JPH118049A - Molten metal heating heater and assembling method thereof - Google Patents
Molten metal heating heater and assembling method thereofInfo
- Publication number
- JPH118049A JPH118049A JP17783597A JP17783597A JPH118049A JP H118049 A JPH118049 A JP H118049A JP 17783597 A JP17783597 A JP 17783597A JP 17783597 A JP17783597 A JP 17783597A JP H118049 A JPH118049 A JP H118049A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heater
- molten metal
- tube
- outer tube
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、アルミニウムなどの金
属の溶解及び溶融金属の温度保持に用いられる溶融金属
加熱ヒーター及びその組立方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a molten metal heater used for melting a metal such as aluminum and maintaining the temperature of the molten metal, and a method for assembling the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来技術】アルミニウムなどの金属の溶解保持炉、ダ
イカスト装置の手許炉などで、金属の溶解及び溶融金属
の温度保持用の加熱装置として、縦型や横型で金属中に
浸漬する形のヒーターが使われている。これらのヒータ
ーは、浸漬型ヒーターと呼ばれ、外筒管の中には熱源と
なる発熱体と、ヒーター内の温度制御をするための熱電
対が内蔵されただけのものであった。従って、外筒管内
部は空隙部が大部分をしめていた。また、ヒーターの溶
融金属と接触する外筒管には、窒化珪素質ファインセラ
ミックや炭化珪素質の耐火材が使われている。2. Description of the Related Art In a furnace for melting and holding a metal such as aluminum, a hand-held furnace for a die-casting device, etc., as a heating device for melting a metal and maintaining a temperature of a molten metal, a vertical or horizontal type heater immersed in the metal is used. It is used. These heaters are called immersion type heaters, and merely include a heating element serving as a heat source and a thermocouple for controlling the temperature inside the heater in the outer tube. Therefore, most of the space inside the outer tube was closed. In addition, a silicon nitride-based fine ceramic or a silicon carbide-based refractory material is used for the outer tube that comes into contact with the molten metal of the heater.
【０００３】以上で説明した、従来の浸漬型ヒーター
は、外筒管の中に装着した発熱体ヒーター内の温度制御
はしやすいものの、発熱体と外筒管の間に空隙があるた
めに熱伝導が悪いという問題がある。発熱体への負荷を
大きくするとヒーターの出力は大きくなるが、発熱体の
断線や劣化が起こり、発熱体の寿命が短くなる。これら
の浸漬型ヒーターがダイカスト装置の手許炉の汲み出し
口などに使用される場合、厳密なヒーター内の温度制御
が必要とされる。また、炉の構造上、ヒーターを入れる
部分が制限されるため、小型のヒーターとなり、発熱量
が不足する。また、実用新案登録番号第３００４０４３
号には、金属製の外筒管を用いて、熱源として電気加熱
式発熱体が装着された溶融金属加熱装置が示されてい
る。しかし、この場合、金属製の外筒管を用いているた
め、ヒーターショートや溶融金属中への漏電の問題があ
る。従って、加熱ヒーターと外筒管との間にセラミック
スの粉末等からなる電気的な絶縁層を設ける必要があ
り、加熱ヒーターで発生した熱を効率よく、外部に伝え
ることができない。また、ステンレスなどの金属は、溶
融金属中に浸漬すると溶損し、長期の使用に耐えない。In the conventional immersion heater described above, although the temperature inside the heating element heater mounted in the outer tube is easy to control, there is a gap between the heating element and the outer tube. There is a problem that conduction is poor. When the load on the heating element is increased, the output of the heater is increased, but the heating element is disconnected or deteriorated, and the life of the heating element is shortened. When these immersion heaters are used for the pumping port of a hand-held furnace of a die-casting apparatus, strict temperature control in the heater is required. In addition, because of the structure of the furnace, the portion into which the heater is inserted is limited, so that the heater becomes small and the amount of generated heat is insufficient. In addition, utility model registration number 3004043
No. 1 discloses a molten metal heating device equipped with an electric heating type heating element as a heat source using a metal outer tube. However, in this case, since a metal outer tube is used, there is a problem of short-circuiting of the heater and leakage of electricity into the molten metal. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an electrical insulating layer made of ceramic powder or the like between the heater and the outer tube, and the heat generated by the heater cannot be efficiently transmitted to the outside. Also, metals such as stainless steel are eroded when immersed in molten metal, and cannot withstand long-term use.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、小型
のヒーターであっても、熱伝導性を向上させることによ
り、充分な発熱量が得られ、かつヒーター内の温度制御
特性に優れた溶融金属加熱ヒーターを提供することを目
的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to improve the thermal conductivity of a small heater so that a sufficient amount of heat can be obtained and the heater has excellent temperature control characteristics. It is an object of the present invention to provide a molten metal heater.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】よって、本発明は、セラ
ミックス質外筒管内に発熱体を内蔵する溶融金属加熱ヒ
ーターにおいて、セラミックス質外筒管内部の空隙部分
に、電気絶縁性を有し、かつ、２０Ｗ／（ｍ・Ｋ）以上
の熱伝導率を有するセラミックスの粉末、粒状物または
その混合物を充填したことを特徴とする溶融金属加熱ヒ
ーターである。また、本発明は、セラミックス質外筒管
内に内蔵した発熱体が、絶縁管を間に挟んで、外側と内
側で二重のラセン状にまいてあることを特徴とする前記
溶融金属加熱ヒーターである。また、本発明は、発熱体
を内蔵した溶融金属加熱ヒーターのセラミックス質外筒
管内部の空隙部分に、セラミックスの粉末、粒状物また
はその混合物を溶媒に分散させてスラリーとしたものを
流し込み、溶媒を乾燥・揮発した後、該セラミックス質
外筒管の上部に金属管で蓋をすることを特徴とする溶融
金属加熱ヒーターの組立方法である。また、本発明は、
セラミックス質外筒管と該金属管とのつなぎ部にセラミ
ックス封止材で封止することを特徴とする前記溶融金属
加熱ヒーターの組立方法である。本発明で用いられる外
筒管の素材は、窒化珪素や炭化珪素など溶融金属に浸食
されないセラミックスが使用される。また、外筒管内に
充填されるセラミックス素材には、窒化アルミニウム、
窒化珪素、アルミナなど電気絶縁性を有し、かつ、２０
Ｗ／（ｍ・Ｋ）以上の熱伝導率を有するセラミックスが
使われる。熱伝導率が２０Ｗ／（ｍ・Ｋ）以下だと熱伝
導が不充分で、ヒーターとして充分な発熱量が得られな
い。充填物は粉末、粒状物またはその混合物でもよい。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention provides a molten metal heater in which a heating element is incorporated in a ceramic outer tube, wherein a gap portion inside the ceramic outer tube has electric insulation, A molten metal heater filled with ceramic powder, granules or a mixture thereof having a thermal conductivity of 20 W / (m · K) or more. Further, the present invention provides the molten metal heating heater, wherein the heating element incorporated in the ceramic outer tube is spread in a double spiral shape on the outside and inside with the insulating tube interposed therebetween. is there. The present invention also provides a method of dispersing ceramic powder, granules or a mixture thereof in a solvent into a slurry into a gap portion inside a ceramic outer tube of a molten metal heater incorporating a heating element, and pouring the solvent. Is dried and volatilized, and then the upper part of the ceramic outer tube is covered with a metal tube. Also, the present invention
A method for assembling the molten metal heater as described above, wherein a joint between the ceramic outer tube and the metal tube is sealed with a ceramic sealing material. As the material of the outer tube used in the present invention, ceramics such as silicon nitride and silicon carbide which are not eroded by the molten metal are used. In addition, ceramic materials filled in the outer tube include aluminum nitride,
Silicon nitride, alumina, etc. that have electrical insulation properties and
Ceramics having a thermal conductivity of W / (m · K) or more are used. When the thermal conductivity is less than 20 W / (m · K), the thermal conductivity is insufficient, and a sufficient amount of heat generated as a heater cannot be obtained. The filling may be a powder, a granulate or a mixture thereof.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は、本発明の実施の形態に係
る、溶融金属加熱ヒーターである。セラミックス質外筒
管５の中心部に熱電対保護管９が取り付けられ、熱電対
保護管９の中には熱電対６が入っている。また、熱電対
保護管９の周辺には発熱体８が絶縁管７を間に挟んで、
外側と内側で二重のラセン状にまいてある。さらに、セ
ラミックス質外筒管５の内部の発熱体８、熱電対保護管
９、絶縁管７の間の空隙部に粉末及び粒状物からなる１
種以上のセラミックス充填材１０が充填されている。ま
た、セラミックス質外筒管５と金属管２はネジ止め４で
取り付けられている。この取り付け部分からは粉末及び
粒状物からなる１種以上のセラミックス１０が金属管２
側に移動しないようにセラミックス封止材３が取り付け
られている。また、１はコード接続用具である。なお、
発熱体８の単位長さ当たりの出力を上げるため、発熱体
８は絶縁管７を間に挟んで、外側と内側で二重のラセン
状にまいてあるが、外側と内側の発熱体８が近い位置に
あり、ショート防止に絶縁管７が設置されている。FIG. 1 shows a molten metal heater according to an embodiment of the present invention. A thermocouple protection tube 9 is attached to the center of the ceramic outer tube 5, and the thermocouple 6 is contained in the thermocouple protection tube 9. A heating element 8 is provided around the thermocouple protection tube 9 with the insulating tube 7 interposed therebetween.
It is laid in a double helix on the outside and inside. Further, the space between the heating element 8, the thermocouple protection pipe 9, and the insulating pipe 7 inside the ceramic outer tube 5 is made of powder and granular material.
More than one kind of ceramic filler 10 is filled. Further, the ceramic outer tube 5 and the metal tube 2 are attached with screws 4. From this mounting part, one or more kinds of ceramics 10 composed of powder and granules are placed in a metal tube 2.
The ceramic sealing material 3 is attached so as not to move to the side. Reference numeral 1 denotes a cord connection tool. In addition,
In order to increase the output per unit length of the heating element 8, the heating element 8 is spread in a double spiral shape on the outside and inside with the insulating tube 7 interposed therebetween. It is in a close position, and an insulating tube 7 is installed to prevent short circuit.
【０００７】次に、図２は、本発明の実施の形態に係る
セラミックス質外筒管へのセラミックスの充填方法を示
したものである。セラミックス粉末をアルコール、アセ
トン、水などの溶媒に分散させてスラリーとし、そのス
ラリーを発熱体、熱電対保護管をセットした外筒管にい
れて、乾燥機中で溶媒を蒸発させる。この方法で充填す
ると、セラミックス粉末が外筒管内に緻密に充填される
ので、より熱伝導性が高くなる。その他、セラミックス
を粉末状態で振動を加えながら、外筒管内に充填しても
よい。外筒管内に充填されるセラミックスの中で、窒化
アルミニウムや窒化珪素などの非酸化物セラミックスは
大気中、高温で保持されると表面が酸化する可能性があ
る。高い熱伝導性を維持するためには、これらセラミッ
クスの酸化を防ぐことが重要であり、外筒管内に充填し
た場合には、開放端をセラミックス封止材たとえばアル
ミナ−シリカ系無機接着剤などで封止することが有効で
ある。Next, FIG. 2 shows a method for filling a ceramic outer tube with ceramics according to an embodiment of the present invention. The ceramic powder is dispersed in a solvent such as alcohol, acetone, or water to form a slurry. The slurry is placed in an outer tube in which a heating element and a thermocouple protection tube are set, and the solvent is evaporated in a dryer. When the ceramic powder is filled in this manner, the ceramic powder is densely filled in the outer tube, so that the thermal conductivity is further increased. Alternatively, the ceramic may be filled in the outer tube while applying vibration in a powder state. Among the ceramics filled in the outer tube, non-oxide ceramics such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride may oxidize the surface when held at high temperature in the atmosphere. In order to maintain high thermal conductivity, it is important to prevent oxidation of these ceramics, and when filled in an outer tube, the open end is filled with a ceramic sealing material such as an alumina-silica inorganic adhesive. It is effective to seal.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】以下、実施例、比較例に基づいて本発明を具
体的に説明する。なお、本発明はこれら実施例に限定さ
れるものではない。The present invention will be specifically described below based on examples and comparative examples. Note that the present invention is not limited to these examples.
【０００９】実施例１ 図１のように、外径φ３４ｍｍ、内径φ２８ｍｍ、長さ
５００ｍｍの窒化珪素セラミックス質外筒管の内部に発
熱体、熱電対保護管、アルミナ質の絶縁管をセットし
た。外筒管内の空隙部に、アセトン溶媒中に分散させた
窒化アルミニウム（熱伝導率１１０Ｗ／（ｍ・Ｋ））の
スラリーを流し込んだ。５０℃の乾燥機中でアセトンを
蒸発させた後、外筒管の開放端をアルミナ−シリカ系無
機接着剤で封止した。熱電対、金属管、コード接続治具
を取り付け、ヒーターの各端子を電源及び温度計測装置
に接続した。この浸漬型ヒーターを６７０℃の溶融アル
ミに浸漬させ、ヒーター内部温度を９５０℃に設定し
て、溶融アルミを加熱した。加熱時のヒーターの出力を
測定した結果を表１に示す。EXAMPLE 1 As shown in FIG. 1, a heating element, a thermocouple protection tube, and an alumina insulating tube were set inside a silicon nitride ceramic outer tube having an outer diameter of 34 mm, an inner diameter of 28 mm, and a length of 500 mm. A slurry of aluminum nitride (thermal conductivity 110 W / (m · K)) dispersed in an acetone solvent was poured into the gap in the outer tube. After evaporating the acetone in a dryer at 50 ° C., the open end of the outer tube was sealed with an alumina-silica-based inorganic adhesive. A thermocouple, a metal tube, and a cord connection jig were attached, and each terminal of the heater was connected to a power supply and a temperature measurement device. This immersion type heater was immersed in molten aluminum at 670 ° C., and the temperature inside the heater was set at 950 ° C. to heat the molten aluminum. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the output of the heater during heating.
【００１０】[0010]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１１】実施例２ 実施例１と同様の方法で、熱伝導率が２０Ｗ／（ｍ・
Ｋ）のアルミナ粉末を充填したヒーターを作製し、加熱
時のヒーターの出力を測定した結果を表１に示す。Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, the thermal conductivity was 20 W / (m ·
Table 1 shows the results of preparing a heater filled with the alumina powder of K) and measuring the output of the heater during heating.
【００１２】比較例１ 実施例１と同様の方法で、熱伝導率が１２Ｗ／（ｍ・
Ｋ）のムライト粉末を充填したヒーターを作製し、加熱
時のヒーターの出力を測定した結果を表１に示す。Comparative Example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1, the thermal conductivity was 12 W / (m
Table 1 shows the results of preparing a heater filled with the mullite powder of K) and measuring the output of the heater during heating.
【００１３】比較例２ 実施例１と同様の装置で、外筒管内の空隙部にはセラミ
ックス粉末を充填しないヒーターを作製し、実施例１と
同一条件で加熱時のヒーターの出力を測定したので、そ
の結果を表１に示す。COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 A heater was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ceramic powder was not filled in the space inside the outer tube, and the output of the heater during heating was measured under the same conditions as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
小型のヒーターであっても、熱伝導性を向上させること
により、充分な発熱量が得られ、かつヒーター内の温度
制御特性に優れた溶融金属加熱ヒーターが得られる。As described above, according to the present invention,
Even with a small heater, a sufficient heat generation can be obtained by improving the thermal conductivity, and a molten metal heater having excellent temperature control characteristics in the heater can be obtained.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図１】 本発明に関するヒーターの断面図。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a heater according to the present invention.
【図２】 本発明に関するヒーターの組み立て図。FIG. 2 is an assembly view of a heater according to the present invention.
１…コード接続治具、２…金属管、３…セラミックス封
止材、４…ネジ止め、５…セラミックス質外筒管、６…
熱電対、７…絶縁管，８…発熱体，９…熱電対保護管、
１０…セラミックス充填材、１１…スラリーの流し込み
位置。DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cord connection jig, 2 ... Metal tube, 3 ... Ceramic sealing material, 4 ... Screwing, 5 ... Ceramic outer tube, 6 ...
Thermocouple, 7: insulating tube, 8: heating element, 9: thermocouple protection tube,
10: ceramic filler, 11: pouring position of slurry.
Claims (4)
する溶融金属加熱ヒーターにおいて、セラミックス質外
筒管内部の空隙部分に、電気絶縁性を有し、かつ、２０
Ｗ／（ｍ・Ｋ）以上の熱伝導率を有するセラミックスの
粉末、粒状物またはその混合物を充填したことを特徴と
する溶融金属加熱ヒーター。1. A molten metal heater in which a heating element is built in a ceramic outer tube, wherein a gap portion inside the ceramic outer tube has an electrical insulation property, and
A molten metal heater filled with ceramic powder, granules or a mixture thereof having a thermal conductivity of W / (m · K) or more.
体が、絶縁管を間に挟んで、外側と内側で二重のラセン
状にまいてあることを特徴とする請求項１記載の溶融金
属加熱ヒーター。2. The molten metal according to claim 1, wherein the heating element incorporated in the ceramic outer tube is laid in a double helix on the outside and the inside with the insulating tube interposed therebetween. Heating heater.
のセラミックス質外筒管内部の空隙部分に、セラミック
スの粉末、粒状物またはその混合物を溶媒に分散させて
スラリーとしたものを流し込み、溶媒を乾燥・揮発した
後、該セラミックス質外筒管の上部に金属管で蓋をする
ことを特徴とする溶融金属加熱ヒーターの組立方法。3. A slurry obtained by dispersing ceramic powder, granules, or a mixture thereof in a solvent is poured into a gap portion inside a ceramic outer tube of a molten metal heater having a built-in heating element. A method for assembling a molten metal heating heater, comprising, after drying and volatilization, covering the upper part of the ceramic outer tube with a metal tube.
ぎ部にセラミックス封止材で封止することを特徴とする
請求項３記載の溶融金属加熱ヒーターの組立方法。4. The method for assembling a molten metal heater according to claim 3, wherein the joint between the ceramic outer tube and the metal tube is sealed with a ceramic sealing material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17783597A JPH118049A (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1997-06-19 | Molten metal heating heater and assembling method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17783597A JPH118049A (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1997-06-19 | Molten metal heating heater and assembling method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH118049A true JPH118049A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
Family
ID=16037955
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17783597A Pending JPH118049A (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1997-06-19 | Molten metal heating heater and assembling method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH118049A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007059061A (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-03-08 | Kanken Techno Co Ltd | Electric heater and semiconductor exhaust gas treatment device using the heater |
| WO2009127793A1 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2009-10-22 | Lethiguel | Device for heating a liquid metal bath |
| JP5371784B2 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2013-12-18 | 株式会社トウネツ | Immersion heater |
| JP2014007111A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-01-16 | Nichias Corp | Heater and heat transfer member |
| CN104080215A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-01 | 昆山特丰机电设备有限公司 | Non-ferrous metal solution heating bar |
| CN107530770A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2018-01-02 | 皮罗泰克高温工业产品有限公司 | The control pin of heating |
| JP2018202451A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-27 | 株式会社アクセル技研 | Molten metal holding furnace for die casting |
| JP2019021477A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-02-07 | 中部電力株式会社 | Control method of output of immersion heater for molten metal heating and immersion heater for molten metal heating used therefor |
| CN109732071A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-10 | 北京利尔高温材料股份有限公司 | A kind of stopper with anti-crusting heat insulation function |
| JP2019160448A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2019-09-19 | 三建産業株式会社 | Method for maintaining function of immersion heater |
| US11292897B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2022-04-05 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Thermoplastic polyolefin blends including block composites as compatibilizers |
-
1997
- 1997-06-19 JP JP17783597A patent/JPH118049A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007059061A (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-03-08 | Kanken Techno Co Ltd | Electric heater and semiconductor exhaust gas treatment device using the heater |
| JP5371784B2 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2013-12-18 | 株式会社トウネツ | Immersion heater |
| WO2009127793A1 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2009-10-22 | Lethiguel | Device for heating a liquid metal bath |
| JP2014007111A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-01-16 | Nichias Corp | Heater and heat transfer member |
| CN104080215A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-01 | 昆山特丰机电设备有限公司 | Non-ferrous metal solution heating bar |
| CN107530770A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2018-01-02 | 皮罗泰克高温工业产品有限公司 | The control pin of heating |
| US11292897B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2022-04-05 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Thermoplastic polyolefin blends including block composites as compatibilizers |
| JP2018202451A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-27 | 株式会社アクセル技研 | Molten metal holding furnace for die casting |
| JP2019021477A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-02-07 | 中部電力株式会社 | Control method of output of immersion heater for molten metal heating and immersion heater for molten metal heating used therefor |
| JP2019160448A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2019-09-19 | 三建産業株式会社 | Method for maintaining function of immersion heater |
| CN109732071A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-10 | 北京利尔高温材料股份有限公司 | A kind of stopper with anti-crusting heat insulation function |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US6160244A (en) | Susceptors | |
| US4633064A (en) | Sintered ceramic electric heater with improved thermal shock resistance | |
| JPH118049A (en) | Molten metal heating heater and assembling method thereof | |
| KR20210116638A (en) | Tobacco heating assembly and electric heating smoking device | |
| NZ334656A (en) | Immersion heating element with a thermally-conductive polymeric coating disposed over a resistance wire | |
| JPH0359558B2 (en) | ||
| CN207321567U (en) | A kind of vehicle thermoregulator ceramic heating element | |
| JP3306427B2 (en) | Sheath structure | |
| WO2017117873A1 (en) | Double-sided thick film heating element having high thermal conductivity | |
| CN105931935B (en) | A kind of high heat conductive insulating medium rapid heat-up cathode filament assembly and preparation method | |
| JPH0546674B2 (en) | ||
| JPH039890Y2 (en) | ||
| JP3050266B2 (en) | Ceramic heating element and method of manufacturing the same | |
| JPS6031002Y2 (en) | Immersion nozzle for continuous casting | |
| JPH04259781A (en) | Ceramic heater | |
| JP4053277B2 (en) | Electric furnace | |
| JPH07231121A (en) | Thermoelectric conversion element and manufacture thereof | |
| JP5473271B2 (en) | Electric heating device | |
| JP3033197U (en) | Ultra-compact electric immersion heater for heating liquid metal bath | |
| KR20220109892A (en) | Sheath heater using silicon carbide powder | |
| JP3058138U (en) | Immersion heater | |
| SU1192169A1 (en) | Induction heating installation | |
| JPS6086787A (en) | Ceramic heater | |
| US20090223947A1 (en) | Ceramic heating element, ceramic heating element with terminals, and ceramic heating tube | |
| CN205491219U (en) | Burn ceramic heating element altogether |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20040407 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Effective date: 20050128 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20050621 |