JPS58157544A - Forging method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the generation of scales, sooty smoke, noise, etc. by performing heating, forging, cooling and carrying stages of a material cut to a specified size in the atmosphere cut off from the air. CONSTITUTION:A material 1 for forging is cut to a specified size by a cutter 2. The cut materials are arranged in a line by a parts feeder 3, etc. and supplied to a heating device 4. A forging device 5 and a cooling device 6 are arranged continuously in the device 4 and whole devices 4, 5, 6 are covered by a partition wall 7. Heating, forging of the material 1a, cooling of material 1b after forging and carrying stages of material between stages are performed in vacuum or inert gas atmosphere in the partition wall 7.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は加熱された鍛造材料をその加熱工程より鍛造後
の冷却工程まで空気を遮断した真゛空もしくは不活性ガ
ス雰囲気中で加工し、スケールの発生を抑えるようにな
ＬｆＣ鍛造法に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention processes heated forged materials in a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere with air cut off from the heating process to the cooling process after forging to suppress the generation of scale. This relates to the LfC forging method.

従来熱間又は温間鍛造に於てに搬入された材料を鍛造品
に応じて所定寸法に切断され、仁れをパーツフィーダー
等にて整列させて加熱装置へ供給し、熱間又は温間鍛造
に適した温度に加熱した後８〜５回程度の工程で所要の
鍛造を行なった後、これを強制もしくは自然冷却してい
る。従ってこの方法によれは鍛造材料の加熱より冷却工
程までこの材料に空気即ち空気中の酸素と接触し、゛材
料表面が酸化してスケールが発生する。この発生スケー
ル量は加熱工程によシ異なるが重油炉で８〜４％、誘導
加熱炉で０．５〜ＬＯチとなり、また脱炭層が０．６〜
ＬＯＩＩＩｍ程度でこのため製品の歩留りが悪くなると
共に、このスケールの発生にて金製インプレッション部
の荒れも生じて金型寿命を著しく損うだけでなく製品の
面粗度が１００−１６０８程度となる。また鍛造後製品
表面に耐着しているスケール等を除去するためサンドブ
ラスト等のクリーニング工程が必要となる。従って鍛造
工場では騒音だけでなくスケール等の粉塵や液体潤滑剤
全発生することがしばしばあり、安全、衛生上の問題が
多いものである。またスケールの発生やガスの発生によ
り製品に疵や欠肉による廃品、手直品の発生率も高くな
る。従来、疵、欠肉による廃品はし２％、手直品は５．
０％、合計生産量の６．２％が品質不良品となっており
、月産８２０Ｇ）ンの工場では、この不良品が１９８ト
ンにもなる計算である。さらにはスケールの発生に上述
の如き欠点だけでなく鍛造機械の精度にも悪影響を与え
、摺動部、回動部等にスケール粉塵にて摩耗を起し１所
期の精度を長期間保持することが困難である。之等すべ
ての欠点ｆｉ鍛造工程中に材料が大気と接触して酸化等
によるスケールが発生することに起因する。In conventional hot or warm forging, the material brought in is cut into predetermined dimensions depending on the forged product, the ribs are aligned with a parts feeder, etc., and fed to a heating device, and hot or warm forging is carried out. After heating to a suitable temperature and performing the necessary forging in about 8 to 5 steps, this is forced or naturally cooled. Therefore, in this method, the forging material is brought into contact with air, that is, oxygen in the air, from the heating to the cooling process, and the surface of the material is oxidized and scale is generated. The amount of scale generated varies depending on the heating process, but it is 8 to 4% in a heavy oil furnace, 0.5 to LO in an induction heating furnace, and 0.6 to LO in a decarburized layer.
At about LOIIIm, the yield of the product will be poor, and the scale will also cause roughness of the metal impression, which will not only significantly shorten the life of the mold, but also cause the surface roughness of the product to be around 100-1608. . In addition, a cleaning process such as sandblasting is required to remove scale and the like adhering to the surface of the product after forging. Therefore, forging factories often generate not only noise but also dust such as scale and liquid lubricant, which poses many safety and hygiene problems. Furthermore, due to the generation of scale and gas, there is a high incidence of scrapped products and reworked products due to defects and missing parts in the products. Previously, scrapped items due to defects or missing fillets were subject to a 2% rate, and reworked items were subject to a 5% rate.
0%, and 6.2% of the total production volume are defective products, and in a factory with a monthly production of 820 tons, the number of defective products is estimated to be 198 tons. Furthermore, in addition to the drawbacks mentioned above, scale generation also has a negative impact on the accuracy of the forging machine, causing wear on sliding parts, rotating parts, etc. due to scale dust, and preventing the desired accuracy from being maintained for a long period of time. It is difficult to do so. All these drawbacks are due to the fact that during the forging process, the material comes into contact with the atmosphere and scales are generated due to oxidation, etc.

本発明は上述の点に着眼して鍛造材料を加熱より冷却工
程までを真空もしくは不活性ガス雰囲気中で行い大気中
の酸素との接触を断ち、酸化を極力抑えることによりス
ケールの発生を抑えんとした鍛造法を提案するものであ
る。Focusing on the above points, the present invention prevents the formation of scale by performing the heating and cooling processes of the forged material in a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere to cut off contact with oxygen in the atmosphere and suppress oxidation as much as possible. This paper proposes a forging method that achieves this.

以下本発明を図示の実施例に基づいて説明する。The present invention will be explained below based on illustrated embodiments.

図に於てｌはコンベヤその他により搬入された材料で、
これは所要の大きさを有する鍛造その他棒材、角材、板
材等の素材製品で、次にこれ全切断機２にて鍛造すべき
製品の大きさに合わせて適宜切断する。そしてこの定寸
に切断された材料１ａは、パーツフィーダー８等により
整列せしめて加熱装置４へ供給する。この加熱装置は材
料１ａの大気中の空気との接触を断つためにはインダク
ションヒータが適しており、さらにこの加熱装置４には
鍛造装ｆｉ！１５、冷却装置６が連続的に配置されると
共に２等各装置４゜５．６ｖｆ−個別的にもしくは全体
的に隔壁７をもって覆い材料の加熱より鍛造、冷却の各
工程及び工程間の搬送中すべてを大気との接触を断つよ
うにこの隔壁内全真空状態にする〃為、または不活性ガ
スを充満せしめるものである。In the figure, l is the material brought in by conveyor or other means,
This is a forged or other raw material product such as a bar, square material, plate, etc. having a required size, and is then appropriately cut by a cutting machine 2 according to the size of the product to be forged. The material 1a cut to a fixed size is then arranged and fed to the heating device 4 by a parts feeder 8 or the like. An induction heater is suitable for this heating device in order to cut off the contact of the material 1a with atmospheric air, and furthermore, this heating device 4 is equipped with a forging device fi! 15. The cooling device 6 is arranged continuously, and each second device 4°5.6VF - individually or as a whole is covered with a partition wall 7 during each step of heating, forging and cooling of the material, and during transportation between steps. This is done to create a complete vacuum inside this partition wall so that everything is cut off from contact with the atmosphere, or to fill it with inert gas.

この隔壁で覆う場合装置全体を覆う場合と材料の搬送、
加工部のみを材料と空気の接）！ｌ断つように部分的に
覆う場合とがある。この隔壁内に不活性ガスを充満せし
める場合その室内圧力は大気圧と同圧もしくは大気圧よ
り高くなるようにすることが望ましいが、負圧となって
もよい。When covering with this partition wall, when covering the entire equipment and when transporting materials,
Only the processed part is in contact with the material and air)! In some cases, it may be partially covered by cutting it off. When this partition wall is filled with an inert gas, it is desirable that the indoor pressure be equal to or higher than atmospheric pressure, but it may be negative pressure.

上記加熱装置４にて材料１ａを熱間もしくは温間鍛造に
適Ｌ７を温度に加熱した後、これを搬送装置付自動プレ
ス機等の鍛造装置６に供給し、該装置にて潰し型、荒型
、仕上型、ばり取り等の各工程を経て所望の鍛造全行う
。After heating the material 1a to a temperature suitable for hot or warm forging in the heating device 4, it is supplied to a forging device 6 such as an automatic press machine with a conveying device, and the device crushes and roughens the material 1a. The desired forging process is completed through various processes such as molding, finishing molding, and deburring.

上記鍛造工程で所要形状に形成された製品１１）は次に
冷却工程６へ搬送される。この冷却室内の冷却は自然あ
るいは強制いずれの方式をも採用できるものとする。さ
らにこの真空もしくは不活性ガスの稲刈は鍛造材料に応
じて適したものを選定する。The product 11) formed into the desired shape in the forging process is then transported to a cooling process 6. Cooling in this cooling chamber can be done either naturally or forcedly. Furthermore, the vacuum or inert gas method for harvesting is selected depending on the forging material.

また上記冷却工程６で所定温度まで冷却された製品１ｂ
は搬出されるもので、この冷却をより而して本発明によ
る鍛造法に於ては材料の加熱工程より鍛造後の冷却工程
まで材料を不活性ガス雰囲気もしくは真空雰囲気中にて
大気を遮断状態として行うため次の如き数多くの利点が
ある。Also, the product 1b cooled to a predetermined temperature in the cooling step 6
After this cooling, in the forging method according to the present invention, the material is kept in an inert gas atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere, shut off from the atmosphere, from the material heating process to the post-forging cooling process. There are many advantages to doing this as follows:

（１）　　スケールの発生が皆無になるので製品の面粗
度が５〜ＳＯＳと小さくなシ、鍛造肌での使用が拡大さ
れる。(1) Since the generation of scale is completely eliminated, the use of products with small surface roughness of 5 to SOS and forged surfaces can be expanded.

（２）　　脱炭層も極力抑えられ０．０５−以下となり
、浸炭、窒化等も工程内にて直接導入可能とな、す、取
代減少及び黒皮仕様が可能となる。(2) The decarburized layer is suppressed as much as possible to 0.05- or less, and carburizing, nitriding, etc. can be directly introduced in the process, making it possible to reduce the stock removal and achieve black scale specifications.

（３）スケール、インプレッション内でのガスの、発生
は皆無となるので品質不良品率が０．１％程度に抑えら
れ、シ〃・も製品歩留りも向上する。(3) Since there is no generation of gas within the scale or impression, the rate of defective products is suppressed to about 0.1%, and the product yield is improved.

（４）　　スケールによる金型摩耗、インプレッション
の隅角部におけるガス爆発を防止できるので金型の寿命
が従来法に比べ２〜３倍以上となり、且高価な金型材料
の歩留りに於て８０〜４０％向上し、又水溶性、油性ク
ラファトによる煙の発生が防止できる。(4) Since it is possible to prevent mold wear due to scale and gas explosion at the corner of the impression, the life of the mold is more than 2 to 3 times that of the conventional method, and the yield of expensive mold materials is 80 to 80% It is improved by 40% and also prevents the generation of smoke caused by water-soluble and oily crafato.

（５）　　スケール、粉塵の発生が皆無となるのて機械
の摩耗を抑えられ、精度が向上し、且クリアランス調整
回数やガイド部等の部品交換数が低下する。(5) Since there is no generation of scale or dust, machine wear is suppressed, accuracy is improved, and the number of clearance adjustments and replacement of parts such as guide parts is reduced.

（６）　　製品表面のクリーニング工程、スケールビッ
ト、デスケーラ等が省くことができるので附帯設儒が簡
略化できると共に金型ダイセット類の洗浄工程をも簡素
化できる。(6) Since the product surface cleaning process, scale bit, descaler, etc. can be omitted, incidental installation can be simplified, and the cleaning process for mold die sets can also be simplified.

（７）騒音、粉塵、煤煙、水質汚泥等の発生を抑えるこ
とができるので、作業環境が良好となり公害も減少する
。(7) Since the generation of noise, dust, soot, water sludge, etc. can be suppressed, the working environment will be favorable and pollution will be reduced.

（８）　　産業廃棄物量も減少し、その処理も簡易とな
る。(8) The amount of industrial waste will also decrease and its disposal will become easier.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

図面は本発明鍛造法の概略説明図である。 １００．搬入材料 ｌａ、　、　一定寸に切断された材料 １１）、、　、製品 ２００．切断機 ３００．パーツフィーダー ４００．加熱装置 ５９０．鍛造装置 ６８０．冷却装置 ７００．隔壁 特許出願人　　　後藤鍛工株式会社 外　　１名 昭和夕Ｚ年り月７０日 特許庁長官　島　１）春　樹　殿 １、事件の表示 牛寺願昭！−７−Ｊ’？７り！ ２、　発　明　の名称 級−ｌジ（ ３、補正する者 事件と。関係　　特許出願人 ４、代理人 昭和　　年　　月　　日 （１）　　明細書第２頁６行目「料金鍛造品」とあるを
「料は鍛造品」と訂正する。 （２）同第８頁６行目「気化」とめるを「燃焼」と訂正
する。 （３）　　同頁１６行目「回動部」とめるを「回転部」
と訂正する。 （４）　　同第７頁４行目「油性グラ７アト」とめるを
「油性グラファイト」と訂正する。The drawings are schematic illustrations of the forging method of the present invention. 100. Incoming materials la, , Materials cut to a certain size 11), , Products 200. Cutting machine 300. Parts feeder 400. Heating device 590. Forging equipment 680. Cooling device 700. Participant Patent Applicant Outside Goto Kako Co., Ltd. 1 person Showa Yu Z Year 70 Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office Shima 1) Haruki Tono 1, Indication of the incident Ushidera Ganaki! -7-J'? 7ri! 2. Classification of the title of the invention (3. Amendment case).Relation: Patent applicant 4, agent Month, day, 1939 (1) Page 2 of the specification, line 6, ``Fee forged product'' (2) On page 8, line 6, the stop for “vaporization” is corrected to “combustion.” (3) On the 16th line of the same page, the stop for “rotating part” is changed to “rotating part.” ”
I am corrected. (4) On page 7, line 4, the phrase "oil-based graphite" is corrected to "oil-based graphite."

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] （１）熱間又は温間鍛造に適した温度に加熱するように
なした加熱装置、鍛造装置、冷却装置での加工処理工程
及びこの各装置間を搬送される材料を大気と遮断されご
雰囲気中に置き、定寸に切断された材料の加熱より鍛造
、冷却を一貫して行いスケール及び煤煙、騒音の発生を
防止するようになしたることを特徴とする鍛造法。(1) Processing process using heating equipment, forging equipment, and cooling equipment designed to heat to a temperature suitable for hot or warm forging, and the material transported between these equipment is isolated from the atmosphere and kept in an atmosphere. A forging method characterized by consistently performing heating, forging, and cooling of materials placed inside and cut to a fixed size, thereby preventing the generation of scale, soot, and noise. （２）　　大気を遮断する雰囲気を真空状態とした特許
請求の範囲第１項記載の鍛造法。(2) The forging method according to claim 1, wherein the atmosphere that blocks the atmosphere is in a vacuum state. （３）大気を遮断する雰囲気を不活性ガスを充満せしめ
て行うことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の鍛
造法。(3) The forging method according to claim 1, characterized in that the forging method is carried out by filling an inert gas atmosphere to block the atmosphere.