JPS5923815B2 - sprayer - Google Patents

sprayer

Info

Publication number
JPS5923815B2
JPS5923815B2 JP56180257A JP18025781A JPS5923815B2 JP S5923815 B2 JPS5923815 B2 JP S5923815B2 JP 56180257 A JP56180257 A JP 56180257A JP 18025781 A JP18025781 A JP 18025781A JP S5923815 B2 JPS5923815 B2 JP S5923815B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
chamber
air
liquid
shroud
atomized
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP56180257A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS57177769A (en
Inventor
ロバ−ト・エス・バビントン
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of JPS57177769A publication Critical patent/JPS57177769A/en
Publication of JPS5923815B2 publication Critical patent/JPS5923815B2/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/166Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the material to be sprayed being heated in a container
    • B05B7/1666Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the material to be sprayed being heated in a container fixed to the discharge device
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/06Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes of the injector type
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00Inhalators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0012Apparatus for achieving spraying before discharge from the apparatus

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は噴霧装置に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a spray device.

多くの呼吸病の治療では、患者を、直接的に肺の中に吸
入される噴霧注入水又は医薬を用いて治療するのが望ま
しい。
In the treatment of many respiratory diseases, it is desirable to treat patients with nebulized water or medications that are inhaled directly into the lungs.

或る場合には、求められる利点は患者又は少くとも患者
の胴、頭及び肩を密封ハウジング中で覆い、該ハウジン
グ中へ医薬を噴霧形で必要な呼吸空気と一緒に導入する
ことによつて得られる。かゝる装置の特別の例はグルー
プゼット、酸素ゼット、恒温器等である。他の場合には
、医薬を、外科的切開部を経て患者を噴霧9 器に連結
することによつて人間又は動物の呼吸管中へ直接に導入
することが重要である。かゝる事態の例は、気管切開術
が必要な広範な咽喉外科からの回復患者の治療である。
他の場合には、しばしば家庭でルーム蒸発器その他で達
成されるよう5 に、患者を、単に患者を取囲む大気を
湿らせることによつて治療すれば十分である。使用され
る方法及び名前とは無関係に、好結果が得られる医薬噴
霧器、気化器又は霧化器は、(a)調合液(水又は一定
の型の医薬であつてもよo い)を、医薬の十分な適用
を行なうため担持液中へ導入しうること、(b)医薬を
、大部分て吸入性の高い小さい粒子よりなるエーロゾル
の形に蒸発又は噴霧しうること、・5(c)操作が簡単
であ沙、清掃及び滅菌が容易でかうコスト及び維持費が
低廉であることが必要である。
In some cases, the benefits sought may be obtained by covering the patient, or at least the patient's torso, head and shoulders, in a sealed housing into which the medicament is introduced in atomized form together with the necessary breathing air. can get. Particular examples of such devices are group jets, oxygen jets, incubators, etc. In other cases, it is important to introduce the medicament directly into the respiratory tract of a human or animal by connecting the patient to a nebulizer via a surgical incision. An example of such a situation is the treatment of a patient recovering from extensive throat surgery requiring a tracheostomy.
In other cases, it is sufficient to treat the patient simply by humidifying the atmosphere surrounding the patient, as is often accomplished at home with a room evaporator or the like. Irrespective of the method used and the name, successful pharmaceutical sprayers, vaporizers or atomizers include (a) a liquid preparation (which may be water or a certain type of medicament); (b) the medicament can be evaporated or atomized in the form of an aerosol consisting mostly of small, highly respirable particles; 5(c) It needs to be easy to operate, easy to clean and sterilize, and have low cost and maintenance costs.

これらの必要性の結果として考えられることは、理想的
噴霧器は最高の精密を満足しなければなら■o ないが
、実際には家庭用噴霧器は病院で使用される装置のよう
に精密である必要はない。
A possible consequence of these needs is that the ideal nebulizer must satisfy the highest precision, whereas in practice home nebulizers need to be as precise as equipment used in hospitals. There isn't.

同様に、クループテントヘの噴霧器源は、手術後の治療
のため呼吸管への直接適用によつて使用される装置より
も大量のエーロゾルを供給する。また明らかノ5 に、
家庭用蒸発器のコストは、精功な病院用装置のコストと
は根本的に異なる。それというのも病院用装置は前記の
すべての要件を究極にまで満足しなければならないから
である。か\る使用及び要求の広範な変動にかんがみ、
市場にはドラグストアで20ドル以下の値段で得ること
のできるいわゆるスチーム気化器から病院又は医薬セン
ターを介して個人に売られる500ドル以上の値段の精
功でかつ複雑な超音波噴霧器までに及ぶ多くの種類の医
療用噴霧器又は霧化器が存在する。
Similarly, a nebulizer source to a croup tent provides a larger volume of aerosol than devices used by direct application to the respiratory tract for post-surgical treatment. Also, clearly No. 5,
The cost of a home evaporator is fundamentally different from the cost of sophisticated hospital equipment. This is because hospital equipment must fulfill all of the above-mentioned requirements to the utmost. In view of the wide variation in uses and requirements,
The market ranges from so-called steam vaporizers, which can be obtained at drug stores for less than $20, to sophisticated and complex ultrasonic nebulizers that cost more than $500 and are sold to individuals through hospitals or medical centers. There are many types of medical nebulizers or atomizers.

今まで、適正な値段で販売されかつまた簡単な家庭での
使用から慎重に調節される病院的技術までの広範な使用
を満足させる単一の噴霧器を入手することはできない。
最近、極めて細かい液体のスプレーを得るための新規技
術が開発された。
Until now, there is no single nebulizer available that can be sold at a reasonable price and also satisfy a wide range of uses, from simple home use to carefully regulated hospital techniques.
Recently, new techniques have been developed to obtain extremely fine liquid sprays.

この技術は適当な面上に液の流動膜を得、該液膜を比較
的低圧の空気の流れが横断し、これによつて液膜の一部
が噴化され、面からスプレー形で搬出される。基本的概
念は米国特許第3421699号及び第3421692
号明細書に記載されている。この技術の予備研究によつ
て、液体を直接に人体の呼吸管中に吸入させることがで
きるような微細度及び濃密な形で噴霧できる噴霧器をつ
くり得ることが判明した。
This technique involves obtaining a flowing film of liquid on a suitable surface, which is traversed by a stream of relatively low-pressure air, which atomizes a portion of the liquid film and transports it away from the surface in the form of a spray. be done. The basic concept is U.S. Pat. No. 3,421,699 and 3,421,692.
It is stated in the specification of the No. Preliminary studies of this technology have shown that it is possible to create a nebulizer that can atomize liquids in such a fine and concentrated form that they can be inhaled directly into the human body's respiratory tract.

更に、これらの研究によリかかる噴霧器は可能であるた
けでなく、極めて望ましいことが判明した。その理由は
操作が簡単で、比較的低廉でありかつ容易に維持するこ
とができ、なかんずく基礎装置の種々の技術及び実施例
を適用することによつて、か\る装置を簡弔なグループ
ゼットから噴霧液の呼吸器中への直接導入までの任意型
の吸入療法の要件を満足するようにつくることができる
からである。本発明は、所望の結果を得るための噴霧装
置及び技術に関する。
Furthermore, these studies have shown that such a sprayer is not only possible, but highly desirable. The reason for this is that it is simple to operate, relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain, and above all by applying various techniques and embodiments of the basic equipment, such equipment can be made into a simple group set. This is because they can be made to meet the requirements of any type of inhalation therapy, from direct introduction of nebulized liquids into the respiratory tract. The present invention relates to spray devices and techniques for achieving desired results.

それ故本発明の目的は、一般に医学的に使用することが
でき、使用が簡単で低廉である簡単な噴霧器を得ること
である。
It is therefore an object of the present invention to obtain a simple nebulizer that can be used medically in general and is simple and inexpensive to use.

本発明のもう1つの目的は、医薬を患者の呼吸器系中に
直接に導入し得るために最微細度に霧化し得る噴霧器を
得ることである。
Another object of the invention is to obtain a nebulizer capable of atomizing to the finest degree of fineness in order to be able to introduce the medicament directly into the patient's respiratory system.

本発明のもう1つの目的は、操作及び使用が素人向きで
ある噴霧器を得ることである。
Another object of the invention is to obtain a sprayer that is amateur friendly to operate and use.

本発明のもう1つの目的は、容易で簡単に清掃すること
のできる噴霧器を得ることである。
Another object of the invention is to obtain a sprayer that is easy and simple to clean.

本発明のもう1つの目的は、十分に確実でありかつまた
複雑な費用のか\る電子的又は機械的部分を有しない噴
霧器を得ることである。更に本発明の目的は、患者が家
庭で適当な呼吸療法が行なえる費用を要しない噴霧器を
得ることである。
Another object of the invention is to obtain a sprayer that is sufficiently reliable and also does not have complex and expensive electronic or mechanical parts. A further object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive nebulizer that allows patients to perform appropriate respiratory therapy at home.

本発明のこれらの目的及び多くの他の目的(詳述されて
いないが当業者には明らかである)は、米国特許第34
21692号及び第3421699号明細書に記或の液
体の噴霧原理を利用して、基体容器:少なくとも1つの
開口を有する球状充気室;充気室と結合する圧縮空気装
置;球状充気室を覆つて水又は液状医薬を付着させる供
給装置(この装置は基体容器の底部から液体を吸上げる
エアリフトポンプを包含しうる);ポンプの排出液を収
容する貯蔵器(この貯蔵器は充気室表面に医薬を付着さ
せるのに充気室に隣接した出口を有する)よりなる噴霧
器の形で達成される。
These and many other objects (not detailed but apparent to those skilled in the art) of the present invention are described in U.S. Pat.
21692 and 3421699, a base container: a spherical plenum chamber having at least one opening; a compressed air device coupled with the plenum chamber; a spherical plenum chamber; A delivery device to cover and deposit water or liquid medicament (this device may include an air lift pump that draws liquid from the bottom of the substrate container); a reservoir to contain the pump output (this reservoir is located on the surface of the plenum chamber); This is achieved in the form of a nebulizer consisting of an outlet (with an outlet adjacent to a plenum chamber) for depositing the medicament on the medicament.

室の底部に加熱装置を設けることもでき、医薬を基体容
器に自動的に補充するための装置が備えられていてもよ
い。付加的に、噴霧器はさらに噴霧医薬又は液体の粒度
を小さくするために噴霧衝撃装置を有していてもよく、
変動する条件及び要件を満足させるために噴霧器の容量
及び媒体の密度を増大させるために、充気室と衝撃装置
との組合せを備えていてもよい。次に添付図面につき本
発明を説明する。
A heating device may also be provided at the bottom of the chamber and a device may be provided for automatically replenishing the base container with medicament. Additionally, the nebulizer may further include a spray impingement device to reduce the particle size of the atomized medicament or liquid;
A combination of plenum chamber and percussion device may be provided to increase the capacity of the atomizer and the density of the medium to meet changing conditions and requirements. The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

第1図には、噴霧器のエーロゾル生成能力を増大するよ
うに設計された実施例が示されている。
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment designed to increase the aerosol generation capacity of the nebulizer.

第1図には噴霧部のみが示されており、空気及び液体又
は水又はこの両方の組合せ物は前述の任意の手段によつ
て装置中に導入しうることは明らかである。噴霧部は閉
鎖端151及び開口152を有する中空室150を有す
る。一般にこの中空室150はその中心を通る水平軸A
−Aに沿つて延びている。中空室150内で軸A−Aと
同心に細長い円筒状シユラウド153が配置されていて
、その後端154は室の閉鎖端151から間隔を有し、
前端155は開「]152から十分な間隔を有する。
Although only the atomizing section is shown in FIG. 1, it is clear that air and liquid or water or a combination of both may be introduced into the device by any of the means described above. The spray section has a hollow chamber 150 with a closed end 151 and an opening 152. Generally, this hollow chamber 150 has a horizontal axis A passing through its center.
- Extending along A. An elongated cylindrical shroud 153 is disposed within the hollow chamber 150 concentrically with axis A-A, the rear end 154 being spaced apart from the closed end 151 of the chamber;
The front end 155 is sufficiently spaced from the opening 152.

また中空室150及び円筒状シユラウド153の内部で
軸A−A上には直径の両端で相対しかつ軸A−Aに相応
する直径と一線をなす開口157,157′を有する充
気室156が配置されている。開口157′は前記に記
載せる目的で開口157よりも小さい。充気室の真上に
は、下方に向けられた給液管158が存在し、該管の端
部は充気室156の上方に間隔を有し、かつ該管は上端
で貯蔵器159と連絡していて、該貯蔵器は液体入口1
60を備えている。
Also, inside the hollow chamber 150 and the cylindrical shroud 153, on the axis A-A, there is a plenum chamber 156 having openings 157, 157' facing each other at both ends of the diameter and in line with the diameter corresponding to the axis A-A. It is located. Aperture 157' is smaller than aperture 157 for the purposes described above. Immediately above the plenum chamber there is a downwardly directed liquid supply tube 158, the end of which is spaced above the plenum chamber 156, and which connects at its upper end to a reservoir 159. and the reservoir is connected to liquid inlet 1.
It is equipped with 60.

中空室150中で、前端155の右方縁(第1図参照)
の少し後方の個所には複数の吸込口161が配置されて
いる。
In the hollow chamber 150, the right edge of the front end 155 (see FIG. 1)
A plurality of suction ports 161 are arranged a little behind.

液体は160で貯蔵器159中に導入され、ここで同伴
された空気等による波動が沈静されてから、給液管15
8を流下し充気室156の外表面に沈着する。
The liquid is introduced into the reservoir 159 at 160, where waves caused by entrained air, etc. are subsided, and then the liquid is introduced into the liquid supply pipe 15.
8 flows down and is deposited on the outer surface of the plenum chamber 156.

上述したように、流動速度は、開口157,157′を
覆う球面が連続する動フイルムで覆れる程度である。霧
化又は噴霧される過剰の液体は充気室の底部から排出さ
せ、適当な装置(図示されず)で捕集し、液体供給系に
再循環させる。比較的低圧の空気を充気室中に導入し、
小さい開口157,157′から排出する。
As mentioned above, the flow velocity is such that the spherical surface covering the openings 157, 157' can be covered with a continuous moving film. Excess liquid that is atomized or sprayed is drained from the bottom of the plenum, collected by suitable equipment (not shown), and recycled to the liquid supply system. Introducing relatively low pressure air into the plenum chamber,
It is discharged through small openings 157, 157'.

同時に、液体(水又は所望割合の水/医薬混合物)を貯
蔵器159に充満させ、給液管158から流出して充気
室の表面に溢れ、開口157,157″を覆つて流れる
。比較的大きい開口157によつてつくられる吐出量の
差異のために、霧化された液体は開口152を経て室の
外部に排出される。この流れは閉鎖端に減圧区域を生ぜ
しめるので、吸込空気が吸込口161に入り、室壁と内
部円筒状シユラウド153との間を閉鎖端151に向つ
て後方に流れる。吸込まれた空気がシユラウド153の
後端154を通り過ぎると、その流路は逆になり、充気
室156に向つて移動し、そこで小さい開口157′を
通る空気の流れによつて生じた霧化された液体と衝突す
る。このようにして吸込まれた空気は、円筒状シユラウ
ド153をその前端155の方向に移動し、開口157
で生じる霧化された医薬に衝突する腸合に調湿される。
このようにして、空気はシユラウドから出る前にできる
だけ飽和点に近い状態に調湿され、その結果開口157
で生じる霧化された液体は実際に全体が懸垂状態で存在
する。
At the same time, a liquid (water or a water/medicinal mixture in the desired proportions) fills the reservoir 159 and flows out of the supply pipe 158, overflowing the surface of the plenum and over the openings 157, 157''. Due to the difference in output volume created by the large opening 157, the atomized liquid is discharged to the outside of the chamber via the opening 152. This flow creates an area of reduced pressure at the closed end, so that the suction air It enters the inlet 161 and flows rearwardly between the chamber wall and the internal cylindrical shroud 153 toward the closed end 151. As the inhaled air passes the rear end 154 of the shroud 153, its flow path is reversed. , moves towards the plenum chamber 156 where it collides with the atomized liquid produced by the flow of air through the small opening 157'. moving towards its front end 155 and opening 157
When the atomized medicine collides with the intestine, the humidity is adjusted.
In this way, the air is conditioned as close to the saturation point as possible before exiting the shroud, resulting in opening 157
The resulting atomized liquid actually exists entirely in suspension.

それというのもどの液体も簡単に蒸発してシユラウドの
内部を移動する空気の相対湿度を上げることはないから
である。第2、第3及び第4図の実施例第2図、第3図
及び第4図には基本的概念の付′加的変更形が記載され
ており、これによつて第1図の実施例によつて得られる
霧化液の噴霧直径を著しく増大することができる。
This is because no liquid easily evaporates and increases the relative humidity of the air moving inside the shroud. Embodiments of FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 show additional variations of the basic concept, thereby making it possible to implement the embodiment of FIG. By way of example, the spray diameter of the resulting atomized liquid can be significantly increased.

これらのすべての丸施例は、空気を同伴した液体粒子は
衝撃により物理的に粒子を小さい粒度に破壊することが
できるという原理を利用する。第2図には2個の球18
0,182の使用が示されており、その各々は前記原理
によつて霧化するためにそれぞれ単一開口184,18
6及び上述した原理により霧化するため球上へ液膜を流
すための装置188,190を有する。
All of these circular embodiments utilize the principle that liquid particles entrained with air can be physically broken into smaller particles by impact. In Figure 2 there are two balls 18.
0,182, each with a single aperture 184, 18, respectively, to atomize according to the principles described above.
6 and devices 188, 190 for flowing a liquid film onto the sphere for atomization according to the principles described above.

開口184,186代空気が該開口から衝突又は交叉す
るコースで流出するように配置されている。好ましくは
、開口184,186を通る共角交叉線で形成される角
度は901又はこれ以下である。この配置の実施例は第
4図に示されており、その際球180″,182′は開
口184′,186′が相互に向い合つた関係に配置さ
れており、包括角度で表わせば、この角度は180てで
ある。
Apertures 184 and 186 are arranged such that air flows out of the apertures in colliding or intersecting courses. Preferably, the angle formed by the conformal intersection lines through apertures 184, 186 is 901 or less. An example of this arrangement is shown in FIG. 4, in which the balls 180'', 182' are arranged in a mutually facing relationship with the apertures 184', 186'; The angle is 180 degrees.

前記の両方の配置では、空気は開口184,186,1
84′,186′から流出し、それぞれの球を覆う液膜
を形成する液体を一部分霧化させる。
In both of the above arrangements, air flows through the openings 184, 186, 1
The liquid exiting from 84', 186' is partially atomized forming a liquid film covering each sphere.

一方の球からの霧化された液体の粒子は他方の球から分
散される粒子に衝突して、更に粒度を小さくする。粒度
の減少は第4図の配置で得られるが、この構造は次の点
で極端を表わす:(a)向い合つた空気の流れは、それ
ぞれの球の表面を覆つて流れる液膜に対し***効果を有
する。
Particles of atomized liquid from one sphere collide with particles dispersed from the other sphere, further reducing the particle size. A reduction in particle size is obtained with the arrangement of Figure 4, but this structure represents an extreme in that: (a) the opposing air streams are separated by a liquid film flowing over the surface of each sphere; have an effect.

(b)空気気流は相互に中和する傾向を有し、従つて衝
突帯域から霧化された医薬又は液体の運動を生ぜしめる
ために若干の付加的手段を使用しなければならない。一
般に、衝突の利点は第4図の構造の系中に導入される付
加的要因によつて若干複雑となる。
(b) Air streams have a tendency to neutralize each other, so some additional means must be used to create movement of the atomized drug or liquid from the collision zone. In general, the benefits of collision are somewhat complicated by additional factors introduced into the system of structures of FIG.

しかし開口の関係が第2図の構造から第4図の構造に次
第に変化するにつれて、エーロゾルの密度は増大する。
それというのも中和された空気気流は付加的空気を吸引
する条件を有しえないからである。しかし第2図の構造
に近似するにつれて、吸引される空気は、向い合つた空
気気流間の包括角度が減少するため増大する。更に衝突
により得られる結果を考慮して、第3図を引用する。
However, as the aperture relationship gradually changes from the structure of FIG. 2 to the structure of FIG. 4, the density of the aerosol increases.
This is because the neutralized air stream has no conditions for sucking in additional air. However, as the structure of FIG. 2 is approximated, the air drawn in increases because the angle of inclusion between the opposing air streams decreases. Further, considering the results obtained by the collision, FIG. 3 is referred to.

第3図には所望の結果を得るために極めて有効な手段を
示す。この実施例では極めて小さい開口を有する球が定
置の衝撃器と組合されている。衝撃器は、開口192か
ら出る空気通路に直接存在するように配置された定置の
球190である。球の表面上に導入される液体は排出さ
れる空気により霧化され、直ちに衝撃器の球190に衝
突して、更に霧化された粒子の粒度を下げる。小液滴を
打砕くために種々の型の衝撃器を使用することは、液体
の霧化又は噴霧の分野では新規技術ではない。
FIG. 3 shows a very effective means for obtaining the desired result. In this embodiment a ball with a very small opening is combined with a stationary impactor. The impactor is a stationary ball 190 positioned directly in the air passageway exiting the opening 192. The liquid introduced onto the surface of the sphere is atomized by the expelled air and immediately impinges on the impactor sphere 190, further reducing the size of the atomized particles. The use of various types of impactors to break up small droplets is not new in the field of liquid atomization or atomization.

しかし、前記の新規霧化の場合には衝突工程は極めて有
効である。これは、衝撃器が排出開口に接近して存在さ
せることができ、ここでは小液滴の運動エネルギー、従
つて打砕き効果が大きいという事実に帰することができ
る。これは本発明においては、小液滴は薄い液膜から常
用の圧縮空気系に認められる通常のリガメント相を通ら
ないで形成されるという事実による。比較によると、常
用の霧化器の衝撃器は、排出開口に接近して配置するこ
とはできない。それというのも常に小液滴の最終的形成
に先だつ霧化のリガメント相が存在するからである。噴
霧プルームの小液滴系中に適当に配置する場合、常用の
霧化器の衝撃器は排出開[]から比較的遠く離れていて
、液体粒子が発散して、運動量を失い始める個所に存在
する。その結果、多数の粒子は衝撃器をかすめて衝撃す
るのに過ぎず、衝突速度は低下する。これが、常用の系
の場合小液滴粉砕法の全而的効果を下げる。衝撃器の使
用を開始してから間もなく、公知霧化装置で得られるの
と同じか又はよジ良好な工ーロゾルを得ることができた
However, in the case of the novel atomization described above, the impingement step is extremely effective. This can be attributed to the fact that the impactor can be located close to the discharge opening, where the kinetic energy of the droplets and thus the crushing effect is greater. This is due to the fact that in the present invention, droplets are formed from a thin liquid film without passing through the normal ligament phase found in conventional compressed air systems. By comparison, the impactor of a conventional atomizer cannot be placed close to the discharge opening. This is because there is always a ligament phase of atomization that precedes the final formation of droplets. When properly placed in the droplet system of a spray plume, the impactor of a conventional atomizer is located relatively far from the discharge opening at the point where the liquid droplets diverge and begin to lose momentum. do. As a result, many particles only brush past the impactor and the impact velocity is reduced. This reduces the overall effectiveness of the droplet crushing method in conventional systems. Shortly after starting to use the impactor, it was possible to obtain aerosols that were as good or better than those obtained with known atomizers.

第1図に示したように設計された向流単一噴霧器で行な
つた試験によつて、最も良く利用される超音波噴霧器で
得られる結果と比較し得る結果が得られた。最近の資料
によつてユニツト装置はキヤリヤ空気1mt当り液体粒
子約20000000個を供給することが明らかになつ
た。これは治療用のエーロゾル化液を得るための公知技
術で得られるものの少くとも2倍である。前記記載から
、霧化装置の種々の実施例及び構造を組合せて、簡単な
室の給湿から病院で要求されるような複雑な吸入治療に
及ぶ仕事を実施することのできる噴霧器装置をつくるこ
とができることは明らかである。
Tests conducted with a countercurrent single atomizer designed as shown in FIG. 1 yielded results comparable to those obtained with most commonly used ultrasonic atomizers. Recent documentation has shown that unit systems deliver approximately 2,000,000 liquid particles per mt of carrier air. This is at least twice that obtained with known techniques for obtaining therapeutic aerosolized liquids. From the foregoing description, it will be seen that various embodiments and structures of nebulizer devices can be combined to create a nebulizer device capable of performing tasks ranging from simple room humidification to complex inhalation treatments such as those required in hospitals. It is clear that this can be done.

構造及び組合せにおける種々のすべての変形は容易に実
施されかつ本発明の主要目的、即ち公知製品と比較した
場合に、設計が簡単で、清掃が容易で、使用が複雑でな
くかつ費用が比較的低廉であることを包含する。
All the various variations in construction and combinations are easy to implement and meet the main objectives of the invention, namely to be simple in design, easy to clean, uncomplicated to use and relatively inexpensive when compared with known products. This includes being inexpensive.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明による実施例の部分的断面図であり、第
2図は2種のエーロゾルを得る装置のもう1つの位置を
示す略図であV1第3図は衝撃器の使用により第1図の
基本形に使用することのできる装置の実施例の略図であ
り、第4図は第1図の構造に使用することのできる噴霧
器の充気室の他の実施例の略図である。 150・・・中空室、153・・・シユラウド、156
・・・充気室、157・・・開口、158・・・給液管
、159・・・貯蔵器、160・・・液体入レ]、16
1・・・吸込口。
1 is a partial sectional view of an embodiment according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another position of the device for obtaining two types of aerosol, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the device that can be used in the basic form of the figure; FIG. 150...Hollow chamber, 153...Shroud, 156
... Air filling chamber, 157... Opening, 158... Liquid supply pipe, 159... Reservoir, 160... Liquid inlet], 16
1... Suction port.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 第1端で閉鎖しかつその反対側の第2端で開いてい
る円筒状外室、外室の中でこれと共軸で支えられた円筒
状シユラウド、滑らかな凸状外面を有し、上記シユラウ
ドの中でその軸上に支えられ、かつ正反対に配置された
1組の開口を有する中空充気室、加圧空気を充気室中に
導入する装置、噴霧すべき液体を充気室の外面上に流出
して上記両開口から噴出させる装置を有し、充気室はそ
の表面から流れる噴霧液スプレーが上記シユラウドの軸
に沿つて反対方向に流出するように配置され、空気をシ
ユラウドと外室との間の環状間隙に吸込む吸込口が上記
外室に設けられていることを特徴とする噴霧器。
1 a cylindrical outer chamber closed at a first end and open at an opposite second end; a cylindrical shroud supported coaxially within the outer chamber; having a smooth convex outer surface; a hollow pneumatic chamber supported axially within said shroud and having a set of diametrically opposed openings; a device for introducing pressurized air into the pneumatic chamber; a device for introducing pressurized air into the pneumatic chamber; the air chamber is arranged such that the atomized liquid spray flowing from the surface exits in opposite directions along the axis of the shroud, and the air chamber is arranged such that the atomized liquid spray flowing from the surface exits in opposite directions along the axis of the shroud. A sprayer characterized in that the outer chamber is provided with a suction port for sucking into the annular gap between the outer chamber and the outer chamber.
JP56180257A 1972-05-22 1981-11-10 sprayer Expired JPS5923815B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US255681A US3864326A (en) 1972-05-22 1972-05-22 Spraying devices, in particular nebulizing devices
US255681 1994-06-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS57177769A JPS57177769A (en) 1982-11-01
JPS5923815B2 true JPS5923815B2 (en) 1984-06-05

Family

ID=22969431

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JP48057105A Expired JPS5741260B2 (en) 1972-05-22 1973-05-22
JP56180257A Expired JPS5923815B2 (en) 1972-05-22 1981-11-10 sprayer

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP48057105A Expired JPS5741260B2 (en) 1972-05-22 1973-05-22

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3864326A (en)
JP (2) JPS5741260B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1034458A (en)
FR (1) FR2186006A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1429516A (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US3864326A (en) 1975-02-04
FR2186006A5 (en) 1974-01-04
JPS57177769A (en) 1982-11-01
JPS4961986A (en) 1974-06-15
CA1034458A (en) 1978-07-11
GB1429516A (en) 1976-03-24
JPS5741260B2 (en) 1982-09-02

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