JPH1190676A - Welded joint for piping - Google Patents
Welded joint for pipingInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1190676A JPH1190676A JP25161397A JP25161397A JPH1190676A JP H1190676 A JPH1190676 A JP H1190676A JP 25161397 A JP25161397 A JP 25161397A JP 25161397 A JP25161397 A JP 25161397A JP H1190676 A JPH1190676 A JP H1190676A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- piping
- projection
- range
- contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、継手位置の内面が
滑らかな配管溶接継手に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a welded pipe joint having a smooth inner surface at a joint position.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】加圧流動層ボイラでは、外部から供給さ
れた石炭をボイラ本体内の流動層内で燃焼させ、その排
ガスをサイクロンに送り、サイクロンで灰やベッド材を
除去し、排ガスはガスタービンに送り、除去した灰やベ
ッド材は再びボイラへ送り流動層を形成させる。このよ
うな灰やベッド材を含むガスは高温であり、流速も大き
く、例えば20m/sもの速度になる。これらの搬送は
配管で行われる。2. Description of the Related Art In a pressurized fluidized-bed boiler, coal supplied from the outside is burned in a fluidized bed in a boiler body, the exhaust gas is sent to a cyclone, and ash and bed material are removed by the cyclone. The ash and bed material removed from the turbine are sent to the boiler again to form a fluidized bed. The gas containing such ash and bed material has a high temperature and a large flow velocity, for example, as high as 20 m / s. These transports are performed by piping.
【0003】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】排ガスに含まれる灰や
ベッド材は配管内面を摩耗させる作用が大きい。特に継
手部は内面に溶着金属が***している場合、流れの乱れ
による摩耗が大きい。図2はこのような配管の継手を示
す。一方の配管1と他方の配管2とを配管内側で数mm
間隔を設けてセットし溶接する。配管の継手の溶接は通
常外面のみから行われるので、配管内面に溶接欠陥が生
じないよう、配管内面より溶着金属5が盛り上がるよう
にする。これを裏波と言っている。しかしこのような突
起があると流れが乱れ摩耗が大きくなる。The ash and bed material contained in the exhaust gas have a large effect of abrading the inner surface of the pipe. In particular, when the weld metal is raised on the inner surface of the joint, wear due to turbulence in the flow is large. FIG. 2 shows such a pipe joint. One pipe 1 and the other pipe 2 are several mm inside the pipe.
Set and weld at intervals. Since the welding of the joint of the pipe is usually performed only from the outer surface, the weld metal 5 is raised from the inner surface of the pipe so as not to cause welding defects on the inner surface of the pipe. This is called Uranami. However, the presence of such protrusions disturbs the flow and increases wear.
【0004】このため図3〜5に示すような重ね継手が
用いられている。、図3は接合リング3を用いる場合を
示し、接合リング3と各配管1,2との間にスキマを設
け溶着金属5による収縮を吸収するようにしている。こ
の場合スキマは2ケ所に設けられる。図4は重ねリング
4を用いた場合で、スキマは1ケ所である。図5は重ね
リング4を用い配管1,2の突き合わせに段付部6を設
けたものである。この場合もスキマは1ケ所となる。図
3〜5に示す継手は配管内面は突起や段差はなく滑らか
である。スキマは1mm以内であれば摩耗に対して問題
ない。しかしこれらの継手ではスキマを管理して溶接す
ることが困難である。また接合リング3や重ねリングは
配管外面より突出しているため、これらの外側面と配管
1,2の内面側との温度差が大きく、これによる伸びの
差により溶接部(溶着金属5)にクラックを生ずる。特
にオーステナイトステンレス鋼においては、伸びの差が
大きく、応力緩和も小さいため、これにより発生する熱
応力が大きく、このためクリープ損傷が大きい。また低
温ではSCC(応力腐食割れ)が問題となる。For this reason, a lap joint as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 is used. FIG. 3 shows a case where the joining ring 3 is used, and a gap is provided between the joining ring 3 and each of the pipes 1 and 2 so as to absorb the contraction caused by the weld metal 5. In this case, gaps are provided at two places. FIG. 4 shows a case where the overlapping ring 4 is used, and there is one gap. FIG. 5 shows a configuration in which a stepped portion 6 is provided at the butting of the pipes 1 and 2 using the overlapping ring 4. Also in this case, there is one gap. The joint shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 has a smooth inner surface of the pipe without any protrusions or steps. If the gap is within 1 mm, there is no problem with respect to wear. However, it is difficult for these joints to manage the gap and perform welding. In addition, since the joining ring 3 and the lap ring project from the outer surface of the pipe, a temperature difference between the outer surface and the inner surface of the pipes 1 and 2 is large, and a difference in elongation causes cracks in the weld (weld metal 5). Is generated. Particularly, in austenitic stainless steel, the difference in elongation is large and the stress relaxation is small, so that the resulting thermal stress is large, and therefore the creep damage is large. At low temperatures, SCC (stress corrosion cracking) becomes a problem.
【0005】本発明は上述の問題点に鑑みてなされたも
ので、熱応力の発生が少なく、内面に突起、段差および
スキマのない配管溶接継手を提供することを目的とす
る。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to provide a pipe welded joint which generates little thermal stress and has no projections, steps or gaps on its inner surface.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、請求項1の発明では、配管の突き合わせ溶接継手で
あって、一方の配管の内面側に縦断面で先端が四角形状
の突起部を有しており、他方の配管の内面側には前記突
起部と嵌合する凹み部があり、前記突起部と前記凹み部
の配管外面側に溶接金属が肉盛りされる開先部があり、
前記突起部と前記凹み部の配管半径方向の面は内面より
長さTの範囲で互いに対向し、内面よりtの範囲で接触
し残りT−tの範囲はスキマを有しており、前記突起部
と前記凹み部の配管軸方向の曲面が接触することにより
一方の配管内面と他方の配管内面は同一曲面となる。In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a butt-welded joint for pipes, wherein a protrusion having a vertical section and a quadrangular tip at an inner surface side of one of the pipes is provided. The other pipe has an inner surface side with a concave portion that fits with the protrusion, and the protrusion and the concave portion with a weld metal on the outer surface side of the concave portion with the pipe have a groove portion,
The radial direction of the pipe of the protrusion and the concave portion is opposed to each other within a range of a length T from the inner surface, is in contact with the range of t from the inner surface, and has a gap in the remaining T-t range. The inner surface of one pipe and the inner surface of the other pipe become the same curved surface due to the contact between the portion and the curved surface in the pipe axis direction of the concave portion.
【0007】継手部は、配管半径方向には、突起部の外
面と凹み部の内面で接触し両配管の内面が同一面にな
り、配管軸方向には、突起部の内面よりtの範囲が接触
し、残りのT−tの範囲はスキマのある状態で、開先部
に溶着金属が肉盛りされる。溶接時の収縮によりtの範
囲の接触部は圧縮され降伏して収縮力を吸収する。この
tの値を小さくしておけば、この圧縮による残留応力の
範囲は局部的に限定され、かつ圧縮力なので亀裂が発生
することはない。これにより溶接継手は内面は同一面で
段差などなくかつスキマもない形状となる。残留応力と
しては、応力腐食割れにはむしろ望ましい圧縮応力がt
の範囲に局部的に残っているだけであり、図3〜5に示
したような接合リングや重ねリングを使用しないため配
管内面と外面の温度差は大きくならずこの温度差による
熱応力も大きくならない。また配管内面は滑らかなの
で、継手部で摩耗が多く発生することはない。In the radial direction of the pipe, the joint portion comes into contact with the outer surface of the projection and the inner surface of the concave portion so that the inner surfaces of the two pipes are flush with each other. In contact, the remaining T-t range has a clearance, and the weld metal is built up on the groove. Due to shrinkage during welding, the contact portion in the range of t is compressed and yields to absorb the shrinkage force. If the value of t is reduced, the range of the residual stress due to the compression is locally limited, and cracks do not occur because of the compressive force. As a result, the welded joint has the same inner surface with no steps and no gap. As the residual stress, the compressive stress which is rather desirable for stress corrosion cracking is t.
And the temperature difference between the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe does not increase because the joining ring or the overlapping ring as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 is not used, and the thermal stress due to this temperature difference also increases. No. Further, since the inner surface of the pipe is smooth, a large amount of wear does not occur at the joint.
【0008】請求項2の発明では、前記Tは3mm程度
とし、前記tは0.2〜0.4mmである。[0008] In the invention of claim 2, the T is about 3 mm, and the t is 0.2 to 0.4 mm.
【0009】tを0.2〜0.4mmとすることによ
り、溶接収縮により圧縮降伏して収縮を吸収し易くする
とともに、圧縮応力の発生する範囲を限定することがで
きる。また、突起部と凹み部の形状はこれを合わせるこ
とにより開先形状を決定し、継手内面を同一面にする働
きがあるので、これらの形状を表すTの大きさを適切な
寸法とする必要があり、3mm程度が望ましい。By setting t to 0.2 to 0.4 mm, it is possible to easily compress and yield due to welding shrinkage and absorb shrinkage, and to limit the range in which compressive stress is generated. In addition, the shape of the protrusion and the recessed portion is determined by matching the shape of the groove to determine the groove shape, and the inner surface of the joint has the function of making the same surface. Therefore, it is necessary to set the size of T representing these shapes to an appropriate size. And it is desirable that the distance be about 3 mm.
【0010】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施形態について
図面を参照して説明する。図1は本実施形態の配管溶接
継手を示す縦断面図である。配管溶接継手は一方の配管
1の端部と、他方の配管2の端部を突き合わせることに
より形成され、開先部10に溶着金属5を肉盛りするこ
とにより完成する。一方の配管1の内面側先端には、縦
断面で先端が四角状の突起部7が設けられている。突起
部7は突起部外面7aと突起部内面7bと突起部前面7
cを有する中空円筒状をなしている。他方の配管2の内
面側先端には凹み部8が設けられており、凹み部8は凹
み部内面8aと、凹み部接触面8b、凹み部スキマ部8
cよりなり、突起部外面7aと凹み部内面8aが接触
し、突起部前面7cと凹み部接触面8bが接触して嵌合
するように構成され、これにより両配管1,2の内面は
同一曲面となる。配管内面より凹み部内面8aまでの長
さをTとし、配管内面より凹み部接触面8bの外端まで
をtとする。Tは3mm程度、tは0.2〜0.4mm
程度とする。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a pipe welded joint of the present embodiment. The pipe welding joint is formed by abutting the end of one pipe 1 and the end of the other pipe 2, and is completed by overlaying the weld metal 5 on the groove 10. At the inner end of one of the pipes 1 is provided a projection 7 having a vertical section and a square end. The protrusion 7 has a protrusion outer surface 7a, a protrusion inner surface 7b, and a protrusion front 7.
It has a hollow cylindrical shape having c. A recess 8 is provided at the inner surface side end of the other pipe 2, and the recess 8 includes a recess inner surface 8 a, a recess contact surface 8 b, and a recess clearance 8.
c, the projection outer surface 7a and the depression inner surface 8a are in contact with each other, and the projection front surface 7c and the depression contact surface 8b are in contact with each other and are fitted to each other. It becomes a curved surface. The length from the inner surface of the pipe to the inner surface 8a of the recess is T, and the length from the inner surface of the pipe to the outer end of the contact surface 8b of the recess is t. T is about 3 mm, t is 0.2 to 0.4 mm
Degree.
【0011】一方の配管1の突起部7の外側形状と、他
方の配管2の凹み部8の外側形状は、突起部7を凹み部
8に嵌合すると開先部10を形成し、突起部前面7cと
凹み部接触面8bを接触させるとスキマ9を形成する形
状となっている。開先形状を決める各配管1,2の端部
の傾斜は図に示すように半径方向に対して30°となっ
ており、寸法Lは配管の板厚にもよるが、3mm程度が
望ましい。なお開先部10の周囲の破線は溶着金属5が
母材の配管1,2に溶け込む範囲を示している。The outer shape of the protrusion 7 of the one pipe 1 and the outer shape of the recess 8 of the other pipe 2 form a groove 10 when the protrusion 7 is fitted into the recess 8. When the front surface 7c and the recess contact surface 8b are brought into contact, a gap 9 is formed. The inclination of the end of each of the pipes 1 and 2 that determines the groove shape is 30 ° with respect to the radial direction as shown in the figure, and the dimension L is preferably about 3 mm, though it depends on the thickness of the pipe. A broken line around the groove 10 indicates a range in which the weld metal 5 can be melted into the pipes 1 and 2 of the base material.
【0012】次にこの配管継手の溶接について説明す
る。他方の配管2の凹み部8へ一方の配管1の突起部7
を嵌合させると、図1に示すように凹み部内面8aに突
起部外面7aが接触し、凹み部接触面8bに突起部前面
7cが接触する。これにより両配管1,2の内面は同一
面となり、突起部前面7cと凹み部スキマ部8cの間に
はスキマ9ができる。この状態で開先部10に溶着金属
5を肉盛りする。溶接による収縮で半径方向の溶着金属
5の収縮は開先部10の外面は自由に収縮するので、配
管1,2には何ら影響を与えないが、配管軸方向の収縮
により両配管1,2は引き付けられる。この収縮力によ
り凹み部接触面8bは突起部前面7cに押圧され、接触
面積が小さいため容易に降伏してこの圧縮力を吸収す
る。降伏してもスキマ9は確保される寸法となってい
る。容易に降伏するようにするため、tの大きさは0.
2〜0.4mmとなっている。またTの寸法は3mm程
度とし、スキマ9を確保し突起部7と凹み部8とを嵌合
し易すくしている。Next, the welding of the pipe joint will be described. The protrusion 7 of one pipe 1 is inserted into the recess 8 of the other pipe 2.
Are fitted, the projection outer surface 7a contacts the recess inner surface 8a, and the projection front surface 7c contacts the recess contact surface 8b, as shown in FIG. As a result, the inner surfaces of the two pipes 1 and 2 are flush with each other, and a gap 9 is formed between the projection front surface 7c and the recess gap portion 8c. In this state, the weld metal 5 is built up on the groove 10. The contraction of the weld metal 5 in the radial direction due to the contraction due to welding does not affect the pipes 1 and 2 at all because the outer surface of the groove 10 is freely contracted. Is attracted. Due to this contraction force, the depression contact surface 8b is pressed by the protrusion front surface 7c, and since it has a small contact area, it easily yields and absorbs this compression force. The gap 9 has such a size that the gap 9 is ensured even if it surrenders. In order to make it easy to yield, the magnitude of t is set to 0.
It is 2 to 0.4 mm. The dimension of T is about 3 mm, and the gap 9 is secured so that the protrusion 7 and the recess 8 can be easily fitted.
【0013】これにより溶接が終わった状態では両配管
1,2の内面では、同一面となりかつ凹み部接触面8b
と突起部前面7cとは押付あって密着している。また圧
縮降伏による残留応力の分布範囲は凹み部接触面8bの
近傍である。この圧縮力は応力腐食割れを起し難くする
働きを有する。When the welding is completed, the inner surfaces of the two pipes 1 and 2 are flush with each other and the recess contact surface 8b
And the front surface 7c of the projection are pressed against each other and are in close contact with each other. The distribution range of the residual stress due to the compression yield is near the recess contact surface 8b. This compressive force has the function of making stress corrosion cracking difficult to occur.
【0014】[0014]
【発明の効果】以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明
の配管溶接継手は、以下の効果を奏する 突起部と凹み部を設け両者を嵌合することにより継
手内面が同一面となり、開先合わせ作業が容易になると
ともに段差のない同一内面の継手が得られる。 配管軸方向には微小な接触面で接触し溶接収縮によ
り圧縮降伏して溶接収縮を吸収するので、残留応力は接
触面近傍に限定される。この圧縮残留応力は応力腐食割
れを防止するのに有効である。 従来の図3〜5に示すような配管外面より突出して
いる接合用のリングを使用しないので、継手位置におけ
る配管内面と外面の温度差は少くなり熱応力が少くな
り、熱応力によるクリープ損傷を少くすることができ
る。 継手の内面は同一面で段差はなくかつ間隙もなく密
着しているので、継手位置で摩耗が多くなることはな
い。 本継手は図3〜5に示すような接合用のリングを使
用しないので、コストも逓減する。As is apparent from the above description, the pipe welded joint of the present invention has the following effects. By providing a projection and a recess and fitting them together, the joint inner surface becomes the same surface, and the groove is formed. The joining operation becomes easy, and a joint having the same inner surface without a step is obtained. In the axial direction of the pipe, the contact is made at a minute contact surface, and compressive yielding occurs due to welding shrinkage to absorb the welding shrinkage, so that the residual stress is limited to the vicinity of the contact surface. This compressive residual stress is effective for preventing stress corrosion cracking. Since the joining ring projecting from the outer surface of the pipe as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 is not used, the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe at the joint position is reduced, the thermal stress is reduced, and the creep damage due to the thermal stress is reduced. Can be reduced. Since the inner surface of the joint is in close contact with the same surface with no steps and no gap, wear does not increase at the joint position. The present joint does not use a joining ring as shown in FIGS.
【図1】本発明の実施形態の溶接配管継手の構成を示す
縦断面図である。FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a welded pipe joint according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】配管の溶接として普通に用いられる裏波を出す
溶接継手を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a view showing a weld joint for producing a back seam commonly used for welding pipes.
【図3】接合リングを用いた配管溶接継手を示す図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a view showing a pipe welded joint using a joint ring.
【図4】重ねリングを用いた配管溶接継手を示す図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a view showing a pipe welded joint using a lap ring.
【図5】重ねリングを用い、段付開先を用いた配管溶接
継手を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a view showing a pipe welded joint using a stepped groove with a lap ring.
1 一方の配管 2 他方の配管 3 接合リング 4 重ねリング 5 溶着金属 6 段付部 7 突起部 7a 突起部外面 7b 突起部内面 7c 突起部前面 8 凹み部 8a 凹み部内面8a 8b 凹み部接触面 8c 凹み部スキマ部 9 スキマ 10 開先部 11 溶け込み範囲 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 One pipe 2 The other pipe 3 Joining ring 4 Overlap ring 5 Weld metal 6 Stepped part 7 Projection part 7a Projection outer surface 7b Projection inner surface 7c Projection front surface 8 Depression 8a Depression inner surface 8a 8b Depression contact surface 8c Depression gap 9 Skimmer 10 Groove 11 Penetration range
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 FI F23J 13/04 F23J 13/04 Z ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code FI F23J 13/04 F23J 13/04 Z
Claims (2)
方の配管の内面側に縦断面で先端が四角形状の突起部を
有しており、他方の配管の内面側には前記突起部と嵌合
する凹み部があり、前記突起部と前記凹み部の配管外面
側に溶接金属が肉盛りされる開先部があり、前記突起部
と前記凹み部の配管半径方向の面は内面より長さTの範
囲で互いに対向し、内面よりtの範囲で接触し残りT−
tの範囲はスキマを有しており、前記突起部と前記凹み
部の配管軸方向の曲面が接触することにより一方の配管
内面と他方の配管内面は同一曲面となることを特徴とす
る配管溶接継手。1. A butt-welding joint for a pipe, wherein one of the pipes has a projection with a rectangular cross-section on the inner surface side and a tip in a longitudinal section, and the other pipe has an inner surface fitted with the projection. There is a concave portion that fits, there is a groove portion where the weld metal is built up on the outer surface of the pipe of the protrusion and the concave portion, and the surface of the protrusion and the concave portion in the pipe radial direction is longer than the inner surface. They are opposed to each other in the range of T, and come into contact with the inner surface in the range of t, and
The range of t has a clearance, and the inner surface of one pipe and the inner surface of the other pipe become the same curved surface by the contact between the protrusion and the curved surface of the recess in the axial direction of the pipe. Fittings.
2〜0.4mmであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の
配管溶接継手。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein T is about 3 mm, and t is 0.1 mm.
The pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein the diameter is 2 to 0.4 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP25161397A JP3959794B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1997-09-17 | Pipe welded joint |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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JP25161397A JP3959794B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1997-09-17 | Pipe welded joint |
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JPH1190676A true JPH1190676A (en) | 1999-04-06 |
JP3959794B2 JP3959794B2 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
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JP25161397A Expired - Fee Related JP3959794B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1997-09-17 | Pipe welded joint |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006095561A (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Structure of pipe joint |
EP1835217A2 (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Welded piping joint structure |
CN105465493A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-06 | 广东粤新海洋工程装备股份有限公司 | Single groove butted ship pipeline and welding method thereof |
CN106825972A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-13 | 江阴中南重工有限公司 | A kind of welding method of pipe fitting |
CN108930849A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-04 | 常州市常蒸蒸发器有限公司 | A kind of refrigeration equipment copper-aluminium joint and manufacturing process |
JP2021030236A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-03-01 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Welded structure |
-
1997
- 1997-09-17 JP JP25161397A patent/JP3959794B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006095561A (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Structure of pipe joint |
EP1835217A2 (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Welded piping joint structure |
JP2007247702A (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Pipe joint structure |
US7708319B2 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2010-05-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Piping joint structure |
EP1835217A3 (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2012-05-09 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Welded piping joint structure |
CN105465493A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-06 | 广东粤新海洋工程装备股份有限公司 | Single groove butted ship pipeline and welding method thereof |
CN106825972A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-13 | 江阴中南重工有限公司 | A kind of welding method of pipe fitting |
CN108930849A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-04 | 常州市常蒸蒸发器有限公司 | A kind of refrigeration equipment copper-aluminium joint and manufacturing process |
JP2021030236A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-03-01 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Welded structure |
Also Published As
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---|---|
JP3959794B2 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
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