JPS5864128A - Alcohol-containing aqueous gel composition - Google Patents
Alcohol-containing aqueous gel compositionInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5864128A JPS5864128A JP56164451A JP16445181A JPS5864128A JP S5864128 A JPS5864128 A JP S5864128A JP 56164451 A JP56164451 A JP 56164451A JP 16445181 A JP16445181 A JP 16445181A JP S5864128 A JPS5864128 A JP S5864128A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- alcohol
- gel
- polyglycerin
- gel composition
- isostearate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/39—Derivatives containing from 2 to 10 oxyalkylene groups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/042—Gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はアルコール含水ゲル組成物特にゲル化剤として
ポリグリセリンイソステアリン酸エステルを用いたゲル
化組成物に関するものであるＯ化粧品、医薬品等の分野
では、有機又は無機化合物を用いた種々のゲル化組成物
が使用されている０この用途に供する有機化合物として
は天然高分子やその誘導体中合成高分子化合物をはじめ
芳香族アルデヒド多価アルコール誘導体や界面活性剤、
脂肪酸アマイド、金属石鹸等各種の化合物がその目的に
合わせて使用されている。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an alcohol-containing hydrogel composition, particularly a gelling composition using polyglycerol isostearate as a gelling agent. Various gelling compositions have been used. Organic compounds used for this purpose include natural polymers and their derivatives, synthetic polymers, aromatic aldehydes, polyhydric alcohol derivatives, surfactants,
Various compounds such as fatty acid amides and metal soaps are used depending on the purpose.
化粧品や医薬品の場合には安全性が強調されるのは当然
であるが、ゲル状組成物を手に取シ使用する場合、寒天
ゲルの様な硬いゲルでは使用し難いので適当な粘度を有
する高粘度ゲル又は中面状ゲルで透明感を有し、使用し
た時にぬめシ感のない事が望まれていた。It is natural that safety is emphasized in the case of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, but when using gel-like compositions, it is difficult to use hard gels such as agar gel, so it is necessary to have an appropriate viscosity. It was desired that the gel be a highly viscous gel or a medium gel that has a transparent feel and does not have a slimy feeling when used.
従来のゲル化剤では高分子化合物を用いたゲル化組成物
ではぬめシ感が残り、好ましくなく、一般的に界面活性
剤をペースとしたゲル組成物が。With conventional gelling agents, gelling compositions using polymer compounds leave a slimy feeling, which is undesirable, and gel compositions based on surfactants are generally used.
この用途に供されていた。例えば、ポリエチレンオキシ
ド高級アルコールエーテルや脂肪酸エステルやＭ肪酸ジ
ェタノールアミドを用いる方法中グリチルリチン酸塩等
を用いる方法があシー有効であるＯ
しかし、ゲル組成物の用途によっては比較的高い濃度の
アルコールを含有した含水ゲル組成物の形に調合する必
要のある場合には、高アルコール含量の領域では解膠現
象があ夛、ゲルが形成されない傾向があうた。アルコー
ル含水ゲルの形成ではアミンの窮導体たるボロキサミ′
ン（Ｐｏｌｅｘａｍｌｎ・）［例えばＢＡＳＦ社Ｐｏｌ
ｏｚａｍｌｎｅ ］を用いる場合でもアルコールはに一
以下にする事が望ましいとされている。It was used for this purpose. For example, among methods using polyethylene oxide higher alcohol ethers, fatty acid esters, and M fatty acid jetanolamide, methods using glycyrrhizinate, etc. are effective. However, depending on the use of the gel composition, a relatively high concentration of alcohol When it is necessary to formulate a hydrogel composition containing , peptization occurs frequently in the region of high alcohol content, and a gel tends not to form. In the formation of alcohol-containing gels, boroxamines are essential conductors for amines.
(Polexamln) [for example, BASF Polex
Even when using [Ozamlne], it is said that it is desirable to keep the alcohol content to 1:1 or less.
水溶液系でのゲルの形成機構は種々提案されているが、
工・−チル結合を含む化合物の場合には。Various mechanisms of gel formation in aqueous systems have been proposed;
In the case of compounds containing an -thyl bond.
水のプロトンが配位したエーテル型化合物の濃度が、臨
界ミセル濃度に達してマセルを形成し、ミセル中の水分
子は水素結合で固定されてゲルを形成すると考えられて
いるのでエーテル化合物のエーテル基の数やそれに結合
している有機基の数及び形で著しく物性が支配される。It is thought that the concentration of ether-type compounds to which water protons are coordinated reaches the critical micelle concentration to form macelle, and the water molecules in the micelles are fixed by hydrogen bonds to form a gel. The physical properties are significantly controlled by the number of groups and the number and shape of the organic groups bonded thereto.
従うてエーテル結合含有化合物の構造とそれに結合する
有機基の数、形、構造等で水分子の配位性並びに建セル
形成性が支配されるので物性等にゲル形成性は著しく変
化する事が想定される。Therefore, the structure of the ether bond-containing compound and the number, shape, structure, etc. of the organic groups bonded to it govern the coordination of water molecules and the cell-forming property, so the gel-forming property may change significantly in terms of physical properties, etc. is assumed.
食品添加剤としても広く検討されて来ているポリグリセ
リンの場合、一般的に知られているステアリン酸、オレ
イン酸、ノ２ル？テン酸、ラウリン酸等の脂肪酸エステ
ルは乳化剤としては有効であるが１本願の目的のゲル化
特性は期待出来ない〇又、一般的に知られているイソス
テアリン酸エステルも同様な用途に適用される事が知ら
れているが、同様にゲル化特性を有する事は知られてい
なかった０
本発明者らは従来よシこれら各種の脂肪酸エステルの合
成と利用の研究を行なってきたがその一環としてアルコ
ール含水ゲル組成物、特に咥チ又はそれ以上の濃度のア
ルコールを含む水性ゲル組成物の調製への利用について
研究しか結果、各種のＨｔＦＦＩＩエステルの中、ポリ
グリセリンインステアリン酸エステルがゲル化特性を有
し、前記ゲル組成物に有効に用いうろことが見出された
のであるＯ
かくて本発明はポリグリセリンイソステアリン酸エステ
ルと水及び低級アルコールを含むアルコール含水ゲル組
成物を提供するものである。In the case of polyglycerin, which has been widely considered as a food additive, the commonly known ingredients stearic acid, oleic acid, and oleic acid are commonly used. Fatty acid esters such as thenic acid and lauric acid are effective as emulsifiers, but cannot be expected to have the gelling properties that are the objective of this application.In addition, commonly known isostearate esters can also be used for similar purposes. However, it was not known that they also had gelling properties.The present inventors have been conducting research on the synthesis and utilization of these various fatty acid esters, and as part of this research, Research on its use in the preparation of alcohol-containing hydrogel compositions, particularly aqueous gel compositions containing alcohol at concentrations of mouth or higher, has shown that among the various HtFFII esters, polyglycerol instearate has the best gelling properties. Therefore, the present invention provides an alcohol-containing gel composition containing polyglycerol isostearate, water, and a lower alcohol.
本発明では前記ポリグリセリンイノステアリン酸エステ
ルとしては！〜を量体のグリセリンからなるポリグリセ
リンに対してモル比／−Ｊのイソステアリン酸を反応さ
せて見られた化合物が他のエステルと異なシ高アルコー
ル水溶液や高アルコール含水組成物をよくゲル化させる
性質を有するものとして％に好んで用いられる。In the present invention, the polyglycerol inostearate is! A compound found by reacting isostearic acid at a molar ratio of /-J with polyglycerin consisting of glycerin having a mass of ~ is different from other esters, and it gels well in high alcohol aqueous solutions and high alcohol water-containing compositions. It is preferable to use % as a property.
同じ量種のポリグリセリンでも３モル以上のイソステア
リン酸を反応させたエステルやＢｘＪ〜参程度のポリグ
リセリン或いはジグリセリンに７〜３モルのイソステア
リン酸を反応させて得たエステルには同様なゲル化性は
認められない０この本願のエステルの持つ特異なゲル化
性発現や機序は明確でないがエーテル基の数ど残留する
水酸基の数及び結合゛している有機基の骨格構造と数の
バランスが良い為と想定している。Even with the same amount of polyglycerin, esters obtained by reacting 3 moles or more of isostearic acid, and esters obtained by reacting 7 to 3 moles of isostearic acid with polyglycerin or diglycerin of BxJ to BxJ, have similar gelation. Although the expression and mechanism of the unique gelling property of the ester of this application are not clear, it is important to understand the balance between the number of ether groups, the number of residual hydroxyl groups, and the skeletal structure and number of bonded organic groups. I assume this is because it is good.
１〜３モルのイソステアリン酸を！〜を量体のポリグリ
セリンに反応させる場合には１通常の方法例えば、水酸
化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウムや炭酸ナトリウム等の塩
基性触媒を用いて不活性ガス中でｌ！Ｏ−コ３０″ＣＫ
加熱して容Ｊ＋に合成する事が出来る。生成物は淡黄色
の粘稠液体であシ、イソステアリン酸のモル比により、
ゲルの性質が変ｆｉ、／−２’Ｅ、ルの場合には柔ゲル
となシ、λ〜３モルのエステルは硬ゲルを与える傾向が
ある〇ゲルの形成作業はアルコール又はアルコール含水
組成物ｉｏｏ部に対し、、２ｊ〜ｙｏ％又はそれ以上の
イソステア１フン酸エステルを加見て侵〜−℃に加温し
て溶解させた後、冷却して所期のゲルを得る事が出来る
。1 to 3 moles of isostearic acid! When ~ is reacted with a polymer of polyglycerin, a conventional method is used, for example, using a basic catalyst such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or sodium carbonate in an inert gas. O-co 30″CK
It can be synthesized into J+ by heating. The product is a pale yellow viscous liquid, depending on the molar ratio of isostearic acid.
If the gel properties change, fi, /-2'E, le, it becomes a soft gel, but λ ~ 3 moles of ester tends to give a hard gel. Gel formation work is done using alcohol or an alcohol-containing composition. The desired gel can be obtained by heating and dissolving 2j to yo% or more of isostear monofluoric acid ester to the ioo portion, and then cooling the mixture.
本発明においてはアル；−ルとしてエチルアルコール、
プロピルアルコール、７ｆルアルコールなどの低級アル
コールが用いられる。In the present invention, ethyl alcohol,
Lower alcohols such as propyl alcohol and 7f alcohol are used.
本発明に係る上記の如きアルコール含水ゲル組成物によ
ればポリグリセリンイソステアリン酸エステル自体が油
付的性質をもつので整髪剤としての機能含有しているか
さらに各種高分子化合物をｌ′ｌ＠又は数種を組合わせ
用いることＫよって製品にたとえばよシ大きな整髪力を
もたせてヘアゲルとして用い得、或はローシ冒ン、クリ
ーム、乳液にもよく用いうるようにすることができる。According to the above-mentioned alcohol-containing gel composition according to the present invention, since the polyglycerol isostearate itself has oily properties, it may function as a hair styling agent or may further contain various polymeric compounds. By using a combination of seeds, the product can, for example, have greater hair styling power and can be used as a hair gel, or can be used well in lotions, creams, and emulsions.
かかる高分子化合物としては各種のワックス、流動パラ
フィン、シリコ弄ンオイル、動植物油、エーテルホスフ
ェートやカチオンポリマーをあげることができる。Examples of such polymeric compounds include various waxes, liquid paraffin, silicone oil, animal and vegetable oils, ether phosphates, and cationic polymers.
従って本発明はまたポリグリセリンイソステアリン酸エ
ステルと水及び低級アルコールの外に更にワックス、流
動パラフィン、シリコンオイル。Therefore, in addition to polyglycerol isostearate, water and lower alcohol, the present invention also includes wax, liquid paraffin, and silicone oil.
動植物油、エーテルホス７Ｘ−ト、カチオンポリマーか
らなる高分子化合物を一種又は数種含有するアルコール
含水ゲル組成物をも提供するものである。The present invention also provides an alcohol-containing hydrogel composition containing one or more kinds of polymer compounds consisting of animal and vegetable oils, ether phosphates, and cationic polymers.
本発明によればかかる高分子化合物を含有するものも含
有せぬものも、いづれもさきにあげたポリエチレンオキ
シド高級アルコールエーテルなど従来用いられていたゲ
ル化剤を含有しておらずぬめシ感がなく良好な感触を持
ち、特に前記の如き化粧品の基材のほか虫よけクリーム
等の軟膏その他の医薬品の基材として或はまた高分子化
合物を含まぬものはチ璽コレートの柔軟化剤等の食品添
加−として等各種用途に有効に用いることができる〇
〔合成例−１〕
！〜ぶ量体のポリグリセリン！／ｊ Ｉとイソステアリ
ン酸参３０１１及び水酸化リチウムｔ、ｔｐを還流管、
温度計、ガス導入管及び攪拌機を付設した四ツロフラス
コに加えて炭酸ガスを通じながら。According to the present invention, both products containing such a polymer compound and those not containing such a polymer compound do not contain conventionally used gelling agents such as the above-mentioned polyethylene oxide higher alcohol ether and have a slimy feel. It has a good feel and is particularly useful as a base material for cosmetics as mentioned above, as well as for ointments such as insect repellent creams and other pharmaceutical products, or as a softening agent for those that do not contain polymeric compounds. It can be effectively used for various purposes such as food additives such as 〇 [Synthesis Example-1]! ~ Bulk polyglycerin! /j I, isostearic acid 3011 and lithium hydroxide t, tp in a reflux tube,
In addition to a four-way flask equipped with a thermometer, gas inlet tube, and stirrer, carbon dioxide gas was passed through it.
１１０℃から！”Ｃ／１０分の割で加熱させてココＯ℃
に達してから３０分間維持して反応を終了し、淡黄色粘
稠液体１７０１を得た。生成物は次の様な性質を示す。From 110℃! ”C/Heat it for 10 minutes and get it to O℃
After reaching this temperature, the reaction was completed for 30 minutes, and a pale yellow viscous liquid 1701 was obtained. The product exhibits the following properties.
酸 価 ０．！
ケン化価 タｒ
ヒトーａキシル価 ａｉｒ
〔合成例−２〕
ｊ〜を量体のポリグリセリン！／！ ｌｉとイソステア
リン酸７コｏｔｉ及び水酸化リチウム！、０９を〔合成
例−ｌ〕と同様に反応させると淡黄色粘稠液体／１００
１が得られた。生成物は次の様な性質を示す０
酸 ＠Ｏ９参
ケン化価 ｌココ
ヒドロキシル価 コア０
〔実施例−１〕
３１、Ｊｗｔ＠のエタノール水ｔｓ＠ＩＫ合成例−ｌの
ポリグリセリンイソステアレートυ部を加え、 ３゜℃
で均一に溶解させて冷却したところ透明感のあるゲルが
形成された。Acid value 0. ! Saponification value tar Human a-xyl value air [Synthesis Example-2] Polyglycerin with j ~! /! Li, 7-oti isostearate and lithium hydroxide! , 09 is reacted in the same manner as in [Synthesis Example-1] to form a pale yellow viscous liquid/100
1 was obtained. The product exhibits the following properties: 0 Acid @O9 Sansaponification value l Cocohydroxyl value Core 0 [Example-1] 31. Polyglycerol isostearate of Jwt@ ethanol water ts@IK synthesis example-l Add υ part, 3゜℃
When the mixture was uniformly dissolved and cooled, a transparent gel was formed.
このゲルは轄℃迄は安定であ、６．ａｔ’ｃでのチキン
指数はコ、ｊであシ、整髪剤として使用した場合、ぬめ
り感がなく、整髪力％良好であったＯ〔実施例−一〕
実施例−／に於いて合成例−ｌの化合物の代シに合成例
−２のポリグリセリンイソステアレ”−トを同量加えて
調製したゲルは透明感があシ弘Ｓ℃でも安定であった０
３℃でのチキソ指数はＪ、ｆであり、ぬめシ感もなく整
髪力も良好であったＯ〔実施例−３〕
実施例−ｌで用いた３３．．１ｑｌｔ工タノール水ｔｊ
部ＫＪｊｊＶｌｌの流動７２７４７５部とカチオンポリ
マー （Ｍａｒｋ社マーコー） ／ＤＯ） 、を部を混
合し、これに合成例−７のポリグリセリンインステアレ
ートを加えてＳＳＣで攪拌して溶解し冷却したところ透
明感のあるゲルが形成された。このゲルは弘Ｓ℃でも安
定であり、コ℃のチキン指数は３０．ｔであつた。6. This gel is stable up to 50°C. The chicken index at at'c was C, J was Ashi, and when used as a hair styling agent, there was no slimy feeling and the hair styling power% was O [Example-1] Synthesis example in Example-/ The gel prepared by adding the same amount of the polyglycerol isostearate of Synthesis Example-2 to the compound of -l had a transparent feel and was stable even at 0°C.
The thixotropic index at 3°C was J, f, and there was no slimy feeling and the hair styling ability was good [Example-3] 33. ．． 1qlt industrial tanol water tj
727,475 parts of cationic polymer (Mark Co., Ltd./DO) were mixed, and the polyglycerol instearate of Synthesis Example 7 was added to this, stirred in SSC to dissolve and cool. A gel with a texture was formed. This gel is stable even at Hiroshima S.C., with a chicken index of 30. It was t.
このゲルは整髪に使用した場合、感触が曳く、整髪力も
良好であった。When this gel was used for hair styling, it had a smooth feel and good hair styling ability.
実施例−ノで用いた１３，３％エタノール水ｔｊ部にサ
メの肝油たるスタフ２フ５部とエーテルホス７エート（
ヘキスト社ホスタフアットＫＯＪｔｏ）ｚ部を混合し、
これに合成例−ｌのポリグリセリンイソステアレートを
加えてお℃で攪拌して溶解し。To tj parts of the 13.3% ethanol water used in Example No. 2, 5 parts of shark liver oil Stuff and ether phos 7ate (
Hoechst Co., Ltd. Hostafut KOJto) z part is mixed,
The polyglycerol isostearate of Synthesis Example 1 was added to this and dissolved by stirring at °C.
冷却したところ透明感のあるゲルが形成された。Upon cooling, a transparent gel was formed.
このゲルは０℃でも安定であり、ｘ”ｃのチキソ指数は
コ、７であった。このゲルは整髪に使用した場合、感触
が曳く、乾かした場合、冷水ではベトっかず、シャンプ
ーでおち申すかうた〇
〔実施例−ｊ〕
実施例−参に於いてスクワランの代シに椿油を用いた場
合、同様のゲルが形成された。このゲルは轄℃でも安定
でＴｏ、６．ｇ’ｃのチキソ指数はコ、りであった。こ
のゲルを整髪に使用した場合、ぬめシ感がなく、乾かし
た場合、冷水でベトっかず。This gel was stable even at 0°C, and the thixotropic index of [Example-j] When camellia oil was used as a substitute for squalane in Example-3, a similar gel was formed. The thixotropic index of C was 0. When this gel was used for styling hair, it did not feel slimy, and when dried, it did not become sticky with cold water.
シャンプーでおちやすかった。It was easy to calm down with shampoo.
出願人代理人 猪 股 清Applicant's agent Kiyoshi Inomata
Claims (1)
低級アルコールを含むアルコール含水ゲル組成物０ コ、ポリグリ令すンイソステアリン駿エステルと水及び
低級アルコールを含み、更にワックス。 流動パラフィン、シリコンオイル、動植物油、エーテル
ホスフェート、カチオンポリマーからなる高分子化合物
を１種又は数種含有するアルコール含水ゲル組成物０ ３、ポリグリセリンイソステアリン酸エステルはｊ−を
量体のグリセリンからなるポリグリセリンに対して屹ル
比／Ｓ−Ｊのイソステアリン酸を反応させて見られた化
合物である特許請求の範囲第１項又は第２項記載のアル
コール含水ゲル組成１[Scope of Claims] 1. An alcohol-containing hydrogel composition containing polyglycerin isostearate, water and a lower alcohol; and further comprising a wax. Alcohol-containing gel composition containing one or more types of high molecular compounds consisting of liquid paraffin, silicone oil, animal and vegetable oils, ether phosphates, and cationic polymers 03, polyglycerol isostearate ester consists of j-mer glycerin Alcohol-containing hydrogel composition 1 according to claim 1 or 2, which is a compound obtained by reacting isostearic acid with a ratio of /S-J to polyglycerin.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56164451A JPS5864128A (en) | 1981-10-15 | 1981-10-15 | Alcohol-containing aqueous gel composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56164451A JPS5864128A (en) | 1981-10-15 | 1981-10-15 | Alcohol-containing aqueous gel composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5864128A true JPS5864128A (en) | 1983-04-16 |
| JPH0152051B2 JPH0152051B2 (en) | 1989-11-07 |
Family
ID=15793416
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56164451A Granted JPS5864128A (en) | 1981-10-15 | 1981-10-15 | Alcohol-containing aqueous gel composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5864128A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6185328A (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1986-04-30 | Kao Corp | Percutaneous absorption promoter and external preparation for skin containing same |
| JPS61137810A (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1986-06-25 | Nonogawa Shoji:Kk | Cosmetic |
| US4751075A (en) * | 1986-01-08 | 1988-06-14 | Redken Laboratories, Inc. | Anhydrous cosmetic compositions for thermal skin treatments |
| JP2009021853A (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-01-29 | Seiko Instruments Inc | Method of manufacturing piezoelectric vibrator, piezoelectric vibrator, oscillator, electronic device, and radio-controlled timepiece |
| JP2010087574A (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Nippon Dempa Kogyo Co Ltd | Piezoelectric vibration piece and piezoelectric device |
| JP2010136419A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2010-06-17 | Seiko Epson Corp | Tuning fork type piezoelectric vibrator |
| US8063546B2 (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2011-11-22 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Vibrator comprising two X-cut crystal substrates with an intermediate electrode |
| US8134284B2 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2012-03-13 | Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating pieces having similarly shaped vibrating-root and supporting root portions |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2560030C (en) | 2005-11-24 | 2013-11-12 | Sulzer Metco Ag | A thermal spraying material, a thermally sprayed coating, a thermal spraying method an also a thermally coated workpiece |
-
1981
- 1981-10-15 JP JP56164451A patent/JPS5864128A/en active Granted
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6185328A (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1986-04-30 | Kao Corp | Percutaneous absorption promoter and external preparation for skin containing same |
| JPH0764754B2 (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1995-07-12 | 花王株式会社 | Transdermal absorption enhancer and external preparation for skin containing the same |
| JPS61137810A (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1986-06-25 | Nonogawa Shoji:Kk | Cosmetic |
| US4751075A (en) * | 1986-01-08 | 1988-06-14 | Redken Laboratories, Inc. | Anhydrous cosmetic compositions for thermal skin treatments |
| JP2009021853A (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-01-29 | Seiko Instruments Inc | Method of manufacturing piezoelectric vibrator, piezoelectric vibrator, oscillator, electronic device, and radio-controlled timepiece |
| US8063546B2 (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2011-11-22 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Vibrator comprising two X-cut crystal substrates with an intermediate electrode |
| US8134284B2 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2012-03-13 | Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating pieces having similarly shaped vibrating-root and supporting root portions |
| JP2010087574A (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Nippon Dempa Kogyo Co Ltd | Piezoelectric vibration piece and piezoelectric device |
| JP2010136419A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2010-06-17 | Seiko Epson Corp | Tuning fork type piezoelectric vibrator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0152051B2 (en) | 1989-11-07 |
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