JPS5829645Y2 - Signal generator that uses the power grid - Google Patents
Signal generator that uses the power gridInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5829645Y2 JPS5829645Y2 JP1979104932U JP10493279U JPS5829645Y2 JP S5829645 Y2 JPS5829645 Y2 JP S5829645Y2 JP 1979104932 U JP1979104932 U JP 1979104932U JP 10493279 U JP10493279 U JP 10493279U JP S5829645 Y2 JPS5829645 Y2 JP S5829645Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- power system
- signal
- output
- pulse generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
- H02J13/00009—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission using pulsed signals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
- Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】 本考案は・電力系統を利用する信号発生装置に関する。[Detailed explanation of the idea] The present invention relates to a signal generator that utilizes a power system.
電力網が信号の伝送のために用いられることは周知であ
る。It is well known that power grids are used for the transmission of signals.
遠隔制御技術では、例えば送信器からの交流パルス、好
1しくは可聴周波数が、リンク結合によって中央の場所
で電力系統に重畳される。In remote control technology, for example, alternating current pulses, preferably audio frequencies, from a transmitter are superimposed on the power system at a central location by link coupling.
これらの交流パルスは電力系統全体へ広がシ、任意の個
所において周知の手段によって電力系統から取シ出され
、例えば遠隔制御の目的のために指令を実行する。These alternating current pulses are spread throughout the power system and can be taken out of the power system at any point by well-known means to carry out commands, for example for remote control purposes.
遠隔制御では前述の信号の必要な伝搬方向は電力系統に
おけるエネルギの流し方向に一致する。In remote control, the required direction of propagation of said signals corresponds to the direction of energy flow in the power system.
エネルギの流れ方向とは逆方向へ信号を伝送するために
電力線を用いることも提案されている。It has also been proposed to use power lines to transmit signals in a direction opposite to the direction of energy flow.
遠隔制御の第1の場合では、唯一の中央送信機と多数の
受信機を用いるのが標準的な実施であるのに対し、第2
の場合は特に、複数の送信機によって電力系統の外部の
多くの場所から、1つあるいは少しの受信機をもつ中央
の場所へ信号を伝送することに関する。In the first case of remote control, the standard practice is to use only one central transmitter and multiple receivers, whereas in the second case
The case particularly concerns the transmission of signals from many locations outside the power system by means of a plurality of transmitters to a central location with one or a few receivers.
第2の場合に必要とされる多数の送信機のために、それ
らの費用を下げることカ経済上必要とされる。Due to the large number of transmitters required in the second case, it is economically necessary to reduce their cost.
しかしこのことにもかかわらず、それらは切迫した技術
的な必要を満たさなければならない。However, despite this, they must meet pressing technical needs.
同じ電力系統に作用する多数の送信機のために、それら
の送信出力も、費用上だけでなく、隣接するデータ送信
に釦いてこれらの送信機からの信号によって起こり得る
干渉の点からも、この場合には遠隔制御の場合に比較し
て著しく下げられなければならない。Due to the large number of transmitters acting on the same power system, their transmit power is also limited, not only in terms of cost, but also in terms of possible interference caused by signals from these transmitters on adjacent data transmissions. In some cases, this has to be significantly lower than in the case of remote control.
同様な送信機に関して今昔で提唱されているものは、例
えば電力系統へ接続されている主周波数のパルス励振の
発振回路に基づいている(例えばスイス国特許明細書第
442.505号、英国特許明細書第1,148,55
3号)。Similar transmitters proposed in the past are based on oscillator circuits with pulsed excitation at the mains frequency, which are connected to the power system, for example (e.g. Swiss Patent Specification No. 442.505, British Patent Specification No. Book 1,148,55
No. 3).
この種の送信機は不連続な周波数だけでなく、比較的ち
密に占められる範囲の振動を発生する。This type of transmitter generates vibrations not only at discrete frequencies, but also at relatively closely occupied ranges.
実際の適用では、これは、同じ電力系統内の他の不連続
周波数を同時に用いることを困難にするか不可能にする
。In practical applications, this makes it difficult or impossible to use other discrete frequencies within the same power system simultaneously.
これは、特に多くの源から発するデータが伝送される場
合に深刻な不利となる。This is a serious disadvantage, especially when data originating from many sources is being transmitted.
本考案の目的は、電力系統に釦いて電力エネルギの流れ
方向とは逆方向へ信号を送るのに有利な、すなわち低送
信力、安価、および干渉の少ない信号発生装置を提供す
ることである。The object of the present invention is to provide a signal generator that is advantageous for transmitting a signal in a power system in a direction opposite to the direction of power energy flow, that is, has low transmission power, is inexpensive, and has little interference.
本考案の有利な適用で観察されるように、電力系統が周
波数f8の信号を伝送する通信路として用いられるなら
ば、比較的高い雑音レベルが通信路に釦いて予想される
。As observed in an advantageous application of the invention, if the power system is used as a communication channel for transmitting signals of frequency f8, relatively high noise levels can be expected on the communication channel.
実験は、干渉電圧が主周波数fNの高い高調波であるこ
とを示した。Experiments have shown that the interference voltage is a high harmonic of the main frequency fN.
したがって非常に重要なことは、最適な信号周波数f8
を選択することである。Therefore, what is very important is that the optimal signal frequency f8
is to choose.
比較的ち密な干渉周波数範囲のために、受信端における
帯域幅をできるだけ狭く維持することが賢明である。Due to the relatively dense interference frequency range, it is advisable to keep the bandwidth at the receiving end as narrow as possible.
例えば周波数fsの信号によって伝送されるデータの特
性によって必要とされる幅だけにちょうど制限する。For example, it is limited to just the width required by the characteristics of the data transmitted by the signal at frequency fs.
電力系統においてエネルギの流れ方向とは逆方向に信号
が広がり、伝送出力が通常の遠隔制御技術より数倍低い
と考えられる。It is believed that the signal spreads in the opposite direction to the direction of energy flow in the power system, and the transmitted power is several times lower than with normal remote control techniques.
制限された帯域幅と高い選択度に加えて、この目的に適
した受信機も、弱い信号のみが受信されるので、高い選
択度を示さなければならない。In addition to limited bandwidth and high selectivity, a receiver suitable for this purpose must also exhibit high selectivity, since only weak signals are received.
主周波数fN もその高調波である干渉周波数も時間に
対して一定ではないので、一定の信号周波数fsが、全
ての事情の下で、すなわち主周波数fNがその理想レベ
ルから異常に偏移するときさえも、隣接する干渉周波数
から十分な間隔率をなお示す適当な信号周波数f、を発
見した場合に特に困難である。Since neither the dominant frequency fN nor its harmonics, the interference frequency, are constant over time, a constant signal frequency fs is maintained under all circumstances, i.e. when the dominant frequency fN deviates abnormally from its ideal level. This is particularly difficult when finding a suitable signal frequency f, which still exhibits a sufficient spacing ratio from adjacent interfering frequencies.
したがって主周波数fNが一定でない信号周波数f8を
選択することは非常に有利である。It is therefore very advantageous to select a signal frequency f8 at which the main frequency fN is not constant.
この信号周波数f8を主周波数fNに対して固定した関
係に維持することは特に有利である。It is particularly advantageous to maintain this signal frequency f8 in a fixed relationship to the main frequency fN.
隣接する干渉周波数からの信号周波数f8の間隔率がこ
うして、主周波数fNの変動が生じるときにさえ、損わ
れずに維持される。The spacing ratio of the signal frequency f8 from adjacent interfering frequencies is thus kept intact even when fluctuations of the main frequency fN occur.
主周波数fNとともに周知の態様で変化する信号周波数
f8に、応答周波数が自動的に適合する受信機は、例え
ばスイス国特許明細書第424,968号で周知である
。A receiver whose response frequency automatically adapts to the signal frequency f8, which varies in a known manner with the main frequency fN, is known, for example, from Swiss Patent Specification No. 424,968.
周波数f8に同調される発振回路をパルス励振すること
によって、周波数f8の発振が簡単な手段によって発生
され得る。Oscillations at frequency f8 can be generated by simple means by pulse exciting an oscillator circuit tuned to frequency f8.
しかし、必要な信号周波数f8に加えて可聴信号周波数
f8に加えて、可聴周波数の励振の原理で機能する周知
の送信機も\多かれ少なかれ広い範囲の望1しくない干
渉周波数を発生する。However, in addition to the required signal frequency f8 and the audio signal frequency f8, known transmitters that work on the principle of excitation of audio frequencies also generate a more or less wide range of undesired interference frequencies.
本考案によれば、電力系統の主周波数fNに対して固定
した関係をもつ周波数f8の伝送信号を電力系統内に発
生する装置に釦いて、主周波数の制御信号源へ人力を接
続されているパルス発生器が設けられ、このパルス発生
器は周波数逓倍器とパルス成形器に対して直列な分局器
とを含み、入力がパルス発生器の出力へ接続されている
制御可能なスイッチング素子が設けられ、電力系統へ接
続されかつ少なくともほぼ周波数f8に同調される発振
回路が設けられ、この発振回路は・スイッチング素子に
よって制御される回路へ結合されている。According to the present invention, human power is connected to the control signal source of the main frequency by pressing a button on a device that generates a transmission signal of frequency f8 in the power grid, which has a fixed relationship with the main frequency fN of the power grid. A pulse generator is provided, the pulse generator including a frequency multiplier and a splitter in series with the pulse shaper, and a controllable switching element having an input connected to an output of the pulse generator. , an oscillator circuit connected to the power system and tuned at least approximately to a frequency f8 is provided, the oscillator circuit being coupled to a circuit controlled by a switching element.
次に図面を参照して本考案の実施例を説明する。Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
以下に記載されている送信機の種々の実施例は、広い範
囲の望1しくない干渉周波数を発生する不利なほぼ除か
れている。The various embodiments of the transmitter described below substantially eliminate the disadvantage of generating a wide range of unwanted interference frequencies.
それらすべては、エネルギが必要周波数f8の各サイク
ル中に少iくとも1回、好1しくはlサイクルのl/4
の間、はぼ周波数fsに少なくとも同調する発振回路へ
パルスによって送られるという事実に基づく。All of them require energy at least once during each cycle of the required frequency f8, preferably l/4 of l cycles.
It is based on the fact that during the period of time, the pulse is sent by a pulse to an oscillator circuit tuned at least to the frequency fs.
第1図は第1の実施例の簡単な回路図である。FIG. 1 is a simple circuit diagram of a first embodiment.
コイル2とコンデンサ3とをもつLC発振回路1は主電
圧UNで周波数fNの電力系統の位相導体Pと中性導体
Oとへ接続される。An LC oscillator circuit 1 with a coil 2 and a capacitor 3 is connected to a phase conductor P and a neutral conductor O of a power system with a mains voltage UN and a frequency fN.
LC発振回路1は電力系統のインピーダンスを介して閉
じられている。The LC oscillation circuit 1 is closed via the impedance of the power system.
したがってLC発振回路1内で発生する任意の発振電流
が、位相導体Pを通って供給点へさらにそこから中性導
体Cへほぼ流れる。Any oscillating current generated in the LC oscillator circuit 1 therefore flows substantially through the phase conductor P to the supply point and from there to the neutral conductor C.
制御可能なスイッチング素子5はコイル2に結合する巻
線4を介してKC発振回路1へ結合される。The controllable switching element 5 is coupled to the KC oscillator circuit 1 via a winding 4 which is coupled to the coil 2 .
第1図に示される実施例ではスイッチングトランジスタ
が制御可能なスイッチング素子5として作用する。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a switching transistor acts as controllable switching element 5. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
しかし他の周知の特に半導体技術で周知の制御可能なス
イッチング素子、例えばサイリスタ等もこの目的のため
に用いられてよい。However, other controllable switching elements known in particular from semiconductor technology, such as thyristors, etc., may also be used for this purpose.
スイッチングトランジスタのエミッタ6/d、41m7
を介して端子8へ接続される。Emitter of switching transistor 6/d, 41m7
is connected to terminal 8 via.
スイッチングトランジスタのコレクタ9は結合巻線4お
よび抵抗10を介して端子11へ接続される。The collector 9 of the switching transistor is connected to a terminal 11 via a coupling winding 4 and a resistor 10.
供給電圧Uは端子8と11との間に印加される。A supply voltage U is applied between terminals 8 and 11.
供給電圧Uは例えば、位相導体Pと中性導体Oとへ接続
されている周知の形態の給電線によって周知の態様で発
生される。The supply voltage U is generated in a known manner, for example, by a feed line of a known type connected to a phase conductor P and a neutral conductor O.
制御可能なスイッチング素子5の制御入力、すなわちス
イッチングトランジスタ5のベース12は導線13を介
してパルス発生器15の出力14へ接続される。The control input of the controllable switching element 5 , ie the base 12 of the switching transistor 5 , is connected via a conductor 13 to the output 14 of the pulse generator 15 .
パルス発生器15は端子11−8へそれぞれ導線16.
17を介して接続される。Pulse generator 15 connects conductors 16. to terminals 11-8, respectively.
17.
パルス発生器15の一方の入力18は導線19を介して
位相導体Pへ接続される。One input 18 of the pulse generator 15 is connected to the phase conductor P via a line 19.
パルス発生器15は、発生される繰返し周波数が信号周
波数f8に一致するパルスを発生する。The pulse generator 15 generates pulses whose repetition frequency matches the signal frequency f8.
制御可能なスイッチング素子5はこれらのパルスによっ
て制御される。The controllable switching element 5 is controlled by these pulses.
電流パルスは周波数f8の繰返しでスイッチング素子5
の給電回路の結合巻線4を介して流れ、LC発振回路1
が周波数f8の強制振動に励起される。The current pulse is repeatedly applied to the switching element 5 at a frequency f8.
The current flows through the coupled winding 4 of the power supply circuit of the LC oscillator circuit 1.
is excited by forced vibration of frequency f8.
パルス発生器15によって発生されるパルス周波数f8
は、導線19を介してパルス発生器15へ以下に記載さ
れる態様で送られる主周波数信号によって主周波数fN
に対して固定した関係に維持される。Pulse frequency f8 generated by pulse generator 15
is determined by the main frequency signal fN, which is sent via conductor 19 to pulse generator 15 in the manner described below.
maintained in a fixed relationship to
パルス発生器15からのパルス、釦よび結合巻線4を介
して流れる電流パルスは好筐しくは、休止率l:3をも
つ。The pulses from the pulse generator 15, the current pulses flowing through the button and the coupling winding 4 preferably have a pause ratio l:3.
LC発振回路1の干渉性の励振によってほぼ一定の増幅
釦よび周波数の発振力^減衰サイクルを発生する他の周
知のパルス励振送信機とは対照的に生じる。The coherent excitation of the LC oscillator circuit 1 results in contrast to other known pulse-excited transmitters which generate an oscillating power^decay cycle of approximately constant amplification and frequency.
次に第2図を参照して第2の形式の送信機を実施例とし
て、特にパルス発生器15の構造および作動方法を強調
して説明する。Referring now to FIG. 2, a second type of transmitter will now be described as an example, with particular emphasis on the structure and method of operation of the pulse generator 15.
第1図および第2図において同じ構成要素は同じ符号で
示す。Components that are the same in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are designated by the same reference numerals.
パルス発生器15は周波数逓倍器20を含む。Pulse generator 15 includes a frequency multiplier 20 .
適当な周波数逓倍器の1つの実施例は、主周波数fNの
高周波に周知の態様で同期される発振器である。One example of a suitable frequency multiplier is an oscillator that is synchronized in a known manner to a high frequency of the main frequency fN.
パルス発生器15の入力18は周波数逓倍器20の入力
21へ接続され″〔いる。Input 18 of pulse generator 15 is connected to input 21 of frequency multiplier 20.
周波数逓倍器20の出力22は分周器24の人力23へ
接続されている。The output 22 of the frequency multiplier 20 is connected to the input power 23 of the frequency divider 24.
分周器24の出力25はパルス整形器27の入力26へ
接続され、パルス整形器27の出力28はパルス発生器
15の出力14へ接続されている。The output 25 of the frequency divider 24 is connected to the input 26 of the pulse shaper 27, and the output 28 of the pulse shaper 27 is connected to the output 14 of the pulse generator 15.
第1図を参照して記載したように、パルス発生器の出力
14は制御可能なスイッチング素子5の人力へ接続され
ている。As described with reference to FIG. 1, the output 14 of the pulse generator is connected to the controllable switching element 5.
周波数逓倍器20も、送られてくる制御周波数fNのn
倍の周波数で振動するマルチバイブレータの形式であり
得る。The frequency multiplier 20 also uses n of the control frequency fN that is sent.
It can be in the form of a multivibrator that vibrates at twice the frequency.
したがって周波数逓倍器20の出力周波数はnfNとな
る。Therefore, the output frequency of the frequency multiplier 20 is nfN.
この周波数は、分割比l:Pに調整されている分周器2
4へ送られる。This frequency is determined by a frequency divider 2 which is adjusted to a division ratio l:P.
Sent to 4.
こうして分周器24の出力周波数はとなり、必要な信号
周波数に等し
い0
例えば単安定フリップフロップの形態である次段のパル
ス整形器は、発振回路の励振に関する限り有利である例
えばl:3の休止比のパルス周波数する。The output frequency of the frequency divider 24 is thus equal to the required signal frequency 0 The next stage pulse shaper, for example in the form of a monostable flip-flop, is advantageous as far as the excitation of the oscillator circuit is concerned, e.g. Ratio of pulse frequency to.
パルス発生器15の出力14に到達する繰返し周波数f
8のパルスはその後、周波数fsの発振の各サイクルに
おいてlサイクルのl/4だけ制御可能スイッチング素
子5を駆動するので、LC発振回路1は結合巻線4トよ
びその給電回路内の制御可能なスイッチング素子5を介
して流れる電流パルスによって、f8で励振される。The repetition frequency f reaching the output 14 of the pulse generator 15
The 8 pulses then drive the controllable switching element 5 by 1/4 of 1 cycles in each cycle of oscillation of frequency fs, so that the LC oscillator circuit 1 drives the controllable switching element 5 in the coupled winding 4 and its feed circuit. It is excited at f8 by the current pulse flowing through the switching element 5.
信号周波数f8が50 c / S (理想値)の主周
波数に対して275c/s(理想値)に指定されるなら
ば、この場合、周波数逓倍器20は因数を11に調整さ
れ、分周器24は除数を2に調整される。If the signal frequency f8 is specified as 275 c/s (ideal value) for a main frequency of 50 c/s (ideal value), in this case the frequency multiplier 20 is adjusted to a factor of 11 and the frequency divider 24 is adjusted to have a divisor of 2.
信号周波数f8はこうして、主周波数が変動するときも
、主周波数fNの5.5倍に常に等しくなる。The signal frequency f8 is thus always equal to 5.5 times the main frequency fN even when the main frequency varies.
容易に分かるように、信号周波数f8と主周波数fNと
の間の他の固定比が、前述の因数あるいは除数を変更す
ることによって調整され得る。As can be easily seen, other fixed ratios between the signal frequency f8 and the main frequency fN can be adjusted by changing the aforementioned factors or divisors.
第3図ち・よび第4図に示されている第3の実施例ハ、
休止比l:3の前述のパルスをもつパルス列が、どのよ
うにパルス発生器15の出力端に、周波数の変動のとき
にも生じるかを示す。The third embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4,
It is shown how a pulse train with the above-mentioned pulses with a pause ratio l:3 occurs at the output of the pulse generator 15 even with variations in frequency.
第1図、第2図、および第3図の各々に釦いて同一の構
成要素は同じ符号で指示する。Identical components on buttons in each of FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 are designated by the same reference numerals.
周波数逓倍器20釦よび分周器24はともに、それらの
出力信号U22>よびU25がそれぞれグラフa、bで
時間の関数として第4図に示されるような方形パターン
に従うように、周知の態様で構成される。Both the frequency multiplier 20 button and the frequency divider 24 are arranged in a well-known manner such that their output signals U22> and U25 respectively follow a rectangular pattern as shown in FIG. 4 as a function of time in graphs a and b. configured.
もし第3図に従って周波数逓倍器20の出力信号U2゜
(第4図のグラフa)がアンドゲート31の第1の入力
30へ導線29を介して取り出され、分周器24の出力
電圧U25(第4図グラフb)がこのアンドゲート31
の第2の入力33へ導線32を介して取シ出されるなら
ば、アンドゲート31の出力34の出力電圧U34は第
4図グラフCに示される種の時間パターンに従う。If, according to FIG. 3, the output signal U2° of the frequency multiplier 20 (graph a in FIG. 4) is tapped off via the conductor 29 to the first input 30 of the AND gate 31, Figure 4 graph b) is this AND gate 31
, the output voltage U34 at the output 34 of the AND gate 31 follows a time pattern of the kind shown in graph C of FIG.
出力信号U25がすでに必要周波数f8をもつので、出
力電圧U34のパルスも繰返し周波数f8で生じる。Since the output signal U25 already has the required frequency f8, the pulses of the output voltage U34 also occur with a repetition frequency f8.
2つの電圧U22およびU25の前述の論理積のために
、出力信号U34は主周波数fN1 したがって周波数
f8が変動する場合にも、休止比1:3の必要パルスを
受ける。Due to the aforementioned conjunction of the two voltages U22 and U25, the output signal U34 receives the necessary pulses with a rest ratio of 1:3 even if the main frequency fN1 and therefore the frequency f8 varies.
アンドゲート31の出力電圧U34はパルス発生器15
の出力14へ導線35を介して、制御可能なスイッチン
グ素子5の入力12へ導線13を介して送られる。The output voltage U34 of the AND gate 31 is applied to the pulse generator 15.
via a line 35 to the output 14 of the controllable switching element 5 and via a line 13 to the input 12 of the controllable switching element 5.
第5図を参照して第4の実施例を説明する。A fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
第5図に訃いても、同一の構成要素は第1図、第2図ち
−よび第3図と同じ符号で指示する。5, the same components are designated by the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3.
主周波数制御信号は導線19を介して位相導体Pからパ
ルス発生器15の入力端18へ抵抗36を通って送られ
る。The main frequency control signal is sent via conductor 19 from phase conductor P through resistor 36 to input 18 of pulse generator 15 .
この制御信号は抵抗36を介してトランジスタ38のベ
ース37へ送うレる。This control signal is sent via resistor 36 to base 37 of transistor 38.
ダイオード39はベース37と零電位の導線Tとの間に
接続される。Diode 39 is connected between base 37 and conductor T at zero potential.
このダイオード39はトランジスタ38のベースの負電
位を制限する。This diode 39 limits the negative potential at the base of transistor 38.
トランジスタ38は、反対位相の出力信号がエミッタ抵
抗41を介してエミッタ40にネ・よびコレクタ抵抗4
3を介してコレクタ42に生じるように、主周波数の制
御信号の正の半波によって駆動される。The transistor 38 has an opposite phase output signal connected to an emitter 40 via an emitter resistor 41 and a collector resistor 4.
3 to the collector 42, driven by the positive half-wave of the control signal at the main frequency.
これらの出力電圧はほぼ方形のパターンをもつ。These output voltages have an approximately square pattern.
したがって2つの出力信号の対応部分は常に互いに反対
方向へ向けられている。Corresponding parts of the two output signals are therefore always directed in opposite directions.
トランジスタ38の出力信号は、コンデンサ44と抵抗
45とをもつRC段、およびコンデンサ46と抵抗47
とをもつ別のRC段により微分される。The output signal of transistor 38 is passed through an RC stage with capacitor 44 and resistor 45, and capacitor 46 and resistor 47.
is differentiated by another RC stage with .
これらの微分された出力信号はスイッチング点48ある
いは49からダイオード50あるいは51を介してマル
チバイブレータ52へ制御信号として周知の態様で送ら
れる。These differentiated output signals are sent as control signals from switching points 48 or 49 via diodes 50 or 51 to multivibrator 52 in a known manner.
マルチ・〈イブレータ52の掃引周波数は同期され、そ
れが主周波数fNのn倍で発振するように大きさを規定
されている。The sweep frequency of the multi-ibrator 52 is synchronized and sized so that it oscillates at n times the main frequency fN.
周波数逓倍器20の因数nと分周器の除数とは、発生す
る信号周波数f8がもはや主周波数fNの高調波に一致
しないように、選択される。The factor n of the frequency multiplier 20 and the divisor of the frequency divider are selected such that the generated signal frequency f8 no longer corresponds to a harmonic of the main frequency fN.
これは、n/Pが整数でない場合である。周波数n−f
Nの信号は周波数逓倍器20として作用するマルチバイ
ブレータ52の出力22に生じる。This is the case when n/P is not an integer. frequency n-f
N signals appear at the output 22 of the multivibrator 52, which acts as a frequency multiplier 20.
第5図による実施例では、分周器24(第3図)は米国
テキサス・インスツルメント会社の製品5N7472の
形態である。In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, frequency divider 24 (FIG. 3) is in the form of Texas Instruments product 5N7472.
第3図および第4図を参照して述べたように、周波数逓
倍器20(この場合マルチバイブレータ52)の出力信
号U2゜と分周器24(SN7472)の出力信号U2
5とはデジタル信号である。As described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the output signal U2° of the frequency multiplier 20 (in this case, the multivibrator 52) and the output signal U2 of the frequency divider 24 (SN7472)
5 is a digital signal.
抵抗56を介して端子11へ接続されているダイオード
53,54.55はこの目的のために用いられる。Diodes 53, 54, 55 connected to terminal 11 via resistor 56 are used for this purpose.
ダイオード55はさらに抵抗57を介してパルス発生器
15の出力14へ接続され、パルス発生器15は抵抗5
8を介して導線7へ接続される。The diode 55 is further connected via a resistor 57 to the output 14 of the pulse generator 15;
8 to the conductor 7.
このデジタル回路もパルス整形器として作用する。This digital circuit also acts as a pulse shaper.
第5図に示された第4の実施例から分かるように、本考
案の送信機は、特に集積回路が用いられた場合には非常
にわずかの経費で得られる。As can be seen from the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the transmitter of the invention can be obtained with very little outlay, especially if integrated circuits are used.
送信端に督いて具備しなければならない信号周波数f8
と主周波数fNとの間の固定比に対する要求は理想的に
満たされる。Signal frequency f8 that must be provided at the transmitting end
The requirement for a fixed ratio between and the main frequency fN is ideally met.
受信端において、受信機の応答周波数と主周波数fNに
よって制御される信号周波数f8 との間の一致に関
する要求は、既述したように単純な手段によって満たさ
れる。At the receiving end, the requirement regarding the correspondence between the response frequency of the receiver and the signal frequency f8 controlled by the main frequency fN is met by simple means, as already described.
本考案は、例えば電力系統を介して信号を伝送すること
によって配電系統のスイッチング素子の位置(オン、オ
フ)を中央の場所へ報告することが望1れる場合に特に
有利に用いられる。The invention is particularly advantageously used when it is desired to report the position (on, off) of a switching element of a power distribution system to a central location, for example by transmitting a signal through the power system.
たった数ワットの送信力によって例えば10kmおよび
それ以上の距離を高い信頼性でカバーすることができる
。With only a few watts of transmission power, distances of, for example, 10 km and more can be covered reliably.
本考案によれば、信号伝送に利用される周波数f8は、
電力系統の主周波数fNに対して固定的な関係にあるの
で・受信側に釦いて信号周波数f8が主周波数fNとの
関係から容易かつ良好に検出される。According to the present invention, the frequency f8 used for signal transmission is
Since it has a fixed relationship with the main frequency fN of the power system, the signal frequency f8 can be easily and well detected by pressing the button on the receiving side from the relationship with the main frequency fN.
また信号周波数f8が主周波数fNの整数倍ではないの
で、すなわち信号周波数f8が主周波数fNの高調波の
周波数と不一致であるので、伝送路にち−いて主周波数
fNの高調波から信号周波数f8への干渉が有効に防止
される。Furthermore, since the signal frequency f8 is not an integral multiple of the main frequency fN, that is, the signal frequency f8 does not match the frequency of the harmonic of the main frequency fN, the signal frequency f8 is changed from the harmonic of the main frequency fN through the transmission path. interference is effectively prevented.
本考案では、電力系統へ接続されかつ周波数f8に少な
くともほぼ同調される発振回路が、発生される信号周波
数f8の各サイクルに1回だけ励起される。In the present invention, an oscillator circuit connected to the power system and at least approximately tuned to frequency f8 is excited only once for each cycle of the generated signal frequency f8.
したがってこれにより、相互関係にない妨害的な発振を
同時に発生することなく、非常に明瞭なパルスを得るこ
とが実際上、可能となる。This therefore makes it practically possible to obtain very clear pulses without the simultaneous generation of uncorrelated and interfering oscillations.
本考案の好筐しい実施態様を示せば以下のと督りである
。A preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
l)周波数逓倍器が\主周波数の高調波によって同期さ
れる発振器を周波数逓倍器として含むことを特徴とする
、実用新案登録請求の範囲記載の信号発生装置。l) A signal generating device as claimed in the claims for registration of a utility model, characterized in that the frequency multiplier includes an oscillator synchronized by a harmonic of the main frequency.
2)発振器は、主周波数制御信号によって主周波数ノ高
調波に同期されるマルチバイブレータを発振器として含
むことを特徴とする、1月i!の信号発生装置。2) The oscillator is characterized in that it includes as an oscillator a multivibrator that is synchronized to the harmonics of the main frequency by a main frequency control signal. signal generator.
3)パルス整形器が単安定フリップフロップを備えるこ
とを特徴とする、実用新案登録請求の範囲、■)あるい
は2)に記載の信号発生装置。3) The signal generating device according to claim 2) or 2), wherein the pulse shaper includes a monostable flip-flop.
4)一方の入力が周波数逓倍器の出力へ接続され、他方
の入力が分周器の出力へ接続され、他方の入力か分周器
の出力き接続され、出力が制御可能なスイッチング素子
の入力へ接続されているデジタル動作的なスイッチング
素子を備えることを特徴とする、実用新案登録請求の範
囲、l)、2)、あるいは3)記載の信号発生装置。4) An input of a switching element whose output is controllable, with one input connected to the output of the frequency multiplier, the other input connected to the output of the frequency divider, and the other input connected to the output of the frequency divider. The signal generating device according to claim 1), 2) or 3), characterized in that it comprises a digitally operated switching element connected to the signal generator.
第1図は本考案による第1の送信機の非常に単純化され
た回路図、第2図は本考案による第2の送信機の回路図
、第3図は本考案による第3の送信機の回路図、第4図
は第3の実施例のパルス発生器の電圧特性を示す愁第5
図は本考案による第4の送信機の詳細な回路図である。
1・・・・・・LC発振回路、2・・・・・・コイル、
4・・・・・捲線、5・・・・・・スイッチング素子、
15・・・・・・パルス発生器、20・・・・・・周波
数逓倍器、24・・・・・・分周器、52・・・・・・
マルチバイブレータ。1 is a highly simplified circuit diagram of a first transmitter according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a second transmitter according to the invention, and FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a third transmitter according to the invention. Figure 4 is a circuit diagram showing the voltage characteristics of the pulse generator of the third embodiment.
The figure is a detailed circuit diagram of a fourth transmitter according to the present invention. 1...LC oscillation circuit, 2...Coil,
4... Winding wire, 5... Switching element,
15... Pulse generator, 20... Frequency multiplier, 24... Frequency divider, 52...
Multi vibrator.
Claims (1)
周波数f8を有する伝送信号を電力系統において発生し
、この伝送信号を電力系統を介して電力エネルギの流れ
方向とは逆方向へ送る装置において、主周波数制御信号
源へ接続されている入力端をもつパルス発生器が設けら
れ、このパルス発生器がパルス成形器に対して直列な周
波数逓倍器と分局器とを含み、パルス発生器の出刃端へ
接続されている入力端をもつ制御可能なスイッチング素
子が設けられ、電力系統へ接続されかつ周波数f8に少
なくともほぼ同調される発振回路が設けられ、この発振
回路がスイッチング素子によって制御される回路へ結合
し、伝送信号の周波数f8が電力系統の主周波数fNの
高調波の周波数と不一致であシ、発振回路7>E、発生
される伝送信号の周波数f の各サイクルに1回だけ励
起されることを特徴とする、電力系統を利用する信号発
生装置。In a device that generates in a power system a transmission signal having a frequency f8 having a fixed relationship with the main frequency fN of the power system, and sends this transmission signal through the power system in a direction opposite to the flow direction of electric power energy. , a pulse generator having an input connected to a main frequency control signal source, the pulse generator including a frequency multiplier and a divider in series with the pulse shaper, a controllable switching element having an input connected to the terminal, an oscillator circuit connected to the power system and at least approximately tuned to a frequency f8, the oscillator circuit being controlled by the switching element; If the frequency f8 of the transmission signal does not match the frequency of the harmonics of the main frequency fN of the power system, the oscillator circuit 7>E is excited only once in each cycle of the frequency f of the generated transmission signal. A signal generating device that utilizes an electric power system, characterized in that:
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH891371A CH540607A (en) | 1971-07-01 | 1971-07-01 | Method and device for signal generation and application of the method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5515887U JPS5515887U (en) | 1980-01-31 |
JPS5829645Y2 true JPS5829645Y2 (en) | 1983-06-29 |
Family
ID=4346202
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP6456672A Pending JPS4817658A (en) | 1971-07-01 | 1972-06-29 | |
JP1979104932U Expired JPS5829645Y2 (en) | 1971-07-01 | 1979-07-31 | Signal generator that uses the power grid |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP6456672A Pending JPS4817658A (en) | 1971-07-01 | 1972-06-29 |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3778726A (en) |
JP (2) | JPS4817658A (en) |
AT (1) | AT313417B (en) |
AU (1) | AU465762B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE782384A (en) |
CA (1) | CA961118A (en) |
CH (1) | CH540607A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2228008C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2144209A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1353128A (en) |
IT (1) | IT959983B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7202492A (en) |
SE (1) | SE391423B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA724133B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AR204804A1 (en) * | 1975-02-20 | 1976-02-27 | Gen Public Utilities | APPARATUS TO MAKE TRANSMISSIONS BY ELECTRIC POWER LINES |
DE3581150D1 (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1991-02-07 | Zellweger Uster Ag | METHOD FOR SENDING DATA OVER THE LINE OF AN AC DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AND TRANSMITTER FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD. |
EP0985692B1 (en) | 1998-09-09 | 2005-01-19 | Rohm And Haas Company | Improved MBS impact modifier |
JP2000165905A (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Clock generation circuit |
US8105149B2 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2012-01-31 | Igt | Gaming system and method providing venue wide simultaneous player participation based bonus game |
WO2011038753A1 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-07 | Abb Technology Ag | Pressure transmitter for measuring the pressure of a process fluid and related method |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3483546A (en) * | 1965-05-24 | 1969-12-09 | Landis & Gyr Ag | Power line communication systems |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2772359A (en) * | 1955-05-26 | 1956-11-27 | Sperry Rand Corp | Synchronized oscillator |
US2852671A (en) * | 1957-01-23 | 1958-09-16 | Cohen David | Method and apparatus for frequency division |
US3182265A (en) * | 1960-03-02 | 1965-05-04 | Singer Co | Frequency discriminator employing a timing circuit |
DE1190514B (en) * | 1963-08-20 | 1965-04-08 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Method and circuit arrangements for generating the primary group pilot frequencies for carrier frequency systems |
US3349184A (en) * | 1965-05-17 | 1967-10-24 | Harvey L Morgan | Bandwidth compression and expansion by frequency division and multiplication |
US3446947A (en) * | 1965-11-30 | 1969-05-27 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Pulse train repetition rate divider that divides by a fractional number |
US3439278A (en) * | 1967-01-24 | 1969-04-15 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Counter circuit for providing a square-wave output |
NL7003278A (en) * | 1970-03-07 | 1971-09-09 | ||
US3617902A (en) * | 1970-08-04 | 1971-11-02 | Gen Electric | Frequency multiplier |
-
1971
- 1971-07-01 CH CH891371A patent/CH540607A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1972
- 1972-02-25 NL NL7202492A patent/NL7202492A/xx unknown
- 1972-03-23 SE SE7203778A patent/SE391423B/en unknown
- 1972-04-10 FR FR7212433A patent/FR2144209A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-04-13 AT AT320872A patent/AT313417B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-04-20 BE BE782384A patent/BE782384A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-04-26 CA CA140,635A patent/CA961118A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-06-02 US US00259199A patent/US3778726A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-06-08 DE DE2228008A patent/DE2228008C3/en not_active Expired
- 1972-06-15 ZA ZA724133A patent/ZA724133B/en unknown
- 1972-06-22 GB GB2932272A patent/GB1353128A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-06-28 IT IT26330/72A patent/IT959983B/en active
- 1972-06-29 JP JP6456672A patent/JPS4817658A/ja active Pending
- 1972-07-03 AU AU44171/72A patent/AU465762B2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-07-31 JP JP1979104932U patent/JPS5829645Y2/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3483546A (en) * | 1965-05-24 | 1969-12-09 | Landis & Gyr Ag | Power line communication systems |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5515887U (en) | 1980-01-31 |
AT313417B (en) | 1974-02-25 |
DE2228008C3 (en) | 1979-10-31 |
ZA724133B (en) | 1973-03-28 |
DE2228008B2 (en) | 1979-03-15 |
AU4417172A (en) | 1974-01-10 |
SE391423B (en) | 1977-02-14 |
DE2228008A1 (en) | 1973-01-18 |
CA961118A (en) | 1975-01-14 |
JPS4817658A (en) | 1973-03-06 |
AU465762B2 (en) | 1975-10-09 |
NL7202492A (en) | 1973-01-03 |
BE782384A (en) | 1972-08-16 |
IT959983B (en) | 1973-11-10 |
FR2144209A5 (en) | 1973-02-09 |
US3778726A (en) | 1973-12-11 |
GB1353128A (en) | 1974-05-15 |
CH540607A (en) | 1973-08-15 |
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