JPS59104008A - Fluidized-bed combustion method - Google Patents
Fluidized-bed combustion methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPS59104008A JPS59104008A JP21279282A JP21279282A JPS59104008A JP S59104008 A JPS59104008 A JP S59104008A JP 21279282 A JP21279282 A JP 21279282A JP 21279282 A JP21279282 A JP 21279282A JP S59104008 A JPS59104008 A JP S59104008A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fluidized
- fuel
- medium
- fluidized bed
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/002—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus for pulverulent solid fuel
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、流動床を形成する流動媒体に粉体燃料を供給
して燃焼させる流動床燃焼方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fluidized bed combustion method in which powdered fuel is supplied to a fluidized medium forming a fluidized bed and combusted.
流動床燃焼方法は、燃焼炉内での燃料粒子の混合、燃料
粒子と流動媒体間の接触が非常によいこと、燃焼炉の熱
容量が大きく、流動床内温度が均一に保持できること及
び燃料粒子を連続的に処理できる等の利点によシ、工業
用に広く使用されている。The fluidized bed combustion method is characterized by the fact that the fuel particles are mixed in the combustion furnace, the contact between the fuel particles and the fluidized medium is very good, the heat capacity of the combustion furnace is large, the temperature inside the fluidized bed can be maintained uniformly, and the fuel particles are It is widely used for industrial purposes due to its advantages such as continuous processing.
先づ、従来の流動床燃焼装置および燃焼方法を第１図に
基づいて説明する。流動床（０１）を内部に有し、断熱
耐火材からなる炉壁（０２）の下部には、燃料供給ノズ
ル（０３）が最付けられ、石炭、木屑、オイルコークス
などの粉体燃料（０４）を供給する。炉壁（０２）の最
下部には送気管（０５）が取付けられ、燃焼用空気（０
６）が送気管（０５）を経て流動床（０１）の底部に配
置された分散板（０７）を通して供給される。ここで分
散板（０７）は多孔板からなシ、燃焼用空気（０６）を
均一に流動床（０１）へ吹き込む作用をし、分散板（０
７）の上で流動床燃焼が行われる。まだ、分散板（０７
）を貫通し、炉壁（０２）の底部を経て炉外に達する抜
き出し管（０８）が取付けられており、流動床（ＯＪ）
で燃焼した灰が抜き出し管（０８）から抜き出される。First, a conventional fluidized bed combustion apparatus and combustion method will be explained based on FIG. A fuel supply nozzle (03) is installed at the bottom of the furnace wall (02), which has a fluidized bed (01) inside and is made of a heat-insulating refractory material, to supply powdered fuel (04) such as coal, wood chips, and oil coke. ). An air supply pipe (05) is attached to the lowest part of the furnace wall (02) to supply combustion air (0
6) is supplied via an air pipe (05) through a distribution plate (07) placed at the bottom of the fluidized bed (01). Here, the dispersion plate (07) is not a perforated plate, but acts to uniformly blow the combustion air (06) into the fluidized bed (01).
Fluidized bed combustion is carried out above 7). Still, the dispersion plate (07
), an extraction pipe (08) is installed that reaches outside the furnace through the bottom of the furnace wall (02), and the fluidized bed (OJ)
The ash burned in is extracted from the extraction pipe (08).
なお、抜き出し管（０８）の管路にはロータリバルブ（
０９）が設けられており、灰を定量搬出できるようにな
っている。一方、燃焼供給ノズル（０３）の上方の炉壁
（０２）には、配管（０１０）が取付けられ、砂、石灰
石、焼成ドロマイト（苫灰石）などの粉粒体からなる流
動媒体（ｏｎ）を供給する。更に、炉壁（０２）におけ
る前記配管（０１０）と対称位置にオイル焚のバーナか
らなる始動バーナ（０１２）が取付けられ、燃焼始動時
に使用する。In addition, a rotary valve (
09) is installed to allow a fixed amount of ash to be transported. On the other hand, a pipe (010) is attached to the furnace wall (02) above the combustion supply nozzle (03), and a fluidized medium (on) made of powder such as sand, limestone, and calcined dolomite (lomite) is installed. supply. Further, a starting burner (012) consisting of an oil-fired burner is installed at a position symmetrical to the piping (010) on the furnace wall (02), and is used when starting combustion.
上述のように、流動床（ｏｌ）において、粉体燃料（０
４）を流動媒体（０１１）で燃焼するが、流動床（０１
）における流動媒体（Ｏｌｔ）と粉体燃料（０４）との
割合は、９：１程度であシ、流動媒体（０１１）が圧倒
的に多いのである。As mentioned above, in a fluidized bed (OL), powdered fuel (0
4) is combusted in a fluidized medium (011), but the fluidized bed (01
), the ratio of the fluidized medium (Olt) to the powdered fuel (04) is about 9:1, and the fluidized medium (011) is overwhelmingly large.
前記のような従来の流動床燃焼装置の作用を説明する。The operation of the conventional fluidized bed combustion apparatus as described above will be explained.
流動床（０１）に流動媒体（ｏｎ）を１〜２ｍ層高に供
給後、石炭や重油を少量加え々がら始動バーナ（０１２
）で６００℃程度に昇温し、粉体燃料（０４）を着火さ
せる。着火後は始動バーナ（０１２）を消火し、粉体燃
料（０４）を定量供給する。After supplying the fluidized medium (on) to the fluidized bed (01) to a bed height of 1 to 2 m, start the burner (012) while adding a small amount of coal or heavy oil.
) to raise the temperature to about 600°C and ignite the powdered fuel (04). After ignition, the starting burner (012) is extinguished and a fixed amount of powdered fuel (04) is supplied.
燃焼用空気（０６）は分散板（０７）を介して流動床（
０１）に均一供給する。流動媒体（０１１）に流動床（
０１）から飛散し減少するので、配管（０１０）から供
給する。Combustion air (06) is passed through a distribution plate (07) to a fluidized bed (
01). A fluidized bed (
Since it scatters from the pipe (01) and decreases, it is supplied from the pipe (010).
燃焼した灰は抜き出し管（０８）から搬出する。The burned ash is carried out through the extraction pipe (08).
ここで前記のように定常燃焼時には、流動媒体（０１１
）と粉体燃料（０４）の割合は９：１程度である。また
、流動媒体（０１１）と粉体燃料（ｏ４）は、はぼ同じ
粒径分布であり、両者が良好に混合することが前提であ
る。Here, as mentioned above, during steady combustion, the fluidized medium (011
) and powdered fuel (04) is about 9:1. Further, it is assumed that the fluid medium (011) and the powdered fuel (o4) have almost the same particle size distribution and can be mixed well.
前記のような従来の燃焼方法には下記の欠点があった。The conventional combustion method as described above has the following drawbacks.
（１）始動時に、層高が１〜２ｍ程度の多量の流動媒体
（０１１） 乞加温昇温する必要があり、始動バーナ（
０１２）の燃料が多量に必要である。(1) At the time of starting, it is necessary to heat up a large amount of fluidized medium (011) with a bed height of about 1 to 2 m, and the starting burner (
012) requires a large amount of fuel.
（２）流動媒体（ｏｉｉ）の昇温時間乞短縮するために
始動バーナ（０１２）で加熱時に、粉体燃料（ｏ４）の
石炭や重油を添加すると、ＣＯなどの未燃ガスやタール
が発生する。(2) If powdered fuel (O4) such as coal or heavy oil is added during heating with the starting burner (012) in order to shorten the temperature rise time of the fluidized medium (OII), unburned gas such as CO and tar will be generated. do.
（３）粉体燃料（０４）に含有する灰分゛が流動床（０
１）内に蓄積すると、やがて流動媒体（０１１）と混合
し、粒径分布が変化し、層内の温度分布が変化してい（
。(3) The ash contained in the powdered fuel (04) is
1), it eventually mixes with the fluidizing medium (011), changing the particle size distribution and changing the temperature distribution in the layer (
.
（４）流動媒体（０１１）も燃焼中に飛散するため、配
管（０１０）から流動媒体（ｏｌｔ）を流動床（０１）
へ補給する必要がある。(4) Since the fluidized medium (011) also scatters during combustion, the fluidized medium (olt) is transferred from the pipe (010) to the fluidized bed (01).
It is necessary to replenish.
（５）始動時に、流動媒体（０１１）の粒径は、粉体燃
料（０４）と同程度の場合が一般的であり、両者を任意
に分離できなかった。(5) At the time of startup, the particle size of the fluidized medium (011) is generally about the same as that of the powdered fuel (04), and the two cannot be arbitrarily separated.
本発明は前記従来の欠点を解決するためになされたもの
で、初期着火が容易で燃焼効率がよく、未燃ガスやター
ルなどの発生が少ない流動層燃焼方法を提供することを
目的とする。The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fluidized bed combustion method that allows easy initial ignition, has good combustion efficiency, and generates less unburned gas and tar.
前記目的を達成するために、本発明は、粉体燃料を流動
床燃焼炉で燃焼させるに当たり、粉体燃料の粒径より大
きい粒径の流動媒体を定常燃焼時の流動床の層高より薄
い層となるよう流動床燃焼炉の分散板上に敷き、次いで
着火バーナにより前記流動媒体を加熱、昇温させ、次い
で前記流動媒体の層上に前記粉体燃料？供給することを
特徴とする燃焼方法を提供している。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for burning powdered fuel in a fluidized bed combustion furnace by using a fluidized medium having a particle size larger than the particle size of the powdered fuel. The pulverized fuel is placed in a layer on the distribution plate of a fluidized bed combustion furnace, and then the fluidized medium is heated and heated by an ignition burner, and then the powdered fuel is spread on the bed of the fluidized medium. The present invention provides a combustion method characterized by supplying.
前記燃焼方法において、−例として、粒度が３〜ｉｏｍ
、程度の粉体燃料より流動媒体の粒径な太き（シ、起動
時の流動媒体を１０〜１００ｍｍ程度の薄い層にして分
散板の上に敷く。ついで粒径の拐い流動媒体を６００℃
程度に加熱し、粉体燃料の自然温度である９００℃程度
に到達後、粉体燃料な供給し着火させることを特徴とす
る。In the combustion method, - by way of example, the particle size is between 3 and iom
The particle size of the fluidized medium is thicker than that of the powdered fuel of about 10 to 100 mm. ℃
After heating the fuel to a certain temperature and reaching the natural temperature of the powdered fuel, which is about 900°C, the powdered fuel is supplied and ignited.
本発明は提供する燃焼方法によれば、流動媒体の粒径を
粉体燃料の粒径より大きくすることにより、粉体燃料だ
けが流動床の上層部で燃焼するようになり、両者が完全
に混合しないので流動媒体のみを炉底から分離抜き出す
ことがでる。従って、粉体燃料着火後、流動媒体を抜き
出し保存することにより、流動媒体の再使用が可能にな
る。According to the combustion method provided by the present invention, by making the particle size of the fluidized medium larger than the particle size of the powdered fuel, only the powdered fuel is combusted in the upper layer of the fluidized bed, and both are completely burned. Since there is no mixing, only the fluidized medium can be separated and extracted from the bottom of the furnace. Therefore, by extracting and storing the fluid medium after igniting the powdered fuel, it becomes possible to reuse the fluid medium.
また粉体燃料の初期着火時には、流動媒体で加熱するた
め、バーナで初期着火する際、多量のＣＯ等の未燃ガス
やタールの発生が防止できる。Furthermore, since the powdered fuel is heated with a fluid medium during initial ignition, generation of a large amount of unburned gas such as CO or tar can be prevented during initial ignition with a burner.
更に、粉体燃料に灰分、砂分な流動媒体として利用する
ことにより、新たな流動媒体の補給が不要になる。Furthermore, by using ash and sand as a fluidizing medium for powdered fuel, there is no need to replenish a new fluidizing medium.
なお、燃焼用空気速度は粉体燃料が流動化するのに充分
であるように２〜２ｍ／秒程度に定め、流動媒体は流動
化が不充分な程度とすることによリ、流動床の上層部で
燃焼するように調節する。In addition, the combustion air velocity is set at about 2 to 2 m/sec to be sufficient to fluidize the powdered fuel, and the fluidized medium is set to a level that does not sufficiently fluidize the fluidized bed. Adjust so that it burns in the upper layer.
次に、本発明ケ実施例について図面と共に説明する。Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第２図ないし第４図において、（１）は砂、石灰石など
の不燃性粉体からなる流動媒体で、この中に石炭などの
粉体燃料（４）？供給し、流動床燃焼する。In Figures 2 to 4, (1) is a fluid medium made of non-flammable powder such as sand or limestone, which contains powdered fuel (4) such as coal. Supply and fluidized bed combustion.
流動媒体の粒径は粉体燃料（４）の粒径より大きくし、
流動床の下層に蓄積し、両者の分離を容易にする。The particle size of the fluidized medium is made larger than the particle size of the powdered fuel (4),
It accumulates in the lower layer of the fluidized bed, making it easier to separate the two.
（２）は耐火、断熱の流動床炉の炉壁、【３）は燃料供
給ノズルで空気搬送により粉体燃料（４）？炉内へ送る
。(2) is the furnace wall of a refractory, heat-insulated fluidized bed furnace, and [3] is the powdered fuel (4) that is conveyed by air through the fuel supply nozzle. Send it into the furnace.
（４Ｊは石灰、オイルコークス、木屑などからなる粉体
燃料で流動床の燃料として用いられる。（５）は送気管
で燃焼用空気（６）？流動床へ送気する。（力は多孔の
分散板であり、この上で粉体燃料（４）が流動床燃焼す
る。そして多孔板？なしているので、燃焼用空気な流動
床内へ均一に送気することができる・（８）は抜き出し
管で、灰分などの不要分を抜き出す。(4J is a powdered fuel made of lime, oil coke, wood chips, etc., which is used as fuel for the fluidized bed. (5) is the combustion air (6)? is sent to the fluidized bed using the air pipe. This is a dispersion plate, on which the powdered fuel (4) is combusted in a fluidized bed.And since it has a perforated plate, combustion air can be uniformly sent into the fluidized bed. (8) Use the extraction tube to extract unnecessary materials such as ash.
なお、管路に定量搬送用のロータリパルプ（９）を設け
る。００）は流動媒体（１）？加温昇温し、更に粉体燃
料（４）？着火するための着火バーナであり、重油、Ｌ
ＰＧ焚き用のバーナを用いる。Note that a rotary pulp (9) for quantitative conveyance is provided in the conduit. 00) is a fluid medium (1)? The temperature is increased and the powder fuel (4)? It is an ignition burner for igniting heavy oil, L
Use a burner for burning PG.
以下本発明の燃一方法を説明する。The combustion method of the present invention will be explained below.
第２図ないし第４図は起動状態から自燃し、流動床燃焼
づるまでの過程？示す。Figures 2 to 4 show the process from startup to self-combustion to fluidized bed combustion. show.
第２図において、分散板（７）上に砂、石灰などの流動
媒体（１）を１０〜１００關程度の厚さに敷き、燃焼用
空気（６）を送気管（５）娶介して送気し、流動床状態
にする。一方、着火バーナ（１０）で流動媒体（１）す
６００℃程度に昇温、加熱する。In Fig. 2, a fluid medium (1) such as sand or lime is spread on the distribution plate (7) to a thickness of about 10 to 100 mm, and combustion air (6) is sent through the air pipe (5). Make it into a fluidized bed. On the other hand, the fluidized medium (1) is heated to about 600° C. using an ignition burner (10).
次に第３図に示すように、流動媒体（１）の温度が９０
０℃程度に上昇し、粉体燃料＜４）が自燃可能な温度に
近づいた頃、燃料供給ノズル（３）で、粉体燃料（４）
を流動床に供給する。燃料が自燃な開始すると、着火バ
ーナ（６）は消火する。Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the temperature of the fluid medium (1) is 90
When the temperature rises to around 0℃ and the powder fuel < 4) approaches the temperature at which it can self-combust, the fuel supply nozzle (3) pumps the powder fuel (4)
is fed into the fluidized bed. When the fuel starts to self-combust, the ignition burner (6) extinguishes.
次に第４図は、粉体燃料（４）が流動床燃焼している状
態で、粒径の大きい流動媒体（１）ヲ抜き出し管（８）
から排出する。流動床内には、粉体燃料（４）と粒径の
近いものだけが残る。粉体燃料（４）と流動媒体（１１
は送気する燃焼用空気（６）の量で上層と下層に分離し
ておく。Next, Fig. 4 shows a state in which the powdered fuel (4) is being burned in a fluidized bed, and the fluidized medium (1) with a large particle size is extracted from the pipe (8).
discharge from. Only particles having a particle size similar to that of the powdered fuel (4) remain in the fluidized bed. Powdered fuel (4) and fluid medium (11
is separated into an upper layer and a lower layer depending on the amount of combustion air (6) to be supplied.
前記のような燃焼方法により、下記のような独特な効果
を奏する。The combustion method described above provides the following unique effects.
１）流動媒体（１）の初期の量が１０〜１００ｍｍ厚さ
で少ないため、着火バーナＱＯ）で加温、昇温に要する
燃料が節減できる。1) Since the initial amount of the fluidized medium (1) is small at a thickness of 10 to 100 mm, the fuel required for heating and raising the temperature with the ignition burner QO) can be saved.
２）粉体燃料（４）中に灰分な含有する場合、これを流
動媒体として利用できる。2) When the powdered fuel (4) contains ash, it can be used as a fluidizing medium.
３）２）により流動媒体（１）を再利用できる。3) Due to 2), the fluid medium (1) can be reused.
４）始動時のＣＯガス、タール等の発生を防止できる。4) Generation of CO gas, tar, etc. during startup can be prevented.
第１図は従来の流動床の要部断面概略図、第２図ないし
第４図は本発明の流動床燃焼の起動状態から自燃し、流
動床燃焼するまでの過程？示す流動床炉の要部断面概略
図である。
１・・流動媒体、２・・炉壁、３・・燃料供給ノズル、
４・・粉体燃料、５・・送気管、６・・燃焼用空気、７
・・分散板、８・・抜き出し管、９・・ロータリバルブ
、１０・・着火ノ（−す。
郭 １ 図
（
席乙図
第３図
第４図Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main part of a conventional fluidized bed, and Figs. 2 to 4 show the process from the start-up state of fluidized bed combustion to self-combustion and fluidized bed combustion according to the present invention. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of main parts of the fluidized bed furnace shown in FIG. 1. Fluidized medium, 2. Furnace wall, 3. Fuel supply nozzle,
4. Powdered fuel, 5. Air pipe, 6. Combustion air, 7
・Dispersion plate, 8. Extraction pipe, 9. Rotary valve, 10. Ignition nozzle.
Claims (1)
燃料の粒径よシ大きい粒径の流動媒体を定常燃焼時の流
動床の層高よシ薄い層となるよう前記流動床燃焼炉の分
散板上に敷き、次いで着火バーナによシ前記流動媒体を
加熱、昇温させ、次いで前記流動媒体の層上に前記粉体
燃料を供給することを特徴とする燃焼方法。When combusting powdered fuel in a fluidized bed combustion furnace, a fluidized medium having a particle size larger than the particle size of the powdered fuel is heated in the fluidized bed so that the layer becomes thinner than the bed height of the fluidized bed during steady combustion. A combustion method characterized in that the pulverized fuel is placed on a distribution plate of a combustion furnace, then heated and heated by an ignition burner, and then the pulverized fuel is supplied onto a layer of the fluidized medium.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21279282A JPS59104008A (en) | 1982-12-06 | 1982-12-06 | Fluidized-bed combustion method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21279282A JPS59104008A (en) | 1982-12-06 | 1982-12-06 | Fluidized-bed combustion method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59104008A true JPS59104008A (en) | 1984-06-15 |
Family
ID=16628454
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21279282A Pending JPS59104008A (en) | 1982-12-06 | 1982-12-06 | Fluidized-bed combustion method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59104008A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6330709U (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 1988-02-29 |
-
1982
- 1982-12-06 JP JP21279282A patent/JPS59104008A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6330709U (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 1988-02-29 |
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