JPS589156A - Developing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent stagnation of toner, and to form a uniform image at its border, by rotating a sleeve and a magnetic roller in the direction reverse to each other, and conveying a magnetic brush of the one-component type toner to a developing zone while charging the toner with an injection electrode. CONSTITUTION:A 10<10>-10<16>ohm.cm magnetic toner is used as a developer, and a sleeve 4-4 and a magnetic roller 4-5 are rotated in the direction reverse to each other, each at 200-900mm./sec speed, and in 500-1,500rpm. The distances between an injection electrode 4-2 also used for a plate for regulating toner thickness and the sleeve 4-4, and between a photoreceptor 1 and the sleeve 4-4 are represented by g1 and g2 respectively, and the following relationship is held; g2=g1+0.4mm., the magnetic flux density of the roller 4-5 is kept 500-1,500 gauss, the photoreceptor 1 is rotated at 150mm./sec, and a potential ratio of image parts to nonimage parts is held at 900V/200V during development, thus permitting stagnation of the toner to be prevented in the developing zone, and an image having a sharp and uniform toner image layer even at the border to be formed.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明の一成分磁性トナーを使用する現像方法に関する
。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a developing method using the one-component magnetic toner of the present invention.

一成分磁性トナーを使用した現像方法は公知であるが、
電荷付与という観点から分類すると、低抵抗の磁性トナ
ーを用い、静電誘導或いは分極により静電潜像にトナー
を付着させる方法、あるいは高抵抗の磁性トナーを注入
、摩擦等の手段にて帯電し、静電潜像に付着させる方法
がある。Development methods using one-component magnetic toner are known, but
Classified from the viewpoint of charge application, there are methods in which toner is attached to an electrostatic latent image by electrostatic induction or polarization using low-resistance magnetic toner, and methods in which high-resistance magnetic toner is injected and charged by means such as friction. , there is a method of attaching it to an electrostatic latent image.

一方、静電潜像への磁性トナーの搬送供給という観点か
ら分類すると、磁石ロールを固定し、スリーブを回動さ
せる新暦スリーブ回転方式、あるいはスリーブを固定し
磁石リールを回動させる所謂マグネット回転方式の２通
りに分類される。On the other hand, when classified from the perspective of transporting and supplying magnetic toner to an electrostatic latent image, there are two methods: the Shinreki sleeve rotation method, in which the magnetic roll is fixed and the sleeve is rotated, and the so-called magnet rotation method, in which the sleeve is fixed and the magnetic reel is rotated. It is classified into two types.

電子写真複写においては普通紙化、高速化という要求か
ら高抵抗磁性トナーを用いスリーブ回転方式で現像する
方法が検討されているが、上記の方法に於いては静電潜
像に付着したトナー即ち現像々は、トナ一層中に混在す
る逆極性トナー或いは固定磁場に於ける磁力線の影響を
受け、画像周辺部の乱れ、現像々トナ一層厚のむら、低
面密度のような種々の欠点を有し、従って最終的な皆写
物も低品質なものしか得られないという問題点を抱えて
いる。In electrophotographic copying, due to the demand for plain paper and faster speeds, a developing method using a sleeve rotation method using high-resistance magnetic toner is being considered, but in the above method, the toner attached to the electrostatic latent image, Developing products are affected by toner of opposite polarity mixed in a toner layer or by magnetic lines of force in a fixed magnetic field, and have various drawbacks such as disturbances at the periphery of the image, uneven thickness of developed toner layers, and low areal density. Therefore, there is a problem that only low-quality final images can be obtained.

本発明者等はこの問題点解決の一手段としてスリーブ、
磁石ロールの双方を回動させて現像を行ったところ現像
々は磁石ロールの回転により優れた品質を維持し、また
トナーの搬送はスリーブの回転により維持されるという
前記のスリーブ回転方式及びマグネット回転方式の夫々
の利点を取り入れた形の優れた現像結果の得られること
が確認された。The present inventors have developed a sleeve as a means of solving this problem.
When developing was performed by rotating both magnet rolls, the developed images maintained excellent quality due to the rotation of the magnet rolls, and the conveyance of toner was maintained by the rotation of the sleeve. It has been confirmed that excellent development results can be obtained by incorporating the advantages of each method.

しかしながら上記のような向回転方式に於ける間履点と
し１以下のことがわかった。即ち比較的高い抵抗値（１
０１０〜１０１ｂ立、Ｑ！ｌ）を有する磁性トナーを使
用した場合、スリーブ及び磁石ロールの回転方向、トナ
ーの移動スピード、磁石リールの磁束密度等により画質
が大きく変動を受は易いこと（特に像のにじみを生じる
）、更にスリーブ回転方式と比較して向回転方式ではト
ナー溜りが形成され易く、時間経過と共にシナー溜りが
成長し、且つこの溜りが不安定な為、画像品質が次第に
低下していく現象が確認された。However, it has been found that in the above-mentioned direction rotation method, the interlocking point is less than 1. That is, a relatively high resistance value (1
010-101b standing, Q! When using a magnetic toner having 1), the image quality tends to vary greatly depending on the rotational direction of the sleeve and magnet roll, the moving speed of the toner, the magnetic flux density of the magnet reel, etc. (particularly image blurring occurs); Compared to the sleeve rotation method, it was confirmed that toner pools are more likely to form in the counter-rotation method, and that the toner pools grow over time, and that the puddles are unstable, resulting in a gradual decline in image quality.

本発明は上記向回転方式に於ける欠点を解消する新規な
現像方法を提供する事を目的とする。An object of the present invention is to provide a new developing method that eliminates the drawbacks of the above-mentioned direction rotation method.

上記本発明の目的は、回転可能な非磁性円筒スリーブ内
に回転可能な磁石ｐ−ルを配設した現像ロール上に、比
較的高い抵抗値を有する一成分磁性トナーのブラシを形
成し、注入電極によりトナーに電荷を付与しながら該ブ
ラシを現像部へ搬送供給することによって連成される。The object of the present invention is to form a brush of one-component magnetic toner having a relatively high resistance value on a developing roll in which a rotatable magnetic roller is disposed within a rotatable non-magnetic cylindrical sleeve, and to inject This is achieved by conveying and supplying the brush to the developing section while applying an electric charge to the toner using an electrode.

以下図面に従って本発明の詳細な説明する。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

第１図は本発明に於ける現像システ＾の概略図を示す。FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a developing system according to the present invention.

１は感光体ドラムを示す。帯電用コロトロン２にて一様
に感光体表面を帯電し、次いで側光ユニット乙により画
像露光を行ない静電潜像を形成する。次いで現像ユニッ
ト４を通過して可視化された現像々は転写用コロトロン
５により記録用紙８に転写される。転写された像は定着
器７を通過して最終的な複写物となる。一方転写部を通
過し、感光体ドラム１の表面に残留したトナーはクリー
ニングユニット６を経て清掃され、貴び次の複写サイク
ルに入る。1 indicates a photosensitive drum. A charging corotron 2 uniformly charges the surface of the photoreceptor, and then a side light unit B performs image exposure to form an electrostatic latent image. Next, the developed images that have passed through the developing unit 4 and become visible are transferred onto a recording paper 8 by a transfer corotron 5. The transferred image passes through a fixing device 7 and becomes a final copy. On the other hand, the toner remaining on the surface of the photoreceptor drum 1 after passing through the transfer section is cleaned by the cleaning unit 6, and then the toner enters the next copying cycle.

第２図は従来の両回転盤現像機の概略図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional double rotary disk developing machine.

この現像機は回転可能な円筒スリーブ４−４の中に回転
可能な磁石ロール４−５を配設した現像ロール上に磁性
トナーによるブラシを形成した構成より成る。This developing machine has a structure in which a rotatable magnetic roll 4-5 is disposed in a rotatable cylindrical sleeve 4-4, and a brush made of magnetic toner is formed on the developing roll.

今感光体ドラム表面とスリーブ表面の距離をｇ２゜スリ
ーブ表−とトナ一層厚規制板４−２との距離を２よとし
た時、ｇ工≧ｇ２の関係を満たすように設定するとき、
感光体ドラム１の移動方向島に対し、スリーブをｂ方向
、マグネットを・方向に回転させると斜線Ｘ域にトナー
溜りが形成される。、同じく感光体ドラムの移動方向ａ
に対し、スリーブ直方向、マグネットをＣ方向に回転さ
せると斜ｌＩＹ域に同様にトナー溜りが形成される。こ
の現象はスリーブとマグネットを同方向に回転させる事
により、スリーブによるトナーの移動に対し、マグネッ
トの回転による自転を伴なったスリーブとは逆方向のト
ナーの移動が起こる為に発生する・第１表にトナー滞溜
の容易さ及び画質についての傾向を、スリーブおよび磁
石ロールの同動方向、速度を固定した場合について示す
。Now, when setting the distance between the photoreceptor drum surface and the sleeve surface as g2°, and the distance between the sleeve surface and the toner layer thickness regulating plate 4-2 as 2, the relationship g≧g2 is satisfied.
When the sleeve is rotated in the b direction and the magnet is rotated in the - direction with respect to the island in the moving direction of the photosensitive drum 1, a toner pool is formed in the diagonally lined X region. , similarly, the moving direction a of the photoreceptor drum
On the other hand, when the sleeve is rotated in the vertical direction and the magnet is rotated in the C direction, a toner pool is similarly formed in the oblique lIY area. This phenomenon occurs because when the sleeve and magnet are rotated in the same direction, the toner moves in the opposite direction to the sleeve due to rotation due to the rotation of the magnet, compared to the movement of toner by the sleeve. The table shows trends in ease of toner accumulation and image quality when the direction and speed of simultaneous movement of the sleeve and magnet roll are fixed.

第１表においてＯ・・良好、ム・・稍不良、Ｘ・・不良
を示す蓼またスリーブ回転数は１８０ｒｐｍｓ磁石ロー
ル回転数は１５００１’ｐ＋ａである。In Table 1, the rotation speed of the sleeve is 180 rpm, and the rotation speed of the magnet roll is 15001'p+a.

現像部でのトナー滞溜の容易さはスリーブと磁石ロール
の回転スピードおよびｇｌｅｇ２の大きさにも大きく影
響を受ける。しかしながら画像品質、特に現像々の飛散
、均一なパイル八イト、現像濃度等の観点からすれば、
スリーブ及び磁石ロールの回転数は比較的高めに設定す
る必要がある。The ease with which toner accumulates in the developing section is also greatly influenced by the rotational speed of the sleeve and magnet roll and the size of gleg2. However, from the viewpoint of image quality, especially scattering of developer particles, uniform pile 8, and developer density,
The rotational speed of the sleeve and magnet roll must be set relatively high.

上記の結果からも感光体移動方向ａに対し、スリーブお
よび磁石ロールを夫々ｂ、Ｏ及びｄ、・の方向に同転さ
せるのが最も良いことがわかる。The above results also show that it is best to rotate the sleeve and the magnet roll simultaneously in the directions b, O, and d, respectively, with respect to the photoconductor moving direction a.

又、磁性トナーのブラシ層厚（ｇよ）と感光体−現像Ｖ
−ル表面間距離（ｇ２）との関係についてトナー滞溜及
び磁石ロールの回転によるストロピング、更には剛質の
観点から検討した所第３図に示す様な傾向のあることが
わかった。即ち第６図において（スリーブ回転数＝　１
８０ｙｐ＋ｍ　ｓ磁石ロール回転数：　１５００？１１
１１１）　、直線ムの±領域［イ］では現像濃度が低く
、且つ鮮鋭度の劣つた画像しか得られず、又ｍ線０の下
方領域［ロコではトナーの現像部でのブロッキングが生
ずることがわかった。Also, the magnetic toner brush layer thickness (g) and the photoreceptor-development V
- When examining the relationship with the surface distance (g2) from the viewpoints of toner accumulation, stroping due to rotation of the magnet roll, and rigidity, it was found that there is a tendency as shown in FIG. That is, in Fig. 6 (sleeve rotation speed = 1
80yp+m s Magnet roll rotation speed: 1500?11
111) In the ± region [A] of the straight line M, the developed density is low and only an image with poor sharpness can be obtained, and in the region below the m line 0 [Loco, toner blocking may occur in the developing section. Understood.

一方、スリーブ回転数と磁石ロールの回転数の関係を調
べてみると、第４５４に示される如く濃度に関してはス
リーブ回転数のみに依存し、磁石ロールの回転数の効果
は小さいことがわかった。又同時に鮮鋭度に関しては逆
に磁石ロールの回転数が大きく作用することが見い出さ
れた。従って、濃度に関しては現像部へのトナーの供給
量、感光体とトナーの接触回数が寄与し、逆に像の鮮鋭
度即ち現像前周辺部の乱れ、均一なパイルハイドに間し
てはマグネットの回転数がを与することが明らかになっ
た。On the other hand, when we investigated the relationship between the number of rotations of the sleeve and the number of rotations of the magnet roll, we found that the concentration depended only on the number of rotations of the sleeve, and the effect of the number of rotations of the magnet roll was small, as shown in No. 454. At the same time, it has been found that the number of rotations of the magnet roll has a significant effect on sharpness. Therefore, the amount of toner supplied to the developing section and the number of times the toner contacts the photoreceptor contribute to the density, and conversely, the sharpness of the image, that is, the disturbance of the peripheral area before development, and the uniform pile hide are influenced by the magnet. It has become clear that the rotational speed gives .

更に、磁石ロールの磁束密度と像濃度及び鮮鋭度の関係
については、第５図に示される如く、両方の特性値を満
たす磁束密度の範囲（斜線領域［ハ］）のあることがわ
かった。すなわちこのような鮮鋭度に関する磁束密度の
効果は、現像−−ル上のトナーか静電潜像に吸着される
際、磁気吸引力に打ち勝つ程度に高い荷電漱を有するト
ナー粒子のみが選択的に付着する為と考えられる。Furthermore, regarding the relationship between the magnetic flux density of the magnet roll, image density, and sharpness, as shown in FIG. 5, it was found that there is a range of magnetic flux density (hatched area [c]) that satisfies both characteristic values. In other words, the effect of magnetic flux density on sharpness is such that when toner particles on a developing roller are attracted to an electrostatic latent image, only toner particles with a high enough charge level to overcome the magnetic attraction force are selectively attracted. This is thought to be due to adhesion.

第６図に本発明に於ける現像ユニットの構成図、を示す
。現像ユニットは回転可能な中空非磁性円筒スリーブ４
−４に回転可能な磁石ロール４−５ヲ配設した現像ロー
ル上に、−成分磁性トナー４−３のブラシを形成し、場
合によりトナ一層厚調整を兼用する注入電極４−２によ
りトナーを帯電した後、現像部へ搬送するようになって
いる。感光体ドラム１の移動方向ａに対し、スリーブ４
−４はｂ方向に、磁石ｐ−ル４−５はＣ方向に各々回転
する様に構成されている。４−１はトナー収納容器を示
す。五、は現像ロール用のバイアス電源、Ｉ工は注入電
極用のバイアス電源を示す。現像ロール用バイアス１２
の極性および電圧は１ｗ像の極性、背景部電位により、
又注入電極用バイアス［２は所望のトナー電荷量及び注
入電極と現像ロール閤の距１１１１１（ｇ工）により適
宜法められるものである。ここでスリーブ４−４と磁石
ロールの移動方向は良好なＩｌ＆Ｉｌ質およびトナー滑
溜を得るためには互いに逆方向に回転させるのが好まし
い。FIG. 6 shows a configuration diagram of a developing unit in the present invention. The developing unit is a rotatable hollow non-magnetic cylindrical sleeve 4
A brush of - component magnetic toner 4-3 is formed on a developing roll on which a rotatable magnet roll 4-5 is arranged. After being charged, it is transported to the developing section. With respect to the moving direction a of the photoreceptor drum 1, the sleeve 4
-4 is configured to rotate in the b direction, and magnet p-ru 4-5 is configured to rotate in the C direction. 4-1 indicates a toner storage container. 5. indicates a bias power supply for the developing roll, and I indicates a bias power supply for the injection electrode. Bias 12 for developing roll
The polarity and voltage of are determined by the polarity of the 1W image and the background potential,
The injection electrode bias [2 is determined as appropriate depending on the desired amount of toner charge and the distance 11111 (g) between the injection electrode and the developing roll. Here, it is preferable that the sleeve 4-4 and the magnet roll be rotated in opposite directions in order to obtain good Il&Il quality and toner collection.

注入電極４−２と現像ロールとの間の距離（ｇ工）及び
現像ロールと感光体ドラム表面との間の距離（ｇ　　）
との関係は良好な画質を得、現像部でのブロッキングを
防止するためにはｇ　−ｇ工±−０，４ｗａ　ｍの範囲
が好ましい。更にスリーブおよび磁石ロールの回転スピ
ードは現像プロセスの速度も考慮するとスリーブ回転速
度が２００〜９００ｍｍ／ａｇｏ、好ましくは４００〜
７００　！Ｉｔ　ＩＩ／−・０１磁石ロール回転数は３
００ｒｐｍ以上、好ましくは７００〜１５００γｐ１！
１に於いて良好な安定した現像を行なうことができる。Distance between the injection electrode 4-2 and the developing roll (g) and distance between the developing roll and the surface of the photoreceptor drum (g)
In order to obtain good image quality and prevent blocking in the developing section, it is preferable that the relationship is within the range of gg - 0.4 wam. Furthermore, considering the speed of the developing process, the rotational speed of the sleeve and magnet roll should be 200 to 900 mm/ago, preferably 400 to 900 mm/ago.
700! It II/-・01 magnet roll rotation speed is 3
00 rpm or more, preferably 700 to 1500 γp1!
In No. 1, good and stable development can be performed.

更に、画質に関して大きな影響を及ぼす磁石ロールの磁
束密度は５００〜１５００ガウス、好ましくは８００〜
１６００ガウスの範囲で満足な濃度と鮮鋭度の両特性が
得られる。Furthermore, the magnetic flux density of the magnet roll, which has a large effect on image quality, is 500 to 1500 Gauss, preferably 800 to 1,500 Gauss.
Satisfactory density and sharpness characteristics can be obtained in the range of 1600 Gauss.

以上＃Ｆｉｊｌに説明したように、回転可能なる非磁性
円筒スリーブ内に回転可能な磁石ロールを配設した現像
ロール上に、比較的高抵抗な一成分磁性）ナーのブラシ
を形成し、予め注入電極にてトナーに電荷を付与し、現
像部へ搬送供給し、静電潜像に付着させる現像方法に於
いて、 を前記スリーブと磁石ｐ−ルが互いに逆方向に回転する
様配設し、 ２、トナーの抵抗が１０１Ｏ〜１−先ル・０膳であり、
五トナ一層厚規制板を兼ねた注入電極と現像ロール表面
との距離をｇ工、そして現像ロールと感光体ドラム表面
間の距離をｇ、、とじたとき、ｇ２−ｇ＋０．４ｍ１ｌ
の設定とし、 　− ４、スリーブ回転速度が２００−９００＋ｅｍ／ｓ＠ａ
。As explained in #Fijl above, a brush of relatively high-resistance one-component magnetic toner is formed on the developing roll, which has a rotatable magnet roll disposed inside a rotatable non-magnetic cylindrical sleeve, and is injected in advance. In a developing method in which toner is charged with an electrode, transported and supplied to a developing section, and adhered to an electrostatic latent image, the sleeve and the magnet pole are arranged so as to rotate in opposite directions, 2. The resistance of the toner is 101 to 1-0.
When the distance between the injection electrode, which also serves as a thickness regulating plate, and the surface of the developing roll is g, and the distance between the developing roll and the surface of the photoreceptor drum is g, then g2-g+0.4ml1l
-4, sleeve rotation speed is 200-900+em/s@a
.

好ましく（は４００〜７００膳ｍ／−・０１磁石駿−ル
の回転数が５００〜１５００？ｐ論、好ましくは７００
〜１２００ｙｐｍとし、 ５、磁石ロールの磁束密度が５００〜１５００Ｇａｕｓ
ｓ、好ましくは８００〜１３００Ｇ＆ｕ１−である条件
下に於いて、Ｓ・素線光ドラムを１５０臘鳳／■Ｏの回
転速度で用い、画像部／　。Preferably (400 to 700 m/-.01 The number of rotations of the magnet spindle is 500 to 1500 m/-, preferably 700 m/-.
~1200ypm, 5.The magnetic flux density of the magnet roll is 500~1500Gaus
s, preferably from 800 to 1300 G&u1-, using an S-wire optical drum at a rotational speed of 150 G&u10;

非画像部電位を９００　Ｖ／２０　’ｏ　ｖとして画像
作成プロセスを行ったところ、現像部でのトナー滞溜が
なく、又鎗周辺部の鮮鋭な、均一な現像々トす一層厚を
有する現像々が得られ、且つ経時安定性が擾れた品質の
画像を得る事が出来た。When the image creation process was carried out with the potential of the non-image area at 900 V/20' ov, there was no toner accumulation in the developing area, sharp, uniform development in the peripheral area of the spear, and thicker development. It was possible to obtain images of high quality and poor stability over time.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明に於ける現像システムの概略を示す図で
あり、 第２図はスリーブ・磁石ロール両回転方式現像の説明図
であり、 １３図は注入電極と現像ロールとの間の距離及び現像ロ
ールと感光体ドラムとの間の距離と現像特性の関係図を
示すグラフであり、 第４図はスリーブ回転数および磁石ロール回転数と現像
特性の関係を示すグラフであり、第５図は磁束密度と現
像特性の関係を示すグラフであり、 １６図は本発明による現像方法を説明するための図であ
る。 図中符号寥 １・・感光体　　　　　　２・・帯電用コロシロン６・
・漏光ユニツ）　　　４・・現像ユニット５−・転写用
コロトロン　６・・クリー′ニングー１−１−息１ ７・・定着器　　　　　　８・・記録用紙代理人　弁理
士（８１０７）佐々木　清　隆（はか２名） 箒　　１　　図 第　　２！＠ 第　　３　　図 第　　４　　図 λム渇ロール！１転教 スリー７“°口転市大（（Ｐ？Ｆｌ）Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of the developing system according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a sleeve/magnet roll dual rotation type development, and Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the distance between the injection electrode and the developing roll. and FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the distance between the developing roll and the photosensitive drum and the developing characteristics. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the sleeve rotation speed and the magnet roll rotation speed and the developing characteristics. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between magnetic flux density and development characteristics, and FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the developing method according to the present invention. Symbols in the figure: 1. Photoreceptor 2. Charging colossilon 6.
・Light leak unit) 4.Developing unit 5-・Transfer corotron 6.・Cleaning-1-1-breath 1 7..Fixing device 8.・Recording paper representative Patent attorney (8107) Kiyoshi Sasaki (Haka) 2 people) Broom 1 Figure 2! @Figure 3 Figure 4 λMu Thirty Roll! 1 Transference Three 7 “° Kutten City University ((P?Fl)

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 回転可能な非磁性円筒スリーブ内に回転可能な磁石ロー
ルを配設した現像ロール上に、比較的高い抵抗値を有す
る一成分磁性トナーのブラシを形成し、注入電極にてト
ナーに電荷を付与しながら該ブラシを現像部へ搬送供給
することを特徴とする現像方法。A brush of one-component magnetic toner having a relatively high resistance value is formed on a developing roll having a rotatable magnet roll disposed inside a rotatable non-magnetic cylindrical sleeve, and an electric charge is applied to the toner by an injection electrode. A developing method characterized in that the brush is conveyed and supplied to a developing section.