JPS59213421A - Vertical deep-bed filtration apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a desired grain size distribution of a filter medium and to recover the suspended matter in a high concn. by providing an opening of a washing pipe at the upper part of a treated water chamber, and providing an annular suspended matter recovering trough which surrounds the desired water basin in the circumference of the opening and is movable up and down. CONSTITUTION:The upper end of a washing pipe 18 is opened at the upper part of a filtration chamber 13, and an annular suspended matter recovering though 29 which is movable up and down and surrounds a fixed range of a water basin in the circumference of a buffer pipe 28 provided oppositely to the opening of the washing pipe. The dispersion of a granular filter medium 17 and the suspended matter discharged from the opening of the washing pipe 18 is regulated. The suspended matter is floated and recovered to the utmost extent, and the granular filter medium 17 is settled to the utmost extent to form a conical deposit. And the fine grains of the filter medium is partially distributed to the outflow side of the filtration chamber 13 by utilizing the conical deposit of the filter medium. The coarse grains of the filter medium is partially distributed to the inflow side of the filtration chamber 13. In this way, a deep filtration bed having a reverse grain size distribution can be obtained naturally.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 この発明は、粒状ろ過材を利用した重力ろ過装置に係り
、特に占有面積の拡張が抑制できるろ過装置のむ１造に
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a gravity filtration device using granular filter media, and particularly to a structure of a filtration device that can suppress expansion of the occupied area.

従来の粒状ろ過材による重力ろ連装＠は、第１図に示す
ようにろ連槽１の下層から上方に向かって、集配水室２
と支持床３と支持砂利層４とろ過砂層５と原水流入室６
とを順に重ねて設け、ろ連槽１の上から供給管７−を介
して流入室６に原水を供給するようになっている。そし
てこの供給原水はろ過砂層５、支持砂利層４を通過する
間に濁質が除去されて集配氷室２内に処理水として集め
られ、処理水排出管８から回収されるのである。In the conventional gravity filtration system @ using granular filter media, as shown in Fig. 1, the water collection and distribution chamber 2 is
and supporting bed 3, supporting gravel layer 4, filter sand layer 5, and raw water inflow chamber 6
are provided one on top of the other in order, and raw water is supplied from above the filtration tank 1 to the inflow chamber 6 via the supply pipe 7-. While this supplied raw water passes through a filter sand layer 5 and a support gravel layer 4, suspended solids are removed and collected as treated water in the collection/distribution ice chamber 2, and recovered from the treated water discharge pipe 8.

しかしてこのろ過装置はろ過要部の高さＨが処理水質に
よシはぼ一定に設定されているから、ろ過処理量が増加
するとその増加に応じてろ連槽１は横方向に平面的に拡
大されて装置の占有面積を拡張しなければならないとい
う欠点を有するものである。However, in this filtration device, the height H of the main filtration part is set to be approximately constant depending on the quality of the treated water, so as the amount of filtration increases, the filtration tank 1 is horizontally flattened according to the increase. This has the disadvantage that the area occupied by the device must be expanded.

この欠点を解消するために開発されたろ過装置がある。A filtration device has been developed to overcome this drawback.

これを第２図により説明する。This will be explained with reference to FIG.

ろ連槽ｌｌ内を流入室１２とろ過室１３と処理水室１４
との竪形同心（平行にしてもよい）の３室に区分するよ
うに、ろ過室１３の両側に流入側ろ拐支持壁１５と流出
側ろ材支持壁１６とを配設し、この２つのろ材支持壁１
５．１６の間に粒状ろ過材１７を充填する。The inside of the filtration tank 1 is divided into an inflow chamber 12, a filtration chamber 13, and a treated water chamber 14.
An inlet filter support wall 15 and an outlet filter support wall 16 are provided on both sides of the filtration chamber 13 so as to divide the chamber into three vertically concentric (or parallel) chambers. Filter media support wall 1
Fill the granular filter material 17 between 5.16 and 16.

ろ材支持壁１５．１６は粒状ろ過材１７の通過を阻止す
る間隙を無数に形成したフィルタ、篩並びに粒状ろ過材
１７の崩落を阻止する堰板を多段に配しだ下見板等から
なるものである。また処理水室１４の中を上下に負通し
てろ過室１３の上下と連通ずる粒状ろ過料１７の洗浄管
１８を設ける。さらにろ過層１１の流入室１２に原水供
給管１９を連通し、処理水室１４に処理水回収管２すな
連通して、流入した原水をろ過室１３内に充填した粒状
ろ過材によりろ過処理して処理水室１４を介して回収管
２０により回収する。一方洗浄管１８の下端部に給気管
２１を開口し、支持壁１５の上部内面に越流樋２２を介
して濁質排出管２３を開口して、洗浄管１８内に噴出さ
せた空気により粒状ろ過材１７を唄き上げて洗浄し、ろ
過室１３内に捕捉した濁質を排出管２３からろ過旧１１
の外に排出する。The filter media support walls 15 and 16 are made of a filter, a sieve, and a siding board in which weir plates to prevent the granular filter media 17 from collapsing are arranged in multiple stages. be. Further, a cleaning pipe 18 for the granular filtration material 17 is provided which passes vertically through the treated water chamber 14 and communicates with the upper and lower portions of the filtration chamber 13. Further, a raw water supply pipe 19 is connected to the inflow chamber 12 of the filtration layer 11, and a treated water recovery pipe 2 is connected to the treated water chamber 14, so that the inflowing raw water is filtered by the granular filter material filled in the filtration chamber 13. The treated water is then collected by the collection pipe 20 via the treated water chamber 14. On the other hand, an air supply pipe 21 is opened at the lower end of the cleaning pipe 18, and a turbidity discharge pipe 23 is opened at the upper inner surface of the support wall 15 via an overflow gutter 22. The filter material 17 is pumped up and washed, and the suspended solids captured in the filtration chamber 13 are removed from the filter material 11 through the discharge pipe 23.
discharge outside.

すなわちこのろ通信１１μ、処理水量を↓盲加するとき
は、上方に槽を延長して占有面積の拡張を抑制すること
かできる輻流型ろ過装置である−しかし、このｍ置によ
れば洗浄管から放出する洗浄更生したろ過材並びに濁質
がろ過室上部に分散するので、沈降するろ過材の粒度分
布並びに濁質の高濃度での分離に不十分な点がめった。In other words, this filter communication is 11μ, and when the amount of water to be treated is increased, the tank can be extended upward to suppress the expansion of the occupied area. Since the washed and refurbished filter media and suspended solids discharged from the pipe are dispersed in the upper part of the filtration chamber, the particle size distribution of the settling filter media and the separation of high concentrations of suspended solids are often insufficient.

この発明は前記不十分な点を改良してろ過料を所望の状
態に粒度分布させると共に、濁質を高濃度で回収するこ
とができるろ過装置を提供することを目的とする。It is an object of the present invention to provide a filtration device that improves the above-mentioned insufficiency, allows the particle size distribution of the filtration charge to be in a desired state, and is capable of recovering suspended solids at a high concentration.

この発明の要点は、ろ過室上部に洗浄管の上端を開口さ
せ、この洗浄管開口部に対向して設けた緩衝管の周辺水
域を一定範曲包囲する環状の上下動可能なＩｈｒ質回収
樋を設けて、洗浄管の開口部から放出した粒状ろ過材並
びに濁質の分散を規制し、集中的に濁質を浮上回収する
一方、粒状ろ過料な集中沈降させ′Ｃ〜ろ過材の円錐状
堆積を形成させ、この円錐状のろ過材堆積を利用して細
粒ろ過料をろ過室の流出側に偏在させ、粗粒ろ過材をろ
過室の流入側に偏在させて、自然に逆粒度分布の深層ろ
渦層にしようとするものである。The main point of this invention is that the upper end of the cleaning pipe is opened in the upper part of the filtration chamber, and the annular Ihr substance collection gutter is movable up and down to surround a water area around the buffer pipe provided opposite to the opening of the cleaning pipe. is installed to control the dispersion of the granular filtration material and suspended solids discharged from the opening of the cleaning pipe, and while the turbid matter is intensively floated and collected, the granular filtration material is concentrated and settled, and the conical shape of the filtration material is By forming a deposit and using this conical filter media accumulation, the fine filter material is unevenly distributed on the outflow side of the filtration chamber, and the coarse filter material is unevenly distributed on the inlet side of the filtration chamber, resulting in a naturally reverse particle size distribution. This is intended to create a deep vortex layer.

この発明の一実施例を第３．４図に基づいて説明する。An embodiment of this invention will be described based on FIG. 3.4.

図において従来と共通する部分は第２図と同じ符号を用
いその説明を省略する。In the figure, parts common to the conventional one are designated by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 2, and their explanation will be omitted.

ろ過層１１の逆円錐形の槽底１１Ａ（または筒状槽胴１
１Ｂの下部）の外周沿いに環状の流入」、＋、＋　ｚ４
を設け、この流入環２４の外周に原水供給管１９を連通
し、原水供給管１９の連通部と位相、方向を異にして流
入環２４と流入室１２とを連続的に連通ずる。処理水室
１４の下部に俯角■をほぼ４ｏ０丙外にした誘導傘２５
をろ過室内に張り出して設ける。処理水室１４内には上
部で処理水回収管２０に連通ずる整流管２６を設け、整
流管２６の下端を処理水の流入域よりも下方の位置で開
口する。処理水室１４（含整流管２６）の上方面は円錐
状シュート２７を覆設して閉塞し洗浄管１８を貫通させ
る。洗浄管１８の上方の水面付近には、周囲を下向きに
傾斜させた傘状の冠２８′を持つ緩衝室２８を設ける。The inverted conical tank bottom 11A of the filtration layer 11 (or the cylindrical tank body 1
Annular inflow along the outer periphery of the lower part of 1B), +, + z4
A raw water supply pipe 19 is connected to the outer periphery of the inflow ring 24, and the inflow ring 24 and the inflow chamber 12 are continuously communicated with each other by being different in phase and direction from the communication portion of the raw water supply pipe 19. At the bottom of the treated water chamber 14, there is an induction umbrella 25 with a depression angle of approximately 4o0°.
is installed by extending it into the filtration chamber. Inside the treated water chamber 14, a rectifier pipe 26 is provided which communicates with the treated water recovery pipe 20 at the upper part, and the lower end of the rectifier pipe 26 is opened at a position below the inflow area of the treated water. The upper surface of the treated water chamber 14 (including the rectifying pipe 26) is covered with a conical chute 27 to be closed, and the cleaning pipe 18 is passed through the conical chute 27. A buffer chamber 28 having an umbrella-shaped crown 28' whose periphery is inclined downward is provided near the water surface above the cleaning pipe 18.

緩衝管２８の下方外側には上下動可能な環状の濁質回収
樋２９を設け、この濁質回収樋２９を濁質排出管２３に
連通する。濁質排出管２３にはろ過室１３内の水面下に
設ける環状の浮渣収集管３０と、流入室１２内の水面下
に設ける環状の浮渣収集管３１とを連結する。この浮渣
収集管３０．３１には昇降自在に水面に臨む吸入部３２
を可撓に連通させる。An annular suspended solids collection gutter 29 that is movable up and down is provided below and outside the buffer tube 28, and this suspended solids collection gutter 29 is communicated with the suspended solids discharge pipe 23. An annular sludge collection pipe 30 provided below the water surface in the filtration chamber 13 and an annular sludge collection pipe 31 provided below the water surface in the inflow chamber 12 are connected to the turbidity discharge pipe 23 . This floating collection pipe 30, 31 has a suction section 32 facing the water surface that can be raised and lowered freely.
flexibly communicate.

浮渣収集管３０．３１に連通する吸入部３２の詳細を第
４図に示す。第４図において、浮渣収集管３０　（３１
）の分岐部に可撓伸縮胴よりなる例えば蛇腹型の連結管
３３を接続し、この連結管３３に吸入管３４を接続し、
この吸入管３４の自由端に吸入管３４に連通ずる吸入口
を開口した浮子３５を連結する。A detail of the suction section 32 communicating with the sludge collection tube 30.31 is shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, the floating collection pipe 30 (31
) is connected to a connecting pipe 33 of a bellows type, for example, made of a flexible telescoping body, and a suction pipe 34 is connected to this connecting pipe 33.
A float 35 having a suction port communicating with the suction pipe 34 is connected to the free end of the suction pipe 34 .

なお前記流出側ろ材支持壁１６を第３図のように堰板１
６Ａによって形成するときは、堰板１６　Ａの仰角Ｕを
、（０°内外にする。Note that the outflow side filter media support wall 16 is connected to the weir plate 1 as shown in FIG.
When forming the weir plate 16A, the elevation angle U of the weir plate 16A is set to be inside or outside of 0°.

前記構成における各部の作用を次に説明する。The operation of each part in the above configuration will be explained next.

原水供給管１９から流入する原水は流入環２４の壁に当
って流入方向を変え流れの勢力が削減されてから流入室
１２内を一様に流れて上昇する。上昇した原水は流入側
ろ材支持壁１５、粒状ろ過料１７　、流出側ろ過材支持
壁１６を辿過する間に濁質が除去された処理水となって
処理水室１４に流入する。処理水室１４に流入した処理
水は整流管２６の下端からその内部に流入して上昇し、
上部の処理水回収管２゜から派出して回収される。The raw water flowing in from the raw water supply pipe 19 hits the wall of the inlet ring 24 and changes its inflow direction to reduce the force of the flow, and then flows uniformly inside the inlet chamber 12 and rises. The rising raw water flows into the treated water chamber 14 as treated water from which suspended matter has been removed while passing through the inflow side filter medium support wall 15, the granular filter medium 17, and the outflow side filter medium support wall 16. The treated water that has flowed into the treated water chamber 14 flows into the interior from the lower end of the rectifier pipe 26 and rises.
The treated water is discharged from the upper treated water recovery pipe 2° and collected.

一方緩衝管２８及び冠２８′は、洗浄管１８の上部開口
から噴き上げる、洗浄した粒状ろ過料１７と洗浄分離し
た濁質とが飛散するのを阻止しかつ減速する。濁質回収
樋２９は、上下動することにより周辺水域と水位差を設
は浮上流を生じさせて、飛散を阻止された粒状ろ過材１
７並びに濁質がろ過室１３の上部水域全面に分散希釈す
るのを抑制し、所定水域内に粒状ろ過材１７を集中沈降
させると共に濁質を集中浮上させ、集中浮上した濁質を
高濃度でその内部に導入して回収する。On the other hand, the buffer tube 28 and the crown 28' prevent and reduce the speed of the washed granular filtration material 17 and the washed and separated turbidity, which are sprayed up from the upper opening of the washing pipe 18, from scattering. The turbidity collection gutter 29 moves up and down to create a water level difference with the surrounding water area, and generates a floating flow to remove the granular filter material 1 that is prevented from scattering.
7 and turbidity are suppressed from being dispersed and diluted over the entire surface of the upper water area of the filtration chamber 13, the granular filter material 17 is concentrated in the predetermined water area, and the turbidity is concentrated and floated, and the concentrated floating turbidity is kept at a high concentration. Introduce it inside and collect it.

シュート２７は前記集中降下する粒状ろ過材１７をろ過
室１３内の流出側支持壁１６側に集中するように銹導し
、堆積した粒状ろ過材１７の上面が、流出側支持壁１６
側が高くなシ流入側支持壁１５側が低くなるように傾斜
して堆積させる。この傾斜堆積によシろ過室１３内の粒
状ろ過材の粒度分布は、粗粒のろ過材は前記流出側より
も流入側が多くなシ、細粒のろ過材は流出側よシも流入
側が少量になって逆粒度分布する。この逆粒度分布図を
第５図に示す。図中Ｗ域は粒径０．８　ｍ　ｍ未満、Ｘ
域は粒径０゜８から１．０　ｍ　ｍ未満、Ｙ域は粒径１
．０〜１．２　ｍ　ｍ未満、Ｚ域は粒径１．２　ｍ　ｍ
以上の割合をそれぞれ示す。The chute 27 guides the granular filter media 17 falling in a concentrated manner toward the outflow side support wall 16 in the filtration chamber 13, and the upper surface of the accumulated granular filter media 17 is directed toward the outflow side support wall 16.
It is deposited at an angle so that the side is higher and the inflow side support wall 15 side is lower. Due to this inclined accumulation, the particle size distribution of the granular filter media in the filtration chamber 13 is such that the coarse filter media has more on the inlet side than the outlet side, and the fine filter media has a smaller amount on the inlet side than the outlet side. and an inverse particle size distribution. This inverse particle size distribution diagram is shown in FIG. In the figure, the W area indicates a grain size of less than 0.8 mm, and the X
The range is particle size 0°8 to less than 1.0 mm, and the Y range is particle size 1.
．． 0 to less than 1.2 mm, Z region has a particle size of 1.2 mm
The above percentages are shown below.

この発明は以上説明したように、はぼ鉛直のろ材支持壁
を介してろ過構内を流入室とろ過室と処理水室とに分け
、処理水室上方にろ過材の洗浄管を開口し、その周辺の
所定水域を包囲する上下動可能な環状の濁質回収樋を設
けたことにより、洗浄管の開口から放出する濁質並びに
粒状ろ過材の分散を環状濁質回収樋が規制して、その内
側水域に濁質を集中浮上させて高濃度の浮渣にすると共
に、ろ過材を集中沈降させてろ過室内の処理水室を中心
にした円錐状のろ過材堆積を形成させる。As explained above, this invention divides the filtration chamber into an inflow chamber, a filtration chamber, and a treated water chamber through a vertical filter medium support wall, and opens a filter medium cleaning pipe above the treated water chamber. By installing a vertically movable annular turbidity collection gutter that surrounds a designated water area, the annular turbidity collection gutter regulates the dispersion of the turbidity and granular filter media discharged from the opening of the cleaning pipe. The suspended solids are concentrated and floated in the inner water area to become highly concentrated suspended matter, and the filter media is concentrated and settled to form a conical filter media deposit centered on the treated water chamber in the filtration chamber.

従って環状濁質回収樋には、高濃度の濁質が回収され、
かつろ過室内ではろ過材の逆粒度分布が得られるのであ
る。Therefore, a high concentration of suspended solids is collected in the annular suspended solid collection gutter,
Moreover, an inverse particle size distribution of the filter material can be obtained within the filtration chamber.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は従来の重力ろ過装置の断面図、第２図は輻流ろ
過装置の縦断面図、第３図は本発明の一実施例を示す縦
断面図、第４図は吸入口の詳細を↓ 示す断面図、第５図はろ過室内におけるろ過材の粒度分
布を示す図である。 １１：ろ渦層、１２：流入室、１３：ろ過室、１４：処
理水室、１５：流入側ろ材支持壁、１６：流出側ろ材支
持壁、１７：粒状ろ過材、１８：洗浄管、２９：濁質回
収樋 代理人　弁理士　　本　　間　　　　　崇第　／　図 ７　６　　　　ろ− １ 、，９ｂ２ノつ 第２図 ２ 第　３　図 ２８　２ａ′、ｎ ）　　　　１ 悴　５ト１ ′州　　　　　７１−［Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a conventional gravity filtration device, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a radiation filtration device, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is a detail of the inlet. ↓ is a cross-sectional view, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the particle size distribution of the filter medium inside the filter chamber. 11: Filtration vortex layer, 12: Inflow chamber, 13: Filtration chamber, 14: Treated water chamber, 15: Inflow side filter media support wall, 16: Outflow side filter media support wall, 17: Granular filter media, 18: Washing pipe, 29 : Suspended solids collection gutter agent Patent attorney Takashi Honma / Figure 7 6 Ro-1,,9b2nots Figure 2 3 Figure 28 2a',n) 1 Sae 5to1 'Shu 71-[

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 濁 板数のほぼ淋直なろ材支持壁を介してろ連槽内に原水流
入室とろ過室と処理水室とを配設したろ過装置において
、前記処理水室の上方に粒状ろ過材の洗浄％を開口せし
め、かつこの洗沖管の開口部周辺の水面を一定域包囲す
る現状の濁質回収樋を上下動可能に設けたことを特徴と
する竪型深層ろ過装置、０[Scope of Claims] A filtration device in which a raw water inflow chamber, a filtration chamber, and a treated water chamber are arranged in a filtration tank via a filter medium support wall with a substantially straight number of turbidity plates, in which a filter is provided above the treated water chamber. A vertical deep filtration device, characterized in that the washing percentage of the granular filter medium is opened, and the current turbidity collection gutter, which surrounds a certain area of the water surface around the opening of this washing pipe, is provided so as to be movable up and down. 0