JPS59160061A - Piston for internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Piston for internal-combustion engine

Info

Publication number
JPS59160061A
JPS59160061A JP3296883A JP3296883A JPS59160061A JP S59160061 A JPS59160061 A JP S59160061A JP 3296883 A JP3296883 A JP 3296883A JP 3296883 A JP3296883 A JP 3296883A JP S59160061 A JPS59160061 A JP S59160061A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
piston
porous layer
engine
cylinder head
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP3296883A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tsunekazu Udagawa
宇田川 恒和
Seiji Hiramatsu
平松 靖次
Susumu Inamura
稲村 進
Motoyasu Kanehara
金原 源泰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ishikawa Gasket Co Ltd
Isuzu Motors Ltd
Original Assignee
Ishikawa Gasket Co Ltd
Isuzu Motors Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ishikawa Gasket Co Ltd, Isuzu Motors Ltd filed Critical Ishikawa Gasket Co Ltd
Priority to JP3296883A priority Critical patent/JPS59160061A/en
Publication of JPS59160061A publication Critical patent/JPS59160061A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/10Pistons  having surface coverings
    • F02F3/12Pistons  having surface coverings on piston heads
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce a dead space as well as the smoke of exhaust gas by a method wherein a porous layer is provided on the top of the main body of the piston for the direct-injection type diesel engine by a material having elastic power and excellent in heat resistant property. CONSTITUTION:The top 4a of the piston 4 is formed with the recess 7 of a combustion chamber 6 while the porous layer 8 of elastic foamed metal is provided integrally on the top of the piston around the recess in such a manner that it is abutted against the lower surface 3a of a cylinder head 3. When the piston 4 is risen and arrives at the position of the upper dead point thereof, the porous layer 8 at the top of the piston collides against or contacts with the lower surface 3a of the cylinder head 3, however, the porous layer 8 is pressed and deformed. In this case, the voids of the porous layer 8 are filled with carbon in combustion gas and the layer reduces dead volume since the material thereof becomes dense. According to this method, the smoke of the exhaust gas of the engine may be reduced and the output of the engine may be increased.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 更に詳しくは直噴式ディーゼル機関等の内燃機関におり
るピストンの上死点位置において、シリンダヘッドとピ
ストン頂部とのトップクリアランスをできるだけ減少し
て燃焼不完全ボリューム(所謂デッドボリューム)を極
力減少させ、機関の排気スモークの減少、及び機関の出
力の向上を図るようにしたピストンの改良に関するもの
である。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] More specifically, at the top dead center position of a piston in an internal combustion engine such as a direct injection diesel engine, the top clearance between the cylinder head and the top of the piston is reduced as much as possible to reduce incomplete combustion volume (so-called dead volume). This invention relates to an improvement to a piston that aims to reduce engine volume (volume) as much as possible, reduce engine exhaust smoke, and improve engine output.

従来、直鳴式ディーゼル機関等の内燃機関においては、
ピストンの頂部とシリンダヘッドの下面との間に配設さ
れるヘンドガスケソトの締付時の厚さのバラツキや、ピ
ストン、ピストンピン、コンロッド、クランクシャフト
等の寸法上のトレランスの積算誤差米考慮した場合、ト
ップクリアランスは0.6〜1.″01111程度に取
るのが普通である。
Conventionally, in internal combustion engines such as direct-sounding diesel engines,
When taking into account the variation in the thickness of the hend gasket installed between the top of the piston and the bottom of the cylinder head when tightening, and the accumulated error in the dimensional tolerances of the piston, piston pin, connecting rod, crankshaft, etc. , top clearance is 0.6 to 1. It is normal to take it to about 01111.

第1図は従来の内燃機関の燃焼室の部分を示す断面図を
示し、シリンダ1 (シリンダボディ)の上面にヘンド
ガスケソト2を介在させてシリンダヘッド3を積層し、
これらの全体をボルト(図示せず)で締付けて一体とし
ていた。
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the combustion chamber of a conventional internal combustion engine, in which a cylinder head 3 is stacked on the upper surface of a cylinder 1 (cylinder body) with a hend gasket 2 interposed therebetween.
These were all tied together with bolts (not shown).

そしてこのシリンダ1のボア1aの内部には、ピストン
4が挿入され、更に前記シリンダヘッド3に燃料噴射弁
5が設けられて、燃焼室6内に燃料を噴射する゛ように
なっている。
A piston 4 is inserted into the bore 1a of the cylinder 1, and a fuel injection valve 5 is provided in the cylinder head 3 to inject fuel into a combustion chamber 6.

上述のように、リングヘッド3の下面とピストン4の上
面との間にトップクリアランスhが必然的に生じている
と、図中においてDで示した部分が燃焼不完全部分(所
謂デッドボリューム)となり、このデッドボリュームD
の大きさに応じて圧縮率が低下すると共に、燃焼効率の
向上を妨げる結果となって、不完全燃焼を生じ排気を悪
化するという問題があった。
As mentioned above, if a top clearance h inevitably occurs between the lower surface of the ring head 3 and the upper surface of the piston 4, the part indicated by D in the figure becomes an incomplete combustion part (so-called dead volume). , this dead volume D
There is a problem in that the compression ratio decreases depending on the size of the fuel, and as a result, the improvement in combustion efficiency is hindered, resulting in incomplete combustion and deterioration of exhaust gas.

従って機関の燃焼効率を向上するためには、上記デッド
ボリュームの部分をできるだけ減少させることが望まし
いことは明らかである。
Therefore, in order to improve the combustion efficiency of the engine, it is clear that it is desirable to reduce the dead volume portion as much as possible.

特に、小排気量の直噴式ディーゼル機関においては、前
記したデッドボリュームが存在することによる弊害が著
しく、排気スモークの増大、および機関出力の低下の原
因となっている。
In particular, in a small displacement direct-injection diesel engine, the presence of the above-mentioned dead volume has a significant adverse effect, causing an increase in exhaust smoke and a decrease in engine output.

また上記ピストンの上死点位置において、ピストンとシ
リンダヘッドとの間隙を小さくする為に、ピストンの頂
部に耐熱性材料により断熱層を形成したもの(例えば実
開昭57−52.実開昭57−178148.実開昭5
7−21/169号公報)が提案されているが、係る従
来のものにあっては、ピストン頂部の単なる断熱層であ
ったり、またピストン頂部の材質が固いためにピストン
頂部が簡単に変形しない構造となっていたため、機関の
作動時にピストンがシリンダヘッドの下面と激突して機
関が損傷するという危険があった。
In addition, in order to reduce the gap between the piston and the cylinder head at the top dead center position of the piston, a heat insulating layer is formed on the top of the piston using a heat-resistant material (for example, Utility Model No. 57-52. -178148. Jitsukaisho 5
7-21/169), but in such conventional methods, the piston top is simply a heat insulating layer, or the piston top is made of a hard material, so the piston top does not easily deform. Because of this structure, there was a risk that the piston would collide with the underside of the cylinder head when the engine was operating, causing damage to the engine.

この発明は、係る従来の問題点に着目して案出されたも
ので、その目的とするところは内燃機関のピストン本体
の上死点位置におけるピストン本体と、シリンダヘッド
との間のデッドボリュームをできるだけ減少させて、機
関スモークの減少及び機関出力の向上を図ることが出来
る内燃機関のピストンを提供するものである。
This invention was devised by focusing on the conventional problems, and its purpose is to reduce the dead volume between the piston body and the cylinder head at the top dead center position of the piston body of an internal combustion engine. To provide a piston for an internal combustion engine that can reduce engine smoke as much as possible and improve engine output.

この発明は上記目的を達成するため、内燃機関のシリン
ダ内を摺動し、かつ機関の燃焼室を区画形成するピスト
ンにおいて、前記ピストン本体の頂部に、弾性力を有し
、かつ耐熱性に冨む材料により多孔質層を形成し、前記
機関の作動時にシリンダヘッドの下面に当接して燃焼室
内の間隙を減少させるように構成したこと要旨とするも
のである。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a piston that slides in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine and defines a combustion chamber of the engine. The porous layer is formed of a material containing a porous material, and the porous layer contacts the lower surface of the cylinder head during operation of the engine to reduce the gap in the combustion chamber.

以下添付図面に基いて、この発明の詳細な説明する。The present invention will be described in detail below based on the accompanying drawings.

なお第1図において説明した従来例と同一構成部品は同
一符号を付して説明は省略する。
Components that are the same as those of the conventional example explained in FIG.

第2図はこの発明に係るピストン4の第1実施例を示し
、このピストン4 (以下ピストン本体4と言う)の頂
部4aには、その中央に燃焼室6を構成する凹部7が形
成され、また燃焼室6を中心としてその周囲には、機関
の作動時にシリンダヘッド3の下面3aに当接、又は接
触する弾性力を有する金属材料(発泡金属)で形成され
た多孔質層8が一体的に形成されている。
FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a piston 4 according to the present invention, in which a recess 7 constituting a combustion chamber 6 is formed in the center of the top 4a of the piston 4 (hereinafter referred to as the piston body 4). Furthermore, around the combustion chamber 6, there is integrally formed a porous layer 8 made of a metal material (foamed metal) having an elastic force that comes into contact with the lower surface 3a of the cylinder head 3 during engine operation. is formed.

上記多孔質層8の成形方法としては、例えば従来公知の
「溶解度差法」、「粉末冶金法」。
Examples of methods for forming the porous layer 8 include the conventionally known "differential solubility method" and "powder metallurgy method."

「溶湯直竣混合法」、「無重力混合法」等により、一定
の厚さで、且つ所定の形状に成形するものである。そし
て、このように成形された多孔質層8を、ピストン本体
4を製造する鋳型の内部に配置しておき溶融された所定
の金属を鋳込んで、上記多孔質層8とピストン本体4と
を一体的に成形するものである。
It is molded into a predetermined shape with a constant thickness by a "molten metal direct mixing method" or a "zero gravity mixing method". The porous layer 8 formed in this way is placed inside a mold for manufacturing the piston body 4, and a predetermined molten metal is poured into the mold to form the porous layer 8 and the piston body 4. It is integrally molded.

また第3図〜第6図は、この発明の他の実施例を示し、
第3図はピストン本体4の頂部4aに多孔質層8aを溶
射したり、焼結等により成形したものである。また第4
図は、ピストン本体40頂部4aに層状の柔軟材を固定
し、多孔質層8bとしたものである。
Further, FIGS. 3 to 6 show other embodiments of the present invention,
In FIG. 3, a porous layer 8a is formed on the top 4a of the piston body 4 by thermal spraying, sintering, or the like. Also the fourth
In the figure, a layered flexible material is fixed to the top 4a of the piston body 40 to form a porous layer 8b.

更に第5図及び第6図は、ピストン本体4の頂部4aに
、圧縮材料により多孔質層8c、8dを溶接、又は接着
剤9により一体形成した実施例であって、第5図の実施
例はピストン本体4の頂部4aに凹部10を形成してお
き、この凹部10に発泡金属により所定の厚さの圧縮さ
れた多孔質層8cを溶接により固着したものである。
Further, FIGS. 5 and 6 show an embodiment in which porous layers 8c and 8d made of compressed material are integrally formed on the top 4a of the piston body 4 by welding or adhesive 9, and the embodiment shown in FIG. A recess 10 is formed in the top 4a of the piston body 4, and a compressed porous layer 8c of a predetermined thickness made of foamed metal is fixed to the recess 10 by welding.

また第6図は、多孔質層8dを構成する圧縮材料として
、金属繊維或いは耐熱性のある材料(例えばセラミック
から成る繊維によって製造された織布、又はフェルト)
により構成されたものであって、このように成形された
多孔質層8dを接着剤9により装着したものである。
FIG. 6 also shows that the compressed material constituting the porous layer 8d is a metal fiber or a heat-resistant material (for example, a woven fabric made of ceramic fiber or felt).
The porous layer 8d thus formed is attached using an adhesive 9.

次に第7図及び第8図に基づき作用について説明する。Next, the operation will be explained based on FIGS. 7 and 8.

先ずピストン本体4が第7図に示す状態から上昇して第
8図に示す上死点位置に達すると、ピストン本体4の頂
部4aに於ける多孔質N8がシリンダヘッド3の下面3
aに衝突、或いは接触するが、この際、多孔質層8の上
端部はピストン本体4とシリンダヘッド3の下面3aと
の間で押圧されて変形する。この際、多孔質層8を構成
する空隙部11に燃焼ガス中のカーボンが充填されるこ
とにより、実質的に多孔質層8を構成する材料が密の状
態となって、デッドボリュームDを減少させることがで
きるものである。
First, when the piston body 4 rises from the state shown in FIG. 7 and reaches the top dead center position shown in FIG.
a, but at this time, the upper end of the porous layer 8 is pressed between the piston body 4 and the lower surface 3a of the cylinder head 3 and deforms. At this time, by filling the voids 11 that make up the porous layer 8 with carbon in the combustion gas, the material that makes up the porous layer 8 becomes substantially dense, reducing the dead volume D. It is something that can be done.

この結果、燃焼効率を著しく向上出来るのである。As a result, combustion efficiency can be significantly improved.

この発明は上記のように、内燃機関のシリンダ内を摺動
し、かつ機関の燃焼室を区画形成するピストンにおいて
、前記ピストン本体の頂部に、弾性力を有し、かつ耐熱
性に富む材料により多孔質層を形成し、前記機関の作動
時にシリンダヘッドの下面に当接して燃焼室内の間隙を
減少させるように構成したため、燃焼室内のデッドボリ
ュームが減少し、機関の排気スモークの減少、及び機関
の出力の向上を図ることが出来る効果がある。
As described above, in a piston that slides in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine and defines a combustion chamber of the engine, the top of the piston body is made of a material having elastic force and high heat resistance. The porous layer is formed so that it comes into contact with the lower surface of the cylinder head when the engine is operating, reducing the gap in the combustion chamber, thereby reducing the dead volume in the combustion chamber, reducing engine exhaust smoke, and reducing engine exhaust smoke. This has the effect of improving the output.

また構成が簡単であるため、安価に製作できるとともに
メンテナンスも容易である。
Moreover, since the structure is simple, it can be manufactured at low cost and maintenance is also easy.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は従来のピストンを使用した内燃機関の燃焼室を
示す要部断面図、第2図はこの発明に係るピストンの断
面図、第3図〜第6図はピストン本体の他の実施例を示
す断面図、第7図及び第8図はピストンの作動状態を示
す要部断面図である。 1・ ・シリンダ 3・・シリンダヘッド 3a・・シリンダヘッドの下面 4・・ピストン(ピストン本体) 4a・・ピストンの頂部 6・・燃焼室 8・・多孔’JR,層 代理人 弁理士 小 川 信 − 弁理士 野 口 賢 照 弁理士斎下和彦 第1図 第3図 第2図 第4図
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine using a conventional piston, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a piston according to the present invention, and Figs. 3 to 6 are other embodiments of the piston body. FIGS. 7 and 8 are cross-sectional views of main parts showing the operating state of the piston. 1. Cylinder 3... Cylinder head 3a... Bottom surface of cylinder head 4... Piston (piston body) 4a... Top of piston 6... Combustion chamber 8... Porous 'JR, layer agent, patent attorney Shin Ogawa - Patent Attorney Ken Noguchi Teru Patent Attorney Kazuhiko Saishita Figure 1 Figure 3 Figure 2 Figure 4

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 内燃機関のシリンダ内を摺動し、かつ機関の燃焼室を区
画形成するピストンにおいて、前記ピストン本体の頂部
に、弾性力を有し、かつ耐熱性に冨む祠料により多孔質
層を形成し、前記機関の作動時にシリンダヘッドの下面
に当接して燃焼室内の間隙を減少させるように構成した
ことを特徴とする内燃機関のピストン。
In a piston that slides in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine and defines a combustion chamber of the engine, a porous layer is formed on the top of the piston body using an abrasive material that has elasticity and is highly heat resistant. A piston for an internal combustion engine, characterized in that the piston is configured to abut against a lower surface of a cylinder head during operation of the engine to reduce a gap within a combustion chamber.
JP3296883A 1983-03-02 1983-03-02 Piston for internal-combustion engine Pending JPS59160061A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3296883A JPS59160061A (en) 1983-03-02 1983-03-02 Piston for internal-combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3296883A JPS59160061A (en) 1983-03-02 1983-03-02 Piston for internal-combustion engine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59160061A true JPS59160061A (en) 1984-09-10

Family

ID=12373702

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3296883A Pending JPS59160061A (en) 1983-03-02 1983-03-02 Piston for internal-combustion engine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59160061A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3530805A1 (en) * 1985-08-29 1987-03-12 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Method for minimising the dead space in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
US5970946A (en) * 1997-11-18 1999-10-26 Shea; Patrick R. Non-annular piston bowl for two-valve engines using offset injectors
WO2003008778A3 (en) * 2001-07-18 2003-11-06 Gvp Ges Zur Vermarktung Der Po Method and machine for burning fuel

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3530805A1 (en) * 1985-08-29 1987-03-12 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Method for minimising the dead space in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
US5970946A (en) * 1997-11-18 1999-10-26 Shea; Patrick R. Non-annular piston bowl for two-valve engines using offset injectors
WO2003008778A3 (en) * 2001-07-18 2003-11-06 Gvp Ges Zur Vermarktung Der Po Method and machine for burning fuel

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