JPS58146762A - Piston rod for hydraulic buffer and cylinder - Google Patents
Piston rod for hydraulic buffer and cylinderInfo
- Publication number
- JPS58146762A JPS58146762A JP2775782A JP2775782A JPS58146762A JP S58146762 A JPS58146762 A JP S58146762A JP 2775782 A JP2775782 A JP 2775782A JP 2775782 A JP2775782 A JP 2775782A JP S58146762 A JPS58146762 A JP S58146762A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- piston rod
- layer
- nitrided layer
- corrosion resistance
- hydraulic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2226/00—Manufacturing; Treatments
- F16F2226/02—Surface treatments
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本尭iiu、油圧lll1器中油圧シリンダなどのピス
トンロッドO改嵐に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a piston rod O reformer such as a hydraulic cylinder in a hydraulic cylinder.
一般に、車両用の油圧験衝器f纏設機械用の油圧シリン
ダなどKあっては、七〇S用中に泥水の付着や飛石OI
I央を受けると、ピストンロン1011面に錆か発生し
たp傷が生じ易い。In general, hydraulic cylinders for vehicles and hydraulic cylinders for machinery are subject to muddy water adhesion and flying stones during 70S operation.
When subjected to I center, rust or p scratches are likely to occur on the surface of piston ron 1011.
このように、ピストンロッドの表面に錆中傷が発生する
と、シリンダーの作動油が漏出し、機器としての性能を
低下させるばかシか周囲を油で汚すことになる。As described above, if rust or damage occurs on the surface of the piston rod, the hydraulic oil in the cylinder will leak, which will degrade the performance of the device and stain the surrounding area with oil.
そこで、従来0ピストンロンドとして、機械加工および
脱脂処mを施し九嵩材に対し、そのIN幽に窒化層ない
し浸炭窒化層を形成し、これらの表面を研磨、別布など
によ〉平滑仕上げしたものが、本出願人によp提案され
ている(%WA昭51−141948号)。Therefore, as a conventional 0 piston rond, a nitrided layer or a carbonitrided layer is formed on the inside of a nine-bulk material by machining and degreasing, and these surfaces are polished and smoothed with a separate cloth. This method has been proposed by the present applicant (%WA No. 51-141948).
しかしながら、このようKlI面に窒化層を形成したピ
ストンロッドにあっては、硬クロムメッキなどを施しえ
ものに比べ、防錆効果や適度な硬度などの点で優れてい
るとはいえ、耐食性の点では十分な40と祉い先ず、と
くに最近クローズアッグされているCASS法による耐
食性試験によれば、F〜N 、F@4Nなどの窒化層は
短期間のうちに腐食される傾向にあることが確認された
。However, although piston rods with a nitrided layer formed on the KlI surface are superior in terms of rust prevention and appropriate hardness compared to those with hard chrome plating, they have poor corrosion resistance. First of all, according to corrosion resistance tests using the CASS method, which has recently been closely investigated, nitride layers such as F~N and F@4N tend to corrode within a short period of time. was confirmed.
本発―社こOような従来Oピストンロッドの間亀点に着
目してなされたも0で、素材011面に窒ンロツドの耐
食性を陶土させることを目的とする。The present invention was made by focusing on the gap between conventional O piston rods, and the purpose is to make the corrosion resistance of nitrogen rod on the surface of the material 011.
以下本発明O実mカを図面に基づいて脱明する。The practical aspects of the present invention will be explained below based on the drawings.
第1図に示すように、ピストンロッドとして機械加工お
よび脱脂l6m1を施し九素材lに対し、そのIl鈎に
ポーラス層をも九ない均一なF・BN + Fe2Nの
窒化層2を形成し、さらにその上に1lsl化物廖3を
形成する。As shown in Fig. 1, a uniform nitrided layer 2 of F・BN + Fe2N with no porous layer was formed on the hook of the piston rod by machining and degreasing 16ml, and 1lsl compound layer 3 is formed thereon.
そして、この酸窒化物$3の表面を研磨または別布など
により平滑に仕上けて油圧11衝器や油圧シリンダなど
のピストンロッド5を構成する。Then, the surface of this oxynitride $3 is smoothed by polishing or using a separate cloth to form a piston rod 5 of a hydraulic shock absorber, a hydraulic cylinder, or the like.
すなわち、素材lは所望の成分をもつ鉄鋼あるいは倉金
銅を用いて所定の形状に成形し、かつ、これをトリクレ
ンなどで脱脂処理する。一方、アンモニアガス(N市)
を500℃以上の温度で次羨化し、温度と時間とを適切
に選択することによって素材1のII函に社、適宜、、
O厚さのポーラス層をもたない均一なF・sNおよびF
e2N O窒化層2が形成されることになる。That is, the material 1 is formed into a predetermined shape using steel or Kuragane copper having desired components, and is then degreased with trichlene or the like. On the other hand, ammonia gas (N City)
By heating the material at a temperature of 500°C or higher, and appropriately selecting the temperature and time, transfer it to the II box of material 1, as appropriate.
Uniform F・sN and F without a porous layer of O thickness
An e2N O nitride layer 2 will be formed.
なお、仁の一層、アンモニアガス中に6[fスを混入し
ておけば、素材1の表面には窒化と同時に浸縦が行なわ
れ、同様にしてI−ラス層をも九ない均一なF@@(C
N)およびFe2(CN)勢の浸脚輩化層2が形成され
る。By the way, if 6[f] is mixed in the ammonia gas in one layer of the grain, the surface of the material 1 will be nitrided and permeated at the same time, and in the same way, the I-rath layer will also be coated with a uniform F. @@(C
An immersion layer 2 composed of N) and Fe2 (CN) is formed.
続いて、この素材1の一面を研磨を九は別布なとで仕上
げたのち、硝酸塩例えFi N&OH37,41G 。Next, one side of this material 1 was polished with a separate cloth, and then a nitrate solution was applied.
KOH52,6慢、 NaN0a 10.0 % Kよ
る酸化処理を施こす。酸化処理は、硝酸塩によるものの
4か、ホモ処理、黒染めなどによる奄のがよい。Oxidation treatment with KOH52.6 and NaN0a 10.0% K is performed. The oxidation treatment is preferably nitrate treatment, homo treatment, black dyeing, etc.
このようにして窒化処理および酸化処理を施して得られ
九ピストンロンドの表面付近は、1g2図に示すように
1拡散層4、窒化層2、IILij1化物層3のl[K
各層が積み重なるようK111成される。The vicinity of the surface of the nine-piston rond obtained by performing the nitriding and oxidizing treatments in this manner is as shown in Figure 1g2.
K111 is formed so that each layer is stacked on top of each other.
上記構成に基づくピストンロッドによれば、荀酷な使用
条件KToって4長期間KTLって防錆効果が得られ、
材質O耐食性が高められる。According to the piston rod based on the above configuration, the rust prevention effect can be obtained under harsh usage conditions KTo and KTL for a long period of time.
Material O corrosion resistance is improved.
また同時に、僧□動部でかつ美−上間社となる部分に酸
化処理を施すと、防舷効果を一層増強することができ、
ピストンロッドとしての東的価値が向上する。さらに従
来のピストンロッドでは表面の窒化層が剥離し中すかつ
九が、本発明による表面の*si化−鳩3は剥離し離く
、多少の損傷などによっても美的外−を損なわないとい
う利点がある。ピストンロッドの窒化処理の過程におい
て、各種多様の窒化方法を使用することが可能となつ九
という効果もある。At the same time, by applying oxidation treatment to the moving parts and the parts that become beautiful, the fender effect can be further enhanced.
Its value as a piston rod improves. Furthermore, in contrast to conventional piston rods where the nitrided layer on the surface peels off, the *Si layer on the surface according to the present invention has the advantage that it does not peel off or disintegrate even if it is slightly damaged. There is. Another advantage is that various nitriding methods can be used in the process of nitriding the piston rod.
以上の説ij1によって、本発明によるピストンロッド
O特像が明らかになったと思うが、さらに・本発明のピ
ストンロッドが従来のクロムメッキを施したピストンロ
ッド、あるいは窒化処理を施し友だけで酸化処理を施さ
ないピストンロッドに比べていかに優れているかを知っ
てもらう九めK。I believe that the above theory ij1 has clarified the characteristics of the piston rod O according to the present invention, but furthermore, the piston rod of the present invention can be replaced with a conventional chrome-plated piston rod or a nitrided piston rod with oxidation treatment only. I want you to know how superior the piston rod is compared to a piston rod that is not treated.
以下に比較試験結果を表にしたものを示す。Below is a table of comparative test results.
P!l 塩水噴鱗試験結果
pg CASS法試験結果
113 指動試験SO塩水噴l結果
114 摺動試験後のCAS8法試験結果表5 摺動
試験後のsui変化
表1〜1l15において、08NIIiガス軟窒化、L
APはみがき仕上げ、人は硝酸塩中での酸住処m−組成
X(NaOH37,4−、KOH52,61G 。P! l Salt water spray test results pg CASS method test results 113 Finger test SO salt water jet l results 114 CAS8 method test results table 5 after sliding test Sui change after sliding test Tables 1 to 1l15, 08NIIi gas nitrocarburizing, L
AP has a polished finish, and the acid residence in nitrate m-composition X (NaOH37,4-, KOH52,61G).
NaN0m 10.Ofk ) 、 T F+ はタ
フトライドを示す。NaN0m 10. Ofk), T F+ indicates tuftride.
ここで、ガス軟窒化は、−腹500℃、処理時間3時間
にて籐3図に示す熱処11による。硝欺塩中でoiii
化旭m社第41に示すように温度400℃の塩浴中で1
0分間さらした後水冷する。Here, gas nitrocarburizing was carried out by heat treatment 11 shown in Fig. 3 at -500° C. for 3 hours. Oiii in Nitomashio
1 in a salt bath at a temperature of 400°C as shown in Kasahi Msha No. 41.
After exposing for 0 minutes, cool with water.
ここでは、本発明の効果の%に着しい、〔ガス軟窒化〕
:+〔みがき仕上げ〕+〔硝酸塩中での酸化処ll@組
成X〕、
〔タフト2イド〕+〔硝酸塩中での酸化処理・組@AJ
+Lみが龜仕上げ〕+〔硝酸塩中での歇化旭履・組成X
〕(JIK5図参照)、〔ガス軟窒化〕+〔みがき仕上
げ〕+〔黒染め〕、03つO実験MKついて、耐食性を
レイティングN0II示((1−発錆面積比率)XIO
)で評価し喪ものをあられす。Here, [gas nitrocarburizing] is the most effective % of the present invention.
: + [Brushing finish] + [Oxidation treatment in nitrate @ Composition
+L finish] + [Sensitive sandals in nitrate, composition
] (Refer to JIK5 figure), [Gas nitrocarburizing] + [Brushing finish] + [Black dyeing], 03 O experiment MK, corrosion resistance rating N0II ((1 - Rust area ratio) XIO
) and evaluate the mourning.
$11,2は、塩水噴霧法(JIS、Z2371 )及
ヒCA38法(JIS、D 0201に準する法)Kよ
る耐食性試験結果を示す。なお、m動試験は、油圧級l
l1i器に前述O処mを施したピストンロッドを組み込
み、3万回往復摺動を繰シ返して行つ九。本発明による
各実験例は、クロムメッキと比較すると。$11.2 shows the corrosion resistance test results by the salt spray method (JIS, Z2371) and the CA38 method (method according to JIS, D 0201). In addition, the m dynamic test is performed using hydraulic class l.
The piston rod that has been subjected to the O treatment described above is installed in the I1i device, and the piston rod is repeatedly slid back and forth 30,000 times.9. Each experimental example according to the present invention is compared with chrome plating.
いずれの耐食性試験によって4クロムメツキと同等以上
であるが、C人sS法による耐食性試験で゛は、ガス軟
窒化のみでは着しく劣ることがわかる。In all corrosion resistance tests, it is equivalent to or better than 4 chrome plating, but in the corrosion resistance test using the CSS method, it is found that gas nitrocarburizing alone is inferior.
しかし、窒化処m@、酸化処理を施すととによシ、(:
::A2B法による耐食性試験を行なうと、クロムメツ
中同等以上の耐食性が得られるのである。However, if nitriding treatment or oxidation treatment is applied, it becomes better (:
::When a corrosion resistance test is conducted using the A2B method, corrosion resistance equivalent to or higher than that of chrome metal can be obtained.
IN3.4は、摺動試験後の、塩水噴霧法及びCA38
法による耐食性試験結果を示す。これKよると、本発明
による%爽IIi?11とt、クロムメッキと比較して
同等以上の耐食性を有することがわかる。IN3.4 is the salt spray method and CA38 after the sliding test.
The results of the corrosion resistance test are shown below. According to this K, % refreshing IIi according to the present invention? 11 and t, it can be seen that the corrosion resistance is equivalent to or higher than that of chrome plating.
嵌5は、摺動試験後の粗度変化の状況をあられす。クロ
ムメッキは摺動試験*sitが悪くなp、また〔ガス軟
窒化〕+〔みがき仕上け〕はIi&がほとんど変化しな
い。これに対し、〔窒化処理〕+〔酸化丸部〕Kよれば
逆に粗度が良好になる傾向があるため、本発明によるピ
ストンロッドは、表面に生成された酸窒化物N3によ如
、油圧lll1i!tIt九は油圧シリンダとしての油
洩れ、ガス洩れをよp効果的に防止することができると
いう特有の効果を奏する。Fitting 5 shows the roughness change after the sliding test. Chrome plating has poor sliding test *sit, and [gas soft nitriding] + [polishing finish] has almost no change in Ii&. On the other hand, if [nitriding treatment] + [oxidized round part] K, the roughness tends to become better. Hydraulic lll1i! tIt9 has the unique effect of being able to more effectively prevent oil leaks and gas leaks as a hydraulic cylinder.
このようにして、本発明によれば、窒化感層にさらKl
[住処mを付加することによ9%指動後であってもピス
トンロッドの耐食性は着しく向上し、防錆効果が着しく
高められるO″′cToる。In this way, according to the present invention, the nitride-sensitive layer is further coated with Kl.
[By adding the housing m, the corrosion resistance of the piston rod is significantly improved even after 9% fingering, and the rust prevention effect is significantly enhanced.
また、酸化処塩による表′r#は、アルカリ全島硝酸塩
中において300℃処理で黄色、350℃処理で青色、
400℃処造で黒色に着色されるという具合から、適宜
、塩浴の温度を設定することKよp好適の着色を採択し
、油圧緩衝器又は油圧シリンI゛としてのIl!観の面
からの商品価値を高めることがて自る。In addition, the table 'r# for oxidized salt is yellow when treated at 300°C in alkaline whole island nitrate, blue when treated at 350°C,
Since it is colored black when processed at 400°C, by setting the temperature of the salt bath appropriately, a suitable coloring is adopted and used as a hydraulic shock absorber or hydraulic cylinder I! It is possible to increase the product value from a visual perspective.
さらに、 ピストンロッドの!1面は酸化被gを形成
することとなるので、atが高〈従来のピストンロッド
に比べ、!IRTI7i剥離に対する抑制効果を着しく
増大することができる。こ0離剥−特性は、油圧シリン
ダ、ステイ〆ンパ、インナーチューブ等のように、fl
ll後動後にさらされて!IIIが重視される部分τ%
に効果的であ如、ピストンロッドとしての外観美を損う
ことなくかつ耐傷付性を陶土することができる。Furthermore, the piston rod! Since the first surface forms an oxidized layer (g), AT is high (compared to conventional piston rods!). The inhibitory effect on IRTI7i peeling can be significantly increased. This 0-peel characteristic is suitable for fl
Ill be exposed after the rear movement! Part where III is emphasized τ%
As a result, the piston rod can be made of china clay with scratch resistance without impairing its external beauty.
以上のように本発明によれば、油圧IIklk餘中油圧
シリンダなどのピストンロッドのIII!mK窒化処履
を施住処窒化層を形成し、さらにこの上に*住処1を施
して酸窒化物層を形成したので、耐久性管高めて防錆効
果を陶土させることができるとともに1耐傷付性にも優
れ、油圧緩衝器や油圧シリンダのライフサイクルの長期
化を麹保することができるという効果を得る。As described above, according to the present invention, a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder such as a hydraulic cylinder III! By applying mK nitriding to form a nitrided layer, and then applying *Jishoku 1 on top of this to form an oxynitride layer, it is possible to increase the durability of the pipe, make it rust-proof, and make it scratch resistant. It also has the advantage of being able to prolong the life cycle of hydraulic shock absorbers and hydraulic cylinders.
第1図社本発明による油圧緩衝器や油圧シリ/〆なとの
ピストンロッドを示す一部切断斜視図、第2図は第1図
の横断−IO一部をあられす平面1!明図、第3図はガ
ス軟窒化O熱旭履条件説明図、第4図は硝酸塩浴中でO
駿化旭聰の熱旭理条件説明図、館5図は一夾験hO熱処
理条件説明−である。
1・・・素材、2・・・窒化層、3・・・酸窒化物層、
4・・・拡散層、5・・・ピストンロッド。
特許出願人 萱鳩工集株式会社
第1図
第2図
第3図
第4図
第5図
時閏Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a piston rod of a hydraulic shock absorber or a hydraulic cylinder/closer according to the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a plane 1 showing a cross section of Fig. Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of O heating conditions for gas soft nitriding, and Figure 4 is an illustration of O heating in a nitrate bath.
Figure 5 of Sunka Asahi's heat treatment conditions explanatory diagram is an explanation of the heat treatment conditions for one trial. 1...Material, 2...Nitride layer, 3...Oxynitride layer,
4... Diffusion layer, 5... Piston rod. Patent Applicant Kayabato Koshu Co., Ltd. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Time Leap
Claims (1)
化層O上Kll化処1llIを施して駿電化物層を形成
した、油圧5uir曇中油圧シリンダなどのピストンロ
ッド。A piston rod, such as a hydraulic 5uir hydraulic cylinder, in which a nitrided layer is formed by applying a K nitriding process, and a electrified layer is formed by applying a KII process on the nitrided layer.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2775782A JPS58146762A (en) | 1982-02-23 | 1982-02-23 | Piston rod for hydraulic buffer and cylinder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2775782A JPS58146762A (en) | 1982-02-23 | 1982-02-23 | Piston rod for hydraulic buffer and cylinder |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS58146762A true JPS58146762A (en) | 1983-09-01 |
Family
ID=12229881
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2775782A Pending JPS58146762A (en) | 1982-02-23 | 1982-02-23 | Piston rod for hydraulic buffer and cylinder |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS58146762A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2560892A1 (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1985-09-13 | Peugeot | METHOD FOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF STEEL OR CAST IRON PARTS BY ION BOMBING |
EP0733720A1 (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1996-09-25 | August Bilstein GmbH | Surface treated piston |
EP0964180A1 (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-15 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Spray coatings for suspension damper rods |
EP1215411A3 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2006-02-01 | Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG | Hydraulic piston and process for its surface treatment |
-
1982
- 1982-02-23 JP JP2775782A patent/JPS58146762A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2560892A1 (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1985-09-13 | Peugeot | METHOD FOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF STEEL OR CAST IRON PARTS BY ION BOMBING |
EP0733720A1 (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1996-09-25 | August Bilstein GmbH | Surface treated piston |
EP0964180A1 (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-15 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Spray coatings for suspension damper rods |
US6189663B1 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2001-02-20 | General Motors Corporation | Spray coatings for suspension damper rods |
EP1215411A3 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2006-02-01 | Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG | Hydraulic piston and process for its surface treatment |
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