JPS5811453Y2 - Machine tool chuck device - Google Patents

Description

【考案の詳細な説明】 この考案は旋盤等の工作機械に取付は使用する薄肉円筒
状工作物用パワーチャック装置の改良に係る。[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention relates to an improvement of a power chuck device for thin-walled cylindrical workpieces that is installed and used in machine tools such as lathes.

従来円筒状の薄肉工作物或いは変形し易い材質の工作物
を把持して加工を行なう工作機械のチャック装置は工作
物端部の外周または内周のいずれか一方または双方を複
数個の爪またはコレットで把持するものが多く用いられ
ているが、チャックの把持力によって工作物が変形して
寸法にばらつきを生じ易く、変形を防ぐためにチャック
の把持力を弱めると加工能率が低下したり、工作物がバ
イトに押されて脱落するような問題が生ずる。Conventionally, chuck devices for machine tools that grip and process cylindrical thin-walled workpieces or workpieces made of easily deformable materials have a plurality of jaws or collets attached to either or both of the outer periphery and inner periphery of the end of the workpiece. However, the gripping force of the chuck tends to deform the workpiece and cause variations in dimensions, and if the gripping force of the chuck is weakened to prevent deformation, machining efficiency decreases and the workpiece This may cause problems such as the tool being pushed by the cutting tool and falling off.

また−回の工作物把持によって内外径仕上加工後にこの
工作物を中央から突切るいわゆる２個取り加工法では更
に突切り加工による捩れひずみが加わる欠点がある。In addition, the so-called two-piece machining method, in which the workpiece is gripped twice and the workpiece is cut off from the center after finishing the inner and outer diameters, has the disadvantage that torsional strain is added due to the cutoff process.

このような径方向把持に基づく薄肉工作物の変形を防ぐ
方法として、肉厚のスリーブ状外径やといと称する取付
具を用いて工作物をやとい穴に挿入後、チャックの爪に
把持させる方法があるが、前加工の精度の影響を受ける
上に工数をそれだけ余分に要する欠点がある。As a method to prevent deformation of thin-walled workpieces due to such radial gripping, the workpiece is inserted into a narrow hole using a fitting called a thick-walled sleeve-shaped outer diameter or tweezers, and then gripped by the jaws of the chuck. There is a method, but it has the disadvantage that it is affected by the accuracy of pre-processing and requires an extra number of man-hours.

他の形式の取付具としてねじやといを用いる方法では爪
による径方向の把持力が工作物に加わらないので変形は
生じないが、工作物に捨てねじを切る工程が加わるため
工数の増加は避けられない。Other methods that use screws or drill bits as attachments do not cause deformation because the radial gripping force of the claws is not applied to the workpiece, but an increase in man-hours is avoided because the process of cutting a waste thread into the workpiece is added. I can't.

またチャックの代りに面板を用い、工作物の端面に接着
剤を塗付して面板に保持させる方法も試みられたが、加
工後に面板から工作物を取外すときにひずみを生じ易い
上に、着脱に工数を要し、量産には適当でない。In addition, attempts have been made to use a face plate instead of a chuck and apply adhesive to the end face of the workpiece to hold it on the face plate, but this method tends to cause distortion when removing the workpiece from the face plate after machining, and is difficult to attach or remove. It requires a lot of man-hours and is not suitable for mass production.

この考案は上記のような問題点を解決する円筒状薄肉工
作物のチャック装置を提供することを目的とし、円筒状
の薄肉工作物の加工、特に仕上切削に際して径方向に把
持力を加える従来のチャック方法では変形に基づく精度
の低下は避けられないが、軸方向に把持力を加えるチャ
ック方法では精度を出し易いという知見に基づいて考案
されたものであり、工作物の把持すべき端部の径方向に
フランジを突設してその端面を工作物の基準面として工
作物の位置決めと心出しをしたのち、基準面のフランジ
で軸方向の基準となるロケータに緊締することにより、
工作物の心出しおよび軸方向の位置決めと把持とを分離
して、これらを自動的かつ正確に行なうようにしたもの
である。The purpose of this invention is to provide a chuck device for cylindrical thin-walled workpieces that solves the above-mentioned problems. The chuck method was devised based on the knowledge that a decrease in accuracy due to deformation is unavoidable, but the chuck method that applies gripping force in the axial direction can easily improve accuracy. By providing a radially protruding flange and positioning and centering the workpiece using its end face as a reference surface for the workpiece, the flange on the reference surface is tightened to a locator that serves as an axial reference.
The centering, axial positioning, and gripping of the workpiece are separated so that they can be performed automatically and accurately.

次に添付図面に示す実施例について説明する。Next, embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings will be described.

工作機械の主軸台に回転自在に支承された主軸１の先端
にアダプタ２を介してチャック本体３が取付けである。A chuck body 3 is attached via an adapter 2 to the tip of a main spindle 1 rotatably supported on a headstock of a machine tool.

アダプタ２は従来形式のパワーチャックその他の把持具
と交換して装着するために備えたものであるが、チャッ
ク本体３を主軸１の先端に直接固着しても差支えはない
。Although the adapter 2 is provided to replace a conventional power chuck or other gripping tool, there is no problem in directly fixing the chuck body 3 to the tip of the main shaft 1.

チャック本体３の前端面には加工すべき円筒状の工作物
４の外径寸法に適合する所要寸法の円筒形状の環状取付
具５がボルト６によって取付けられており、対象とする
工作物４の寸法を変更する場合にはそれに対応して環状
取付具５も交換するため容易に着脱できる構造としであ
る。A cylindrical annular fixture 5 with a required size that matches the outer diameter of the cylindrical workpiece 4 to be machined is attached to the front end surface of the chuck body 3 with a bolt 6. When the dimensions are changed, the annular fixture 5 is also replaced accordingly, so the structure is such that it can be easily attached and detached.

環状取付具５の前端面には円筒状工作物４の後端を挿入
して心出しをするための浅い嵌合受はロアが旋削されて
おり、その段状になった底面８には円周上に等間隔に少
なくとも３個またはそれ以上のロケータ９が固着されて
いる。On the front end surface of the annular fixture 5, a shallow fitting socket for inserting and centering the rear end of the cylindrical workpiece 4 has a lower lower part turned, and the stepped bottom surface 8 has a circular shape. At least three or more locators 9 are fixed at equal intervals on the circumference.

ロケータ９は工作物４の基準面と接する軸方向の基準面
となるもので、図示の例では先端面が受はロアの底面８
から僅かに突出して植設されたピン状のものである。The locator 9 serves as a reference surface in the axial direction that contacts the reference surface of the workpiece 4, and in the illustrated example, the tip surface is the receiver and the lower bottom surface 8.
It is a pin-shaped thing that is implanted and slightly protrudes from the base.

その端面ば摩耗を防止するため焼入れして硬化しておく
とよい。It is advisable to harden the end face by quenching to prevent wear.

ピンの代りに受はロアを加工するときロケータ９を等間
隔に底面８から突出削設して環状取付具５と一体に形成
してもよい。Instead of the pin, the receiver may be formed integrally with the annular fixture 5 by cutting the locators 9 protruding from the bottom surface 8 at equal intervals when processing the lower part.

このようにロケータを円周上で等間隔に設けておくと円
周上にリング状に設けた場合と異なり、双方の加工精度
の影響により工作物が傾いたりすることがなく、工作物
の基準面で軸方向の基準となるロケータ上に確実に緊締
される点で好都合である。If the locators are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference in this way, unlike when they are arranged in a ring shape on the circumference, the workpiece will not be tilted due to the influence of the machining accuracy of both sides, and the workpiece can be used as a reference point. This is advantageous in that it can be securely tightened onto the locator, which serves as an axial reference.

円筒状工作部の端部に径方向に突設したフランジ４ａの
基準面をロケータ９に押しつけるために使用する環状締
付具１０は外周上のロケータ９と対応する位置に薄肉締
付片１１を一体に突出させて形成してあり、内周には後
述する爪１４が係合するように爪受け１２が段状に削設
しである。An annular fastener 10 used to press the reference surface of a flange 4a protruding in the radial direction at the end of the cylindrical workpiece against the locator 9 has a thin fastening piece 11 at a position corresponding to the locator 9 on the outer periphery. It is formed to protrude integrally, and a pawl receiver 12 is cut in a stepped manner on the inner periphery so that a pawl 14, which will be described later, is engaged therewith.

環状締付具１０の内側には主軸軸心方向に平行に複数本
の連結棒１３が設けられ、その先端には環状取付具１０
の爪受け１２と係合する爪１４が直角方向に突出してボ
ルト１５で固着しである。A plurality of connecting rods 13 are provided inside the annular fastener 10 in parallel to the main axis direction, and the annular fixture 10 is attached to the tip of the connecting rod 13.
A pawl 14 that engages with the pawl receiver 12 protrudes in the right angle direction and is fixed with a bolt 15.

連結棒１３は主軸１の軸心の近傍にあって軸心のまわり
に円周上等間隔に設けられ、チャック本体３に固着され
た支持具１６に穿設された案内孔を摺動自在に貫通し、
基部１３ａは保持部材１７によって回転自在に、かつ軸
方向に相対的に移動しないように保持されている。The connecting rods 13 are provided near the axis of the main shaft 1 at equal intervals on the circumference around the axis, and are slidable through guide holes bored in a support 16 fixed to the chuck body 3. penetrate,
The base portion 13a is held by a holding member 17 so as to be rotatable and not relatively movable in the axial direction.

該保持部材１７には連結具１８が螺着され、該連結具１
８は主軸後端に取付けられた流体圧シリンダ２０のピス
トン２１にドローバ１９を介して連結されている。A connecting tool 18 is screwed onto the holding member 17, and the connecting tool 1
8 is connected via a drawbar 19 to a piston 21 of a fluid pressure cylinder 20 attached to the rear end of the main shaft.

連結棒１３の外面には第４図に展開して示すようなカム
溝２２が削設してあり、支持具１６に螺設した案内ピン
２３が係合してカムを構成している。A cam groove 22 as shown developed in FIG. 4 is cut on the outer surface of the connecting rod 13, and a guide pin 23 screwed onto the support 16 engages with the cam groove 22 to form a cam.

従って連結棒１３は流体圧シリンダ２０のピストン２１
の前後進に伴なって軸心方向に直線往復運動を行なうと
共に案内ピン２３に案内されてカム溝２２に沿ってそれ
ぞれ回転運動を行ない、この両運動によって各連結棒１
３の先端に固着された爪１４は一斉に所定角度だけ螺旋
状に運動し、爪先の方向を変えながら進退する。Therefore, the connecting rod 13 is connected to the piston 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 20.
As it moves back and forth, it performs linear reciprocating motion in the axial direction, and also rotates along the cam groove 22 guided by the guide pin 23, and by these movements, each connecting rod 1
The claws 14 fixed to the tips of the claws 3 move in a spiral manner by a predetermined angle all at once, moving forward and backward while changing the direction of the claws.

上記のような構造になっているので、加工すべき工作物
の外径寸法に対応した径の受は口を削設した環状取付具
５を予めチャック本体３の前端面に装着しておく。Since the structure is as described above, the annular fixture 5 having a diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the workpiece to be machined is mounted on the front end surface of the chuck body 3 in advance.

必要に応じ前６ｏ工を施して担持すべき端部の内側に薄
肉のフランジ４ａを設けた円筒状の薄肉工作物４の内側
に環状締付具１０を挿入し、工作物４の端部を環状取付
具５の前端面の受はロアの中に挿しこんで嵌合せしめて
心出しを行ない、工作物の基準面を環状取付具５の各ロ
ケータ９の基準面に当接させると共に、環状締付具１０
外周の各薄肉締付片１１が工作物の端部フランジ４ａを
挾んで各ロケータ９と対向する位置に来るように保持す
る。The annular fastener 10 is inserted into the inside of the cylindrical thin-walled workpiece 4, which is provided with a thin-walled flange 4a on the inside of the end to be supported by pre-processing if necessary. The receiver on the front end surface of the annular fixture 5 is inserted into the lower and fitted to perform centering, and the reference surface of the workpiece is brought into contact with the reference surface of each locator 9 of the annular fixture 5, and the annular fastener is Attachment 10
Each of the thin tightening pieces 11 on the outer periphery grips the end flange 4a of the workpiece and holds it in a position facing each of the locators 9.

この時点では流体圧シリンダ２０は緩の状態、すなわち
ピストン２１は図において右方へ前進した状態とし、従
って冬瓜１４は第１図および第３図に破線で示す待機位
置１４′に在る。At this point, the hydraulic cylinder 20 is in a relaxed state, that is, the piston 21 is advanced to the right in the drawings, and the winter melon 14 is therefore in the standby position 14' shown in broken lines in FIGS. 1 and 3.

冬瓜１４が待機位置１４′にある場合、環状締付具１０
を挿入した工作物４を環状取付具５の受はロアに挿しこ
む際に環状締付具１０の内周が冬瓜の出入の邪魔になる
ことなく、冬瓜は自由に通過できるようにしておく。When the winter melon 14 is in the standby position 14', the annular fastener 10
When inserting the workpiece 4 into which the workpiece 4 has been inserted into the lower part of the annular fixture 5, the inner periphery of the annular fastener 10 does not obstruct the entry and exit of the winter melon, allowing the winter melon to pass through freely.

流体圧回路を切換えて流体圧シリンダ２０を締にすると
ピストン２１は後退し、それに伴なって各連結棒１３も
支持具１６の案内孔の中を摺動して同時に左方へ後退移
動する。When the fluid pressure circuit is switched and the fluid pressure cylinder 20 is tightened, the piston 21 retreats, and each connecting rod 13 also slides in the guide hole of the support 16 and moves backward to the left at the same time.

連結棒１３のカム溝２２には支持具１６に固定された案
内ピン２３が係合しているので連結棒はそれぞれ後退し
ながらカム溝に沿って自身の軸心のまわりに回転する。Since a guide pin 23 fixed to the support 16 is engaged with the cam groove 22 of the connecting rod 13, the connecting rod rotates about its own axis along the cam groove while moving backward.

従って各連結棒１３の先端に固着された爪１４はその待
機位置１４′から各連結棒１３の軸心のまわりにそれぞ
れ螺旋を画きながら後退し、爪１４の先端部は環状締付
具１０の爪受け１２に係合するようになり、連結棒１３
の後退に伴なって環状締付具１０を軸心方向へ押圧し、
その外周に突設した薄肉締付片１１を介して工作物４の
端部フランジ４ａの基準面をロケータ９に押圧緊締して
心出し作業と把持作業が終了する。Therefore, the claw 14 fixed to the tip of each connecting rod 13 retreats from its standby position 14' while forming a spiral around the axis of each connecting rod 13. It comes to engage with the pawl receiver 12, and the connecting rod 13
presses the annular fastener 10 in the axial direction as the
The reference surface of the end flange 4a of the workpiece 4 is pressed and tightened to the locator 9 via the thin tightening piece 11 protruding from the outer periphery, and the centering and gripping operations are completed.

図示の例では比較的径の大きな工作物について把持端部
内周側にフランジを設け、主軸中心線近傍に配設した複
数の連結棒先端の爪によって環状締付具を介して工作物
の内面から工作物フランジを軸方向に緊締把持する場合
について説明したが、小径の工作物については把持端部
外周に径方向にフランジを突設し、チャック本体および
環状取付具の外縁部に等間隔に複数個の連結棒を設けて
工作物の外周からフランジを軸心方向へ緊締把持する構
成とすれば同様な作用効果を奏することは容易に理解さ
れよう。In the illustrated example, a flange is provided on the inner circumferential side of the gripping end for a relatively large-diameter workpiece, and a plurality of claws at the ends of the connecting rods arranged near the spindle center line grip the workpiece from the inner surface of the workpiece through an annular fastener. The case where the workpiece flange is tightly gripped in the axial direction has been described, but for small-diameter workpieces, flanges are provided radially protruding on the outer periphery of the gripping end, and multiple flanges are provided at equal intervals on the outer edge of the chuck body and the annular fixture. It will be easily understood that similar effects can be achieved if the flange is tightened and gripped in the axial direction from the outer periphery of the workpiece by providing two connecting rods.

以上説明したように本考案によれば円筒状工作物を工作
機械に取付けて切削する場合従来方法の如くに基準端面
側を外周または内周面或いはその両方から複数の爪で径
方向へ把持力を加えて心出しと把持を同時に行なうこと
はしないで、心出しはチャック本体に同心に装着した環
状取付具の受は口に工作物の基準面のある端部を浅く嵌
合して行ない、把持は複数の爪によって環状締付具の薄
肉締付片を介して工作物の基準面を環状取付具に設けた
ロケータの基準面に当接せしめ軸心方向へ押圧緊締して
行なうので、心出し機能と把持機能とが分離され、チャ
ック座面に生じがちなゆがみ等の影響を受けることがな
く、薄肉或いは変形し易い工作物でも仕上切削後に製品
に変形を生じたり、寸法精度のばらつきを大きくしたり
することなく、またねじやとい或いは外径やといを使用
する従来法に比較して加工工数が少なく能率的であり、
或いは前加工に多大な労力と工数を要することもないの
で加工賃を低減できる。As explained above, according to the present invention, when a cylindrical workpiece is mounted on a machine tool and cut, the reference end face side is gripped in the radial direction by a plurality of claws from the outer circumference, inner circumference, or both, as in the conventional method. Instead of performing centering and gripping at the same time by adding Gripping is performed by bringing the reference surface of the workpiece into contact with the reference surface of the locator provided on the annular fixture via the thin clamping piece of the annular fixture, and tightening the workpiece in the axial direction. The ejecting function and the gripping function are separated, so it is not affected by distortions that tend to occur on the chuck seat surface, and even with thin or easily deformed workpieces, the product will not be deformed after finishing cutting, and there will be no variation in dimensional accuracy. There is no need to increase the size, and compared to conventional methods that use screws and drills, or outer diameter and drill holes, it is more efficient and requires fewer processing steps.
Alternatively, since pre-processing does not require a great deal of labor and man-hours, processing costs can be reduced.

更にまた、チャック装置の構成もきわめて簡単で部品数
も少なく、製作費用も小額で済む等その実用上の効果は
大きい。Furthermore, the configuration of the chuck device is extremely simple, the number of parts is small, and the manufacturing cost is small, which has great practical effects.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第１図は本考案の実施例の主軸より前半部を示す断面図
、第２図は同じく主軸より後半部を示す断面図、第３図
は前半部の要部側面図、第４図はカム溝展開図、第５図
はカム機構を示す要部拡大断面図である。 １・・・・・・主軸、２・・・・・・アダプタ、３・・
・・・・チャック本体、４・・・・・・工作物、４ａ・
・・・・・工作物端部フランジ、５・・・・・・環状取
付具、７・・・・・・受は口、８・・・・・・受は口底
面、９・・・・・・ロケータ、１０・・・・・・環状締
付具、１１・・・・・・薄肉締付片、１２・・・・・・
爪受け、１３・・・・・・連結棒、１４・・・・・・爪
、１６・・・・・・支持具、１７・・・・・・保持部材
、１８・・・・・・連結具、１９・・・・・・ドローバ
、２０・・・・・・流体圧シリンダ、２１・・・・・・
ピストン、２２・・・・・・カム溝、２３・・・・・・
案内ピン。Figure 1 is a sectional view showing the front half of the main shaft of the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a sectional view of the rear half of the main shaft, Figure 3 is a side view of the main parts of the front half, and Figure 4 is the cam. The groove development view and FIG. 5 are enlarged sectional views of essential parts showing the cam mechanism. 1... Main shaft, 2... Adapter, 3...
... Chuck body, 4 ... Workpiece, 4a.
... Workpiece end flange, 5 ... Annular fitting, 7 ... Receiver is mouth, 8 ... ... Receiver is mouth bottom surface, 9 ...... ...Locator, 10...Annular fastener, 11...Thin fastening piece, 12...
Claw receiver, 13... Connection rod, 14... Claw, 16... Support tool, 17... Holding member, 18... Connection Tool, 19... Drawbar, 20... Fluid pressure cylinder, 21...
Piston, 22...Cam groove, 23...
Guide pin.

Claims (1)

【実用新案登録請求の範囲】 工作機械の主軸先端部に取付けられ円筒状の薄肉工作物
を把持回転するチャック装置において、主軸に取付けら
れたチャック本体前面に工作物の径に対応して交換可能
に嵌着され、前面に円筒状薄肉工作物の後端部を嵌着し
て心出しをする主軸軸心と同心に旋削された受は口を形
成すると共に、前記工作物の後端面を受けて軸方向位置
決めをする複数個のロケータを前記受は口の底面に円周
上等間隔に配設した環状取付具、 前記工作物の後端部に径方向に突出して設けられたフラ
ンジと前記ロケータに対向する位置において係合する複
数の薄肉締付片を突出して形成した環状締付具、 主軸後端部の駆動装置とドローバを介して連結されて該
ドローバと連動して軸方向に進退すると共に、その進退
に伴なってカム機構により所定の角度だけ回動する複数
本の連結棒、 ならびに該連結棒の先端に直角方向に突出して固設され
、連結棒の後退時に回転しながら後退して前記環状締付
具に径方向に突出して設けられた爪受けと係合し、該環
状締付具によって前記工作物を前記ロケータに押圧して
緊締する爪 を備えたことを特徴とする工作機械のチャック装置。[Claim for Utility Model Registration] In a chuck device that is attached to the tip of the spindle of a machine tool and grips and rotates a cylindrical thin-walled workpiece, the front surface of the chuck body attached to the spindle is replaceable according to the diameter of the workpiece. The receiver, which is fitted into the front face of the workpiece and which is turned concentrically with the axis of the main shaft for centering by fitting the rear end of the cylindrical thin-walled workpiece, forms a mouth and receives the rear end face of the workpiece. an annular fixture in which a plurality of locators for axial positioning are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference on the bottom surface of the receiving port; An annular fastener formed with a plurality of protruding thin fastening pieces that engage at a position facing the locator, connected to a drive device at the rear end of the main shaft via a drawbar, and moved back and forth in the axial direction in conjunction with the drawbar. At the same time, there are a plurality of connecting rods that are rotated by a predetermined angle by a cam mechanism as the connecting rods move forward and backward, and a connecting rod that is fixedly protruded from the tip of the connecting rod in a right angle direction, and that rotates and retreats when the connecting rods move back and forth. and a pawl that engages with a pawl receiver provided on the annular fastener so as to protrude in the radial direction, and presses and tightens the workpiece against the locator by the annular fastener. Machine tool chuck device.