JPS58207017A - Light coupling circuit - Google Patents

Light coupling circuit

Info

Publication number
JPS58207017A
JPS58207017A JP9063082A JP9063082A JPS58207017A JP S58207017 A JPS58207017 A JP S58207017A JP 9063082 A JP9063082 A JP 9063082A JP 9063082 A JP9063082 A JP 9063082A JP S58207017 A JPS58207017 A JP S58207017A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
optical fiber
mode
optical
scrambler
semiconductor laser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP9063082A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazuhisa Kaede
楓 和久
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEC Corp
Original Assignee
NEC Corp
Nippon Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NEC Corp, Nippon Electric Co Ltd filed Critical NEC Corp
Priority to JP9063082A priority Critical patent/JPS58207017A/en
Publication of JPS58207017A publication Critical patent/JPS58207017A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4202Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details for coupling an active element with fibres without intermediate optical elements, e.g. fibres with plane ends, fibres with shaped ends, bundles
    • G02B6/4203Optical features
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/14Mode converters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4206Optical features

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent a light to be coupled with an optical fiber from coupling with a specific mode and to reduce mode noises, by installing a mode scrambler composed of an optical fiber having uneven parts at both end faces to the front end of the optical fiber. CONSTITUTION:Light coming out from a semiconductor laser 21 is converged by a rod lens with a spherical shape at the front end 22 and coupled with a mode scrambler 26 through an oblique block 23. The mode scrambler 26 is connected with the optical fiber for transmission line 24 and united with the optical fiber 24 in one body with a stainless pipe 25. Since concentric uneven parts 28 and 28' are formed at both end faces of the scrambler 26 by etching, the light coming out from the semiconductor laser 21 is scattered by the uneven parts 28 and 28' and more uniformly coupled with each mode without being deflected to a lower mode of the optical fiber 24.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は光ファイバに結合される光のパワーの光フアイ
バ内でのモード分布が定常分布に近い伏悟となる光′結
合回路に関する。近年、半導体レーザ及び光ファイバの
待件の著しい向上に伴ない、光・自信方式の1つとして
半導体レーザを用いたアナログKA方式が注目されてい
る。しかし、半導体レーザ特Mの性質でらるレーザ光の
oJ干渉性のためたファイバ内でスペックルを生じ、こ
れがいわゆるモード雑音を引き起こしてアナログ通信の
4害の1つとなっていた。ところが、従来、光結合1o
l略においてはその様な障害に対する対策はなされてお
らず、第1図に示したように従来の光結合回路10にお
いては、半導体レーザ11からの出射光はレンズ12に
よって集束された後、説面状暢のI面13を通って光フ
ァイバ14に結合されていた。この場合、結合効率が蟻
大になるように半導体レーザ11とレンズ12と光ファ
イバの4面13との間の位置関係が調整されるため、半
導体レーザ11からの出射光はほとんど光ファイバ14
の低次モー・ドに結合される。そのため、強健比の大き
いスペックルを生じてしまい、スペックルがt@らいた
ときに大きなモード雑音を発生するという欠点があった
。また、たとえ光ファイバ14にモードスクランブラ1
5を接続して、それ以誦での)tファイバ16における
スペックルの強度比を小さく抑えたとしても、光フフイ
ノタ14においてはすでに強度比の大きいスペックルが
発生しているので、光シアイバ14からモードスクラン
ブラ15°への接続点17において接続が不完全な場合
、モードフィルタリング効果とスペックルのゆらぎのた
めの大きなモード雑音を生じるという欠点があった。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an optical coupling circuit in which the mode distribution of the power of light coupled into an optical fiber within the optical fiber is assumed to be close to a stationary distribution. In recent years, with the remarkable improvement in the requirements for semiconductor lasers and optical fibers, an analog KA system using a semiconductor laser has been attracting attention as one of the optical systems. However, speckles occur within the fiber due to the OJ coherence of the laser light, which is a characteristic of semiconductor lasers, and this causes so-called mode noise, which is one of the four harms of analog communication. However, conventionally, optical coupling 1o
In the conventional optical coupling circuit 10, as shown in FIG. 1, the emitted light from the semiconductor laser 11 is focused by the lens 12, and then the light is It was coupled to an optical fiber 14 through a flat I-plane 13. In this case, since the positional relationship between the semiconductor laser 11, the lens 12, and the four surfaces 13 of the optical fiber is adjusted so that the coupling efficiency is extremely high, most of the light emitted from the semiconductor laser 11 is transmitted to the optical fiber 14.
is coupled to the lower mode of Therefore, speckles with a large robustness ratio are generated, and when the speckles reach t@, large mode noise is generated. Moreover, even if the optical fiber 14 has a mode scrambler 1
Even if the intensity ratio of speckles in the t-fiber 16 (in the following recitation) is suppressed to a small value by connecting the optical shear fiber 14, speckles with a large intensity ratio have already occurred in the optical shear fiber 14. If the connection is incomplete at the connection point 17 from to the mode scrambler 15°, there is a drawback that large mode noise is generated due to mode filtering effects and speckle fluctuations.

本発明の目的は上述の欠点を除去し、光ファイバに結合
する光がある特定のモードに結合するのを防ぎ、光フア
イバ中のパワーの、より均一なモード間分布を光ファイ
バの入射端から実現することによって、スペックルのゆ
らぎによる雑音、即ちモード雑音を低減し、かつ光結合
回路の直後に不完全な光ファイバ妾続部があってもその
モード雑音への影響が小さい光結合回路を得ることにあ
る。
It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, to prevent the light coupled into an optical fiber from coupling into certain modes, and to provide a more uniform mode-to-mode distribution of power in the optical fiber from the input end of the optical fiber. By realizing this, it is possible to create an optical coupling circuit that reduces the noise caused by speckle fluctuations, that is, mode noise, and has a small effect on the mode noise even if there is an incomplete optical fiber concatenation immediately after the optical coupling circuit. It's about getting.

本発明は、半導体レーザと、光ファイバと、前記半導体
レーザからの出−□光を前記光ファイ・くに結合させる
レンズとを含む光結合回路において、前記半導体レーザ
からの出射光を入射させる。’ Ail記光ファイバの
先喘に、両端面に凹へ部を設けた光ファイバからなるモ
ードスクランブラを設け、前記光ファイバ内のパワー分
傾がほぼ定常モード分市となるようにしたことに特徴が
ある。
The present invention allows light emitted from the semiconductor laser to enter an optical coupling circuit including a semiconductor laser, an optical fiber, and a lens that couples the light emitted from the semiconductor laser to the optical fiber. A mode scrambler made of an optical fiber with concave portions on both end faces is provided at the leading end of the optical fiber, so that the power gradient within the optical fiber becomes almost a steady mode distribution. It has characteristics.

以下、図[lを参照11.て本発明の詳細な説明する。See Figure [l below 11. The present invention will now be described in detail.

第2図は本発明による好ましい一夫施クリの構成図を示
したものである。半導体レーザ21から出射した光は、
集中性ロッドレンズの片■を半球法にh目玉した先球ロ
ッドレンズ22により集束され、半4体レーザ21への
反射の影響を除去するために設けられた、BK7ガラス
からなる斜めブロック23を4ってモードスクランブラ
26に結合される。このモードスクランブラ26は、伝
送路用九ファイバ24にmdされ、ステンレスノくイブ
25を用いて伝送路用光ファイバ24と一体化されてし
)る。なお、前d己斜めブロックとモードスクランブラ
の間、及びモードスクランブラと伝送路用光ファイバの
tlJIは前記モードスクランブラに用いた光ファイバ
の屈折率とは異なる屈折率を有する光学接着剤27.2
7’で満たされている。ここで、七−ドスクランブラ2
6はにVlJ法で作られた長さが約IQ)Illの光フ
ァイバからなっており、その中心軸に対して垂直に形成
された両端面にはエツチングにより同心円状の凹凸部2
8s28’が形成されている。半導体レーザ21からの
出射光は前記凹凸部28128’により散乱されて伝送
路用光ファイバ24の低次モードに偏ることなく、より
均一に各モードに結合される。この場合、より多くのモ
ードにパワーが分散される程各モードの位相は揃いにく
くなるため、低次モードに崗っで結合された場合よりも
モード間の干渉が生じにくくなり、スペックルの強度比
は小さく抑えられる。その結果、モード雑音が低減され
る。この七−ド雑音低減効果が伝送路用光フフイバ24
の入射端から発揮されるため、モード雑音低減効果が一
;−高められ、また、光結合回@直後の伝送路用光ファ
イバに不完全な接続点があっても、モードスクランブラ
がない場合に比べ大幅にモード雑音が低減される。
FIG. 2 shows a constructional diagram of a preferred one-piece chest according to the present invention. The light emitted from the semiconductor laser 21 is
A diagonal block 23 made of BK7 glass is focused by a spherical rod lens 22 with a piece of a convergence rod lens focused in a hemispherical manner. 4 is coupled to mode scrambler 26. This mode scrambler 26 is connected to the optical fiber 24 for the transmission line, and is integrated with the optical fiber 24 for the transmission line using a stainless steel tube 25). Note that the tlJI between the front diagonal block and the mode scrambler, and between the mode scrambler and the transmission line optical fiber is an optical adhesive 27 having a refractive index different from that of the optical fiber used for the mode scrambler. .2
It is filled with 7'. Here, Seven Scrambler 2
6 consists of an optical fiber with a length of approximately IQ)Ill made by the VlJ method, and concentric concave and convex portions 2 are etched on both end faces formed perpendicular to the central axis.
8s28' is formed. The emitted light from the semiconductor laser 21 is scattered by the uneven portion 28128' and is coupled more uniformly to each mode without being biased toward the lower-order modes of the transmission line optical fiber 24. In this case, the more power is dispersed into more modes, the more difficult it is for the phases of each mode to align, so interference between modes is less likely to occur than when they are tightly coupled to lower-order modes, and the intensity of speckle increases. The ratio can be kept small. As a result, modal noise is reduced. This seven-band noise reduction effect is achieved by the transmission line optical fiber 24.
Since it is exerted from the input end of the optical coupling circuit, the mode noise reduction effect is enhanced.Also, even if there is an incomplete connection point in the optical fiber for the transmission line immediately after the optical coupling circuit, there is no mode scrambler. Mode noise is significantly reduced compared to

以上、本発明の好ましい一夾施例について説明した。こ
こで、モードスクランブラ26にはCVD法で作られた
光ファイバを用いたので、光ファイバの一面をエツチン
グすることにより光ファイバの端面に凹凸を形成したが
、フ十トリソグラフィ、技術やイオンビームエツチング
法を用いて凹凸部を形成してもよい。この場合、光フッ
イノくはCvIJ法により作られた光フッイノくに限定
されない。
Above, one preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described. Here, since an optical fiber made by the CVD method was used for the mode scrambler 26, unevenness was formed on the end face of the optical fiber by etching one side of the optical fiber. The uneven portions may be formed using a beam etching method. In this case, the optical film is not limited to the optical film produced by the CvIJ method.

また、モードスクランブラに用いた光7アイノ(の長さ
は約10111とし次が、その長さに限定されない、さ
らに、モードスクランブラ26と伝送路用光ファイバ2
4はステンレスパイプを用いて淡続し九が、コネクタ構
造を用いて接続してもよい。
In addition, the length of the optical 7 ino used in the mode scrambler is approximately 10111 mm, but the length is not limited to that length.
4 is connected using a stainless steel pipe, and 9 may be connected using a connector structure.

また、前6己・糾めブロック23とモードスフランフ。In addition, the previous 6 members, 23, and Modes Franph.

う26の間、及びモードスクランブラ26と伝送路用光
ファイバ2°4の間を光学接着剤28+28’で(Aた
したが、光学4着剤で、角たされていなくてもよい。こ
こで、モードスクランブラに用いた光ファイバの端面で
の反射光が半導体レーザへもどることを防ぐため斜めブ
ロック23を光フッイノくの端面に設けたが、斜めブロ
ックの代りに光アイソレータを用いてもよい。さらに、
モードスクランプラに用いた光ファイバの端面は光ファ
イバの中心軸に対して垂直であるとしたが、中心軸に対
して傾斜していてもよい。また、斜めブロック23やア
イソレータを用いた方が、モード雑音の低減には一ノー
効果的ではあるが、それらがなくてもモード雑音低減効
果は十分にある。モードスクランブラと半導体レーザと
の間に光スィッチ等、上記実地fi1で示さなかった光
回路部品を設置した場合でも本発明は適用でき、その効
果は上記実施例と何ら変ることはない。
26 and between the mode scrambler 26 and the transmission line optical fiber 2°4 (A). In order to prevent the reflected light from the end face of the optical fiber used in the mode scrambler from returning to the semiconductor laser, a diagonal block 23 was provided on the end face of the optical fiber, but it is also possible to use an optical isolator instead of the diagonal block. Good.Moreover,
Although the end face of the optical fiber used in the mode scrambler is perpendicular to the central axis of the optical fiber, it may be inclined with respect to the central axis. Further, although using the diagonal block 23 or an isolator is more effective in reducing mode noise, the effect of reducing mode noise is sufficient even without them. The present invention can be applied even when an optical circuit component such as an optical switch, which was not shown in the above-mentioned practical fi1, is installed between the mode scrambler and the semiconductor laser, and the effect is no different from that of the above-mentioned embodiment.

醋後に、本発明による光結合回路の特徴を列挙すれば、
光フアイバ内でのパワーの均一なモード間分布が、伝送
路である光ファイバの途中からではなく、その入射端か
ら得られるため、伝送路である光ファイバのどの点にお
いてもスペックルのコントラストが小さくおさえられる
こと、光結合回路のすぐ鎌に光フアイバ間の接続点を設
けても、光フアイバ間の軸ずれや間隙に起因するモード
雑斤が生じにくいこと、モードスクランブラと従来の光
結合回路を一体化したため全体が小形にできること、結
合損失が小さいこと件である。
Afterwards, the characteristics of the optical coupling circuit according to the present invention are listed as follows.
A uniform inter-mode distribution of power within the optical fiber is obtained from the input end of the optical fiber, rather than from the middle of the optical fiber, which is the transmission path, so there is no speckle contrast at any point on the optical fiber, which is the transmission path. Even if the connection point between optical fibers is placed right next to the optical coupling circuit, mode noise due to axis misalignment or gaps between the optical fibers is unlikely to occur, and mode scrambler and conventional optical coupling Because the circuit is integrated, the whole can be made smaller, and the coupling loss is small.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は従来の光結合回路及びそれに接続されたモード
スクランブラと光ファイバとを示す構成図であり、第2
図は本発明による光結合回路の好−ましい−実施例を示
す構成図である。 図において、11・・・・・・半導体レーザ、12・・
・・・・レンズ、14+16・・・・・・光ファイバ、
15・・・・・・モードスクランブラ、17・・・・・
・接続部、21・・・・・・半導体レーザ、22・・・
・・・先球ロッドレンズ、23・・・・・・斜めブロッ
ク、24・・・・・・伝送路用光ファイバ、25・・・
・・・ステンレスパイプ、26・・・・・・モードスク
ランブラs 27 r 27’・・・・・・光学接着剤
、28−2・8′・・・・・・凹凸部
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional optical coupling circuit, a mode scrambler and an optical fiber connected thereto;
The figure is a block diagram showing a preferred embodiment of the optical coupling circuit according to the present invention. In the figure, 11... semiconductor laser, 12...
...Lens, 14+16...Optical fiber,
15...Mode scrambler, 17...
・Connection part, 21... Semiconductor laser, 22...
... Spherical rod lens, 23 ... Diagonal block, 24 ... Optical fiber for transmission line, 25 ...
...Stainless steel pipe, 26...Mode scrambler s 27 r 27'...Optical adhesive, 28-2/8'...Irregularities

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 半導体レーザと、元ファイバと、前記半導体レーザから
の出射光を前記光ファイバに結合させるレンズとを含む
光結合回路において、前記半導体レーザからの出射光を
入射させる前記光7アイパの先端に、モードスクランプ
を設けたことを特徴とする光結合回路。
In an optical coupling circuit including a semiconductor laser, an original fiber, and a lens that couples emitted light from the semiconductor laser to the optical fiber, a mode An optical coupling circuit characterized by being provided with a scram.
JP9063082A 1982-05-28 1982-05-28 Light coupling circuit Pending JPS58207017A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9063082A JPS58207017A (en) 1982-05-28 1982-05-28 Light coupling circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9063082A JPS58207017A (en) 1982-05-28 1982-05-28 Light coupling circuit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS58207017A true JPS58207017A (en) 1983-12-02

Family

ID=14003801

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP9063082A Pending JPS58207017A (en) 1982-05-28 1982-05-28 Light coupling circuit

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS58207017A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6674941B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-01-06 Honeywell International Inc. Optical coupling for optical fibers

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6674941B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-01-06 Honeywell International Inc. Optical coupling for optical fibers

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