
太陽光は波長４００ｍμから２μの間に９０係以上のエ
ネルギーが分布している。In sunlight, energy of 90 or more is distributed between wavelengths of 400 mμ and 2μ.
集熱板はこのエネルギーを吸収し、温度が上昇しはじめ
ると、そ１度によって定まるスペクトル分布で自ら赤外
線を放射する。The heat collecting plate absorbs this energy, and when the temperature begins to rise, it emits infrared rays with a spectral distribution determined by the temperature.
通常給湯暖房に用いられる１００℃前後の場合、上記放
射赤外線は５μ以上の波長域に拡がる。When the temperature is around 100° C., which is normally used for hot water supply and heating, the radiation infrared rays spread to a wavelength range of 5 μm or more.
これら熱放射を防止する一つの方法として、太陽光に対
して吸収が大きく、３μ以上の波長の光に対して放射能
が小さい選択吸収皮膜を集熱板表面に付着せしめること
が知られている。It is known that one method to prevent these heat radiations is to attach a selective absorption film to the surface of the heat collector plate, which has a high absorption of sunlight and a low radioactivity of light with a wavelength of 3 μ or more. .
集熱板からの熱放散の他の１つの形態は、集熱板表面に
存在する空気の対流によるものである。Another form of heat dissipation from the heat collector plate is through air convection present on the heat collector plate surface.
これを防止するため集熱板上に空気層をはさんで、ガラ
スやプラスチック等の透明カバーを設け、集熱板上の空
気と外界空気の間の気流をしゃ断し、空気層を熱絶縁層
として利用しようとするものが現在知られている。To prevent this, an air layer is placed on the heat collector plate, and a transparent cover made of glass or plastic is installed to cut off the air flow between the air on the heat collector plate and the outside air, and the air layer is used as a thermal insulation layer. There are currently known methods that can be used as such.
集熱板からの熱放散のさらに残されたものは、集熱板を
前記透明カバーと一体となって収容する容器壁に対する
主として熱伝導にもとづくものである。The remainder of the heat dissipation from the heat collecting plate is primarily due to heat conduction to the container wall that houses the heat collecting plate integrally with the transparent cover.
発明者らの子細な研究によれば、放射損、対流損を防止
する技術が向上するにつれ、従来余り重要視されていな
かった前記熱伝導にもとづく損失が非常に大きな割合を
占めることが判明した。According to detailed research by the inventors, it has been found that as the technology for preventing radiation loss and convection loss improves, the loss due to heat conduction, which has not been given much importance in the past, now accounts for a very large proportion. .
本発明はよ記問題点を解消する。The present invention solves the above problems.
本発明は上記新規技術見解のもとに従来技術の問題点を
解消するものである。The present invention solves the problems of the prior art based on the above new technical idea.
以下、本発明の詳細について実施例とともに説明する。Hereinafter, details of the present invention will be explained together with examples.
第１図は本発明にもとづく太陽熱集熱器の全体構造をし
めす。FIG. 1 shows the overall structure of a solar collector according to the present invention.
第１図において、１は賢面嶋天択吸収段を有する鉄板で
あり、３は生地の鉄板である。In FIG. 1, numeral 1 is an iron plate having a Kenmen Shima Tensei absorption step, and numeral 3 is a cloth iron plate.
鉄板１と鉄板３は部分的に接着されて、一面に温水を流
す水路２を有しており、集熱板４を形成している。The iron plate 1 and the iron plate 3 are partially bonded together and have a water channel 2 on one side through which hot water flows, forming a heat collecting plate 4.
Ｉは底板８を有し、上部は開いた箱形容器である。I is a box-shaped container with a bottom plate 8 and an open top.
箱形容器７の上部にはガラス１２が取付けられ、ガラス
１２は押え金具５、ネジ６によって箱形容器Ｉと一体化
されている。A glass 12 is attached to the top of the box-shaped container 7, and the glass 12 is integrated with the box-shaped container I by a presser fitting 5 and screws 6.
１３は対流損をさらに防止するための透明プラスチック
フィルムであり、箱形容器７の側板に増付けられている
。A transparent plastic film 13 is added to the side plate of the box-shaped container 7 to further prevent convection loss.
９，１０．１１は集熱板４と底板８の間に設けられた熱
絶縁構造であり本発明の最大のポイントである。9, 10, and 11 are thermal insulation structures provided between the heat collecting plate 4 and the bottom plate 8, and are the most important point of the present invention.
既にのべたように高性能の尖陽熱収熱器においては、集
熱板４から底板８に熱伝導によって放散する熱の割合が
きわめて大きい。As already mentioned, in a high-performance solar heat sink, the proportion of heat dissipated from the heat collecting plate 4 to the bottom plate 8 by thermal conduction is extremely large.
熱伝導は、材料の熱伝導率と厚みによってきまり、熱伝
導損失を小さくするためには熱絶縁構造の厚みを大きく
すればよい。Heat conduction is determined by the thermal conductivity and thickness of the material, and in order to reduce heat conduction loss, the thickness of the thermal insulation structure can be increased.
通常の集熱器においては、熱絶縁材料としてガラスウー
ルが用いられ、その厚みは約３０ＴｒｒｊｒＬである。In a typical heat collector, glass wool is used as a thermal insulation material, and its thickness is about 30 TrrjrL.
熱伝導損ンレ抵にするためには、この厚みを５倍にすれ
ば良いが、その厚みは１５０Ｍになり、箱形容器１を大
きくせねばならず、重量増加だけでなくコストも高くな
る。In order to reduce the heat conduction loss, this thickness can be increased five times, but the thickness becomes 150M, which requires the box-shaped container 1 to be larger, which not only increases the weight but also increases the cost.
熱伝導損失を小さくする他の方法は、熱絶縁材料の材質
を変えることである。Another way to reduce heat conduction losses is to change the quality of the thermal insulation material.
たとえば発泡ウレタンであればガラスクールの３０係発
下の厚みでよい。For example, if it is foamed urethane, the thickness may be 30 mm or less than that of Glass Cool.
しかしここで重要なことは高性能太陽集熱器の集熱板温
度は高く、ことに不測の事故ではあるが空焼時は２００
℃に達する。However, the important thing here is that the temperature of the heat collecting plate of a high-performance solar collector is high, and although it is an unexpected accident, the temperature of the heat collecting plate during dry firing is 200
reach ℃.
この温度は発泡ウレタンの耐熱温度をはるかに上回るも
のである。This temperature is far higher than the heat resistance temperature of urethane foam.
さらに発明者らの研究によれば、上記高渦部は、集熱板
４の裏面全体に生じるのではなくスポット的に生じるこ
とが多いものである。Furthermore, according to the research conducted by the inventors, the high vortex portions often occur in spots rather than on the entire back surface of the heat collecting plate 4.
再たび第１図において９は耐熱温度が高いガラスクール
の熱絶縁材料で厚みは１５ｍである。Again in FIG. 1, reference numeral 9 is a glass cool heat insulating material with a high heat resistance temperature and a thickness of 15 m.
１０は上記スポット的昇混を防ぎ、また熱伝導性伝導性
伝熱に含まれる放射性伝熱分をしゃ断するための金属ア
ルミニウムフィルムである。Reference numeral 10 denotes a metal aluminum film for preventing the above-mentioned spot elevation and mixing, and for cutting off the radioactive heat transfer included in the thermally conductive heat transfer.
１１は厚み４ｏｘの発泡ウレタンである。11 is urethane foam with a thickness of 4 ox.
このような三層構造によって従来１５０ｒｒｕｎの厚み
が必要であったものを！５！５ｍと約只に薄くして、し
かも空焼にも充分耐えられるきわめてずぐれた熱絶縁構
造を実現したものである。With this three-layer structure, a thickness of 150 rrun was required in the past! It was made as thin as 5.5m, and had an extremely superior thermal insulation structure that could withstand dry firing.
なお上記金属アルミニウムフィルム１０は、発泡ウレタ
ン１１の僅かの劣化を許せば省略できる。Note that the metal aluminum film 10 can be omitted if slight deterioration of the urethane foam 11 is allowed.
以上述べたように本発明は耐熱性のある材料と断熱性の
高い材料を組合せて、すぐれた特性を実現したものであ
るが各層の厚みは第２図によって決められる。As described above, the present invention achieves excellent properties by combining heat-resistant materials and highly heat-insulating materials, and the thickness of each layer is determined according to FIG. 2.
第２図においてＴ１は集熱板１に接するガラスウール９
の温度であり、空焼時は２００℃近くに達する。In FIG. 2, T1 is the glass wool 9 in contact with the heat collecting plate 1.
The temperature reaches nearly 200°C during dry firing.
設計温度として例えば２００℃が選ばれる。For example, 200° C. is selected as the design temperature.
Ｔ３は容器７の底板８に接する発泡ウレタン１１の温度
であり外気温度に近く、夏季を考えて設言惜度として３
０℃が選ばれる。T3 is the temperature of the foamed urethane 11 in contact with the bottom plate 8 of the container 7, which is close to the outside temperature, and considering the summer season, it is set to 3.
0°C is chosen.
直線２０はガラスウール９内の温度分布をしめし、直線
２１は発泡ウレタン１１内の温度分布をしめしている。A straight line 20 shows the temperature distribution inside the glass wool 9, and a straight line 21 shows the temperature distribution inside the urethane foam 11.
直ｉ２０．２１の傾斜はガラスウール９、発泡ウレタン
１１の熱伝導率の逆数に比例している。The slope of the straight line i20.21 is proportional to the reciprocal of the thermal conductivity of the glass wool 9 and the foamed urethane 11.
温度Ｔ２は、発泡ウレタン１１内の最高温度をしめして
いる。Temperature T2 indicates the maximum temperature within the urethane foam 11.
第２図の直線２２．２３から明らかなように温度Ｔ２は
ガラスウール９の厚さによってＴ２′のごとく任意に定
められ、温度Ｔ２は発泡ウレタン１１の耐熱最高温度以
下になるよう設計しなければならなへ
以上のように本発明は、性能の異なる断熱材を２層構造
にすることによって耐熱性の小さい、断熱効果の大きい
断熱材の使用を可能にし、断熱層全体の厚さを薄くして
も所望の断熱効果を有し、装置を小形化するものである
。As is clear from straight lines 22 and 23 in FIG. 2, the temperature T2 is arbitrarily determined as T2' depending on the thickness of the glass wool 9, and the temperature T2 must be designed to be below the maximum heat-resistant temperature of the urethane foam 11. As described above, the present invention makes it possible to use a heat insulating material with a low heat resistance and a high heat insulating effect by forming a two-layer structure of heat insulating materials with different performances, thereby reducing the overall thickness of the heat insulating layer. However, it has the desired heat insulating effect and allows the device to be made smaller.
第１図は本発明の一実施例の太陽集熱器の一部破断斜視
図、第２図は熱絶縁材の厚さと設計温度との関係を示す
図である。
１．３・・・・・・鉄板、２・・・・・・温水路、４・
・・・・・集熱板、５・・・・・・押え金具、６・・・
・・・ネジ、７・・・・・・容器、８・・・・・・底板
、９，１１・・・・・・熱絶縁材料、１０・・・・・・
金属アルミニウム、１２・・・・・・ガラス、１３・・
・・・・透明プラスチックフィルム。FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a solar collector according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the thickness of a heat insulating material and the design temperature. 1.3... Iron plate, 2... Hot water channel, 4.
... Heat collection plate, 5 ... Holding metal fitting, 6 ...
... Screw, 7 ... Container, 8 ... Bottom plate, 9, 11 ... Heat insulation material, 10 ...
Metal aluminum, 12...Glass, 13...
...Transparent plastic film.
Claims (1)
板を空間を隔てて覆う透明カバーと、該透明カバーと一
体となって内部に該集熱板を収容する容器と、該集熱板
と容器の間に熱絶縁材を有する太陽集熱器において、該
熱絶縁材を、耐熱性の高い中位の熱絶縁材と、前記より
熱絶縁性の高い高位の熱絶縁材の２層をもって構成し、
該中位の熱絶縁材を該集熱板に接せしめ、該高位の熱絶
縁材を該容器に接せしめるようにした太陽熱集熱器。 ２、特許請求の範囲１の記載において、該中位の熱絶縁
材と該高位の熱絶縁材の間に、均温をはかるだめに熱伝
導性の高い金属層を設けた太陽熱集熱器。 ３ 特許請求の範囲第１項または第２項の記載において
、該中位の熱絶縁材の厚みと、該高位の熱絶縁材の厚み
の比を下記の式によって定めた太陽熱集熱器。 こ＼にＬｌは該中位の熱絶縁材の厚さ、Ｌ２は該高位の
熱絶縁材の厚さ、λ１は該中位Ω熱絶縁材の熱伝導率、
λ２は該高位の熱絶縁材の熱伝導率温度Ｔ１は設計集熱
板温度、Ｔ３は設計外気温度、Ｔ２は該高位絶縁材の最
高耐熱温度である。 ４ 特許請求の範囲第１項から第３項の記載の何れかに
おいて該中位の熱絶縁材はガラスウール、該高位の熱絶
縁材は発泡ウレタンであることを特徴とする太陽熱集熱
器。[Scope of Claims] 1. A heat collecting plate that receives sunlight and exchanges it with heat, a transparent cover that covers the heat collecting plate with a space between the heat collecting plate and the heat collecting plate integrated with the transparent cover. and a thermal insulating material between the heat collecting plate and the container, the thermal insulating material is replaced by a medium thermal insulating material with high heat resistance and a medium thermal insulating material with higher thermal insulation Consisting of two layers of high-grade thermal insulation,
A solar heat collector, wherein the medium heat insulating material is in contact with the heat collecting plate, and the high heat insulating material is in contact with the container. 2. The solar heat collector according to claim 1, wherein a metal layer with high thermal conductivity is provided between the medium heat insulating material and the high heat insulating material to ensure temperature uniformity. 3. The solar heat collector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the medium heat insulating material to the thickness of the high heat insulating material is determined by the following formula. where Ll is the thickness of the medium thermal insulation, L2 is the thickness of the high thermal insulation, λ1 is the thermal conductivity of the medium Ω thermal insulation,
λ2 is the thermal conductivity temperature of the high-level thermal insulating material, T1 is the designed heat collecting plate temperature, T3 is the designed outside air temperature, and T2 is the maximum heat-resistant temperature of the high-level thermal insulating material. 4. A solar heat collector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the medium heat insulating material is glass wool, and the high heat insulating material is urethane foam.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54161106A JPS5929792B2 (en) | 1979-12-11 | 1979-12-11 | solar heat collector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54161106A JPS5929792B2 (en) | 1979-12-11 | 1979-12-11 | solar heat collector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5682348A JPS5682348A (en) | 1981-07-06 |
| JPS5929792B2 true JPS5929792B2 (en) | 1984-07-23 |
Family
ID=15728711
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54161106A Expired JPS5929792B2 (en) | 1979-12-11 | 1979-12-11 | solar heat collector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5929792B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104180539A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-12-03 | 安徽顺达新能源科技开发有限公司 | Flat-plate solar collector |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007144863A1 (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2007-12-21 | Kingspan Research And Developments Limited | A composite insulating panel |
| CN102155807A (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2011-08-17 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Solar heat-collecting tube |
| CN106705459A (en) * | 2016-12-17 | 2017-05-24 | 滨州市甲力太阳能科技有限公司 | Plug-in type solar energy heat-collection plate |
| CN106766280A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 滨州市甲力太阳能科技有限公司 | Two-way Cycle pipeline multi pack water tank |
-
1979
- 1979-12-11 JP JP54161106A patent/JPS5929792B2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104180539A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-12-03 | 安徽顺达新能源科技开发有限公司 | Flat-plate solar collector |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5682348A (en) | 1981-07-06 |
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