JPS5916251B2 - exiyouhiyoujisouchi - Google Patents
exiyouhiyoujisouchiInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5916251B2 JPS5916251B2 JP14798875A JP14798875A JPS5916251B2 JP S5916251 B2 JPS5916251 B2 JP S5916251B2 JP 14798875 A JP14798875 A JP 14798875A JP 14798875 A JP14798875 A JP 14798875A JP S5916251 B2 JPS5916251 B2 JP S5916251B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- cell
- voltage
- transparent electrode
- dielectric constant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は二層構造の液晶セルを用い蓄積型電気光学効果
を利用した液晶表示装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device that utilizes a storage type electro-optic effect using a two-layer liquid crystal cell.
従来、イオンキャリヤを含み、負の誘電率異方性を有し
、分子軸の配向がらせん構造をとるような液晶物質に直
流または低周波の交流電圧を印加するとあるしきい電圧
以上で動的散乱を生じ、電圧を除去した後も光散乱状態
が蓄積される現象が知られている。蓄積された画像はあ
るしきい値以上の高周波電圧を印加することによつて消
去される。この蓄積型電気光学効果を利用した表示装置
は透明不透明による表示であり、カラー表示を行なう場
合にも色フィルタを付けるなどの方法によつて特定の色
相と白色とによる表示が可能であるにすぎない。また正
の誘電率異方性を有し、分子軸の配向がらせん構造をと
るような液晶物質を、透明電極表面において液晶分子長
軸が電極表面に10垂直に配向するような垂直配向処理
を施したセルに充填し、その前後にねじれネマティック
液晶セルと一対の偏光板とを設置することによつて四種
類の色相による表示を行なう方式も提案されている(信
学技報Vol、75、A6.34、P、45)が、15
四色表示を行なう場合には蓄積機能を持たせることはで
きず、また同じ方式である色相と白色とによる表示を行
なう場合には、コントラストが低い、蓄積動作時に一旦
画像が消滅する等の短所を有し、また垂直表面処理等、
液晶セルの作成上複雑であるなどの欠点があつた。本発
明の目的はある色相と白色とによる表示において、電圧
を印加することによつて二種の色相の切替えが可能であ
り、表示コントラストが高く、製作が簡単な蓄積型液晶
表置を提供することにある。Conventionally, when a DC or low-frequency AC voltage is applied to a liquid crystal material that contains ion carriers, has negative dielectric anisotropy, and has a helical molecular axis orientation, it becomes dynamic at a certain threshold voltage or higher. It is known that light scattering occurs and the light scattering state accumulates even after the voltage is removed. The stored image is erased by applying a high frequency voltage above a certain threshold. Display devices that utilize this accumulation-type electro-optic effect are transparent and opaque, and even when displaying in color, it is possible to display a specific hue and white by adding a color filter. do not have. In addition, a liquid crystal substance that has positive dielectric constant anisotropy and whose molecular axes are oriented in a spiral structure is subjected to vertical alignment treatment on the surface of a transparent electrode so that the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is oriented perpendicularly to the electrode surface. A method has also been proposed in which a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell and a pair of polarizing plates are installed in front and behind the cell filled with liquid crystal, thereby displaying four different hues (IEICE Technical Report Vol. 75, A6.34, P, 45) is 15
When performing a four-color display, it is not possible to provide an accumulation function, and when displaying using the same method of hue and white, there are disadvantages such as low contrast and the image disappearing once during the accumulation operation. It also has vertical surface treatment etc.
There were drawbacks such as the complexity of manufacturing the liquid crystal cell. An object of the present invention is to provide an accumulation-type liquid crystal display that can switch between two hues by applying a voltage, has high display contrast, and is easy to manufacture when displaying a certain hue and white. There is a particular thing.
本発明の液晶表示装置はイオンキャリヤを含み、負の誘
電率異方性を有し、分子軸の配向がらせん構造をとるよ
うな液晶物質を、そのらせん構造の光軸がガラス面に対
してほぼ垂直の方向に配向す10るようにはさんだ一組
の相対向する透明電極基板と、正の誘電率異方性を有す
るネマティック液晶をはさみ、ネマティック液晶分子長
軸が基板面に平行でかつ両基板面において900の角度
をなすように表面処理を施した一組の相対向する透明電
極基板とを重ねあわせた二層構造の液晶セルと、その前
後に取り付けた一対の偏光板とから構成される。The liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a liquid crystal material containing ion carriers, having negative dielectric anisotropy, and having molecular axes oriented in a helical structure, with the optical axis of the helical structure relative to the glass surface. A pair of transparent electrode substrates sandwiched in a substantially perpendicular direction and a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric constant anisotropy are sandwiched, and the long axis of the nematic liquid crystal molecules is parallel to the substrate surface. Consists of a liquid crystal cell with a two-layer structure in which a pair of opposing transparent electrode substrates are stacked on top of each other, the surfaces of which have been surface-treated to form an angle of 900° on both substrates, and a pair of polarizing plates attached before and after the cell. be done.
液晶分子配向のらせん構造の光軸がガラス面に対してほ
ぼ垂直の方向に配向するような構造は、ガラス面に特別
の表面処理を施すまでもなく、洗浄したガラスに液晶物
質をはさむだけで得られるが、ガラス面にラピング等の
平行配向処理を施すことは、より完全な配向を得るのに
効果的である。次に図面を参照して本発明を詳細に説明
する。A structure in which the optical axis of the helical structure of liquid crystal molecules is oriented in a direction almost perpendicular to the glass surface can be created by simply sandwiching the liquid crystal substance between cleaned glass without any special surface treatment on the glass surface. However, performing a parallel alignment process such as wrapping on the glass surface is effective in obtaining more perfect alignment. Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.
第1図は本発明の液晶表示装置の一実施例の構造を示す
断面図である。1は一対の偏光板で偏光方向は互にφの
角度をなしている。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a pair of polarizing plates whose polarization directions form an angle of φ with each other.
2,3はガラス板上に酸化インジウムを蒸着した一組の
透明電極基板であり、テフロンフイルムによつて間隔が
一定に保たれている。Reference numerals 2 and 3 designate a pair of transparent electrode substrates in which indium oxide is vapor-deposited on glass plates, and the distance between them is maintained constant by a Teflon film.
本実施例の場合は、電極基板2の間隔は約10μm、電
極基板3の間隔は約25μmである。特に電極基板2の
表面には表面処理が施してあり、その間にはさまれたパ
ラーブトキシベンジリデンーパラーアミノベンゾニトリ
ル、パラ−ヘキシルオキシベンジリデン−パラアミノベ
ンゾニトリル、パラ−オクタノイルオキシベンジリデン
−パラ−アミノベンゾニトリル、パラ−メトキシベンジ
リデン−パラ−ブチルアニリンをモル比で7リJャ開メ
F100の割合いで混合して得られる正の誘電率異方性
を有するネマテイツク液晶4は液晶分子長軸が電極基板
2の表面に平行でかつ両基板面において900の角度を
なすように配向している。電極基板2の表面処理は例え
ばラピング、斜め蒸着等によればよい。5は負の誘電率
異方性を有するネマテイツク液晶のパラ−メトキシベン
ジリデン−パラ−ブチルアニリンとコレステリツク液晶
のコレステリルーノナノエイトとを重量比で95:9の
割合いで混合し、さらに微量のイオンキヤリヤを添加し
た混合液晶であり、その分子長軸の配向はらせん構造を
とり、らせん構造の光軸は電極基板3の表面に対してほ
ぼ垂直の方向に配向している、6は電極基板2に電圧を
印加する電源であり、7は電極基板3に書込み用の直流
あるいは低周波交流電圧を印加する電源、8は消去用の
高周波交流電圧を印加する電源である。In this embodiment, the spacing between the electrode substrates 2 is about 10 μm, and the spacing between the electrode substrates 3 is about 25 μm. In particular, the surface of the electrode substrate 2 is surface-treated, and the sandwiched between para-butoxybenzylidene-para-aminobenzonitrile, para-hexyloxybenzylidene-para-aminobenzonitrile, and para-octanoyloxybenzylidene-para-amino Benzonitrile, para-methoxybenzylidene-para-butylaniline in a molar ratio of 7.
The nematic liquid crystal 4 having positive dielectric constant anisotropy obtained by mixing at a ratio of F100 is oriented so that the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to the surface of the electrode substrate 2 and forms an angle of 900 between the surfaces of both substrates. There is. The surface treatment of the electrode substrate 2 may be performed, for example, by wrapping, oblique vapor deposition, or the like. 5 is a mixture of para-methoxybenzylidene-para-butylaniline, a nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, and cholesteryl nano-nanoate, a cholesteric liquid crystal, in a weight ratio of 95:9, and a trace amount of ion carrier. The long axis of its molecules is oriented in a helical structure, and the optical axis of the helical structure is oriented in a direction almost perpendicular to the surface of the electrode substrate 3. A power source 7 applies a DC or low frequency AC voltage for writing to the electrode substrate 3, and a power source 8 applies a high frequency AC voltage for erasing.
本発明は発明者が見出した次のような実験事実に基づい
ている。The present invention is based on the following experimental facts discovered by the inventor.
第2図は第1図の透明電極基板3および液晶5から構成
される液晶セルを偏光方向のなす角度θが20成である
二枚の偏光板ではさんで、これに白色法を入射して透過
光強度の分光スペクトルを測定した結果てある。すなわ
ちこの状態では、一対の偏光板を通過する透過光は分光
スペクトルのピークを示す波長をあわせた色がついてみ
える。入射光側の偏光板を固定したままで透過光側の偏
光板を回転して同じ測定を行なうと、二枚の偏光板のな
す角度θの変化に従つて分光スペクトルのピークを示す
波長λが遷移することが見出された。第3図は波長λと
偏光板のなす角度θとの関係を示す。肉眼によると、偏
光板の一枚を回転するにつれて透過光の色相が紫から赤
に順次変化してゆくのが観察される。次に液晶セルに直
流あるいは低周波交流電圧を印加すると、あるしきい値
以上の電圧で液晶分子の配向が乱れその結果液晶セルを
通過した光はあらゆる方向に広がる散乱光となつて偏光
板のなす角度θによらず常に白くみえる。従つて偏光板
の回転によつて紫から赤に至る任意の色相を背景として
、あるしきい値以上の電圧を印加された電極のパターン
に従つて白色の文字、図形等を表示することができる。
本発明は電気的に偏光方向を90こ変化させることので
きる液晶セルを附加することによつて、電圧を印加する
か否かに従つて二種類の色相の切替えが電気的に行なえ
る機能を有する液晶表示装置である。次にこの機能を説
明する。まず電源7がオフの場合を考える。第1図の透
明電極2、液晶層4、電源6で構成されている液晶セル
はいわゆるTN型セルの構成をとつており、このセルは
電圧を印加しない時には入射した直線偏光の偏光面90
印回転して透過し、あるしきい値以上の電圧を印加した
時には入射した直線偏光をそのまま透過する。従つて偏
光板1のなす角度がφであるとすると電源6がオフの場
合には、透明電極3、液晶層5、電源7,8で構成され
る液晶セルは(φ−90電)の角度をなす偏光板に挟ま
れているのと等価になり、第3図でθ一φ−90れに相
当するθに対する波長λのあわさつた色相に見え、電源
6がオンの場合にはφの角度をなす偏光板に挟まれてい
ることになり、第3図のθ=φに対する波長λのあわさ
つた色相に見える。次に電源7がオンであるしきい値以
上の直流または低周波交流電圧が透明電極3に印加され
ている場合を考えると、この場合には前にも述べたよう
に液晶層5は光散乱状態にあり、偏光板の角度、従つて
電源6のオンオフにもかかわらず常に白色に見える。す
なわち、本発明の構成によれば電源7によつてあるしき
い値以上の直流あるいは低周波交流電圧を印加された電
極のパターンに従つて、ある色相の背景に白色の文字、
図形等を表示することができ、その背景の色相は電源6
のオンオフによつて二種類の切替えが可能である。また
この二種類の色相の組合わせは偏光板の一枚を回転する
ことによつて任意に選ぶことができる。なお表示された
パターンは電源7によつて印加された直流あるいは低周
波交流電圧を除去した後も数力月以上蓄積されこの表示
パターンは電源8によつてあるしきい値以上の高周波交
流電圧を印加することによつて随時消去することができ
る。本発明の液晶表示装置に応用した蓄積型電気光学効
果はプレーナ組織の光透過率が高い等の理由によつて、
前述の正の誘電率異方性を有する液晶物質を垂直配向処
理を施した電極基板間に充填したセルにおける蓄積型電
気光学効果に比べて高いコントラストが得られるという
特長を有している。また、後者の蓄積型電気光学効果に
おいては画像を蓄積させる際に一時的に画像が消滅する
のに比べ、本発明に応用した蓄積型電気光学効果におい
ては、そのような不都合がなく良質な蓄積画像表示が得
られる。透明電極3のパターンはセグメント形式、マト
リクス形式を含む任意の形状のパターンにすることが可
能である。また透明電極2は全面電極であつてもよいし
、任意の形状のパターンにしてもよい。後者の場合には
同一画面内で二種類の色相を同時にだすこともできる。
なお表示の高コントラストを得るために背後に照明器具
を設置することが有効であることは勿論である。以上に
述べたように、本発明の液晶表示装置は製造が簡単であ
り、紫から赤に至る任意の色相と白色とによる高コント
ラストの表示が可能で、良質の蓄積画像表示を行なうこ
とができる。Figure 2 shows a liquid crystal cell consisting of the transparent electrode substrate 3 and liquid crystal 5 in Figure 1, sandwiched between two polarizing plates whose polarization directions form an angle θ of 20, and a white light beam being incident on this. These are the results of measuring the spectrum of transmitted light intensity. That is, in this state, the transmitted light passing through the pair of polarizing plates appears to have a color that matches the wavelength that indicates the peak of the optical spectrum. If the same measurement is performed by rotating the polarizing plate on the transmitted light side while keeping the polarizing plate on the incident light side fixed, the wavelength λ indicating the peak of the spectroscopic spectrum will change as the angle θ between the two polarizing plates changes. It was found that there is a transition. FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the wavelength λ and the angle θ formed by the polarizing plate. According to the naked eye, it is observed that as one of the polarizing plates is rotated, the hue of the transmitted light changes sequentially from violet to red. Next, when a DC or low-frequency AC voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is disturbed when the voltage exceeds a certain threshold.As a result, the light that has passed through the liquid crystal cell becomes scattered light that spreads in all directions, and the polarizing plate It always looks white regardless of the angle θ. Therefore, by rotating the polarizing plate, white characters, figures, etc. can be displayed against a background of any hue from purple to red, according to the pattern of the electrodes to which a voltage above a certain threshold is applied. .
By adding a liquid crystal cell that can electrically change the polarization direction by 90 degrees, the present invention has a function that allows electrical switching between two types of hue depending on whether or not a voltage is applied. This is a liquid crystal display device with This function will be explained next. First, consider the case where the power supply 7 is off. The liquid crystal cell composed of the transparent electrode 2, the liquid crystal layer 4, and the power source 6 shown in FIG.
When a voltage higher than a certain threshold value is applied, the incident linearly polarized light is transmitted as is. Therefore, assuming that the angle formed by the polarizing plate 1 is φ, when the power source 6 is off, the liquid crystal cell composed of the transparent electrode 3, the liquid crystal layer 5, and the power sources 7 and 8 forms an angle of (φ-90 volts). It is equivalent to being sandwiched between polarizing plates forming This means that the light is sandwiched between the polarizing plates that form the shape, and the hue appears to be a warm hue of the wavelength λ for θ=φ in FIG. Next, consider the case where the power supply 7 is on and a DC or low frequency AC voltage higher than the threshold voltage is applied to the transparent electrode 3. In this case, as mentioned above, the liquid crystal layer 5 will scatter light. The color always appears white regardless of the angle of the polarizing plate or whether the power source 6 is turned on or off. That is, according to the configuration of the present invention, according to the pattern of the electrodes to which a DC or low frequency AC voltage of a certain threshold value or more is applied by the power source 7, white characters,
It is possible to display figures, etc., and the hue of the background is set to 6
Two types of switching are possible by turning on and off. Furthermore, the combination of these two types of hues can be arbitrarily selected by rotating one of the polarizing plates. Note that the displayed pattern is accumulated for several months or more even after the DC or low frequency AC voltage applied by the power source 7 is removed, and this display pattern is maintained even after the DC or low frequency AC voltage applied by the power source 7 is removed. It can be erased at any time by applying the voltage. The storage electro-optic effect applied to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is due to the high light transmittance of the planar structure.
It has the advantage that a higher contrast can be obtained compared to the accumulation type electro-optic effect in a cell in which a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric constant anisotropy is filled between vertically aligned electrode substrates. Furthermore, compared to the latter storage type electro-optic effect, in which the image disappears temporarily when the image is stored, the storage type electro-optic effect applied to the present invention does not have such inconveniences and can be stored in high quality. An image display is obtained. The pattern of the transparent electrode 3 can be any pattern including a segment format and a matrix format. Further, the transparent electrode 2 may be a full-surface electrode, or may be formed into a pattern of any shape. In the latter case, two types of hues can be displayed simultaneously on the same screen.
It goes without saying that it is effective to install lighting equipment behind the display in order to obtain high contrast in the display. As described above, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is easy to manufacture, is capable of high-contrast display with white and arbitrary hues ranging from purple to red, and is capable of displaying high-quality accumulated images. .
また色相は偏光板の一枚を回転することによつて容易に
変化させることができる。Further, the hue can be easily changed by rotating one polarizing plate.
第1図は本発明の液晶表示装置の一実施例の構造を示す
断面図であり、1は一対の偏光板、2,3は透明電極基
板、4,5は液晶層、6,7,8は電圧を印加する電源
である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, in which 1 is a pair of polarizing plates, 2 and 3 are transparent electrode substrates, 4 and 5 are liquid crystal layers, and 6, 7, 8 is a power source that applies voltage.
Claims (1)
み、負の誘電率異方性を有し、分子軸の配向がらせん構
造をとるような液晶物質を充填したセルと、相対向する
透明電極基板の間に正の誘電率異方性を有するネマティ
ック液晶をその分子長軸が基板面に平行で、かつ両基板
面において90°の角度をなすように充填したセルとを
重ね合わせて構成した二層構造の液晶セルと、その前後
に取り付けた一対の偏光板と、前記液晶セルに電圧を印
加する電源とから成る液晶表示装置。1 A cell filled with a liquid crystal material containing ion carriers between opposing transparent electrode substrates, having negative dielectric constant anisotropy, and whose molecular axes are oriented in a helical structure, and transparent electrodes opposing each other. It is constructed by overlapping cells filled with nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric constant anisotropy between substrates so that the long axis of the molecules is parallel to the substrate surface and forms an angle of 90° between both substrate surfaces. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell with a two-layer structure, a pair of polarizing plates attached before and after the cell, and a power source that applies voltage to the liquid crystal cell.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP14798875A JPS5916251B2 (en) | 1975-12-11 | 1975-12-11 | exiyouhiyoujisouchi |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP14798875A JPS5916251B2 (en) | 1975-12-11 | 1975-12-11 | exiyouhiyoujisouchi |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5271260A JPS5271260A (en) | 1977-06-14 |
JPS5916251B2 true JPS5916251B2 (en) | 1984-04-14 |
Family
ID=15442612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP14798875A Expired JPS5916251B2 (en) | 1975-12-11 | 1975-12-11 | exiyouhiyoujisouchi |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5916251B2 (en) |
-
1975
- 1975-12-11 JP JP14798875A patent/JPS5916251B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5271260A (en) | 1977-06-14 |
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