JPS5825142A - Eye bottom camera - Google Patents

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明＃ｉ眼底カメラに関し、殊Ｋ１１ｇ１Ｏの均一化
を討つ九眠底撮影または観察もしくは両者のための装置
に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fundus camera #i, and more particularly to a device for photographing or observing the fundus, or for both, to achieve uniformity of K11g1O.

眼底カメラの一角が広角化されたことに従属して水晶体
で反射もしくは散乱された眼底照明光束の一部が撮影ｗ
Ｍ察先光束中混入し、画面にフレアーを形成して画質を
損うことは知られている。ま九発生した。に害光を除去
するために軸域（光軸及びその近傍をこの様に呼ぶもの
とする。）を覆う遮光板を、角膜による反射光を除去す
るためのリングスリット板（中央黒点と開口絞りの複合
体）と組合わせて配置することは種々知られており、例
えば角膜上にリングスリット板の像を、そして水晶体の
眼底側の面もしくは水晶体の中央に遮光板の像を形成し
、あるいは角膜上と水晶体の眼底側面に遮光板の像を、
そして被検眼瞳孔面上にリングスリット板の像を形成す
る。この種の技術に関連する発明考案は実公昭５６−８
６４６号や特開昭５２−１０８１２３号、特願昭５５−
４５９６０号等がある。Due to the wide angle of one corner of the fundus camera, a portion of the fundus illumination light flux reflected or scattered by the crystalline lens is photographed.
It is known that M is mixed into the light flux of the detection target, forming flare on the screen and impairing the image quality. Nine things happened. A light-shielding plate covering the axial region (the optical axis and its vicinity is referred to as this) is used to remove harmful light, and a ring-slit plate (center sunspot and aperture diaphragm) is used to remove light reflected by the cornea. Various methods are known for placing a ring-slit plate image on the cornea and a light-shielding plate image on the fundus side surface of the crystalline lens or the center of the crystalline lens, or The image of the light-shielding plate is placed on the cornea and on the side of the fundus of the crystalline lens.
Then, an image of the ring slit plate is formed on the pupil plane of the eye to be examined. Inventions and ideas related to this type of technology were published in 1983.
No. 646, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 108123/1982, and Japanese Patent Application No. 1987-
There are issues such as No. 45960.

しかしながら被検眼前側部分（角膜から水晶体までの部
位）史には角膜前方に幾つかの黒点および開口の壕を形
成して照明光束を遮断する構成は、有害反射および散乱
反射を除去できる一方で、軸上を照明する光量に比べて
軸外を照明する光量の損欠が大きく、画面照度のアンバ
ランスが目立ってくる。また複数の撮影絞りによる撮影
もある。However, in the anterior part of the eye to be examined (from the cornea to the crystalline lens), a configuration in which several sunspots and apertures are formed in the anterior part of the cornea to block the illumination light flux can eliminate harmful reflections and scattered reflections. , the loss in the amount of light illuminating off-axis is greater than the amount of light illuminating on-axis, and the unbalance of screen illuminance becomes noticeable. There is also some shooting using multiple shooting apertures.

本発明の目的は画面の明るさの均一性を向上させるとと
Ｋある。そしてこの課題を達成するためには眼底を照明
する光束を調整する方法と、ましいが、どちらか一方法
で十分効果がある。An object of the present invention is to improve the uniformity of screen brightness. In order to accomplish this task, it is preferable to adjust the luminous flux that illuminates the fundus, but either method is sufficiently effective.

以下、図面に従って実施例を説明する。１１１図でＥは
被検眼、Ｅｆは眼底を示す。また１は対物レンズ、２け
有孔鯉、３は結像レンズ、３′はフォーｔ）Ｖングレン
ズ、４は撮影フィルムチ４る。対物レンズ１と結像レン
ズ３、撮影フィルム４そして後述する撮影絞りは撮影系
を構成する本ので、対物レンズｌＦｉ眼底の像Ｅｆ’を
形成し、結像レンズ３＃′ｉこの像をフィルム４ＫＭ結
像する。５はクイックリターン・ミラーで、＊祭時に光
路中に斜設され、撮影時に光路外へ退避される。６け光
路を曲折するための鏡、７は接眼レンズで、部材５乃至
７ｔｉフアインダーを構成する。Hereinafter, embodiments will be described according to the drawings. In Figure 111, E indicates the eye to be examined and Ef indicates the fundus. Further, 1 is an objective lens, 2 has a hole, 3 is an imaging lens, 3' is a V lens, and 4 is a photographic film. The objective lens 1, the imaging lens 3, the photographic film 4, and the photographic diaphragm described later constitute the photographic system, so the objective lens lFi forms an image Ef' of the fundus, and the imaging lens 3#'i transfers this image to the film 4KM. Form an image. 5 is a quick return mirror, which is installed diagonally in the optical path during festivals and is moved out of the optical path during photography. 6 is a mirror for bending the optical path, and 7 is an eyepiece lens, which constitute members 5 to 7ti finder.

次に１０とｌｉｅ：ｔリレーレンズ、１２は光路を曲折
するための鏡、１３Ｆｉリングスリツト板、１４Ｆｉコ
ンデンサーレンズ、１５はキセノン閃光管の如き撮影用
光源、１６は別のコンデンサーレンズ、１７はハロゲン
球の如き観察用光源である。ここで１０乃至１７の部材
と対物レンズｌ及び有孔鏡２は照明系を構成し、両光源
を発した光束はコンデンサーレンズの作用でリングスリ
ット板１３上に集光する配置を取る一方で、リングスリ
ット板は、鏡１２の鏡面とリレーレンズ１０と１１、有
孔ｆｋ２の鏡面、対物しＰ ンズ１に関して被検眼の瞳孔ｔｔと共役に配置している
ので、瞳孔面上にはリングスリットのスリット部の像で
ある光種が形成され、その光種が眼底を照明する。！は
主光線を示す。Next, 10 and lie:t relay lenses, 12 a mirror for bending the optical path, 13 Fi ring slit plate, 14 Fi condenser lens, 15 a photography light source such as a xenon flash tube, 16 another condenser lens, and 17 a halogen lens. It is a spherical light source for observation. Here, the members 10 to 17, the objective lens l, and the perforated mirror 2 constitute an illumination system, and the luminous flux emitted from both light sources is arranged to be condensed onto the ring slit plate 13 by the action of a condenser lens. The ring slit plate is arranged conjugately with the pupil tt of the eye to be examined with respect to the mirror surface of the mirror 12, the relay lenses 10 and 11, the mirror surface of the perforated fk2, and the objective lens 1, so the ring slit plate is placed on the pupil plane. A light seed that is an image of the slit portion is formed, and the light seed illuminates the fundus of the eye. ! indicates the chief ray.

１！に、照明系中に配されたＢノとＢｃは遮光円板で、
その中心が光軸に一致する様に配されており、遮光円板
ＨＪは中介する光学系に関して水晶＃、Ｈｌの眼底側面
と共役であり、遮光円板Ｂｃは角膜面と共役である０図
示の例では遮光円板ＢｌとＢｃ　Ｆｉミリングスリット
の前後に虻設置２ているが、被検眼の所定部位と共役で
あるならば第８図の様に有孔鏡２に近い位置に遮光円板
Ｂｌ’を配しても良いし、あるいは第９図の様に有孔鏡
２を像側へ変位させると共に有孔鏡２とリレーレンズ１
０の間を短縮し、更に有孔鏡の孔２ａの寸法を遮光円板
Ｂｌに合わせることで、有孔鏡の孔に！！光内円板機能
を負わせることも可能である。なお、−遮光円板Ｂｌと
Ｂｃが形成する影が前後に伸びて重なるから、撮影画角
に依ってはリングスリット板の黒点は省略できる場合が
ある。1! , B and B placed in the lighting system are light-shielding discs,
The light-shielding disc HJ is arranged so that its center coincides with the optical axis, and the light-shielding disc HJ is conjugate with the fundus side of the crystals # and Hl with respect to the intervening optical system, and the light-shielding disc Bc is conjugate with the corneal surface. In the example, the light-shielding discs Bl and Bc are installed in front and behind the Fi milling slit 2, but if it is conjugate with a predetermined part of the eye to be examined, the light-shielding discs are placed near the perforated mirror 2 as shown in Fig. 8. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 9, the perforated mirror 2 may be displaced to the image side, and the perforated mirror 2 and relay lens 1
By shortening the space between 0 and matching the dimensions of the hole 2a of the perforated mirror with the light-shielding disc Bl, it becomes the hole of the perforated mirror! ! It is also possible to impart an intraoptic disk function. Note that, since the shadows formed by the light shielding discs Bl and Bc extend back and forth and overlap, the black dots on the ring slit plate may be omitted depending on the photographing angle of view.

次ＫＡは開口絞りで、２板の遮光円板ＢｌとＢｃの間で
且つリングスリット板１３に隣接した位置忙配設してい
るが、遮光円板Ｂｃと同じ位置に配することもできる。Next, KA is an aperture stop, which is disposed between the two light-shielding discs Bl and Bc and adjacent to the ring-slit plate 13, but it can also be arranged at the same position as the light-shielding disc Bc.

この開口絞り人が照度をぞれ開口絞りで、開口絞りＩ、
＃ｉ臆孔Ｅｐと共役であり、開口絞りＩ、＃′１角膜面
と共役である。ｉた開口絞？　１．＃ｉ両者の間に配さ
れ、照度を均一化すゐ作用を有する。This aperture diaphragm person uses the aperture diaphragm to measure the illuminance, aperture diaphragm I,
It is conjugate with the #i pore Ep, and is conjugate with the aperture stop I and #'1 corneal surface. Is it an aperture diaphragm? 1. It is placed between #i and has the effect of making the illuminance uniform.

以下に、上述した構成の作用を説明する。第１図の光源
１５または１７を点燈し、リングスリット板１３、遮光
円板ＢｌとＢｅそして開口絞りＡの偉が被検駅前側部に
投影されるものとして、その内でリングスリット板１３
と遮光円板ＢＩ　Ｋまず着目する。第２図回申１３’は
リングスリット板の像で瞳孔位置に形成されており、Ｂ
ｌ’は遮光円板の儂で水晶体の眼底側面上に形成されて
いる。Ｌｏ＃′ｉ眼底の軸上を照明する照明光束、Ｌｐ
は軸外を照明する照明光束を示しており、軸上点０から
角膜方向を見えとすると図（ロ）の通抄であ抄、軸外点
Ｐから角膜方向を見たとすると図０の通りである０図（
イ）の軸上照明光束Ｌｏの内、破線で描いた光束は、リ
ングスリット板像１３′の開口部分を通過したが遮光円
板像Ｂｌ’で遮断された光束である。The operation of the above-described configuration will be explained below. Assuming that the light source 15 or 17 in FIG.
First, let's focus on the light-shielding disc BIK. Figure 2 Circular 13' is an image of the ring-slit plate formed at the pupil position, and B
l' is formed on the side of the fundus of the crystalline lens behind the light-shielding disc. Lo#'i Illumination light flux illuminating the fundus on the axis, Lp
indicates the illumination light flux that illuminates off-axis.If the corneal direction is seen from the on-axis point 0, it will be shown as shown in Figure (B), and if the corneal direction is seen from the off-axis point P, it will be as shown in Figure 0. 0 figure (
Of the axial illumination light flux Lo in (a), the light flux depicted by a broken line is a light flux that passed through the opening of the ring slit plate image 13' but was blocked by the light-shielding disc image Bl'.

第３図は開口絞りムを挿着したときのもので、図（Ａ）
のＡ′はこの開口絞り像である。開口絞り像Ａ’によっ
て、軸上照明光束Ｌｏの外側の破線で示した部分が遮断
されるから軸上点０を照明する光束は減少する。図（ハ
）はその時の様子を示す。Figure 3 shows the aperture diaphragm installed, and Figure (A)
A' is this aperture stop image. Since the aperture stop image A' blocks the portion of the axial illumination light beam Lo shown by the outer broken line, the light beam illuminating the axial point 0 decreases. Figure (c) shows the situation at that time.

これに対し、軸外点Ｐを照明する光束は開口絞り像Ａ’
により影譬を受けることはなく、軸外点Ｐから見た図０
を第２図０と比較すればわかる様に開口絞９Ａが光量を
減少させることはない。On the other hand, the light flux illuminating the off-axis point P is the aperture stop image A'
0 as seen from the off-axis point P.
As can be seen by comparing 2 with 0 in FIG. 2, the aperture stop 9A does not reduce the amount of light.

一般に軸上およびその近傍を照明する光ｌ１ｌｉｌｔ軸
外部分を照明する光量より過大になる傾向にあるが、第
４図（へ）に示す様に遮光板の偉Ｂｃ’が軸外照明光束
を破線で示す様に遮断するので軸外照明光束は増々減少
することＫなる。しかしながら、本し開口絞りＡで軸上
照明光束Ｌｏｔ−遮断すれば両者の光量差は減少させ得
る。In general, the amount of light illuminating the on-axis and its vicinity tends to be larger than the amount of light illuminating the off-axis portion, but as shown in Figure 4 (f), the intensity Bc' of the light shielding plate indicates the off-axis illumination flux as shown by the broken line. Since the off-axis illumination light flux is blocked as shown by K, the off-axis illumination light flux decreases more and more. However, if the axial illumination light flux Lot- is blocked by the aperture stop A, the difference in light amount between the two can be reduced.

第５図は眼底上における光量変化を示しており、横軸に
撮影画角を採り、縦軸に照明効率の相対値（最大値を１
００％とした時の値）を採っている。符番■は開口絞り
Ａを設けない場合の形態で、■は開口絞りを設けた場合
のものであって、図かられかる様に最も軸外の位置の光
量を損うことなく軸上附近の光量を減少させられるから
、軸外と軸上の照度は近づき、従って画面は見易くなる
わけである。なお、開口絞り像Ａ′を角膜より前方に形
成しても類似の作用を得られる場合がある。Figure 5 shows changes in light intensity on the fundus, with the horizontal axis representing the angle of view and the vertical axis representing the relative value of illumination efficiency (the maximum value is 1
00%) is taken. The number ■ is the configuration when the aperture diaphragm A is not provided, and the symbol ■ is the configuration when the aperture diaphragm is provided. Since the amount of light can be reduced, the off-axis and on-axis illuminances become closer, making the screen easier to see. Note that a similar effect may be obtained even if the aperture stop image A' is formed in front of the cornea.

以上とは別に、撮影系を通過した光束が像面に形成する
光量分布は撮影絞り開口の効率とコサイン４乗則（ある
いはテレ七ントリック系ではコサイン２乗に比例）に関
係するが、開ロ効率祉第６図に示した通りである。図中
で、開口絞りＩ、とＩ、を具備した第７図（ト）の光学
系の場合は曲線■Ｋｍわれている様に中間領域から周辺
域に掛けて開口効率は急速に低下するからコサイン則と
相俟って増々画面は見難くなる。なお、物体面は一様照
度とし、Ｑ′は軸上、Ｐ′は最も軸外、Ｑ′は中間とす
る。Apart from the above, the light intensity distribution formed on the image plane by the light flux passing through the imaging system is related to the efficiency of the imaging aperture aperture and the cosine fourth power law (or proportional to the cosine squared in the case of a tele-septuntric system). Efficiency is as shown in Figure 6. In the case of the optical system shown in Fig. 7 (G) equipped with aperture stops I and I, the aperture efficiency rapidly decreases from the intermediate region to the peripheral region, as shown by the curve ■Km. Combined with the cosine rule, the screen becomes increasingly difficult to see. Note that the object plane has uniform illuminance, Q' is on the axis, P' is the furthest off-axis, and Q' is the middle.

第７図（Ａ）（おいて、軸上０′を発した光束は瞳孔と
共役な開口絞りＩ、で規制され、一方、軸外Ｐ′を発し
た光束は角膜と共役な開口絞りＩ、で規制される。そこ
で第３の開口絞り１．を絞りＩ。In FIG. 7(A), the light beam emitted at 0' on the axis is regulated by the aperture diaphragm I, which is conjugate to the pupil, while the light beam emitted off-axis P' is regulated by the aperture diaphragm I, which is conjugate to the cornea. Therefore, the third aperture stop 1. is regulated by I.

と絞りＩ、の聞に配置し、第７図（Ｂ）に示される通り
、中間Ｑ′を発した光束を遮断するならば、軸上０′お
よび軸外Ｐ′を発した光束Ｆｉ、遮断することなく中間
領域から周辺域へφ掛けての光量を減少させることが可
能である。第６図の曲Ｉｗｉ！２は絞ネＩ、を追加する
ことによって得られたもので、曲線はほぼ一様な変化率
でなだらかに低下しているから、見易い画面を得ること
ができるわけである。and the aperture I, and as shown in FIG. 7(B), if the light beam emitted at the intermediate Q' is blocked, the light beam Fi emitted at the on-axis 0' and off-axis P' will be blocked. It is possible to reduce the amount of light multiplied by φ from the intermediate region to the peripheral region without causing any damage. The song Iwi in Figure 6! 2 was obtained by adding the constriction I, and since the curve drops gently at a nearly uniform rate of change, it is possible to obtain an easy-to-read screen.

なお、開口絞りＩ、とＩｔは撮影系のＦナンバーを決め
ると共に有害光を除去する機能を有するが、これら絞り
の開口径を小さくすれば有害光の除去作用は完全になる
反面Ｆナンバーが大きくなり易い。従って絞りの開口径
をできるたけ大きく採ると、照明光束と撮影光束の分離
間隔が狭まる走め、患者によっては有害光が撮影光束内
へ侵入する恐れがある処、第３の開口絞りはこの種の有
害光を遮断することも期待できる。Note that the aperture diaphragms I and It have the function of determining the F-number of the photographing system and removing harmful light, but if the aperture diameter of these diaphragms is made smaller, the effect of removing harmful light will be complete, but the F-number will increase. It's easy. Therefore, if the aperture diameter of the diaphragm is made as large as possible, the separation interval between the illuminating light beam and the photographing light beam will become narrower, and depending on the patient, harmful light may enter the photographing light beam. It can also be expected to block harmful light.

また、どこに記載した撮影系の改良は、本実り例の照明
系構造以外の構造に本適合させ得る。Further, the improvement of the imaging system described elsewhere can be applied to structures other than the illumination system structure of this fruitful example.

第１０図は３つの開口絞りを実際に配置する場合の構造
例で、開口径の小さな開口絞りＩ、と開口絞りＩ、を一
体構成とすれば、装置を組立てる場合に便利である。FIG. 10 shows an example of a structure in which three aperture stops are actually arranged.It is convenient when assembling the device if the aperture stop I, which has a small aperture diameter, and the aperture stop I are integrated.

以上説明した通り、本発明によれば所定位置く光束規制
手段を配するという極めて簡単な構成で一面照度の不均
一性を格段に改善できる効果がある。従って画角の拡大
化の反面、写真の中心部と周辺部で明るさが相違【７て
とても見難いという医師の不満に対しても十分答えるこ
と難点も除去できるわけである。As explained above, according to the present invention, the non-uniformity of illuminance across the entire surface can be significantly improved with a very simple configuration in which the light flux regulating means is disposed at a predetermined position. Therefore, while the angle of view is enlarged, it also eliminates the difficulty of responding to doctors' complaints that the brightness is different between the center and the periphery of the photograph, making it difficult to see.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明の実施例を示す光学断面図。 第２■囚（Ｌｌ）０、第３図（ハ））的０、第４図＾仰
０は各々光学作用を説明するための説明図、第５図は照
明効率を示す曲線図。第６図は開口効率を示す曲線図。 １１７図（Ａ）（ハ）は各々光学作用を説明するための
説明図。第８図、第９図、第１０図社各々変形例を示す
要部光学断面図。 図中、ｌは対物レンズ、２は有孔鏡、３は結像レンズ、
１０と１１はリレーレンズ、１３はリングスリット板、
１５はキセノン閃光管、１７はハロゲン球、ＢｌとＢｅ
　Ｉｄ迩先光円板Ａは開口絞り、Ｉ、と■、とＩｓは開
口絞抄、Ｂｃは角膜、Ｅｐは瞳孔、Ｅｌは水晶体、Ｅｆ
は眼底である。 出　願　人　キャノン株式会社 ｈ：：ｙｊ！ （（） （Ｃ） 躬４図 （Ｃン 撮影＆肉 第７図 Ｐ’　　　　　　　　　　（Ｅ３）FIG. 1 is an optical sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 (Ll) 0, Figure 3 (C) 0, and Figure 4 (Ll) 0 are explanatory diagrams for explaining optical effects, respectively, and Figure 5 is a curve diagram showing illumination efficiency. FIG. 6 is a curve diagram showing the aperture efficiency. FIGS. 117A and 117C are explanatory views for explaining optical effects, respectively. FIG. 8, FIG. 9, and FIG. 10 are optical cross-sectional views of essential parts each showing a modified example. In the figure, l is an objective lens, 2 is a perforated mirror, 3 is an imaging lens,
10 and 11 are relay lenses, 13 is a ring slit plate,
15 is a xenon flash tube, 17 is a halogen bulb, Bl and Be
Id forward optical disk A is the aperture diaphragm, I, ■, and Is are the aperture diaphragms, Bc is the cornea, Ep is the pupil, El is the crystalline lens, Ef
is the fundus. Applicant: Canon Corporation h::yj! (() (C) Figure 4 (C'n photo & Meat Figure 7 P' (E3)

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 （１）　　撮影系と銀紙照明系のそれぞれ一部光路を重
畳させた眼底カメラに於いて、被検眼前側部分に２個の
軸域迩光像及び、これら遮光像の間に２つの開口像が形
成される様に眼底照明系を構成した眼底カメラ。 Ｇ）前記開口像の内、眼底に近い方の像は開口中に軸域
黒点像を具える％ｔＶ−情求の範囲萬】項記載の眼底カ
メラ。 （３）　　前記開口像で軸域黒点像を具えるものは被検
眼の実質瞳孔位置に形成される特許請求の範８槙２項記
載の眼底カメラ。 （４）　　前記軸域遮光像の一方は被検眼水晶体の実質
角膜面位置に形成され、他方は実質角膜面位置に形成さ
れる特許請求の範囲機２項記載の眼底カメラ。 （５）　　前記撮影系は２個の開口絞りを有する特許請
求の範囲６１１項記載の眼底カメラ。 （６）撮影系と眼底照明系のそれぞれ一部光路を重畳さ
せ、また被検眼の角膜及び水晶体による有害光を除去す
る眼底カメラに於いて、水晶体の眼底側面と角膜面との
間の３ケ所とそれぞれ共役な開口絞りを撮影系内に配置
したｖｊｉ底カメラ。 （７）前記開口絞りの１つは瞳孔と略共役で、別の１つ
は角膜と略共役であり、残り１つはその間に配される特
許請求の範囲第６項記載の眼底カメラ。[Scope of Claims] (1) In a fundus camera in which the optical paths of the photographing system and the silver illumination system are partially overlapped, two axial-range optical images are formed in the front part of the subject's eye, and a portion of these shading images is generated. A fundus camera with a fundus illumination system configured so that two aperture images are formed between them. G) The fundus camera according to item %tV - range of interest, wherein the image closer to the fundus of the aperture images has an axial sunspot image in the aperture. (3) The fundus camera according to claim 8, wherein the aperture image including an axial sunspot image is formed at the position of the real pupil of the eye to be examined. (4) The fundus camera according to claim 2, wherein one of the axial region light-shielded images is formed at a stromal corneal surface position of the crystalline lens of the eye to be examined, and the other is formed at a stromal corneal surface position. (5) The fundus camera according to claim 611, wherein the photographing system has two aperture stops. (6) In the fundus camera, which partially overlaps the optical paths of the imaging system and the fundus illumination system, and which removes harmful light from the cornea and crystalline lens of the eye being examined, there are three locations between the fundus side of the crystalline lens and the corneal surface. A VJI bottom camera with a conjugate aperture diaphragm placed in the photographing system. (7) The fundus camera according to claim 6, wherein one of the aperture stops is substantially conjugate with the pupil, another one is substantially conjugate with the cornea, and the remaining one is arranged between them.