JPS59228260A - Toner for electrophotography - Google Patents

Toner for electrophotography

Info

Publication number
JPS59228260A
JPS59228260A JP58101627A JP10162783A JPS59228260A JP S59228260 A JPS59228260 A JP S59228260A JP 58101627 A JP58101627 A JP 58101627A JP 10162783 A JP10162783 A JP 10162783A JP S59228260 A JPS59228260 A JP S59228260A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
toner
toner particles
semipermanent
particles
electret state
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP58101627A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Michiaki Otsuki
大月 通明
Katsuyuki Ito
克之 伊藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Computer Basic Technology Research Association Corp
Original Assignee
Computer Basic Technology Research Association Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Computer Basic Technology Research Association Corp filed Critical Computer Basic Technology Research Association Corp
Priority to JP58101627A priority Critical patent/JPS59228260A/en
Publication of JPS59228260A publication Critical patent/JPS59228260A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00Developers
    • G03G9/08Developers with toner particles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00Developers
    • G03G9/08Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0821Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
    • G03G9/0823Electric parameters

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To carry out a stable and simple developing stage when an electrophotographic toner image is reproduced, by subjecting toner particles to semipermanent polarization or semipermanent electrostatic charge beforehand. CONSTITUTION:A toner is composed essentially of one or more kinds of dielectric substances including a dye component required to assume a hue, and the toner is subjected to semipermanent polarization or semipermanent electrostatic charge to produce an electret state. Thus, the desired toner for electrophotography is obtd. The constituent materials of the toner are heated to the softening point or above, and they are slowly cooled while applying high DC voltage to leave permanent volume electric charges on the surfaces of the materials. These stages are repeated to intensify the electret state, and pulverization and classification are carried out to manufacture said toner which is in an electret state.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (技術分野) 本発明は電子写真記録技術等における現像ゾロセスに用
いるトナー物質に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Technical Field) The present invention relates to a toner material used for development processing in electrophotographic recording technology and the like.

(従来技術) 電子写真記録技術を用いた記録装置は、電子複写機とし
て広く一般に普及している。またこの記録技術の応用〆
して、最近では、プリンタ、ファクシミリ等の情報機器
にも数多くの装置例が紹介されるようになった。ここで
は前記記録技術の一般的な記録プロセスの内、現像プロ
セスを除く他のプロセスはすでに公知の手段により構成
され遂行し得るものとして省略する。
(Prior Art) Recording devices using electrophotographic recording technology are widely used as electronic copying machines. Furthermore, as an application of this recording technology, many examples of devices have recently been introduced in information equipment such as printers and facsimile machines. Here, among the general recording processes of the above-mentioned recording technology, other processes other than the developing process will be omitted as they can be constructed and carried out by known means.

従来、前記現像プロセスに用いられる現像剤は大別し−
て以下の二種類に分類できる。即ち、トナー粒子とキャ
リアと称する磁性体、ガラス、有機溶剤等のトナー搬送
媒体との混合によ構成る所謂二成分系現像剤とトナー粒
子のみで現像剤を構成する一成分系現像剤とがそれであ
る。これらの現像剤が記録媒体上の静電潜像に対応して
選択的に該記録媒体表面に現像付着するに必要な吸引力
は、前記静電潜像の有する電界中において現像剤中のト
ナー粒子に作用する電荷にもとづく吸収力に依存してい
る。従って有効な吸引力を得るにはトナー粒子自体に静
電潜像を形成している電荷と相反する極性の電荷を付与
する必要がある。具体的にトナー粒子に電荷を与える手
段を説明すると二成分系現像の場合、トナー粒子と前記
キャリアとの摩擦帯電による方法が一般的であシ、現像
器に収容された現像剤は機械的に混合撹拌することにょ
シ、トナー粒子に所定の極性の帯電が与えられる。
Conventionally, the developers used in the development process are broadly classified into
It can be classified into the following two types. That is, there is a so-called two-component developer made by mixing toner particles and a toner transport medium such as a magnetic material called a carrier, glass, or an organic solvent, and a one-component developer made of only toner particles. That's it. The attraction force necessary for these developers to develop and adhere selectively to the surface of the recording medium in correspondence with the electrostatic latent image on the recording medium is such that the toner in the developer is absorbed in the electric field of the electrostatic latent image. It relies on the absorption power based on the electric charge acting on the particles. Therefore, in order to obtain an effective attraction force, it is necessary to impart to the toner particles themselves a charge of a polarity opposite to that forming the electrostatic latent image. Specifically, to explain the means for applying electric charge to toner particles, in the case of two-component development, a method using frictional electrification between toner particles and the carrier is generally used, and the developer contained in the developing device is mechanically charged. By mixing and stirring, the toner particles are charged with a predetermined polarity.

一方、−成分系の現像剤の場合は現像方法によシ多少の
差異があるものの、代表的の操作としては、現像時に連
鎖状に結合したトナー粒子の一端を接地若しくは必要と
する帯電極性のバイアス電源に接続し、他端のトナー粒
子が前記静電潜像面と対向する状況下において、肖該ト
ナー粒子に前記静電潜像の電界に対応した電荷を誘起す
るとした方法が提案されている。あるいはまた現像器内
においてコロナ放電器による強制的な帯電を行々う方法
や前記キャリアに代る摩擦帯電を与えるべき他の物質面
との摺擦を行なう方法もある。いづれの方法も現状では
広く一般に実用化されている現像剤、%にトナ7粒子の
帯電機構であるが以下のような欠点を有する。
On the other hand, in the case of a -component type developer, although there are some differences depending on the development method, typical operations include grounding one end of the toner particles bonded in a chain during development or adjusting the required charging polarity. A method has been proposed in which a charge corresponding to the electric field of the electrostatic latent image is induced in the toner particles at the other end when the toner particles are connected to a bias power source and face the electrostatic latent image surface. There is. Alternatively, there is also a method of forcibly charging the carrier with a corona discharger in the developing device, or a method of rubbing the carrier against another material surface to which triboelectric charging is to be applied instead of the carrier. Both methods use a charging mechanism of developer and toner particles, which are currently in widespread use, but have the following drawbacks.

1)、トナー粒子に与えられる帯電電荷が表面に集中し
た面電荷であり、帯電量、並びに帯電機構そのものがト
ナー粒子の表面状態及びキャリア等の搬送媒体の表面状
態に大きく依存して変化する。
1) The charge applied to the toner particles is a surface charge concentrated on the surface, and the amount of charge and the charging mechanism itself change depending largely on the surface state of the toner particles and the surface state of a carrier medium such as a carrier.

具体的にはトナー粒子の電気的性質はその表面の不純物
によシ極めて著しい変化を受けるのが常である。ここで
は、特に実用的な面も考慮してその不純物を水分すなわ
ち湿気のみに限定した場合においてもトナー粒子の帯電
量が大きく変化し最終的にトナー画像に悪影響を与える
ことは良く知らレテイる。キャリアの場合も同等である
ばかシかトナー付着や破砕あるいは酸化などにょシ定期
的に交換する必要のあることは勿論である。
Specifically, the electrical properties of toner particles usually undergo very significant changes due to impurities on their surfaces. Here, it is well known that even if the impurity is limited to only water, ie, moisture, taking practical aspects into account, the amount of charge on the toner particles will change greatly, ultimately having an adverse effect on the toner image. Of course, carriers also need to be replaced periodically due to problems such as toner adhesion, crushing, or oxidation.

2)、実際にトナー粒子の有する帯電量を測定した場合
、二成分系現像剤では通常的20〜30μの、−成分系
現像剤では誘起電荷のみによる帯電では約1〜7μc/
g、コロナ帯電等の強制的な電荷注入の方法では10〜
40μ〆/gの範囲で操作できることがわかった。しか
しながら1)で述べたことに関連して前記夫れ夫れの現
像剤のトナー粒子に均一に且つ有効な帯電量を付与する
ことは困難であるという欠点のあることがわかった。
2) When the charge amount of toner particles is actually measured, it is usually 20 to 30 μc/cm for a two-component developer, and about 1 to 7 μc/cm for a -component developer based only on the induced charge.
g, 10~ for forced charge injection methods such as corona charging
It was found that it was possible to operate within the range of 40μ〆/g. However, in connection with the above-mentioned point 1), it has been found that there is a drawback in that it is difficult to apply a uniform and effective amount of charge to the toner particles of each developer.

(発明の目的) 本発明の目的はこれらの欠点を解決するためトナー粒子
に半恒久的な体積電荷を付与した状態すなわちエレクト
レットの状態を形成したもので以下詳細に説明する。
(Object of the Invention) In order to solve these drawbacks, the object of the present invention is to provide toner particles with a semi-permanent volume charge, that is, to form an electret state, which will be described in detail below.

(発明の構成) トナーとしての色相を呈するに必要な色素成分を含む少
なくとも1種類以上の誘電体物質を主材料として構成さ
れた粉体状のトナー粒子であり、該トナー粒子の夫れ夫
れが周囲から電磁気的な影響を受けず、なお且つ他の物
質との間あるいは隣接するトナー粒子間に機械的な作用
を受けない状況の下ですでに内部に誘導分極を示すか若
しくは正極あるいは負極のいずれか一方に帯電した荷電
トナーである所謂エレクトレット状態を維持してゝ電+
5真□) f−4’あ、。         パす(実
施例) 本発明の詳細な説明の都合上従来のトナー粒子の製造工
程と対比して述べる。まず従来の通常のトナーの製造工
程を簡単に説明すると、一般的なトナー粒子の成分構成
は二成分系現像剤の場合、熱可塑性樹脂と顔料、染料及
び摩擦帯電列を考慮して帯電補助剤等から成り、これら
を溶融、混合した後に噴霧分散するか冷却した時点で粉
砕することによシ微細粒としてのトナー粒子を得るもの
であり、−成分系現像剤の場合も基本的には前述した二
成分系現像剤と同等であるが、特に磁性トナーに関して
は、トナー粒子中に磁性材料を含む必要から、前記成分
構成にさらに磁性粉が添加されるので、従ってトナー粒
子の基本的な成分構成は、色素成分を含む樹脂等の誘電
体物質であることが分る。本発明の実施例は上記のトナ
ー粒子に体積電荷を恒久的に保持した状態を、即ちエレ
クトレット状態を与えるものであるが、以下その手段に
ついて説明する。エレクトレット状態を形成するために
1)先ずトナーの成分材料を軟化点以上にカリ熱し、こ
れに直流の高電圧を印加しながら除徐に冷却する。こう
した行程を行なうことによりトナー材料の表面には恒久
的な電荷が残留し、しかも該電荷の分布がトナー材料の
深層にまで及ぶ体積電荷である状態を作ることが出来る
。さらに前記行程を繰シ返すことによシ、こうしたエレ
クトレット状態は強まる傾向を示す。この時点で公知の
手段によりトナー材料を粉砕、分粒すれば、トナー粒子
夫れ夫れにエレクトレット状態を有する本発明の実施例
を得ることができる。11)次に別の手段としてすでに
粒子状態に成形されたトナーに対し、真空中で低エネル
ギの電子線を照射することによシ放出された電荷はトナ
ー粒子のかなシの内層にまで到達してトラツプされた為
に非常に安定なエレクトレット状態を維持することがで
きるO (本発明の効果) 以上詳細説明したようにトナー粒子に与えられた恒久的
な電荷及びその分布は、トナー粒子の体積内にまで及び
エレクトレット状態であるので、1)従来のトナー粒子
の帯電機構から得る表面電荷と比較して極めて安定でア
シ、消去しにくい。2)トナー粒子にあらかじめその製
造工程中に分極、若しくは帯電が与えられるので現像時
の帯電機構が不要になる3)特に−成分系の磁性トナー
に見られるような誘起電荷に依存した現像方法において
はトナー粒子の有する比電荷量が安定にして且つ飛躍的
に増加できる。4)エレクトレット状態により保持した
分極あるいは帯電は容易に消去されないので環境に影響
されることなく安定した現像を行なえる等の利点を有す
る。
(Structure of the Invention) Powder-like toner particles mainly composed of at least one dielectric substance containing a pigment component necessary for exhibiting a hue as a toner, and each of the toner particles Under conditions where the toner particles are not electromagnetically influenced by the surroundings and are not subjected to mechanical action between them and other substances or between adjacent toner particles, they already exhibit internal induced polarization, or have a positive or negative polarity. It maintains the so-called electret state, which is charged toner that is charged to either one of the
5 true□) f-4'Ah. Pass (Example) For convenience of detailed explanation of the present invention, a comparison will be made with a conventional toner particle manufacturing process. First, to briefly explain the conventional toner manufacturing process, in the case of a two-component developer, the component composition of a typical toner particle is a thermoplastic resin, a pigment, a dye, and a charging aid in consideration of the triboelectric series. Toner particles are obtained as fine particles by melting and mixing these and then spraying and dispersing them or crushing them after cooling. However, for magnetic toner in particular, since it is necessary to include a magnetic material in the toner particles, magnetic powder is further added to the above component composition, so the basic components of the toner particles are It can be seen that the composition is a dielectric material such as resin containing a dye component. In the embodiments of the present invention, the toner particles are given a state in which the volume charge is permanently retained, that is, an electret state, and the means thereof will be explained below. In order to form an electret state, 1) First, the component materials of the toner are heated to a temperature above their softening point, and then slowly cooled while applying a high DC voltage. These steps create a condition in which a permanent charge remains on the surface of the toner material, and the charge distribution is a volumetric charge that extends deep into the toner material. Further, by repeating the above process, the electret state tends to become stronger. At this point, by pulverizing and sizing the toner material by known means, it is possible to obtain an embodiment of the present invention in which each toner particle has an electret state. 11) Next, as another method, the toner that has already been formed into particles is irradiated with a low-energy electron beam in a vacuum, and the released charges reach the inner layer of the toner particles. Since the electret state is trapped, a very stable electret state can be maintained. Since it is in an electret state, 1) it is extremely stable compared to the surface charge obtained from the conventional charging mechanism of toner particles, and is difficult to erase. 2) Since the toner particles are polarized or charged in advance during the manufacturing process, a charging mechanism during development is not required. 3) Especially in developing methods that rely on induced charges, such as those found in -component magnetic toners. The specific charge amount of the toner particles can be stabilized and dramatically increased. 4) Since the polarization or charge held in the electret state is not easily erased, it has the advantage that stable development can be performed without being affected by the environment.

本発明によれば、トナー粒子にあらかじめ半恒久的な分
極、帯電を付与しているので電子写真等のトナー像再成
に当シ安定にして且つ簡便な現像工程を行なうことが可
能であるという効果がある。
According to the present invention, semi-permanent polarization and charging are imparted to toner particles in advance, making it possible to carry out a stable and simple development process for reproducing toner images in electrophotography and the like. effective.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 電子写真記録及び静電記録等の記録媒体上に形成された
可視像化すべき静電潜像の現像処理に用いるトナー物質
において、トナーとしての色相を呈する蜘必要な色素成
分を含む少なくとも1種類以上の誘電体物質を主材料と
して構成された粉体状のトナー粒子であシ、該トナー粒
子の夫れ夫れが周囲から電磁気的な影響を受けず、なお
且つ他の物質との間あるいは隣接するトナー粒子間に機
械的な作用を受けない状況の下ですでに内部に誘導分極
を示すか若しくは正極あるいは負極のいずれか一方に滞
電した荷電トナーである所謂エレクトレット状態を維持
していることを特徴とする電子写真用トナー。
At least one type of toner material containing a necessary pigment component that exhibits a hue as a toner in toner materials used for developing electrostatic latent images to be visualized formed on recording media such as electrophotographic recording and electrostatic recording. The toner particles are powder-like particles mainly composed of the above-mentioned dielectric substance, and each of the toner particles is not electromagnetically influenced by the surroundings, and is free from interference with other substances or In a situation where there is no mechanical action between adjacent toner particles, the toner already exhibits induced polarization internally or maintains a so-called electret state, which is a charged toner that is charged to either the positive electrode or the negative electrode. An electrophotographic toner characterized by:
JP58101627A 1983-06-09 1983-06-09 Toner for electrophotography Pending JPS59228260A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58101627A JPS59228260A (en) 1983-06-09 1983-06-09 Toner for electrophotography

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58101627A JPS59228260A (en) 1983-06-09 1983-06-09 Toner for electrophotography

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59228260A true JPS59228260A (en) 1984-12-21

Family

ID=14305637

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58101627A Pending JPS59228260A (en) 1983-06-09 1983-06-09 Toner for electrophotography

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59228260A (en)

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