JPS5855020A - Filter for exhaust gas and treating system for fine particles - Google Patents
Filter for exhaust gas and treating system for fine particlesInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5855020A JPS5855020A JP15410781A JP15410781A JPS5855020A JP S5855020 A JPS5855020 A JP S5855020A JP 15410781 A JP15410781 A JP 15410781A JP 15410781 A JP15410781 A JP 15410781A JP S5855020 A JPS5855020 A JP S5855020A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- exhaust gas
- carrier
- network structure
- dimensional network
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、自動車等の内燃機関特にディーぞルエンジン
からの排出ガス中に含まれる微粒子を処理するためのフ
ィルタおよび誼フィルタを備えてなる微粒子処理系に関
するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a filter for treating particulates contained in exhaust gas from internal combustion engines such as automobiles, particularly diesel engines, and a particulate treatment system comprising a filter. .
上記微粒子は主としてカーボン、炭化水素および金属か
らなり、炭化水素燃料の不完全燃焼などによって発生す
る。この微粒子は、人気中に放出されると環境汚染上好
ましくないため、従来よりこの微粒子を除去または最小
にするための種々の技術が提案されており、その一つに
フィルタによる処理が挙げられる。このフィルタ6二よ
る処理は、微粒子をフィルタの空孔内に捕捉することに
よって行なわれ、成る種の構成のフィルタで微粒子が捕
捉できることが知られているが、従来のフィルタにあっ
ては下記のような欠点があった。丁なわち、微粒子が過
度にフィルタ内に蓄積してしまい、フィルタが容易に飽
和または動作不能になってしまうという問題である。The fine particles are mainly composed of carbon, hydrocarbons, and metals, and are generated due to incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuel. Since these fine particles are undesirable in terms of environmental pollution if released during public use, various techniques have been proposed to remove or minimize these fine particles, one of which is treatment with a filter. The processing by the filter 62 is carried out by trapping particulates within the pores of the filter, and it is known that particulates can be trapped by filters with various configurations, but conventional filters do not have the following characteristics: There were some drawbacks. The problem is that particulates can accumulate too much in the filter, making it easy for the filter to become saturated or inoperable.
また、こうした飽和等の状態となるのを回避するために
、種々のフィルタ再生方法も提案されているが、再生時
に大きなエネルギーを必要としたり、特定の運転域、た
とえば、高速高負荷域でしか有効でなかったり、また再
生頻度が高かったりして、どれも実用的に満足のいくも
のではなかった。In addition, various filter regeneration methods have been proposed to avoid such conditions such as saturation, but they require a large amount of energy during regeneration or are only available in specific operating ranges, such as high-speed and high-load ranges. None of them were practically satisfactory, either because they were not effective or because they were regenerated frequently.
本発明の目的は、捕捉された微粒子によって簡単には飽
和等にならず、かつ、再生処理を必要とする場合でも、
この処理を比較的少量のエネルギーで行ないうるフィル
タおよび該フィルタを備えた微粒子処理系を提供するこ
とにある。The purpose of the present invention is to prevent the particles from becoming easily saturated with captured particles, and even when regeneration treatment is required.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a filter that can perform this treatment with a relatively small amount of energy, and a particulate treatment system equipped with the filter.
本発明のフィルタは、セリウム、ランタンおよび銀から
なる群より選ばれた単体少なくとも1種を三次元網目構
造の無機質担体に担持したことを特徴とするものである
。The filter of the present invention is characterized in that at least one element selected from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, and silver is supported on an inorganic carrier having a three-dimensional network structure.
この場合、担体としては、ゴージエライトまたはアルミ
ナ等の無機質多孔性物質よりなる三次元網目構造物が使
用される。このような担体は、有機質多孔性物質、たと
えば、ポリウレタンフォームを前記無機物質のスラリー
中に浸漬11、有機多孔性物質の表面(二無機物質層を
形成したのち、乾燥、焼成することによって得ることが
できる。上記単体な担体に担持させるに除しては、担体
表面にさらにアルミナ層を形成すると都合成い、また、
より具体的は、上記コージェライトを製造する場合、通
常の如く原料として滑石、水酸化アルミニウム(または
アルミナ)および粘土からなる混合物を使用し、シリカ
、アルミナおよびマグネシアが適当な化学組成となるよ
うに調整するとよい。In this case, a three-dimensional network structure made of an inorganic porous material such as gougeite or alumina is used as the carrier. Such a carrier can be obtained by dipping an organic porous material, for example, a polyurethane foam, into a slurry of the inorganic material, forming an inorganic material layer on the surface of the organic porous material, and then drying and baking. In addition to supporting the above-mentioned single carrier, it is convenient to further form an alumina layer on the carrier surface, and
More specifically, when producing the above-mentioned cordierite, a mixture of talc, aluminum hydroxide (or alumina) and clay is used as a raw material as usual, and silica, alumina and magnesia are mixed to have an appropriate chemical composition. You may want to adjust it.
こうしたフィルタを微粒子処理系に備える場合、フィル
タを排気系に位置させることは当然であるが、フィルタ
の再生処理を助けるために、丁なわち、再生処理時にお
ける排出ガス温度を多少上げるために、フィルタとは別
途に、たとえば、排気系にはバーナまたはヒ、−夕など
を有する加熱装置を、また吸気系にはスロットリングな
どを有する空気流量調節装置を備えるとよい。When such a filter is installed in a particulate treatment system, it is natural to place the filter in the exhaust system, but in order to aid the regeneration process of the filter, in other words, to somewhat increase the temperature of the exhaust gas during the regeneration process, Separately from the filter, for example, the exhaust system may be provided with a heating device including a burner or a heater, and the intake system may be provided with an air flow rate regulating device including a throttling device.
以下、実施例に従って本発明の詳細な説明する、
実施例1
シリカ(810,) 51重量%、アルミナ(A120
3)35重量%およびマグネシア(MjlO) 14重
量−の化学組成となるように選ばれた滑石、水酸化アル
ミニウム(またはアルミナ)および粘土からなる配合物
を水と混合して光分(二攪拌し、あらかじめスラリー化
しておく、市販の発泡状ポリウレタンフォーム(平均空
孔径:0.5箇)を100■φX 100箇の円柱状に
切り出し、前記スラリー中に浸漬し次いでこのスラリー
から引き上げ、余分なスラリーを吹き払った後、乾燥固
化した。その後、1400℃の電気炉で3時間焼成して
@1図(ト))の如き三次元網目構造をなすフィルタ基
材ムを得た。なお、#pJ1図(a)はフィルタ基材(
フィルタも四様)を示す外観図であり、第1図(b)は
その一部拡大断面図であり、1が微粒子の捕捉される空
孔である。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail according to examples. Example 1 Silica (810,) 51% by weight, alumina (A120,
3) A formulation consisting of talc, aluminum hydroxide (or alumina) and clay, chosen to have a chemical composition of 35% by weight and 14% by weight of magnesia (MjlO), was mixed with water and mixed with water (with two stirrings). A commercially available expanded polyurethane foam (average pore diameter: 0.5), which has been made into a slurry in advance, is cut out into 100 cylindrical pieces of 100 mm diameter, immersed in the slurry, and then pulled out of the slurry to remove the excess slurry. After blowing away, it was dried and solidified. Thereafter, it was fired in an electric furnace at 1400° C. for 3 hours to obtain a filter base material having a three-dimensional network structure as shown in Figure 1 (G)). In addition, #pJ1 diagram (a) shows the filter base material (
FIG. 1(b) is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the filter, in which numerals 1 indicate pores in which fine particles are captured.
次に、フィルタ基材ムを活性アルミナ、アル電ナゾルお
よび水からなるスラ9−に浸漬した後、取り出して余分
なスラリーを吹き払い、】20℃で3時間乾燥し、その
後800℃で1時間焼成した。この操作により、フィル
タ基材ムの表面C二全量に対して20重量−のアルミナ
コート層を形成した。次に、硝駿第−セリウム((Ss
(No −511G )水溶液に上記アルミナコー8
)S 雰
ト層を形成したフィルタ基材Bを充分浸漬した後、取り
出して120℃で3時間乾燥し、600°Cで2時間焼
成した。この操作により、セリウム担持量が全量に対し
て10重量%であるフィルタO(AI )を得た。Next, the filter base material was immersed in a slurry consisting of activated alumina, Aldenazol, and water, taken out, and the excess slurry was blown off. It was dried at 20°C for 3 hours, and then at 800°C for 1 hour. Fired. By this operation, an alumina coating layer was formed in an amount of 20% by weight based on the total amount of C on the surface of the filter base material. Next, let us introduce the following:
(No -511G) The above alumina coat 8 was added to the aqueous solution.
) After the filter base material B on which the S atmosphere layer was formed was sufficiently immersed, it was taken out, dried at 120°C for 3 hours, and baked at 600°C for 2 hours. Through this operation, a filter O(AI) was obtained in which the amount of cerium supported was 10% by weight based on the total amount.
こうして得たフィルタ0を容器に装入することによりフ
ィルタ装WIDとし、このフィルタ装置りをディーゼル
エンジツの排気管堪;接続した。The thus obtained filter 0 was placed in a container to form a filter assembly WID, and this filter assembly was connected to the exhaust pipe of a diesel engine.
こうした一連のフィルタの処理工程を第2図に示テ。A series of such filter processing steps is shown in FIG.
一方、エンジンの1気系には、第3因(a) (kl)
に示したように、空気流量調節装[2を設けた。On the other hand, in the 1st air system of the engine, the third factor (a) (kl)
As shown in Figure 2, an air flow rate adjustment device [2] was provided.
なお、第3゛図(IL)は微粒子処理系を示した概略図
であり、3はエンジン%4は吸気系、そして5は排気系
を示し、また第3図(lは空気流量調節装W2を簡略に
示したものである。この場合、該調節装w2は、吸気流
量を紋るための紋り弁6、アクチュエータ7および制御
装置8からなり、制御装置8からの電気信号により作動
するアクチュエータ7によって、紋り弁6の紋り状態が
調節されるようになっている。In addition, FIG. 3 (IL) is a schematic diagram showing the particulate treatment system, 3 is the engine, 4 is the intake system, 5 is the exhaust system, and FIG. In this case, the adjustment device w2 is composed of a control valve 6 for controlling the intake flow rate, an actuator 7, and a control device 8, and the actuator is operated by an electric signal from the control device 8. 7, the embroidery state of the embroidery valve 6 is adjusted.
実施例2
フィルタ基材Bを硝酸銀(A、9NO3)水溶液に浸漬
すること以外は実施例と同様な手順により、銀担持量が
5重量−であるフィルタC(ム2)を得た。Example 2 A filter C (M2) having a supported silver amount of 5 weight was obtained by the same procedure as in Example except that the filter base material B was immersed in a silver nitrate (A, 9NO3) aqueous solution.
さらに、このフィルタ0を用いて、実施例1と同様に得
たフィルタ装置iDをディーゼルエンジンの排気管に接
続した。Furthermore, using this filter 0, the filter device iD obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was connected to the exhaust pipe of a diesel engine.
また、フィルタmtD内であってフィルタOの排気ガス
上流側近傍に、第4図に示すように、排気ガス加熱装[
9を設けた。なお、第4図(a)はフィルタ装置iD周
辺を示した概略図であり、第4図((9)は排出ガス流
通方向からみた排出ガス加熱装置を簡略に示したもので
ある。この場合、加熱装置9はヒータ10.バッテリー
11および制御装置12からなり、通電されるようにな
っている。In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, an exhaust gas heating device [
9 was set. Note that FIG. 4(a) is a schematic diagram showing the vicinity of the filter device iD, and FIG. The heating device 9 includes a heater 10, a battery 11, and a control device 12, and is energized.
比較例1
セリウムを担持しないフィルタ0(対照1)を用いて実
施例1と同様な微粒子処理系とした。Comparative Example 1 A particulate treatment system similar to that of Example 1 was prepared using Filter 0 (Control 1) that did not support cerium.
比較例2
銀を担持しないフィルタO(対照2)を用いて実施例2
と同様な微粒子処理系を得た。Comparative Example 2 Example 2 using filter O that does not support silver (control 2)
A particle treatment system similar to that was obtained.
こうして得られた各側のフィルタおよび微粒子処理系に
ついて、次のような試験を行なった。The following tests were conducted on the filters and particulate treatment system on each side thus obtained.
まず第1の試験として、ディーゼルエンジンを2000
回転、トルク3 kg fanで3時間運転することに
より、各フィルタCの背圧上昇についてiべた。その結
果を、下記表に示す。First, as a first test, a diesel engine was
The increase in back pressure of each filter C was determined by operating the filter at a fan rotation and torque of 3 kg for 3 hours. The results are shown in the table below.
表 照1.2)1″−比して、各々小さい。table 1.2) 1″- each smaller than the other.
次に、各微粒子処理系の効果を比較するため仁、爪2の
試験を行なった。丁なわち、実施例1および比較例1に
ついては、一方においては、菖lの試験の設定値よりも
エンジン回転数およびトルクを上昇させ、他方(:おい
ては、紋り弁を吸気負圧が200 mH9になるように
紋ることにより、また実施例2および比較例2について
はヒータの電流値を15ムに設定することにより、排出
ガス温度を上昇させて、フィルタ前後の圧力損失の変化
を調べた。これらの結果のうち、実施例1および比較例
1に係るものを第5図に示す。なお、図において、熟卵
は実施例1のもの、白印は比較例1のものであり、また
O印はIllの試験にひきつづいて行なった第2の試験
において圧力損失が低下1丁なわち、捕集した微粒子が
燃焼する場合であり、Δ印は逆に圧力損失が変化なしま
たは上昇する場合である。Next, in order to compare the effects of each particulate treatment system, a test was conducted on lin and nail 2. In other words, for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, on the one hand, the engine speed and torque were increased above the set values for the iris test, and on the other hand, the intake valve was By setting the current value of the heater to 200 mH9 for Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, the exhaust gas temperature was increased and the pressure loss before and after the filter changed. Among these results, those related to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Figure 5. In the figure, the boiled eggs are those of Example 1, and the white marks are those of Comparative Example 1. In addition, the O mark indicates that the pressure drop decreases in the second test conducted following the Ill test, that is, the collected particles are burned, and the Δ mark indicates that the pressure drop does not change or is combusted. This is the case when it rises.
この図かられかるように、実施例1の微粒子捕捉系は対
応する比較例1のものに比して、捕捉された微粒子の燃
焼領域が広く、実用上好ましい。As can be seen from this figure, the particulate capture system of Example 1 has a wider combustion area for captured particulates than the corresponding system of Comparative Example 1, which is preferable for practical use.
また、実施例2および比較例2の場合には、エンジンを
第1の試験の状態にしておいてヒータを通電し、圧力損
失の経時変化を観測した。In addition, in the case of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, the engine was kept in the state of the first test, the heater was energized, and the change in pressure loss over time was observed.
第6図に見られる、ように実施例2の微粒子捕捉系は、
比較例2のものと比して約4 の時間で初期背圧に戻る
ことがわかる。すなわち、消費電力は4 であり、実用
上好ましい。As seen in FIG. 6, the particle trapping system of Example 2 is as follows:
It can be seen that the initial back pressure was returned to the initial back pressure in about 4 hours compared to Comparative Example 2. That is, the power consumption is 4, which is practically preferable.
さらに、実施例1の微粒子処理系を実際の車に適用し、
具体的には、エンジン回転数200゜rpm以上で紋り
弁が働くようにして市街地走行すると%微粒子の過度の
蓄積がなく、また背圧上昇による運転障害もなく運転で
きることが確―された。Furthermore, the particulate treatment system of Example 1 was applied to an actual car,
Specifically, it was confirmed that when the vehicle was driven in urban areas with the engine rotation speed of 200° rpm or more with the brake valve activated, there was no excessive accumulation of % particulates, and the vehicle could be driven without any driving problems due to increased back pressure.
以上の如く1本発明のフィルタによれば、燃焼の触媒的
役割を果たす単体を担持せしめたことから、捕捉された
微粒子をより燃焼し易くすることが可能となるため、従
来のものに比して背圧上昇を抑えることができ、また該
フィルタを用いてなる微粒子処理系によれば、再生処理
において、排出ガス温度を多少上げるだけでその効果が
発揮される。As described above, the filter of the present invention supports a simple substance that plays a catalytic role in combustion, making it possible to more easily burn the captured particulates, compared to conventional filters. In addition, according to a particulate treatment system using the filter, the effect can be exhibited by simply raising the exhaust gas temperature to some extent in the regeneration process.
第1因(a)は、本発明に係るフィルタ基材を示す外観
因、
第1図((9)は、上記フィルタ基材の内部構造を示す
一部拡大断面図、
第2図は、本発明に係る一連のフィルタの一理工程を示
すフローシート、
第3図(a)は、本発明の実施例1に係る微粒子処理系
を示す概略図、
第3図(神は、上記微粒子処理系に備えられる空気流量
調節装置を示す概略図、
第4図(a)は、本発明の実施例2に係る微粒子処理系
を示す概略図。
菖411(t))は、上記微粒子Jl!&鳳系に備見ら
れる#出ガス加熱装置を示す概略E。
第swJは、実施例1&よび比較例1についての、試験
0@呆を示すグツ7゜
116 glEIa、 jIl′llAl12 h 1
(FJt験H2Kッh”cの、試験O結果を示すグ2
7、
を表わす。
0・・・フィルタ
2・・・空気流量調節装置
9−・排出ガス加電装置。
(はか1名)
5Plr!!J
(0) (b)才2図
才3〜
(G)
才4図The first factor (a) is an external appearance factor showing the filter base material according to the present invention, Figure 1 ((9) is a partially enlarged sectional view showing the internal structure of the filter base material, FIG. 3(a) is a schematic diagram showing a particulate treatment system according to Example 1 of the present invention; FIG. Fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram showing a particulate treatment system according to Example 2 of the present invention. Schematic E showing the # output gas heating device provided in the system. The swJ is the test 0 @ test 7゜116 glEIa, jIl'llAl12 h 1 for Example 1 & Comparative Example 1.
(G2 showing the test O results of FJt test H2Kh”c
7. Represents. 0...Filter 2...Air flow rate adjustment device 9--Exhaust gas power supply device. (1 person) 5Plr! ! J (0) (b) Age 2 figure Age 3~ (G) Age 4 figure
Claims (3)
選ばれた単体束なくとも1種を三次元網目構造の無機質
担体に担持したことを特徴とする排出ガスフィルタ。(1) An exhaust gas filter characterized in that at least one single bundle selected from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, and silver is supported on an inorganic carrier having a three-dimensional network structure.
選ばれた単体束なくとも1種を三次元網目構造の無機質
担体表面に担持してなるフィルタを排気系に備え、かつ
、空気流量調節装置を吸気系に備えたことを特徴とする
微粒子処理系。(2) The exhaust system is equipped with a filter in which at least one single bundle selected from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, and silver is supported on the surface of an inorganic carrier having a three-dimensional network structure, and an air flow rate adjustment device is installed in the intake system. A particulate processing system characterized by the following:
選ばれた単体束なくとも1種を三次元網目構造の無機質
担体表面に担持してなるフィルタを排気系に備え、かつ
、排出ガス加熱装置を前記排気系であって前記フィルタ
の排出ガス上流側近傍に備えたことを特徴とする微粒子
処理系。(3) The exhaust system is equipped with a filter in which at least one single bundle selected from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, and silver is supported on the surface of an inorganic carrier having a three-dimensional network structure, and the exhaust gas heating device is installed in the exhaust system. A particulate processing system, which is an exhaust system and is provided near the exhaust gas upstream side of the filter.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP15410781A JPS5855020A (en) | 1981-09-29 | 1981-09-29 | Filter for exhaust gas and treating system for fine particles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP15410781A JPS5855020A (en) | 1981-09-29 | 1981-09-29 | Filter for exhaust gas and treating system for fine particles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5855020A true JPS5855020A (en) | 1983-04-01 |
Family
ID=15577070
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP15410781A Pending JPS5855020A (en) | 1981-09-29 | 1981-09-29 | Filter for exhaust gas and treating system for fine particles |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5855020A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6644020B2 (en) | 2001-09-25 | 2003-11-11 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Device and method for regenerating an exhaust gas aftertreatment device |
-
1981
- 1981-09-29 JP JP15410781A patent/JPS5855020A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6644020B2 (en) | 2001-09-25 | 2003-11-11 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Device and method for regenerating an exhaust gas aftertreatment device |
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