JPS58181604A - Method of improving woody material - Google Patents

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 る。[Detailed description of the invention] Ru.

本例およびその加工材である木材単板、木材チップ等の
木質材は、軽くて強く、独特の物性、材質感を有する祠
料として建築用材、家具用材は勿論のこと、その他広範
な用途に利用されている。This example and its processed materials, such as wood veneer and wood chips, are light and strong, and have unique physical properties and textures, making them suitable for construction materials, furniture materials, and a wide range of other uses. It's being used.

しかしながら、一方では、各種菌類の侵蝕や白蟻等の虫
害を受けて腐朽し易く、昨今のように気密性か高く、暖
房装置の普及が進んだ住宅環境下においては、このよう
な腐朽の発生はむしろ増加してきており、木質材の耐久
性低下の一因として大きな問題となってきている。However, on the other hand, it is easy to rot due to erosion by various fungi and insect damage such as termites, and in today's housing environment where airtightness is high and heating devices are popular, the occurrence of such rot is difficult. In fact, it has been increasing, and has become a major problem as one of the causes of decreased durability of wood materials.

また、木質材は湿気等の水分を周囲の環境条件に応じて
吸収し放散するという、所謂呼吸性を有する反面、この
ような湿気等の吸収、放散の繰返しに伴って、反り、ね
じれ、伸縮等の変形を生じるという本質的な欠点を有し
ている。In addition, while wood has the so-called breathability of absorbing and dissipating moisture depending on the surrounding environmental conditions, it can warp, twist, expand and contract due to repeated absorption and dissipation of moisture. It has the essential drawback of causing deformations such as.

上記腐朽に関する問題の改善には、タレオソート油等、
防腐防虫剤の木質材への含浸処理が一般的な方法として
実施されているが、この方法では臭気が著しく使用箇所
が限定されるとともに、木質材の可燃性をさらに増す等
の欠点がある。To improve the above-mentioned rotting problems, use taleosote oil, etc.
A common method is to impregnate wood materials with preservatives and insect repellents, but this method has drawbacks such as a significant odor, which limits the areas where it can be used, and further increases the flammability of the wood materials.

また、上記変形に関する問題の改善には、木質材にアセ
チル化等の化学的処理を行なって、その成分中の水酸基
を化学的に修飾すると効果のあることは知られている。Furthermore, it is known that it is effective to chemically modify the hydroxyl groups in the wood components by subjecting the wood material to a chemical treatment such as acetylation in order to improve the problems related to deformation.

しかしながら、木質材は単一１＆分からなるものでなく
、複雑な成分構成と複雑な組織構造を有するものである
ために、木質材に上記化学ＨＪ処理を行うの番こ用いら
れていた種々の方法は１反応に極めて長時間を要すると
ともに、余剰の反応液や触媒の除去が極めて困難であり
、また木質Ｈの強度的性質が著しく低下する等より、工
業生産的に行うことは困難で実用性かないという問題を
而している。However, since wood does not consist of a single component, but rather has a complex composition of components and a complex tissue structure, various methods have been used to perform the above-mentioned chemical HJ treatment on wood. It takes an extremely long time for one reaction, it is extremely difficult to remove excess reaction liquid and catalyst, and the strength properties of the wood H are significantly reduced, making it difficult to carry out in industrial production and impractical. There is a problem with the lack of time.

本発明イよ、かかる諸問題に鑑みてなされたもので、木
質材に脂肪酸塩水溶液からなるアシル化触媒を含浸し、
乾燥したのち、上記木質材を脂肪酸無水物で処理して木
質材成分中の水酸基をアシル化することにより、複雑な
組織構造と成分構成を有する木質材を、強度的性質の低
下等を生じることなく、耐腐朽性に優れ、反り、ねじれ
、伸縮等の変形の発生が少ない木質材に生産性よく改質
することを可能とする木質材の改質方法を提供せんとす
るものである。The present invention has been made in view of these problems, and includes impregnating a wooden material with an acylation catalyst consisting of an aqueous solution of a fatty acid salt.
After drying, the above-mentioned wood material is treated with fatty acid anhydride to acylate the hydroxyl groups in the wood components, thereby reducing the strength and properties of the wood material, which has a complex structure and composition. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for modifying a wood material that can be efficiently modified into a wood material that has excellent rot resistance and less occurrence of deformation such as warping, twisting, expansion and contraction.

以下、本発明に係る方法について説明する。The method according to the present invention will be explained below.

本発明に用いる木質材とは、木材、木材単板、木材チッ
プ等のことで、先ずこの木質材に触媒で浸は、例えば上
記脂肪酸塩水溶液中に木質材を浸漬する等の方法で行う
ことができる。また、含浸を迅速に行うために４０℃〜
８０℃程度に加温した脂肪酸水溶液を用いたり、減圧加
圧釜内で脂肪酸塩水溶液を減圧注入、加圧注入、減圧加
圧釜内番こより含浸させてもよい。The wood material used in the present invention refers to wood, wood veneer, wood chips, etc. First, the wood material is immersed in the catalyst by a method such as immersing the wood material in the above fatty acid salt aqueous solution. I can do it. In addition, in order to quickly impregnate,
A fatty acid aqueous solution heated to about 80° C. may be used, or a fatty acid salt aqueous solution may be injected under reduced pressure, injected under pressure, or impregnated through a pipe in the reduced pressure cooker.

ここに用いる脂肪酸塩としては、脂肪酸のナトリウム塩
やカリウム塩などを用いることができ、特（乙酢酸すｌ
＝　ＩＪウム、酢酸カリウム等の酢酸塩は、木質材を劣
化させることがなく、また水洗により除去が容易であり
、しかも後述する反応を良好にかつ迅速番こ行うことが
できるので好適なものである。As the fatty acid salt used here, sodium salts and potassium salts of fatty acids can be used.
= Acetate salts such as IJum and potassium acetate are suitable because they do not deteriorate wood materials, are easy to remove by washing with water, and can carry out the reaction described later well and quickly. be.

なお、上記脂肪酸塩水溶液の濃度は、特に限定するもの
ではないか、５〜３０％が好ましい。The concentration of the fatty acid salt aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and is preferably 5 to 30%.

次に、上記脂肪酸塩水溶液を含浸した木質材を乾燥する
。乾燥は、上記木質材中の水分を適度に除去するために
行い、ドライヤ等の乾燥装置を用いて行ってもよく、木
質材の含水率が１０％以下となるよう（こ行うのがその
後の脂肪酸無水物による反応を効率よく行ううえで特に
望ましい。Next, the wood material impregnated with the fatty acid salt aqueous solution is dried. Drying is performed to appropriately remove moisture in the wood, and may be performed using a drying device such as a dryer, so that the moisture content of the wood is 10% or less (this is done in the subsequent steps). It is particularly desirable for efficiently carrying out reactions using fatty acid anhydrides.

乾燥された触媒含有木質材は、続いて脂肪酸無水物で処
理して木質材成分、特にセルロースの水酸基と反応させ
る。脂肪酸無水物による木質材の処理は、例えば木質材
を、脂肪酸無水物中に浸漬する等の方法で行うことかで
き、また脂肪酸塩水溶成を含浸させる場合と同様、減圧
加圧釜内で減圧下、加圧下、または減圧加圧下に木質材
内部に脂ｔ１７［２無水物を注入することにより行って
もよい。The dried catalyst-containing wood is subsequently treated with a fatty acid anhydride to react with the wood components, especially the hydroxyl groups of cellulose. The treatment of wood materials with fatty acid anhydrides can be carried out, for example, by immersing the wood materials in the fatty acid anhydride, or, similarly to the case of impregnating the wood materials with aqueous fatty acid salts, in a vacuum pressure cooker under reduced pressure. This may be carried out by injecting fat T17[2 anhydride into the interior of the wood material under pressure, pressure, or vacuum pressure.

上記脂肪酸無水物は、無水酢酸、無水プロピオン酸等の
低級脂肪酸無水物を用いるのが経済的であり実用上望ま
しい。また、脂肪酸無水物は木質材成分との反応を速め
るため加熱されていることが望ましく、特に１００℃以
上に加熱された脂肪酸無水物を用いると顕著に反応速度
を高めることができる。As the fatty acid anhydride, it is economical and practically desirable to use lower fatty acid anhydrides such as acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride. Further, it is desirable that the fatty acid anhydride is heated to accelerate the reaction with the wood component, and in particular, the reaction rate can be significantly increased by using a fatty acid anhydride that has been heated to 100° C. or higher.

従って、本発明方法においては、木質材番こすめ脂肪酸
塩か水溶液として含浸しているため、脂肪酸塩か木質材
中に均一かつ効率よく付着し、しかも乾燥により水分を
除去するので、木質材内に浸入した脂１１７Ｊ醒無水物
は良好に木質８成分と反応することができる。Therefore, in the method of the present invention, since the wooden material is impregnated with a fatty acid salt as an aqueous solution, the fatty acid salt adheres uniformly and efficiently to the wood, and water is removed by drying, so that the fatty acid salt can be absorbed into the wood. The fat 117J aqueous anhydride infiltrated into the wood can react well with the eight wood components.

特に、脂肪酸塩水溶液を含浸後、一旦乾燥することは木
質材内に浸入した脂肪酸無水物が、木質材中の水分と反
応して脂肪酸に転化するのを極力少なくするのｌこ有効
である。すなわち、脂肪酸無水物か木質材成分中の水酸
基との反応とは無関係に脂肪酸に転化した場合、脂肪酸
は木質材成分とほとんど反応しないので脂肪酸無水物の
反応に寄与する効率か低下することになり、このような
反応効率の顕著な低下を防ぐことができるものである。In particular, drying once the aqueous fatty acid salt solution is impregnated is effective in minimizing the possibility that the fatty acid anhydride that has penetrated into the wood reacts with the moisture in the wood and converts into fatty acids. In other words, if the fatty acid anhydride is converted to a fatty acid regardless of the reaction with the hydroxyl group in the wood component, the efficiency with which the fatty acid contributes to the reaction of the fatty acid anhydride will decrease because the fatty acid will hardly react with the wood component. , it is possible to prevent such a significant decrease in reaction efficiency.

また、このような脂肪酸、特に酢酸等の低級脂肪酸は反
応系に多く存在すると木質材成分、特にセルロースの結
晶域にまで入り、木質材を膨潤劣化する作用を有するが
木質伺の乾燥により脂肪酸への転化が押えられるために
このような木質材の劣化をも軽減できるものである。In addition, when such fatty acids, especially lower fatty acids such as acetic acid, are present in large quantities in the reaction system, they enter the crystalline region of wood components, especially cellulose, and have the effect of swelling and deteriorating the wood, but as the wood strands dry, they turn into fatty acids. Since the conversion of wood is suppressed, this kind of deterioration of wood materials can also be reduced.

なお、触媒である脂肪酸塩を脂肪酸無水物中に混合して
おくことも考えられるが、脂肪酸塩か脂肪酸無水物に溶
解しないことから、木質材の如く複雑な組織構造を有す
る材料の場合には、脂肪酸塩の良好な触媒効果を期待す
ることは困難である。It is also possible to mix a fatty acid salt as a catalyst into the fatty acid anhydride, but since the fatty acid salt does not dissolve in the fatty acid anhydride, this is not possible in the case of materials with a complex structure such as wood. , it is difficult to expect good catalytic effects from fatty acid salts.

さらに、触媒として脂肪酸塩を用いているので、汎用触
媒である硫酸や過塩素酸の如く木質材を著しく劣化させ
ることかなく、また余剰の脂肪酸塩は、木質材を洗浄す
ることで簡単に除去できる。Furthermore, since fatty acid salts are used as catalysts, they do not significantly deteriorate wood materials like general-purpose catalysts such as sulfuric acid or perchloric acid, and excess fatty acid salts can be easily removed by washing the wood materials. can.

その他、触媒である脂肪酸塩は、有機溶媒を用いること
なく水溶液にして木質材に含浸しているので、木質伺成
分特にセルロースの結晶域にまで含浸されず、したがっ
て本発明方法では、木質材の結晶構造を著しく非晶化す
る反応を伴なわないため、強度的性質の劣化のない改質
木材を得ることができる。In addition, since the fatty acid salt that is the catalyst is impregnated into the wood material in the form of an aqueous solution without using an organic solvent, it is not impregnated into the wood components, especially the crystalline region of cellulose. Since it does not involve a reaction that significantly amorphizes the crystal structure, it is possible to obtain modified wood without deterioration in strength properties.

なお、本発明方法では木質祠が厚みのある板状材、柱状
材等からなる場合には、その表層部にのみ通用すること
もできる。In addition, in the case where the wooden shrine is made of a thick plate-like material, pillar-like material, etc., the method of the present invention can be applied only to the surface layer thereof.

次に実施例について説明する。Next, an example will be described.

本実施例では、木質仮相として米栂単板を使用そして、
この米栂単板を約７０℃番こ加温した酢−カリウムの１
５％濃度溶欣中に浸漬して酢酸カリウムを単板に含浸す
る。In this example, Yonetsuga veneer is used as the wood pseudophase, and
Vinegar-potassium made by heating this rice toga veneer to about 70 degrees Celsius.
The veneer is impregnated with potassium acetate by immersing it in 5% concentration melt.

ついで、この単板を１００℃のドライヤ内に入れ、含水
率が５％以下となるまで乾燥する。Next, this veneer is placed in a dryer at 100° C. and dried until the moisture content becomes 5% or less.

さらに、上記単板を１１０℃〜１２０℃に加熱された無
水酢酸溶液中に浸漬し、５分間反応させた後、温水にて
洗浄し、ドライヤにて乾燥して重−増加率（見掛けのア
セチル化率）か約２５％のアセチル化単板を得た。Furthermore, the above veneer was immersed in an acetic anhydride solution heated to 110°C to 120°C, reacted for 5 minutes, washed with warm water, and dried with a dryer to increase the weight increase rate (apparent acetyl An acetylated veneer with an acetylation rate of about 25% was obtained.

このようにして得られたアセチル化単板を無処理の米栂
単板とともに、各種の試験に供し以下の結果を得た。The acetylated veneer thus obtained was subjected to various tests together with untreated Yoneko veneer, and the following results were obtained.

第１に、）ｉ　５Ａ９３０２の防腐効力が試験方法によ
り腐朽菌オオウズラタケを培養した菌子で温度２６℃、
湿度７０％の条件下で３力月間放置し、重量減少率を測
定したところ、アセチル化単板は約１％であるのに対し
て無処理の単板は約１５％なる値を示し、アセチル化単
板が非常に優れた防腐力を相することが確認できた。Firstly, the preservative efficacy of i5A9302 was tested using a mycelium cultured from the decaying fungus Ophthalmia japonica at a temperature of 26°C.
When the weight loss rate was measured after being left under conditions of 70% humidity for 3 months, the weight loss rate was approximately 1% for the acetylated veneer, while it was approximately 15% for the untreated veneer. It was confirmed that the treated veneer had excellent preservative power.

第２（こ、上記両単板をイエシロアリの巣中に埋設して
４力月間防蟻試験を行い、重量減少率を測定したところ
、アセチル化単板は０％であるのに対して無処理の単板
は約２５％なる値を示し、アセチル化単板か優れた防蟻
性能を有することか認められた。Second (this) Both of the above veneers were buried in a nest of house termites and a 4-month termite test was conducted, and the weight loss rate was measured; the weight loss rate was 0% for the acetylated veneer, whereas it was untreated. The veneer showed a value of about 25%, indicating that the acetylated veneer had excellent termite-proofing performance.

第３に、アセチル化単板をサンシャイン型耐候性試験機
で５００時間試験を行ったか、変色その他の劣化はなく
、優れた耐候性を有することか確を忍できた。Thirdly, the acetylated veneer was tested for 500 hours using a Sunshine type weather resistance tester, and there was no discoloration or other deterioration, making it clear that it had excellent weather resistance.

第４に、上記両単板を、２５℃の水中番こ２４時間浸漬
して吸水量測定試験を行ったところ、アセチル化単板は
無処理の単板に比べて吸水量か１／２以下で、優れた防
水性能を有することが認められた。Fourth, when we conducted a water absorption measurement test by immersing both veneers in water at 25°C for 24 hours, we found that the acetylated veneer absorbed less than half the amount of water compared to the untreated veneer. It was recognized that it has excellent waterproof performance.

第５に、絶乾状態時の寸法に対して、２０℃。Fifth, 20°C relative to the dimensions in an absolutely dry state.

６５％湿度の条件下で平衡状態に達した時の寸法変化（
伸ひ率）を上記両単板について測定したところ、半径方
向、接線方向、繊維方向とも、アセ、チル化単板は無処
理の単板に比べて伸ひ率か１／４以下であり、優れた寸
法安定性を有することが認められた。Dimensional change when equilibrium is reached under 65% humidity conditions (
When the elongation rate) was measured for both of the above veneers, the elongation rate of the acetic and chilled veneer was less than 1/4 of that of the untreated veneer in the radial direction, tangential direction, and fiber direction. It was found to have excellent dimensional stability.

第６に、圧網強さ、曲げ強さの測定ではアセチル化単板
は無処理の単板に比べて上記の強度的性質の低化はなく
むしろ若干向上していた。Sixth, in measurements of network strength and bending strength, the strength properties of the acetylated veneer did not deteriorate as compared to the untreated veneer as described above, but rather were slightly improved.

以上の説明より明らかなように本発明によれば、木質材
に脂肪酸塩水溶液からなるアシル化触媒を含浸し、乾燥
したのち、上記木質材を脂肪酸無水物で処理して木質材
成分中の水酸基をナシル化することにより木質材を改質
しているので、強度的性質の著しい劣化を生じることな
く木質材に防腐性、防蟻性、耐候性、寸法安定性等を具
備させ、その耐久性を向上させることができる。ととも
に、従来その複雑な成分構成、成分構造を有するがため
に、工業生産的に化学的な改質のできなかった木質材を
、生産性よく、また良好に改質することができるという
実用上多大な効果を奏するものである。As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, a wood material is impregnated with an acylation catalyst consisting of an aqueous solution of a fatty acid salt, dried, and then the wood material is treated with a fatty acid anhydride to form hydroxyl groups in the wood components. By modifying the wood material by converting it into Nasil, the wood material has antiseptic properties, anti-termite properties, weather resistance, dimensional stability, etc. without significant deterioration of its strength properties, and its durability is improved. can be improved. At the same time, wood materials, which conventionally could not be chemically modified in industrial production due to their complicated composition and structure, can be modified efficiently and favorably. This has great effects.

また、上記方法により改質された木質材は、そのまま利
用できることは勿論のこと、例えは単板状のものであれ
ば、柱状、板状等の木質材の表面に結石したり、あるい
は積層さらには他の形状に１戊ノｅしたりして用いるこ
とができる。In addition, the wood modified by the above method can of course be used as is, but if it is in the form of a veneer, stones may form on the surface of the wood, such as columns or plates, or if it is laminated or can be used by changing it to other shapes.

したかって、建築用材、家具用材、楽器、キャビネット
等は勿論のこと、耐久性の面で木質材の便用か限られて
いる水廻り、外廻り用部月その他広軸な用途に用いるこ
とも可能である。Therefore, it can be used not only for construction materials, furniture materials, musical instruments, cabinets, etc., but also for a wide range of applications such as plumbing, exterior parts, etc. where the use of wood is limited due to durability. It is possible.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] （１）木質材に脂肪酸塩水溶液からなるアシル化触媒を
含浸し乾燥したのち、上記木質材を脂肪酸無水物で処理
して木質材成分中の水酸基をアシル化することを特徴と
する木質材の改質方法。(1) A wood material characterized in that the wood material is impregnated with an acylation catalyst consisting of an aqueous fatty acid salt solution and dried, and then the wood material is treated with a fatty acid anhydride to acylate the hydroxyl groups in the wood components. Modification method. （２）上記脂肪酸塩が酢酸塩からなり、脂肪酸無水物か
無水酢酸等の低級脂肪酸無水物からなることを特徴とす
る特許請求の範囲第１項記載の木質材の改質方法。(2) The method for modifying wood materials according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid salt is an acetate, and is a fatty acid anhydride or a lower fatty acid anhydride such as acetic anhydride.