JPS5816163B2 - Manufacturing method of plastic optical fiber - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of plastic optical fiberInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5816163B2 JPS5816163B2 JP54009717A JP971779A JPS5816163B2 JP S5816163 B2 JPS5816163 B2 JP S5816163B2 JP 54009717 A JP54009717 A JP 54009717A JP 971779 A JP971779 A JP 971779A JP S5816163 B2 JPS5816163 B2 JP S5816163B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- core
- plastic optical
- polymer
- cladding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00663—Production of light guides
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明はプラスチック光ファイバの製造方法に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a plastic optical fiber.
プラスチック光ファイバはコア部としての重合体及びク
ラッド部としてのこれより屈折率の低い重合体により構
成される。A plastic optical fiber is composed of a polymer as a core portion and a polymer with a lower refractive index as a cladding portion.
そして従来プラスチック光ファイバの製造に当り、コア
材とじてポリスチレン（以下ＰＳと略記する）又はポリ
メチルメタクリレート（以下ＰＭＭＡと略記する）′等
の透明な重合体が使用され、又クラツド材としてこれよ
り屈折率の低い重合体、例えばコア材がＰＳである場合
にはＰＭＭＡ等、コア材がＰＭＭＡである場合には含弗
素重合体が使用される。Conventionally, in the production of plastic optical fibers, transparent polymers such as polystyrene (hereinafter abbreviated as PS) or polymethyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as PMMA) have been used as the core material, and transparent polymers such as polystyrene (hereinafter abbreviated as PMMA) have been used as the cladding material. A polymer with a low refractive index, for example, PMMA or the like is used when the core material is PS, and a fluorine-containing polymer is used when the core material is PMMA.
そしてファイバ化はクラツド材をコア材のコアファイバ
の形成と同時にコアファイバの被覆層を形成するように
二重押し出し成形（以下二重押し出し法という）するこ
とにより又は予め形成されたコアファイバ刈こコーティ
ング法により被覆することにより行なわれる。Fiberization is achieved by double extrusion molding (hereinafter referred to as double extrusion method) of the clad material so as to form a core fiber coating layer at the same time as the formation of the core fiber of the core material, or by cutting the preformed core fiber. This is done by coating using a coating method.
ところで、現在入手できるプラスチック光ファイバの伝
送損失は最も優れた波長帯を選んでも約１ｄＢ／ｍすな
わち１０７７１で１桁強度が低下する程度の特性であり
、特にファイバ化工程に注意して製造されたものでも０
．５ｄＢ／ｍ程度である。By the way, the transmission loss of currently available plastic optical fibers is about 1 dB/m, or 10771, even if the best wavelength band is selected, and the strength is reduced by one order of magnitude. Even things are 0
．． It is about 5 dB/m.
そこで本発明者等はその原因を知るために従来法につき
コア材及びクラツド材の製造からファイバ化に至る一連
の工程について多角的に検討したところ次の結果を知得
した。In order to find out the cause of this, the present inventors conducted a multifaceted study on the series of steps from the production of the core material and cladding material to the production of fibers using the conventional method, and found the following results.
すなわち、従来のプラスチック光ファイバの製造におい
ては、一般にコア材及びクラツド材は懸濁重合法で合成
され、これをファイバ製造装置に供給していた。That is, in the production of conventional plastic optical fibers, the core material and cladding material were generally synthesized by a suspension polymerization method, and then supplied to a fiber manufacturing apparatus.
懸濁重合法は工業的な高分子合成法としては純度の高い
重合体が得られる方法として一般に認識されているが、
多量の水を使用するため、この中に含まれる異物が重合
体中に混入し易く、又その脱水工程においても異物が混
入する可能性がある。Suspension polymerization is generally recognized as an industrial polymer synthesis method that yields highly pure polymers.
Since a large amount of water is used, foreign substances contained therein are likely to be mixed into the polymer, and there is also a possibility that foreign substances may be mixed in during the dehydration process.
更に懸濁重合により得られた重合体はこれをコア材とし
てファイバ化するすなわち溶融防糸するためにペレット
化する工程を要し、しかも装置的にも重合体製造装置と
ファイバ製造装置とは分離されて位置するため、ペレッ
ト化工程及びファイバ製造装置への供給過程に異物が混
入したり、又空気により酸化される環境におかれる。Furthermore, the polymer obtained by suspension polymerization requires a step of turning it into a fiber as a core material, that is, pelletizing it for melt-proofing, and in terms of equipment, the polymer manufacturing equipment and the fiber manufacturing equipment are separate. Because of this, the fibers are placed in an environment where foreign matter may be mixed in during the pelletizing process and the process of supplying the fibers to the fiber manufacturing equipment, and where they may be oxidized by air.
そしてこのような障害を除去すれば前記の原因の一部は
少なくとも解決されると考えられる。It is thought that if such obstacles are removed, at least part of the above causes will be resolved.
本発明は前記の知得に基いてなされたものであり、その
目的は伝送損失の改善されたプラスチック光ファイバの
製造方法を提供することである。The present invention has been made based on the above knowledge, and its purpose is to provide a method for manufacturing a plastic optical fiber with improved transmission loss.
本発明について概説すると、本発明のプラスチック光フ
ァイバの製造方法は少なくともコア形成用単量体を熱的
塊状重合に付し、続いて得られた重合体からのコアファ
イバの形成及びクラッド形成を連続して酸素の不在下で
行なうことを特徴とし、熱的塊状重合とは本明細書では
重合開始剤及び分子量調節剤等を使用することなく熱の
みで塊状重合を調節する重合方法をいう。To summarize the present invention, the method for producing a plastic optical fiber of the present invention involves subjecting at least a core-forming monomer to thermal bulk polymerization, and then continuously forming a core fiber and a cladding from the obtained polymer. In this specification, thermal bulk polymerization refers to a polymerization method in which bulk polymerization is controlled only by heat without using a polymerization initiator, a molecular weight regulator, etc.
塊状重合法は単量体の蒸留、重合及び未反応単量体等の
低分子の除去を連続して密閉下、場合により窒素気流中
で行なう方法であり、したがって水及び酸素の不在下で
行なわれるので懸濁重合に伴う前記の異物の混入及び重
合体の酸化による障害は解決される。The bulk polymerization method is a method in which distillation of monomers, polymerization, and removal of low molecules such as unreacted monomers are continuously carried out under closed conditions, sometimes in a nitrogen stream, and therefore, it is carried out in the absence of water and oxygen. Therefore, the problems caused by the contamination of foreign substances and the oxidation of the polymer caused by suspension polymerization can be solved.
そして伝送損失はコア部の重合体に主として基因するの
でコア形成用単量体の重合に塊状重合を適用すれば足り
、クラッド形成用単量体の重合に塊状重合を適用するこ
とは必ずしも必要でないことが認められた。Since the transmission loss is mainly caused by the polymer in the core part, it is sufficient to apply bulk polymerization to the polymerization of the monomer for forming the core, and it is not necessarily necessary to apply bulk polymerization to the polymerization of the monomer for forming the cladding. This was recognized.
又ＰＳをコア材として使用する場合、ＰＳの連続塊状重
合は既に工業的に実施されている技術から明らかなよう
に、単量体スチレンは重合開始剤及び分子量調節剤等を
要することなく重合温度を調節するだけで任意の分子量
の重合体を生成することができるあて、極めて純重合体
が得られる。Furthermore, when PS is used as a core material, continuous bulk polymerization of PS can be carried out at a high polymerization temperature without the need for a polymerization initiator or molecular weight regulator, as is clear from the technology that has already been implemented industrially. It is possible to produce a polymer of any molecular weight by simply adjusting the amount, and an extremely pure polymer can be obtained.
この場合重合系への酸素の混入を極力防止するために、
重合系装置全体を窒素雰囲気下におくことが望ましい。In this case, in order to prevent oxygen from entering the polymerization system as much as possible,
It is desirable to place the entire polymerization system under a nitrogen atmosphere.
塊状重合によるコア材重合体は次に光ファイバのコア部
形成のために溶融紡糸されるが、本発明によればこの手
段も酸素不在下で行なわれる。The bulk-polymerized core material polymer is then melt-spun to form the core of the optical fiber, and according to the invention, this procedure is also carried out in the absence of oxygen.
一般に重合体、その中でも特にＰＳは加熱により着色さ
れ易いとされているが、本発明者の実験によれば、かな
りの高温例えば２５０℃で１週間以上量しても着色は認
められなかった。It is generally believed that polymers, especially PS, are easily colored by heating, but according to experiments conducted by the present inventors, no coloring was observed even when the polymer was kept at a considerably high temperature, for example, 250° C., for more than one week.
したがって酸素の不在下に溶融紡糸及びプラスチック光
ファイバに十分な強度を与えるために分子鎖をファイバ
の軸方向に配列させる延伸を行なえばコア部重合体の劣
化が避けられることは明らかである。Therefore, it is clear that deterioration of the core polymer can be avoided by melt spinning in the absence of oxygen and by stretching the plastic optical fiber so that the molecular chains are aligned in the axial direction of the fiber in order to provide sufficient strength.
このために本発明においては塊状重合に引続いて酸素の
不在下にコアファイバの形成及びクラッド形成が行なわ
れる。For this purpose, in the present invention, the bulk polymerization is followed by the formation of the core fiber and the formation of the cladding in the absence of oxygen.
クラツド材はコア材より屈折率が低い重合体であること
を要するが、極端に汚れていない限り、光ファイバの特
性に影響を与えないので通常のペレット又は粉末として
使用されてもよい。The cladding material is required to be a polymer with a lower refractive index than the core material, but as long as it is not extremely contaminated it may be used in the form of ordinary pellets or powder as it does not affect the properties of the optical fiber.
そしてクラツド材の二重押し出し法又はコーティングに
よるクラッド形成をコアファイバの形成と同時に行ない
、これによりコアファイバの形成は延伸工程を含めてフ
ァイバ化操作において大気に触れることなく行なわれ、
異物の混入及び酸化が抑制されることなく行なわれ、異
物の混入及び酸化が抑制される。The cladding is formed by double extrusion or coating of the cladding material at the same time as the core fiber is formed, so that the core fiber is formed without being exposed to the atmosphere during the fiberizing operation including the drawing process.
The contamination and oxidation of foreign matter are carried out without being suppressed, and the contamination and oxidation of foreign matter are suppressed.
二重押し出し法においてはコア材及びクラツド材の押出
成形機への供給速度と巻き取り速度の比を適当に選ぶこ
とにより適当な延伸比を与えることができる。In the double extrusion method, an appropriate drawing ratio can be obtained by appropriately selecting the ratio between the feeding speed of the core material and the cladding material to the extruder and the winding speed.
次に本発明を実施例について更に詳細に説明するが、本
発明はこれによりなんら 定されるものではない。Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto in any way.
実施例
第１図は本実施例において使用した装置のブロック図で
あり、図中１は単量体だめ、２は蒸留器、３は単量体供
給速度調節弁、４は蒸留残査排出弁、５は冷却器、６は
冷却水入口、７は冷却水出口、８は真空ポンプ、９は精
製単量体だめ、１０は重合器、１１はスクリューコンベ
ア、１２はモータ、１３は重合体貯蔵タンク、１４は多
数の細孔を有する紡糸孔、１５は真空ポンプ、１６はコ
ア材押し出し用スクリュ、１７はモータ、１８はクラッ
ド材押し出し用スクリュ、１９はモータ、２０はクラツ
ド材供給ホッパ、２１は二重押し出しノズル、２２は光
ファイバ、２３は巻き取りロールである。Example Figure 1 is a block diagram of the apparatus used in this example, in which 1 is a monomer reservoir, 2 is a distiller, 3 is a monomer supply rate control valve, and 4 is a distillation residue discharge valve. , 5 is a cooler, 6 is a cooling water inlet, 7 is a cooling water outlet, 8 is a vacuum pump, 9 is a purified monomer reservoir, 10 is a polymerization vessel, 11 is a screw conveyor, 12 is a motor, 13 is a polymer storage Tank, 14 is a spinning hole having a large number of pores, 15 is a vacuum pump, 16 is a core material extrusion screw, 17 is a motor, 18 is a cladding material extrusion screw, 19 is a motor, 20 is a cladding material supply hopper, 21 2 is a double extrusion nozzle, 22 is an optical fiber, and 23 is a winding roll.
この装置を使用してコア材としてＰＳ、クラツド材とし
てＰＭＭＡより成るプラスチック光ファイバを製造した
。Using this apparatus, a plastic optical fiber consisting of PS as the core material and PMMA as the cladding material was manufactured.
装置は最初窒素雰囲気下に維持され、スチレンを単量体
だめ１に貯え、単量体供給速度調節弁３により一定速度
で蒸留器２に供給し、常法により減圧蒸留して冷却器５
により凝縮して精製単量体だめ９に送った。The apparatus is initially maintained under a nitrogen atmosphere, and styrene is stored in a monomer reservoir 1, supplied to a distiller 2 at a constant rate by a monomer supply rate control valve 3, and distilled under reduced pressure in a conventional manner to a cooler 5.
It was condensed and sent to purified monomer reservoir 9.
次に精製スチレンを温度１１０℃に維持された重合器１
０に送り、滞留時間８時間で予備重合し、更に１７０℃
に維持されたスクリューコンベア１１中に送り滞留時間
３時間で重合を完了し分子量約１８０，０００ （Ｇ、
Ｐ、Ｃ法による）のＰＳとし、紡糸孔１４を通し、かつ
真空ポンプ１５により排気されている重合体貯蔵タンク
１３に送り未重合スチレン及び低分子量物を除去した。Next, purified styrene was heated in a polymerization vessel 1 maintained at a temperature of 110°C.
0°C, prepolymerized with a residence time of 8 hours, and further heated to 170°C.
The polymerization was completed within 3 hours of feeding and residence time in the screw conveyor 11 maintained at
P, C method)) was passed through a spinning hole 14 and sent to a polymer storage tank 13 evacuated by a vacuum pump 15 to remove unpolymerized styrene and low molecular weight substances.
重合体貯蔵タンク１３のＰＳを押し出し用スクリュ１６
により押し出すと同時にクラツド材であるＰＭＭＡのペ
レットをホッパ２０よりクラッド材押し出し用スクリュ
１８に供給し、２２０℃に維持された二重押し出しノズ
ル２１によりコアファイバをクラッドが被覆する状態で
コア材及びクラツド材を押し出して光ファイバ２２を形
成すると共に引張り速度毎分５ｍの延伸を行なって巻き
取りロール２３に巻き取った。Screw 16 for pushing out PS of polymer storage tank 13
At the same time, PMMA pellets, which are the cladding material, are supplied from the hopper 20 to the cladding material extrusion screw 18, and the core material and cladding are extruded by the double extrusion nozzle 21 maintained at 220°C, with the core fiber covered with the cladding. The material was extruded to form an optical fiber 22, and at the same time, it was stretched at a pulling speed of 5 m/min and wound onto a winding roll 23.
得られた光ファイバはコア部属径１ｍ、クラッド部の膜
厚２００μｍであった。The obtained optical fiber had a core diameter of 1 m and a cladding thickness of 200 μm.
この光ファイバの伝送損失特性を第２図に示す。The transmission loss characteristics of this optical fiber are shown in FIG.
第２図から６７０ｎｍに１４ ＱｄＢ／ＩａＩＬの低損
失の窓があるコとが判る。It can be seen from FIG. 2 that there is a low loss window of 14 QdB/IaIL at 670 nm.
以上の説明から明らかなように本発明によれば従来のプ
ラスチック光ファイバに比べて数分の１の低損失の光フ
ァイバを製造することができ、特に１４０ｄＢ／Ｉａｒ
Ｌの損失の得られた６ ７０ ｎｍの谷は、安価な赤色
ＬＥＤ（発光ダイオードによる）を光源として得られる
ので、経済性の優れた短距離光伝送システムを構成する
ことができる。As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture an optical fiber with a loss that is several times lower than that of conventional plastic optical fibers, and in particular, it is possible to manufacture optical fibers with a loss of a fraction of that of conventional plastic optical fibers.
Since the 6 70 nm valley where the loss of L is obtained can be obtained using an inexpensive red LED (based on a light emitting diode) as a light source, an economical short-distance optical transmission system can be constructed.
更にプラスチック光ファイバは無機系光ファイバに比較
して大口径とすることができ光源との組合せ及び、ファ
イバ間の接続が容易になるという利点がある。Furthermore, plastic optical fibers have the advantage that they can be made larger in diameter than inorganic optical fibers, making it easier to combine them with light sources and to connect fibers together.
第１図は本発明を実施するに当り使用した製造装置のブ
ロック図、第２図は本発明の実施例により得られたプラ
スチック光ファイバの損失の沖淀結果を示すグラフであ
る。
１・・・・・・単量体だめ、２・・・・・・蒸留器、３
・・・・・・単量体供給速度調節弁、４・・・・・・蒸
留残有排出弁、５０．。
・・・冷却器、６・・・・・・冷却水入口、７・・・・
・・冷却水出口、８・・・・・・真空ポンプ、９・・・
・・・精製単量体だめ、１０・・・・・・重合器、１１
・・・・・・スクリューコンベア、１２・・・・・・モ
ータ、１３・・・・・・重合体貯蔵タンク、１４・・・
・・・紡糸孔、１５・・・・・・真空ポンプ、１６・・
・・・・押し出し用スクリュ、１７・・・・・・モータ
、１８・・・・・・クラッド材押し出し用スクリュ、１
９・・・・・・モータ、２０・・・・・・ホッパ、２１
・・・・・・二重押し出しノズル、２２・・・・・・光
ファイバ、２３・・・・・・巻き取りロール。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a manufacturing apparatus used in carrying out the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a graph showing the loss results of a plastic optical fiber obtained in an embodiment of the present invention. 1... Monomer reservoir, 2... Distiller, 3
. . . Monomer supply rate control valve, 4 . . . Distillation residual discharge valve, 50. . ...Cooler, 6...Cooling water inlet, 7...
...Cooling water outlet, 8...Vacuum pump, 9...
... Purification monomer reservoir, 10 ... Polymerization vessel, 11
... Screw conveyor, 12 ... Motor, 13 ... Polymer storage tank, 14 ...
...Spinning hole, 15...Vacuum pump, 16...
... Screw for extrusion, 17 ... Motor, 18 ... Screw for extrusion of cladding material, 1
9...Motor, 20...Hopper, 21
...Double extrusion nozzle, 22 ... Optical fiber, 23 ... Winding roll.
Claims (1)
、続いて得られた重合体からのコアファイバの形成及び
クラッド形成を連続して酸素の不在下で行なうことを特
徴とするプラスチック光ファイバの製造方法。 ２ クラッド形成をコアファイバの形成と共に二重押し
出し法により行なう特許請求の範囲第１項記載のプラス
チック光ファイバの製造方法。[Claims] 1. Subjecting at least a core-forming monomer to thermal bulk polymerization, and then forming a core fiber from the obtained polymer and forming a cladding continuously in the absence of oxygen. A method for manufacturing a plastic optical fiber characterized by: 2. The method for manufacturing a plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the cladding is formed by a double extrusion method together with the formation of the core fiber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54009717A JPS5816163B2 (en) | 1979-02-01 | 1979-02-01 | Manufacturing method of plastic optical fiber |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54009717A JPS5816163B2 (en) | 1979-02-01 | 1979-02-01 | Manufacturing method of plastic optical fiber |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS55103504A JPS55103504A (en) | 1980-08-07 |
| JPS5816163B2 true JPS5816163B2 (en) | 1983-03-30 |
Family
ID=11728020
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54009717A Expired JPS5816163B2 (en) | 1979-02-01 | 1979-02-01 | Manufacturing method of plastic optical fiber |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5816163B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5784403A (en) * | 1980-11-14 | 1982-05-26 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Method and device for production of low loss plastic optical fiber |
| JPS5781205A (en) * | 1980-11-11 | 1982-05-21 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Low-loss plastic optical fiber and its production |
| JPS57168047U (en) * | 1981-04-18 | 1982-10-22 | ||
| JPS5831306A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1983-02-24 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Production for plastic optical fiber |
| JPS58149003A (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1983-09-05 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Production of low loss optical fiber of plastic |
| JPS59176704A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1984-10-06 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method and device for manufacturing plastic optical fiber |
| JPS6145201A (en) * | 1984-08-09 | 1986-03-05 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Manufacture of plastic optical fiber |
| FR2796085B1 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-10-05 | Optectron Ind | PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AN OPTICAL FIBER |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5465555A (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1979-05-26 | Du Pont | Lowwdamping optical fibers entirely made of plastic |
-
1979
- 1979-02-01 JP JP54009717A patent/JPS5816163B2/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5465555A (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1979-05-26 | Du Pont | Lowwdamping optical fibers entirely made of plastic |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55103504A (en) | 1980-08-07 |
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