JPS5890144A - Automatic uniform suction device for exhaust gas - Google Patents
Automatic uniform suction device for exhaust gasInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5890144A JPS5890144A JP18962981A JP18962981A JPS5890144A JP S5890144 A JPS5890144 A JP S5890144A JP 18962981 A JP18962981 A JP 18962981A JP 18962981 A JP18962981 A JP 18962981A JP S5890144 A JPS5890144 A JP S5890144A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- suction
- pitot tube
- exhaust gas
- thermocouple
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/24—Suction devices
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
スト＃度の測定方法（ｚ−８８０８）の等速吸引方法？
自動化した自ｗＪ等速吸引装置の改良に関するものであ
る。[Detailed Description of the Invention] How to measure the stroke degree (z-8808) with constant velocity suction method?
This invention relates to an improvement of an automated automatic wJ constant-velocity suction device.
ダスト試料の採取はあらかじめ測定点にνける排ガス流
速、温度、水分などの諸条件を測屋し、等速吸引流量會
求め、普通型吸引ノズルを使用して排ガス流速と等しい
流速で吸引する方法と、排ガス流速等の測定を行なわず
、平衡型吸引ノズル全使用して、排ガスの動圧−または
静圧と吸引動圧′または静圧會等しくすることに工って
寺速吸引紮何なう方法の二種類がある。To collect a dust sample, first measure the exhaust gas flow rate, temperature, moisture, and other conditions at the measurement point, determine the constant velocity suction flow rate, and use a normal suction nozzle to suction at a flow rate equal to the exhaust gas flow rate. Then, without measuring the exhaust gas flow velocity, etc., all balanced suction nozzles are used to make the dynamic pressure or static pressure of the exhaust gas equal to the suction dynamic pressure or static pressure. There are two methods.
しかし、前者は流速、温度などの変動に追従することが
困難であり、後者はＬイノズル数（流恵の低い流域では
等速吸引流量の誤差が大きくなり正しい試料採取が困難
である。However, the former has difficulty following fluctuations in flow velocity, temperature, etc., and the latter has a large error in the uniform suction flow rate in areas with a low L nozzle number (flow rate), making it difficult to collect samples correctly.
本発明に叙上のような難点全解消すべく提供されたもの
で、本発明の概要は普通型吸引ノズルを使用して平衡型
の等速吸引？行なわんとするもので、測定点のリドガス
動圧お工び温度ケビトー管、Ｐ工び熱電対にて検出し、
時々刻々変化する排ガスの状態に追従して吸引ガス流−
Ｍ’にパルス発信器付ガスメータで検出しｆｒ、がら渡
世調節を自動的に行ない′４速吸引するもので、低流速
から高流速１で広範囲１／（−Ｆ）たって正確に、しか
もＷｂ ｎ ｖｔ−でも簡単に操作し、測定できるよう
Ｋ Ｌだ自動等速吸引装置ｔに関するものである。The present invention has been provided in order to solve all of the above-mentioned difficulties, and the outline of the present invention is to use a normal type suction nozzle for balanced type uniform velocity suction? The measurement point is to detect the lid gas dynamic pressure and temperature using a Kebitot tube and a P-type thermocouple.
The suction gas flow follows the constantly changing exhaust gas conditions.
It detects M' with a gas meter with a pulse transmitter and automatically adjusts the flow rate and suctions at 4 speeds. The KL is related to an automatic isokinetic suction device that can be easily operated and measured even in VT-.
以下、図示（Ｄ実施例ＶＣ＊つて評細に説明するとｇｉ
図は本発明に係る装置の配置會ボ丁図解的略図であり、
本装置は同軸採取管１．１及引セツト２及び目動装置本
体、３とによりなるもので、第１図中４ｉｊ煙道であり
、煙道１内の矢印はｖトガスの流ｎる方向を表わしてい
る。Hereinafter, a detailed explanation will be given as shown in the figure (D Example VC*.
The figure is a schematic diagram of the layout of the device according to the invention;
This device consists of a coaxial sampling tube 1.1, a pull set 2, and a moving device main body 3, which is the flue 4ij in Fig. 1, and the arrow in the flue 1 indicates the direction in which the gas flows. It represents.
同軸採収管■は煙道４内ＶＣ層脱自仕ｖＯ挿入さｎその
概要は第３図に従って説明する。第３図Ａは同軸採取管
１の平＋ＩＩｉ図、Ｂは側面図である。ｂはダクト抽集
貧１１Ｉであり、６に測に点の排ガス動圧を慣用するピ
トー管、７は測定点の排ガス温度を検出する熱電対であ
り、こｎｋ中間ＶＣで一本の）々イゾ軸８にて−１とめ
ＶＣしたものである。The coaxial collection pipe (2) is inserted into the flue 4 to remove the VC layer and its outline will be explained according to FIG. 3A is a flat +IIi view of the coaxial collection tube 1, and FIG. 3B is a side view. b is a duct extractor 11I, 6 is a pitot tube for measuring the flue gas dynamic pressure at the measurement point, and 7 is a thermocouple for detecting the exhaust gas temperature at the measurement point; VC is set at -1 on the iso axis 8.
ダスト捕集部５は普通型吸引ノズル９、ダスト捕集器１
０、ドし′ン捕集器１１エクな９、本発明は平衡型の等
速吸引全行なうのであるが第２図に表わ扛る工つな平衡
型の等速吸引の除に必要なベンチューリ管１２は用いら
扛ていない。ピトー管６は図示の実施例に工ｎＶｆ、Ｌ
型ピトー管を使用しているが、Ｔ型ピトー管であっても
工い。熱電対７ ＶＣはＯ，Ａ熱電対を用いである。尚
、図中１３は吸引ホース口、１４はピトー管ホース接続
部、１５は測温体接続部である。The dust collecting section 5 includes a normal suction nozzle 9 and a dust collector 1.
0. Don't drain collector 11 Ex. 9. The present invention performs all balanced type uniform velocity suction, but it is necessary to eliminate the complicated balanced type uniform velocity suction shown in Fig. 2. Venturi tube 12 is not used. The pitot tube 6 is
A type pitot tube is used, but a T type pitot tube can also be used. Thermocouple 7 VC uses O and A thermocouples. In the figure, 13 is a suction hose opening, 14 is a pitot tube hose connection part, and 15 is a temperature sensor connection part.
ダスト捕集部５は吸引ホース口１３工９吸引セツト２と
連結さｎてお・ジ、吸引セット２はガス洗浄装置２２、
自動装置本体３からの指令により、自動的に開閉する流
速自動調節用モータバルブ１６ｐ工びバイパスバルブＬ
７ｋＴｆする吸引ポンプ１８乾燥装置１９、ノ々ルス発
佃器２０付吸引流量測定用ガスメータ２１を有しており
、ｅ、引ボンゾ１８で排ガス全ダスト捕集部５から洗浄
装置２２を通して吸引し、乾慄装置１９’に経たのちガ
スメータ２１全通してリド気さｎる。尚ノにガス発信器
２０は吸引流量をノ々ルスｙｃおきかえ、小型コンピュ
ータへの入力データを作る。The dust collection unit 5 is connected to the suction hose port 13 and the suction set 2, and the suction set 2 is connected to the gas cleaning device 22,
Bypass valve L with 16p motor valve for automatic flow rate adjustment that opens and closes automatically according to commands from the automatic device main body 3
It has a suction pump 18 with 7 kTf, a drying device 19, and a gas meter 21 for measuring the suction flow rate with a Nollus generator 20.e, the exhaust gas is sucked from the entire dust collection section 5 through the cleaning device 22 by the pulling bonzo 18, After passing through the drying device 19', the entire gas meter 21 is passed through to remove air. Furthermore, the gas transmitter 20 replaces the suction flow rate with the flow rate and creates input data to the small computer.
自動装置本体３は差圧変換器２３及び小型コンピュータ
２４を有して寂ジ、ピトー管６にピトー管ホース接続部
１４を通して差圧変換器２３と接続さｆ、差圧′Ｌ換器
２３での検出値全小型コンピュータ２４へ人力するよう
構成さｎ、熱電対７及びパルス発信器２０も谷々の検出
１直會小型コンピユータ２４へ人力丁２）工う接続さｎ
てνり出力端子は流速ｖＩ４節用モータバルブ１６と接
続さｎている。この自動８！一本体３は吸引ノズル内径
、ガスメータ温度、ピトー管の係数、あらかじめ求めた
排ガス中の水分′１ｌｌｉ′等の吸引流蓋決足のための
諸粂件葡入力する設に都（図示しない。）を仔している
。The automatic device main body 3 has a differential pressure converter 23 and a small computer 24, and is connected to the differential pressure converter 23 through the pitot tube 6 and the pitot tube hose connection 14. The detected values are all configured to be manually connected to the small computer 24, and the thermocouple 7 and the pulse transmitter 20 are also connected to the direct small computer 24 for human power.
The output terminal is connected to a motor valve 16 for flow rate vI4. This automatic 8! The main body 3 is provided with settings for inputting various information to determine the suction flow, such as the suction nozzle inner diameter, gas meter temperature, pitot tube coefficient, and predetermined moisture content in the exhaust gas (not shown). is having a baby.
次に本発明の使用状態について説明をカロえる。Next, the state of use of the present invention will be explained.
先ず、使用するピトー管の係数、吸引ノズルの内径、ガ
スメータの温度、あらかじめ求めた排ガス中の水分ｉｔ
’ｃ自動装置本体３の設定部にセットし、設定値？入
力する。その後同軸採取管１會煙道４内に挿入すると、
ピトー管６エ９排ガスの流速全検出し、差圧ｆ換器２３
′に介して小型コンピュータ２４内に検出値が入力さ扛
る。他方熱電対７からは排気ガス温度の検出値が小型コ
ンピュータ２４に入力される。この設定値と検出値をも
とに小型コンピュータ２４は等速吸引流量會胴時に計算
しそのｆｉｔ ’に入力として演算し、ガスメータ２１
のパルスに比例しながら、出力端子Ｌｔ）＃、連速自動
調節モータバルブ１６に指令を送り、流速調節を自動的
に行なうものである。たとえば、煙道４内の排ガスの流
速が遅くなった場合には、ピトー管６エク検出さ才ｔた
流速の検出値は以前より小さく、その値が小型コンピュ
ータ２４で計算さ作ると必要吸引流量（ｑｍｔ）は減少
する。他方この時点での災際の吸引流−ｍ： （ｑｒｒ
？）はガスメータ２１のパルス発信器２０に工９、小型
コンピュータ２４へ入力されて２り、ｑｍ＜ｑｍ’の状
態である。従って小をコンピュータ２４から流速自動調
節用モータバルブ１ＢＶＣ、バルブ全自動的に絞る工う
指令が送らし１その後のガスメータ２１側の眩引流量（
Ｑｍｔ ）は必要吸引流ｉ （Ｑｍｔ）と等しくなる。First, the coefficient of the pitot tube to be used, the inner diameter of the suction nozzle, the temperature of the gas meter, and the moisture content in the exhaust gas determined in advance.
'c Set in the setting section of the automatic device main body 3, set value? input. After that, when inserting the coaxial sampling tube 1 into the flue 4,
Pitot tube 6E9 Detects the entire flow rate of exhaust gas, differential pressure f exchanger 23
The detected value is input into the small computer 24 via . On the other hand, the detected value of the exhaust gas temperature is input from the thermocouple 7 to the small computer 24 . Based on the set value and the detected value, the small computer 24 calculates the constant velocity suction flow rate and inputs it to the fit'.
A command is sent to the output terminal Lt)# and the continuous speed automatic adjustment motor valve 16 in proportion to the pulse of the flow rate, thereby automatically adjusting the flow rate. For example, if the flow velocity of the exhaust gas in the flue 4 becomes slower, the detected value of the flow velocity detected by the pitot tube 6 will be smaller than before, and that value will be calculated by the small computer 24 to create the required suction flow rate. (qmt) decreases. On the other hand, the suction flow in case of disaster at this point - m: (qrr
? ) is input to the pulse generator 20 of the gas meter 21 and is input to the small computer 24, and is in the state of qm<qm'. Therefore, a command is sent from the computer 24 to the motor valve 1BVC for automatically adjusting the flow rate, and a command is sent to automatically throttle the valve 1. The subsequent dizzy flow rate on the gas meter 21 side (
Qmt ) is equal to the required suction flow i (Qmt).
すなわちＱｍｔ ＝ｑｍ２の状態全保つのである。In other words, the entire state of Qmt = qm2 is maintained.
本発明は蒸上のようにして、普通形吸引ノズルを使用し
て平衡形の等速吸引を可能にし、従来の二４１（のダス
ト試料の採取方法の長所のみを有する自動等速吸引装置
となり、時々刻々と変化する排ガスの状態に追従して流
貴調節舎自動的に行ない等速吸引することができ、低流
速から凝流速まで広範囲にわたって正確にｉ！：Ｊ ’
ｊｕできるようになった。The present invention enables balanced isokinetic suction using an ordinary suction nozzle in the same manner as vaporization, and becomes an automatic isokinetic suction device that has only the advantages of the conventional dust sample collection method. The flow adjustment chamber automatically follows the ever-changing exhaust gas condition to perform uniform suction, accurately covering a wide range from low flow velocity to condensation velocity.
Now I can play ju.
第１図は本究明に係る装置の配置を示す図解的略図であ
り、第２図は平衡型等速吸引装置のダスト捕集ｇ（（を
示す図であり、第３図は同軸採敗管を示すもので（Ａは
平面図、（Ｂ）は側面図で必る。
１・・・同軸採暇管、２・・・吸引セット、３・・・自
動装置本体、４・・・煙道、６・・・ピトー管、７・・
・熱電対、９・・・普通型吸引ノズル、１２・・・ベン
チュリー管、１６・・・モーメパルブ、１７・・・パイ
ノぐスパ／ｌ／フ、１８・・・吸引ボンズ、１９・・・
乾燥装置、２０・・・パルス発信器、２１・・・ガスメ
ータ、２２・・・ガス洗浄装置、２３・・・差圧変換器
、２４・・・小型コンピュータ特許出願人 石橋科学
工業株式会社
手続補正書（臓
昭和５７年４月５ 日
昭和５６ 年 倚 ず午 願第１８９６２９号２、元習
ψ糸称 士Ｖス泊動柿條引■４・ 代 理
人 士１０１ ｔ４７Ｂ ０３（２５６） １ａｚｏ番
手続補正書（自懇）
昭和５６年 す寺 ｔす 願第１８９６２９号４・ 代
理 人 テＩＱ１１ｉｏ３（２５６）ｔｓｘｏ番６
補正により増加する発明の数 なし７、補正の対象
明紳ｔ （九≦坦）
８ 補正の内容
明 細 齋
１発明の名称
排ガス自動等速吸引装置
２、特許請求の範囲
ｌ、 普通型吸引ノズル全使用する等速吸引装置ｒｔｔ
おいて、吸引流量測定用ガスメータにノセルス発債器を
取付け、ノ々ルス発イぎ器と自動装置本体の小型コンピ
ュータとｔ接続し、煙道内の測定点にピトー管及び熱電
対を配置し、ピトー管は自動装置本体の差圧変換器と接
続し、熱電対及び差圧変侯器會同本体内の不整コンピュ
ータと接続し、測定点の排ガス動圧及び温度の検出値を
、あらかじめピトー管の係数、吸引ノズル内径、ガスメ
ータ′ｍ度等の等速吸引のための吸引量決定の榮件を設
定入力しである自動装置本体専
の小型コンピュータ入力し、瞬時に等速吸引量會計算し
その値を入力として演算しガスメータのノぞガスに比例
しながら流連調節バルブを自動開閉することを％徴仁す
るυＦガス自動等速吸引装置。
１−
２６３−Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the device related to this investigation, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the dust collection g (() of the balanced type constant velocity suction device, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the coaxial (A is a plan view, (B) is a side view. 1... Coaxial pipe, 2... Suction set, 3... Automatic device body, 4... Flue. , 6... Pitot tube, 7...
・Thermocouple, 9... Ordinary type suction nozzle, 12... Venturi tube, 16... Momepalbu, 17... Painoguspa/l/f, 18... Suction bond, 19...
Drying device, 20...Pulse transmitter, 21...Gas meter, 22...Gas cleaning device, 23...Differential pressure converter, 24...Small computer Patent applicant Ishibashi Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. Procedure amendment Letter (April 5, 1980, 1981, 倚ZUU Application No. 189629 2, former master's name, shi Vsudomo Kakijohiki ■4, agent)
Person 101 t47B 03 (256) 1Azo No. Procedural Amendment (Self Consultation) 1989 Sutera tsu Request No. 189629 4 / Agent TeIQ11io3 (256) TSXO No. 6
Number of inventions to be increased by the amendment None 7. Subject of the amendment is clear (9≦flat) 8. Details of the amendment 1. Name of the invention Automatic constant velocity suction device for exhaust gas 2. Scope of claims 1. Ordinary type suction nozzle All-used constant velocity suction device rtt
Attach a Nocellus trigger to the gas meter for measuring the suction flow rate, connect the Nocellus trigger to the small computer of the automatic device, place a pitot tube and thermocouple at the measurement point in the flue, The pitot tube is connected to the differential pressure converter in the automatic equipment main body, and the thermocouple and differential pressure converter are connected to the irregularity computer in the same main body, and the detected values of exhaust gas dynamic pressure and temperature at the measurement point are sent in advance to the pitot tube. The parameters for determining the suction amount for constant velocity suction, such as the coefficient, the internal diameter of the suction nozzle, and the gas meter's degree, are entered into a small computer dedicated to the automatic device itself, and the constant velocity suction amount is instantly calculated. υF gas automatic constant-velocity suction device that calculates the value as input and automatically opens and closes the flow control valve in proportion to the gas meter nozzle. 1-263-
Claims (1)
て、吸引＃、量測定用ガスメータにパルス発信器を取付
け、ノセルス発信器と自動装置本体の小型コンピュータ
と？接続し、煙道内の測定点にピトー管及び熱電対を配
置し、ピトー管は自動装置本体の差圧変換器と接続し、
熱電対及び差圧変換器を同本体内の小型コンピュータと
接続し、測定点のす「ガス動圧及び温度の検出値を、あ
らかじめピトー管の係数、吸引ノズル内径、ガスメータ
温度寺の等速吸引のための吸引量決定の乗件を設定入力
しである自動装置本体の小型コンピュータ入力し、瞬時
ｆｃ尋速吸引量？計算しその値全入力として演算しガス
メータのパルスに比例しながら流速調節パルプを自動開
閉することを％徴とするリドガス自動等速吸引装置。 ｌ−[Claims] ■ In a constant-velocity suction device VC that uses all normal suction nozzles, a pulse transmitter is attached to the suction # and gas meter for volume measurement, and a nocellus transmitter and a small computer in the automatic device main body are connected? Connect, place a pitot tube and thermocouple at the measurement point in the flue, connect the pitot tube to the differential pressure converter on the automatic device body,
The thermocouple and differential pressure transducer are connected to a small computer in the same body, and the detected values of gas dynamic pressure and temperature at the measurement points are calculated in advance by the coefficient of the pitot tube, the internal diameter of the suction nozzle, and the constant velocity suction of the gas meter temperature. The parameters for determining the suction amount are set and inputted into the small computer of the automatic device itself, and the instantaneous FC rate of suction amount is calculated.The value is calculated as all inputs and the flow rate is adjusted in proportion to the pulse of the gas meter. Lido gas automatic isokinetic suction device whose main feature is to automatically open and close the l-
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18962981A JPS5890144A (en) | 1981-11-26 | 1981-11-26 | Automatic uniform suction device for exhaust gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18962981A JPS5890144A (en) | 1981-11-26 | 1981-11-26 | Automatic uniform suction device for exhaust gas |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5890144A true JPS5890144A (en) | 1983-05-28 |
| JPH0248856B2 JPH0248856B2 (en) | 1990-10-26 |
Family
ID=16244488
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18962981A Granted JPS5890144A (en) | 1981-11-26 | 1981-11-26 | Automatic uniform suction device for exhaust gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5890144A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63208737A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1988-08-30 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | Method for measuring amount of generated dust |
| US5119684A (en) * | 1989-08-28 | 1992-06-09 | Pike Daniel E | Apparatus for the quantification of dust collectability |
| WO2013099724A1 (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Mist-containing gas analysis device |
| CN104677698A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-06-03 | 国家电网公司 | Flue gas sampling device |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4897588A (en) * | 1972-03-27 | 1973-12-12 | ||
| JPS53144795A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1978-12-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Dust densitometer |
-
1981
- 1981-11-26 JP JP18962981A patent/JPS5890144A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4897588A (en) * | 1972-03-27 | 1973-12-12 | ||
| JPS53144795A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1978-12-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Dust densitometer |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63208737A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1988-08-30 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | Method for measuring amount of generated dust |
| US5119684A (en) * | 1989-08-28 | 1992-06-09 | Pike Daniel E | Apparatus for the quantification of dust collectability |
| WO2013099724A1 (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Mist-containing gas analysis device |
| JP2013134153A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Mist-containing gas analysis apparatus |
| US9395342B2 (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2016-07-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Mist-containing gas analysis device |
| CN104677698A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-06-03 | 国家电网公司 | Flue gas sampling device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0248856B2 (en) | 1990-10-26 |
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