JPH1170371A - Washing and sterilizing method and apparatus - Google Patents
Washing and sterilizing method and apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1170371A JPH1170371A JP10021153A JP2115398A JPH1170371A JP H1170371 A JPH1170371 A JP H1170371A JP 10021153 A JP10021153 A JP 10021153A JP 2115398 A JP2115398 A JP 2115398A JP H1170371 A JPH1170371 A JP H1170371A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- cleaning
- water flow
- water tank
- cleaned
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、水流を利用した洗
浄と、水の電気分解によってもたらされる殺菌作用を活
用し、食材や食器、医療器具、衛生資材などの被洗浄物
の洗浄と殺菌を並行して効率よく実施できる様に工夫さ
れた洗浄・殺菌方法および装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to cleaning and sterilization of foods, dishes, medical instruments, sanitary materials, and other objects to be cleaned by utilizing washing using a water flow and sterilizing action brought about by electrolysis of water. The present invention relates to a cleaning / sterilizing method and apparatus devised so that they can be carried out efficiently in parallel.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】野菜や果実、あるいは魚介類や海藻など
の水産物等には、取り入れ状態で様々の異物が付着して
いることが多いので、調理前にはそれらの異物を洗浄除
去して清浄化する必要がある。そこで通常は、水に漬け
て揉み洗いしたり或は水道蛇口からの水流で手洗いする
方法が採用されているが、多量の食材を取り扱う業種で
は極めて大きな労力を要するばかりでなく、洗浄度にも
個人差が生じてくる。こうした洗浄作業は、食材の他、
レストランやホテル等において食器や調理器具、お絞り
などの衛生資材などを洗浄する際にも問題となってく
る。2. Description of the Related Art Vegetables, fruits, and marine products such as seafood and seaweed often have various foreign substances attached to them when they are taken in. Need to be Therefore, usually, the method of immersing in water and rubbing or hand-washing with a water flow from a tap is adopted.However, in industries dealing with a large amount of foodstuffs, not only extremely large labor is required but also the cleaning degree is Individual differences arise. Such washing work, in addition to ingredients,
This also poses a problem when washing sanitary materials such as tableware, cooking utensils, and squeezers in restaurants and hotels.
【０００３】そこで、洗浄を機械化して洗浄作業を簡略
化すると共に洗浄度の向上や安定化を図るため、シャワ
ー状の水を被洗浄物に直接噴射させて洗浄する装置、あ
るいは水中で配管材から水を食材に直接吹き付けて洗浄
する装置等が提案されているが、これらの装置では被洗
浄物を隅々まで確実に洗浄できるとは限らない。また、
被洗浄物をドラム状の籠に装入し、これを水中で回転さ
せることによって洗浄する方法も一部で実施されている
が、被洗浄物によっては回転に伴う被処理物同士の衝突
によって痛んだり変質するという問題が避けられない。Therefore, in order to simplify the cleaning operation by mechanizing the cleaning and to improve and stabilize the cleaning degree, an apparatus for directly spraying shower-like water onto the object to be cleaned for cleaning, or a pipe material in water. And the like have been proposed for cleaning by directly spraying water on foodstuffs. However, these devices cannot always reliably wash an object to be cleaned to every corner. Also,
Some washing methods are also practiced in which the object to be washed is loaded into a drum-shaped basket and rotated in water, but depending on the object to be washed, the object to be washed is hurt by collision between the objects to be rotated. The problem of inferior transformation is inevitable.
【０００４】一方、被処理物に付着していることのある
細菌による障害をなくす方法も進められており、例えば
被洗浄物を塩素や次亜塩素酸ソーダ、二酸化塩素などを
溶解した希釈水に浸漬する方法あるいは電気分解によっ
て得られるｐＨ３程度以下の酸性水に食材を浸漬する方
法等が提案されている。しかし前者の方法では、残留塩
素が人体に悪影響を及ぼす恐れがあり、また後者の方法
では、緑黄野菜等に適用すると劣化したり変色すること
があり、しかも強酸性であるため水槽や配水管などを腐
食するという問題も指摘されている。[0004] On the other hand, a method of eliminating obstacles caused by bacteria that may adhere to the object to be treated has also been advanced. For example, the object to be cleaned is diluted with diluted water in which chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, or the like is dissolved. There has been proposed a method of dipping or a method of dipping foods in acidic water having a pH of about 3 or less obtained by electrolysis. However, in the former method, residual chlorine may have an adverse effect on the human body.In the latter method, it may deteriorate or discolor when applied to green-yellow vegetables and the like. It has also been pointed out that corrosion may occur.
【０００５】また従来、例えば野菜や魚介類の如き食材
については、洗浄と殺菌を別々の作業として行なってい
るため非合理的で作業能率も悪く、洗浄と殺菌のトータ
ル作業時間の延長による食材の劣化・変色も軽視できな
い。[0005] Conventionally, for foods such as vegetables and seafood, cleaning and sterilization are performed as separate operations, so that they are irrational and work efficiency is poor.・ Discoloration cannot be neglected.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明者らは上記の様
な事情に着目し、(1) 被洗浄物の洗浄と殺菌を並行して
行なうこと、(2) 部分洗浄ではなく、被洗浄物の隅々ま
で確実に洗浄すること、(3) 被洗浄物に付着している細
菌、特に食中毒菌の撲滅を図ること、(4) 洗浄・殺菌操
作が簡単で安全性が高いこと、といった要求を全て満た
し得る様な方法および装置の開発を期して研究を進めて
きた。The present inventors have paid attention to the above-mentioned circumstances, and (1) cleaning and sterilization of an object to be cleaned have been carried out in parallel. (3) Eliminate bacteria, especially food poisoning bacteria, attached to the items to be washed, (4) Easy and safe washing and sterilization operations, etc. Research has been conducted with the aim of developing a method and apparatus that can satisfy all requirements.
【０００７】これらの目的・課題について更に詳述する
と、まず被洗浄物の洗浄と殺菌を同時に効率よく遂行す
るには、洗浄のために殺菌効率が低下したり、或は殺菌
のために洗浄効率が低下する様なことがあってならず、
また被洗浄物の汚染度に応じて十分な洗浄効果と殺菌効
果を確保でき、しかも洗浄・殺菌ののち調理するまでに
有害物の付着を起こすことがなく、また被洗浄物を痛め
たり劣化させることなく十分な洗浄度を達成しなければ
ならない。[0007] These objects and problems will be described in more detail. First, in order to simultaneously and efficiently perform cleaning and sterilization of an object to be cleaned, the sterilization efficiency is reduced due to cleaning, or the cleaning efficiency is reduced due to sterilization. Is not going to decrease,
In addition, a sufficient cleaning effect and sterilization effect can be ensured according to the degree of contamination of the object to be washed, and no harmful substances are attached to the object after washing and sterilization before cooking, and the object to be washed is damaged or deteriorated. Without having to achieve a sufficient degree of cleaning.
【０００８】殺菌については、そのメカニズムを解明す
ると共に、地域や季節によって変わる水質などを考慮し
つつ、高い殺菌効率を確保しなければならない。また、
実用規模で実施するには、１回当たりの被洗浄物の洗浄
・殺菌処理量も考慮に入れ、簡単な操作で安全に稼働で
きる様にすることが望ましい。[0008] For sterilization, it is necessary to ensure a high sterilization efficiency while elucidating the mechanism and taking into account the water quality that changes depending on the region and the season. Also,
In order to implement the method on a practical scale, it is desirable that the operation can be performed safely with a simple operation in consideration of the amount of cleaning and sterilization of an object to be cleaned per operation.
【０００９】従って本発明の目的は、上記の様な要望を
満たし、洗浄と殺菌を簡単な操作で同時並行的に効率よ
く遂行し得る様な方法と装置を提供することにある。Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus which satisfy the above-mentioned demands and which can efficiently and simultaneously perform washing and sterilization with simple operations.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決すること
のできた本発明方法の構成は、陽極と陰極を備え且つ水
流形成手段を備えた水槽内に被洗浄物を装入し、前記陽
極と陰極間に直流電流を流して水の電気分解を行ないな
がら水流を形成して被洗浄物の洗浄と殺菌を並行して行
なうところに要旨が存在する。この方法を実施する際の
水流形成手段としては、装置内に設けた羽根車により渦
流を形成して行なう方法が実用性の高い方法として例示
され、このとき、羽根車による渦流形成方向を時計方向
および反時計方向に任意ピッチで変更すれば、被洗浄物
全体に水流を万偏なく作用させることができ、洗浄・殺
菌効率を一層高めることができるので好ましい。According to the method of the present invention, which can solve the above-mentioned problems, an object to be cleaned is charged into a water tank provided with an anode and a cathode and provided with a water flow forming means. There is a gist in that a direct current is passed between the cathodes to form a water flow while performing electrolysis of water, and cleaning and sterilization of an object to be cleaned are performed in parallel. As a means for forming a water flow when performing this method, a method of forming a vortex by an impeller provided in the apparatus is exemplified as a highly practical method. At this time, the direction of vortex formation by the impeller is clockwise. In addition, it is preferable to change the pitch at an arbitrary pitch in the counterclockwise direction, since the water flow can be uniformly applied to the entire object to be cleaned, and the cleaning / sterilizing efficiency can be further improved.
【００１１】また好ましい他の水流形成手段として、洗
浄水の噴射流を利用することも有効である。It is also effective to use a jet of washing water as another preferable means for forming a water stream.
【００１２】被洗浄物は、水槽内に直接装入して洗浄と
殺菌を行なうことも可能であるが、被洗浄物を籠に入れ
て水槽内へ出し入れできる様にしておけば、被洗浄物の
装入と取出し或は取出し時の水切りが容易になると共
に、水槽内に設けられた羽根車などの水流形成手段に被
洗浄物が直接接触して破砕されたり傷付けられる様な恐
れもなくなるので好ましい。The object to be cleaned can be washed and sterilized by directly loading it into the water tank. However, if the object to be cleaned is placed in a basket so that it can be taken in and out of the water tank, the object to be cleaned can be obtained. This facilitates the loading and unloading of water, or draining during unloading, and eliminates the danger that the object to be cleaned will be crushed or damaged by direct contact with water flow forming means such as an impeller provided in the water tank. preferable.
【００１３】また本発明にかかる洗浄・殺菌装置とは、
上記洗浄・殺菌方法を実施する際に好ましく採用される
装置であって、給水手段と排水手段を備え且つ水流形成
手段を備えた水槽と、該水槽内に設けられた電気分解用
の陽極と陰極を備えているところに要旨を有している。
該装置に設けられる水流形成手段として回転数可変の羽
根車を使用すれば、被洗浄物の汚染度に応じて回転数を
変更し水流速度を調整することにより、洗浄効率を適宜
高めることができるので好ましい。また羽根車の回転方
向を、時計方向および反時計方向に任意ピッチで変更可
能に構成しておけば、同一回転速度であっても洗浄効率
は一層高められる。The washing / sterilizing apparatus according to the present invention comprises:
An apparatus preferably adopted when performing the above-mentioned cleaning / sterilization method, comprising a water tank provided with a water supply means and a drainage means and provided with a water flow forming means, and an anode and a cathode for electrolysis provided in the water tank. It has a gist where it has.
If an impeller of variable rotation speed is used as the water flow forming means provided in the apparatus, the cleaning efficiency can be appropriately increased by changing the rotation speed and adjusting the water flow speed according to the degree of contamination of the object to be cleaned. It is preferred. Further, if the rotation direction of the impeller is configured to be changeable at an arbitrary pitch in the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction, the cleaning efficiency can be further increased even at the same rotation speed.
【００１４】また、上記電気分解用の陽極と陰極間に流
される電流を、段階的もしくは無段階に変更可能に構成
しておけば、被洗浄物に付着している細菌の種類や量、
更には目標とする滅菌度合いに応じた最適の殺菌効率を
得ることが可能となる。更にこの装置においても、食材
収納籠を水槽内に装脱可能に設けておき、被洗浄物をこ
の籠に入れて水槽内へ出し入れできる様にしておけば、
被洗浄物の装入と取出し或は水切りが容易になると共
に、水槽内に設けられた羽根車などの水流形成手段に被
洗浄物が直接接触して破砕されたり傷付けられる様な恐
れもなくなるので好ましい。If the current flowing between the anode and the cathode for electrolysis can be changed stepwise or steplessly, the type and amount of bacteria adhering to the object to be cleaned,
Further, it is possible to obtain an optimum sterilization efficiency according to a target sterilization degree. Furthermore, also in this apparatus, if the foodstuff storage basket is provided detachably in the water tank, and the object to be cleaned can be put in this basket and put in and out of the water tank,
This facilitates the loading and unloading or draining of the object to be cleaned, and also eliminates the possibility that the object to be cleaned is crushed or damaged by direct contact with the water flow forming means such as an impeller provided in the water tank. preferable.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明方法は、上記の様に陽極と
陰極を備え且つ水流形成手段を備えた水槽内に被洗浄物
を装入し、該被洗浄物を水槽内の水に浸漬した状態で、
前記陽極と陰極に直流電流を流して水の電気分解を行な
いながら水流を形成して被洗浄物の洗浄と殺菌を行なう
ものであり、水槽内での水流を利用した被洗浄物の洗浄
と、該水槽内に設けた陽極と陰極に直流電流を流し電気
分解することによって生じる殺菌作用を並行的に生ぜし
め、洗浄と殺菌を効率よく進める。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the method of the present invention, an object to be cleaned is charged into a water tank provided with an anode and a cathode and provided with a water flow forming means as described above, and the object to be cleaned is immersed in water in the water tank. In the state
Washing and sterilization of the object to be washed by forming a water flow while performing electrolysis of water by passing a direct current to the anode and the cathode, washing the object to be washed using the water flow in the water tank, A sterilization effect is generated in parallel by applying a direct current to the anode and the cathode provided in the water tank to perform electrolysis, thereby efficiently performing cleaning and sterilization.
【００１６】このとき、洗浄を効率よく行なうには、水
流形成手段として羽根車を使用し、これを水槽の底部略
中央に上向きに取り付けて渦巻き状の水流を形成できる
様にし、好ましくは該羽根車を適当な周期で時計方向と
反時計方向に正・逆回転できる様に構成することが好ま
しい。この様に正・逆回転できる構成とすれば、一方方
向の回転のみで洗浄を行なう場合に比べて、被洗浄物に
対する洗浄効果を著しく高めることができるからであ
る。また他の好ましい水流形成手段として、循環式の噴
射流形成ポンプを利用し、水流を形成すると共に循環水
を被洗浄物に向けて噴射させ、被洗浄物を撹拌しながら
洗浄する方法等も好ましい方法として推奨される。At this time, in order to carry out washing efficiently, an impeller is used as a water flow forming means, and this is mounted upward at substantially the center of the bottom of the water tank so that a spiral water flow can be formed. It is preferable to configure the vehicle so that it can rotate clockwise and counterclockwise at appropriate periods in the forward and reverse directions. This is because, if the configuration is such that the rotation is possible in the normal and reverse directions, the cleaning effect on the object to be cleaned can be significantly improved as compared with the case where the cleaning is performed only by rotating in one direction. Further, as another preferable water flow forming means, a method of using a circulation type jet flow forming pump, forming a water flow and injecting circulating water toward the object to be cleaned, and washing while stirring the object to be cleaned is also preferable. Recommended as a method.
【００１７】また該水槽内に装入して洗浄・殺菌処理さ
れる被洗浄物は、該水槽内に装脱可能に配置した籠内に
装入して槽内の水に浸漬し、水流形成手段である上記羽
根車等に直接接触しない様にすることが望ましい。しか
して、この様に被洗浄物を籠内に装入して層内の水に浸
漬させれば、被洗浄物が羽根車などの水流形成手段に直
接接触して破砕されたり傷付けられることがなく、しか
も洗浄工程で被洗浄物から離脱した異物は籠の編目を通
して外部に出ていく。そして洗浄・殺菌を終えた後は、
該籠を水槽から引き上げることによって、被洗浄物から
の水切りと共に異物を簡単に分離することができる。The object to be cleaned, which is placed in the water tank and cleaned and sterilized, is placed in a basket which is removably disposed in the water tank, immersed in the water in the tank, and formed into a water flow. It is desirable not to make direct contact with the impeller or the like which is the means. However, if the object to be washed is placed in the basket and immersed in the water in the layer, the object to be washed may be crushed or damaged by directly contacting the water flow forming means such as an impeller. In addition, the foreign matter detached from the object to be cleaned in the cleaning step goes out through the stitches of the basket. And after washing and sterilization,
By pulling up the basket from the water tank, foreign matters can be easily separated together with drainage from the object to be cleaned.
【００１８】なお水流形成手段として好ましく用いられ
る羽根車は、その回転速度を任意の手段で段階的もしく
は無段階に変更可能とし、被洗浄物の種類や汚染状態に
応じて回転速度を変更し、洗浄力を任意に調整したり、
あるいは必要により洗浄の前半期と後半期で回転速度を
変更できる様にすることもできる。The impeller, which is preferably used as a water flow forming means, is capable of changing its rotation speed stepwise or steplessly by any means, and changes the rotation speed according to the type of object to be cleaned and the state of contamination. Detergency can be adjusted arbitrarily,
Alternatively, if necessary, the rotation speed can be changed between the first half and the second half of the cleaning.
【００１９】本発明では、上記水流による被洗浄物の洗
浄と同時に、水槽内に設けた陽極と陰極に直流電流を流
して水の電気分解を行ない、該電気分解による殺菌を並
行して行なう。この殺菌作用は、電気分解によって生成
するラジカル、次亜塩素酸（洗浄水として食塩水などを
用いた場合は次亜塩素酸ソーダ）、金属イオンあるいは
電池形成により発揮されるもので、次の様に考えられ
る。In the present invention, at the same time as the cleaning of the object to be cleaned by the water flow, a direct current is applied to the anode and the cathode provided in the water tank to electrolyze the water, and sterilization by the electrolysis is performed in parallel. This bactericidal action is exerted by radicals generated by electrolysis, hypochlorous acid (sodium hypochlorite when using saline or the like as washing water), metal ions or battery formation. Can be considered.
【００２０】ラジカルによる殺菌作用 ラジカルとは、強力な酸化作用を有する遊離状態の原子
や分子であり、水の電気分解によって生成する代表的な
ラジカルはヒドロキシラジカル（ＯＨ・）である。この
酸化電位（電極電位）は約２．８ｅＶであって、塩素の
有する約１．４ｅＶの約２倍であり、またこのラジカル
は、殺菌作用を発揮して安定化した後に有害な副産物や
公害原因を生じることもない。ラジカルによる殺菌作用
は、電気的に中性の遊離原子や遊離分子の反応により、
細菌の細胞壁や細胞膜の構成要素である蛋白質を分解す
ることによってもたらされるものと考えられる。後で詳
述する如く水槽内に水を満たして電極ユニットに直流電
流を流すと、陰極側では還元反応が起こり、プラスイオ
ンＣａ2+やＭｇ2+などの金属イオンが電子の授受により
電極に付着し金属となって析出し、水素ガスが発生する
が、このとき水中では、下記式に示す反応によって生じ
る水酸基イオン（ＯＨ- ）からヒドロキシラジカルが生
成する。 ４Ｈ2 Ｏ ＋ ４ｅ- → ４ＯＨ- ＋ ２Ｈ2 ↑Bactericidal action by radicals A radical is a free atom or molecule having a strong oxidizing action, and a typical radical generated by electrolysis of water is a hydroxy radical (OH.). The oxidation potential (electrode potential) is about 2.8 eV, which is about twice as high as about 1.4 eV of chlorine, and the radicals are harmful by-products and pollutants after stabilizing by exerting a bactericidal action. There is no cause. The bactericidal action by radicals is caused by the reaction of electrically neutral free atoms and free molecules.
It is thought to be caused by the degradation of proteins that are components of bacterial cell walls and cell membranes. As will be described in detail later, when a water tank is filled with water and a direct current is applied to the electrode unit, a reduction reaction occurs on the cathode side, and metal ions such as positive ions Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ are transferred to the electrodes by transfer of electrons to the electrodes. The metal adheres and precipitates as a metal, generating hydrogen gas. At this time, in water, a hydroxyl radical is generated from a hydroxyl ion (OH − ) generated by a reaction represented by the following formula. 4H 2 O + 4e - → 4OH - + 2H 2 ↑
【００２１】一方、陽極側では酸化反応が起こり、マイ
ナスイオンであるＣｌ- ，ＳＯ4 2-，ＮＯ3 2- などが増
加し、下記式に示す如く酸化されて酸素ガスが発生する
が、このとき、水中の水素イオンは増加する。 ４ＯＨ- → ２Ｈ2 Ｏ ＋ Ｏ2 ↑ ＋ ４ｅ- Meanwhile, oxidation reaction occurs on the anode side, Cl is a negative ion -, SO 4 2-, NO 3 2- , etc. increases, the oxygen gas is generated is oxidized as shown in the following formula, the Sometimes, hydrogen ions in water increase. 4OH - → 2H 2 O + O 2 ↑ + 4e -
【００２２】次亜塩素酸または次亜塩素酸ソーダによ
る殺菌 水槽内で水道水の電気分解を行なうと、水中に微量存在
するＣｌイオンが酸化されて下記の反応が起こり、 Ｃｌ- ＋ Ｈ2 Ｏ → ＣｌＯ- ＋ ２Ｈ+ ＋ ２ｅ- 生成したＣｌＯ- と２Ｈ+ の反応によって次亜塩素酸
（ＨＣｌＯ）が生成する。また陽極側で生じる塩素の不
均化分解によっても、下記の反応により次亜塩素酸が生
成する。該次亜塩素酸の酸化電位は約１．５ｅＶであっ
て、細菌の細胞を破壊させる機能を発揮する。 Ｃｌ2 ＋ Ｈ2 Ｏ → ＨＣｌＯ ＋ Ｈ+ ＋ Ｃｌ- Sterilization with hypochlorous acid or sodium hypochlorite When electrolysis of tap water is performed in a water tank, Cl ions present in a trace amount of water are oxidized and the following reaction occurs, and Cl − + H 2 O → ClO - + 2H + + 2e - generated ClO - and 2H + hypochlorous acid by reaction (HClO) is produced. Hypochlorous acid is also generated by the following reaction by disproportionation decomposition of chlorine generated on the anode side. The oxidation potential of the hypochlorous acid is about 1.5 eV, and exhibits the function of destroying bacterial cells. Cl 2 + H 2 O → HClO + H + + Cl -
【００２３】また洗浄水として食塩水を用いた場合は、
電気分解によって下記の反応が起こり、生成する次亜塩
素酸ソーダによって殺菌効果が発揮される。なお、次亜
塩素酸ソーダは食品添加物としても認められており、且
つ高い殺菌作用を有しているので極めて有効である。し
かもこの方法であれば、洗浄工程で電気分解により生成
する高活性の次亜塩素酸ソーダがその都度殺菌に活用さ
れるので、洗浄液中の次亜塩素酸ソーダ濃度が過度に上
昇することなく、比較的低濃度でも安定して優れた殺菌
効果が発揮される。 Ｃｌ2 ＋ ２ＮａＯＨ → ＮａＯＣｌ ＋ ＮａＣｌ ＋ Ｈ2 ＯWhen a saline solution is used as the washing water,
The following reaction occurs by electrolysis, and the produced sodium hypochlorite exhibits a bactericidal effect. In addition, sodium hypochlorite is recognized as a food additive and has a high bactericidal action, so that it is extremely effective. Moreover, according to this method, the highly active sodium hypochlorite generated by electrolysis in the washing step is used for sterilization each time, so that the sodium hypochlorite concentration in the washing solution does not excessively increase, Excellent sterilization effect is exhibited stably even at relatively low concentrations. Cl 2 + 2NaOH → NaOCl + NaCl + H 2 O
【００２４】金属イオンによる殺菌 殺菌に関する他の要因として水中の金属イオンが挙げら
れる。即ち水槽中で水の電気分解を行なうと、電子の授
受による金属イオンの移動が起こり、Ｍｇ2+，Ｃａ2+等
のプラスイオンは陰極に向かって移動する一方、ＮＯ3
2- やＣｌ- 等のマイナスイオンは陽極に向かって移動
する。このときに細菌の生細胞と金属イオンが出会う
と、細胞と金属イオン間で電子の移動が起こり、細胞内
の酸素と酸化還元反応が起こって細胞の活性が低下し、
やがて死に至るものと思われる。従来から銀イオン等に
期待される殺菌作用はこの理論によるものと考えられて
おり、細菌の種類によって活性を低下させる酸化還元電
位に多少の差異はあるが、一般的に＋０．５ｅＶ〜１．
０ｅＶ程度の陽極電位が必要と考えられる。Sterilization with metal ions Another factor related to sterilization is metal ions in water. That is, when water is electrolyzed in a water tank, metal ions move due to the transfer of electrons, and positive ions such as Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ move toward the cathode while NO 3 moves.
2 and Cl - negative ions such as to move towards the anode. At this time, when live bacterial cells and metal ions meet, electron transfer occurs between the cells and metal ions, oxygen and redox reactions in the cells occur, and cell activity decreases,
It is likely that he will eventually die. Conventionally, the bactericidal action expected of silver ions and the like is considered to be based on this theory, and although there is some difference in the oxidation-reduction potential that reduces the activity depending on the type of bacteria, generally, it is +0.5 eV to 1.0.
It is considered that an anode potential of about 0 eV is necessary.
【００２５】電池の形成による殺菌 細菌の生細胞が陽極と陰極の間に位置すると、電気的な
力によって細胞内で分極現象が起こるが、このとき通常
の細菌の大きさは１０μｍ以下であるため、水中の細菌
は電極表面で電気的に引っ張られ、該電気エネルギーを
長時間受けると電極と細菌の間で電解反応が進行しやが
て死に至ると考えられる。Disinfection by formation of a battery When live bacterial cells are located between the anode and the cathode, an electric force causes a polarization phenomenon in the cells. At this time, the size of the normal bacteria is less than 10 μm. It is considered that bacteria in water are electrically pulled on the surface of the electrode, and if the electric energy is received for a long time, an electrolytic reaction proceeds between the electrode and the bacteria and eventually death occurs.
【００２６】即ち、水槽内の陽極と陰極間に直流電流を
流して電気分解を行ないながら、水流による食材の洗浄
を行なうと、前記洗浄による異物の洗浄効果に加えて上
記〜で示した殺菌作用が同時並行的に進行し、比較
的短時間の処理で被洗浄物の清浄化と殺菌を効率よく遂
行することができるのである。このとき、陽極と陰極間
に流す電流を適宜変更可能にしておけば、被洗浄物の汚
染度合いに応じて上記殺菌作用の程度をコントロールす
ることができるので好ましい。That is, when a food is washed by a water flow while performing electrolysis by flowing a direct current between an anode and a cathode in the water tank, the sterilizing action shown in the above items 1 to 3 is obtained in addition to the cleaning effect of foreign substances by the above-mentioned washing. Are performed simultaneously and in parallel, and the cleaning and sterilization of the object to be cleaned can be efficiently performed in a relatively short time. At this time, it is preferable that the current flowing between the anode and the cathode can be changed as appropriate, because the degree of the sterilizing action can be controlled according to the degree of contamination of the object to be cleaned.
【００２７】次に、上記方法を実施する際に好ましく使
用される本発明の洗浄・殺菌装置について、一具体例を
示す図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。Next, the cleaning / sterilizing apparatus of the present invention, which is preferably used when performing the above method, will be described in detail with reference to the drawings showing one specific example.
【００２８】図１は、本発明にかかる洗浄・殺菌装置を
例示する全体見取り図であり、図中１は水槽、８は液
面、２３はコントロールパネル、２５は給水管、２９は
排水管を示し、付帯機器はケーシングＣ内に収納して製
品形態を整えている。FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view illustrating a cleaning / sterilizing apparatus according to the present invention, in which 1 is a water tank, 8 is a liquid surface, 23 is a control panel, 25 is a water supply pipe, and 29 is a drain pipe. The auxiliary equipment is housed in the casing C to adjust the product form.
【００２９】図２は、該装置の断面説明図、図３は平面
説明図であり、ケーシングＣ内には水槽１が取り付けら
れると共に、該水槽１の底部中央には水流形成のための
羽根車２が取り付けられ、その軸心部はプーリ３２、ベ
ルト３１を介して駆動モータ３０に連結されている。そ
して、該水槽１の底面側両側部には、陽極３と陰極４を
備えた電極ユニット５が設けられている。該電極ユニッ
ト５は、図４（Ａ）の平面図に示す如く多数のスリット
３７を開口したカバー２４で被包されており、その内部
に、図４（Ｂ）の断面図および図４（Ｃ）の一部破断見
取り図に示す如く陽極３と陰極４が内装され、リード線
３４によって電源に接続されている。図中３５は陽極ホ
ルダーである。FIG. 2 is a sectional explanatory view of the apparatus, and FIG. 3 is a plan explanatory view. A water tank 1 is mounted in a casing C, and an impeller for forming a water flow is provided at the bottom center of the water tank 1. The shaft 2 is connected to the drive motor 30 via a pulley 32 and a belt 31. An electrode unit 5 having an anode 3 and a cathode 4 is provided on both sides of the bottom surface of the water tank 1. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 4A, the electrode unit 5 is covered with a cover 24 having a large number of slits 37 opened therein. Inside the cover 24, the sectional view of FIG. The anode 3 and the cathode 4 are provided as shown in the partially cutaway view of FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 35 denotes an anode holder.
【００３０】電極の素材は特に制限されないが、陽極の
素材としては、殺菌効率に大きく寄与する塩素過電圧の
低い素材を使用することが望ましく、また陽極との電解
反応を更に促進させるため、水槽の内壁部にも陰極部材
を取り付けることは、好ましい実施形態として推奨され
る。The material of the electrode is not particularly limited, but as the material of the anode, it is desirable to use a material having a low chlorine overpotential which greatly contributes to the sterilization efficiency. In order to further promote the electrolytic reaction with the anode, it is preferable to use a water tank. Attaching the cathode member also to the inner wall is recommended as a preferred embodiment.
【００３１】羽根車２は、要は渦流を形成して水槽１内
に装入される被洗浄物に洗浄力を作用せしめ得る限りそ
の形状や構造等は一切制限されないが、好ましい具体例
としては、たとえば図５に示した様な形状構造のものが
挙げられる。即ちこの羽根車２は、回転中心方向に緩や
かに***した複数の羽根２ａ，２ａ、……を有してお
り、羽根車２の回転に伴って各羽根２ａの***方向に水
を旋回させながら持ち上げる方向の水流を形成して被洗
浄物に対する洗浄効果を高める得る様に構成され、かつ
各羽根２ａの両側部はほぼ対称形に形成し、羽根車２を
正・逆いずれの方向に回転させたときでもほぼ同様の渦
流が形成される様にしている。The shape and structure of the impeller 2 are not limited at all, as long as it can form a vortex and exert a cleaning force on the object to be cleaned which is loaded into the water tank 1. For example, one having a shape and structure as shown in FIG. That is, the impeller 2 has a plurality of blades 2a, 2a,... Gently protruding in the direction of the center of rotation, and rotates water in the protruding direction of each blade 2a as the impeller 2 rotates. It is configured to form a water flow in a lifting direction to enhance the cleaning effect on the object to be cleaned, and both sides of each blade 2a are formed substantially symmetrically, and the impeller 2 is rotated in either the forward or reverse direction. Approximately the same eddy current is formed even when
【００３２】なお、該羽根車２によって形成される渦流
とそれに伴う洗浄効果は、水槽１の容量に対する該羽根
車２のサイズ（直径Ｌや高さＨ）、***角度（θ）、隆
起形状などによって変わってくるので、これらは水槽１
の大きさや深さ、処理される被洗浄物の種類などを考慮
に入れて適宜設定すればよい。The vortex generated by the impeller 2 and the cleaning effect accompanying the vortex are based on the size (diameter L and height H) of the impeller 2 with respect to the capacity of the water tank 1, the elevation angle (θ), the elevation shape, and the like. These are different depending on the tank 1
The size may be appropriately set in consideration of the size, depth, type of the object to be cleaned, and the like.
【００３３】なお図示した装置では、羽根車２を取付用
段部２０の上面に配置し、その回転によって生じる水流
が水槽の上方部に形成され易くすると共に、該装置を停
止した時に被洗浄物から洗い落された狭雑物が該羽根車
２の部位に堆積しない様に工夫している。また、図示す
る如く該羽根車２を覆う様に防護柵６を設けておけば、
水槽１内に直接装入された被洗浄物、あるいは籠７から
抜け出した被洗浄物片が該羽根車２に直接接触して破砕
される様なこともなくなるので好ましい。In the illustrated apparatus, the impeller 2 is disposed on the upper surface of the mounting step 20 so that the water flow generated by the rotation is easily formed above the water tank, and the object to be cleaned is stopped when the apparatus is stopped. It is devised so that the contaminants washed off from the pile do not accumulate on the impeller 2. If a protective fence 6 is provided so as to cover the impeller 2 as shown in FIG.
The object to be cleaned directly loaded into the water tank 1 or the piece of the object to be washed out of the basket 7 is preferably prevented from directly contacting the impeller 2 and being crushed.
【００３４】そしてこの水槽１内に、給水管２５から給
水弁１７を経て給水口２６より水道水を供給して水を満
たし、この中に被洗浄物を装入して羽根車２の回転によ
って水流を形成しつつ、電極ユニット５に直流電流を流
して水の電気分解を行なうと、該被洗浄物の洗浄と殺菌
が同時に進行する。このとき、図示する如く水槽１内の
上方部に籠７を装脱可能に取り付けておき、この中に被
洗浄物を装入して出し入れできる様にしておけば、被洗
浄物の取扱いや水切り作業等が容易になるので好まし
い。Then, tap water is supplied into the water tank 1 from the water supply pipe 25 through the water supply valve 17 through the water supply port 26 and filled with water, and an object to be cleaned is charged therein and the impeller 2 is rotated. When a direct current is supplied to the electrode unit 5 while forming a water flow to perform electrolysis of water, cleaning and sterilization of the object to be cleaned proceed simultaneously. At this time, as shown in the figure, a basket 7 is removably mounted on the upper part of the water tank 1 so that the object to be cleaned can be inserted into and taken out of the basket 7 to handle and drain the object to be cleaned. This is preferable because the work and the like become easy.
【００３５】尚この籠７は、例えば図６に示す如く上方
開口部に蓋７ａを開閉自在に取り付け、該籠７内に被洗
浄物を装入し蓋７ａを閉めて水槽１内に入れたとき、被
洗浄物が水槽１内の水面下に確実に浸る様にしておくこ
とが望ましい。The basket 7 has, for example, a lid 7a openably and closably attached to an upper opening thereof as shown in FIG. 6, and puts an object to be cleaned into the basket 7, closes the lid 7a and puts the basket 7 into the water tank 1. At this time, it is desirable to ensure that the object to be cleaned is immersed beneath the surface of the water in the water tank 1.
【００３６】図２，３中、１８は排水弁、１９は必要に
より設けられる水位レベルセンサー、２８は排水栓、２
７はオーバーフロー管、２９は排水管、３３は排水口、
２１は制御ボックス、２２は電源ユニット、２３は操作
パネルを示している。2 and 3, reference numeral 18 denotes a drain valve, 19 denotes a water level sensor provided as required, 28 denotes a drain plug, 2
7 is an overflow pipe, 29 is a drain pipe, 33 is a drain port,
Reference numeral 21 denotes a control box, 22 denotes a power supply unit, and 23 denotes an operation panel.
【００３７】図７，８は、上記装置を作動させる際に用
いる電気制御系統図を例示するものであり、羽根車２や
給水弁１７、排水弁１８、水位センサー１９などの作動
や電極ユニット５（陽極３、陰極４）への印加電圧制
御、洗浄・殺菌時間の切替え等を全て自動的に行なえる
様にしている。またこれらの例では、いずれも水槽１の
内壁側も陰極として利用し、電解反応の促進を図ってい
る。これらのうち図７の例では、羽根車２の回転数を段
階的に切り替えできる様に構成されると共に、電極ユニ
ット５に印加される電圧や洗浄・殺菌時間も段階的に切
り替え可能に構成し、一方図８の例では、羽根車２の回
転数、電極ユニット５に印加される電圧、洗浄・殺菌時
間などをいずれも無段階で制御可能に構成しており、被
洗浄物の汚染度合い等に応じて必要十分な洗浄・殺菌性
能が最短時間で遂行できる様に制御される。FIGS. 7 and 8 exemplify an electric control system diagram used when operating the above-described apparatus. The operation of the impeller 2, the water supply valve 17, the drain valve 18, the water level sensor 19 and the like, and the operation of the electrode unit 5 are described. The control of the applied voltage to the (anode 3 and the cathode 4), the switching of the cleaning / sterilization time, and the like can all be performed automatically. In each of these examples, the inner wall side of the water tank 1 is also used as a cathode to promote the electrolytic reaction. Among these, in the example of FIG. 7, the rotation speed of the impeller 2 is configured to be switched in a stepwise manner, and the voltage applied to the electrode unit 5 and the cleaning / sterilization time are configured to be switched in a stepwise manner. On the other hand, in the example shown in FIG. 8, the number of rotations of the impeller 2, the voltage applied to the electrode unit 5, the cleaning / sterilization time, and the like can all be controlled steplessly. Is controlled so that necessary and sufficient cleaning / sterilization performance can be performed in the shortest time.
【００３８】これらの制御系統を採用する場合、被洗浄
物に応じた最適の洗浄・殺菌条件を予め求めておき、羽
根車２の回転速度や電極ユニット５への通電量、処理時
間、給水・排水などを全て自動制御することもできる
し、或は羽根車２の回転速度や電極ユニット５への通電
量、処理時間などを全て表示パネルに表示できる様に
し、実際の洗浄状況を目視観察しつつ手動で各条件を切
り替えできる様にすることも可能である。また、電解効
率や殺菌効率は処理温度によってかなり変動するので、
水槽の適所に加熱・冷却手段を付設すると共に温度計を
設置し、処理温度を一定に維持しつつ処理を行なう様に
すれば、夏季、冬季など水温や雰囲気温度が変わっても
安定した洗浄・殺菌効果を得ることができるので好まし
い。When these control systems are employed, optimal cleaning and sterilization conditions corresponding to the object to be cleaned are determined in advance, and the rotation speed of the impeller 2, the amount of electricity to the electrode unit 5, the processing time, the water supply / It is possible to automatically control all drainage, etc., or to display the rotation speed of the impeller 2, the amount of electricity to the electrode unit 5, and the processing time on the display panel, and visually observe the actual cleaning status. It is also possible to manually switch each condition. In addition, electrolysis efficiency and sterilization efficiency vary considerably depending on the processing temperature,
By installing heating and cooling means in appropriate places in the water tank and installing a thermometer so that the processing is performed while maintaining the processing temperature constant, stable washing and cleaning can be performed even if the water temperature or ambient temperature changes in summer or winter. It is preferable because a bactericidal effect can be obtained.
【００３９】図９〜１２は、本発明に係る洗浄・殺菌装
置の他の実施例を示すもので、循環ポンプによって洗浄
水を水槽内へ噴射させることにより水流を形成しなが
ら、水槽１内の下方部に設けた電極ユニット５で電気分
解を行ない、洗浄と殺菌を並行して行なう方式を採用し
ている。FIGS. 9 to 12 show another embodiment of the cleaning / sterilizing apparatus according to the present invention, in which the cleaning water is injected into the water tank by a circulating pump to form a water flow while the water in the water tank 1 is formed. Electrolysis is performed by an electrode unit 5 provided in a lower part, and a method of performing washing and sterilization in parallel is adopted.
【００４０】即ち図９，１１（いずれも平面図）および
図１０，１２（いずれも概略横断面図）では、循環ポン
プＰを用いて洗浄水を給水管４０，水槽１，吸水管４１
の間で循環させる構成とされており、給水管４０は、水
槽１の内壁面に設けた噴射ノズル部材４２に接続し、該
噴射ノズル部材４２から洗浄水を噴射すると共に、該水
槽１の適所に設けた吸水部材４３から吸水管４１方向へ
逐次吸水することによって循環水流を形成する。そして
水槽１の下方部には、図４等に示したのと同様の陽極３
と陰極板４を備えた電解ユニットを配設して電気分解が
行なわれる様に構成すると共に、該電解ユニット配設位
置の上方には網棚４４（図９，１１ではその一部を示し
ている）を設け、被洗浄物が電極ユニットに接触しない
様に構成されている。That is, in FIGS. 9 and 11 (all are plan views) and FIGS. 10 and 12 (all are schematic cross-sectional views), the circulating pump P is used to supply the washing water to the water supply pipe 40, the water tank 1, and the water absorption pipe 41.
The water supply pipe 40 is connected to an injection nozzle member 42 provided on the inner wall surface of the water tank 1, and the cleaning water is injected from the injection nozzle member 42. The circulating water flow is formed by successively absorbing water from the water absorbing member 43 provided in the above to the water absorbing pipe 41. An anode 3 similar to that shown in FIG.
And an electrolysis unit provided with a cathode plate 4 so as to perform electrolysis, and a net shelf 44 (a part of which is shown in FIGS. 9 and 11) above the electrolysis unit installation position. ) Is provided so that the object to be cleaned does not contact the electrode unit.
【００４１】なお図９，１０では、噴射ノズル部材４２
として、放射方向に多数の噴射孔を設けた拡散噴射型の
ものを採用し、これを水槽１の底部および両側壁に夫々
２個づつ設けた例を示しており、また図１１，１２の例
では、両端の封鎖されたパイプの側壁に多数の噴射孔を
設けた一方噴射型のものを採用し、これを水槽１の底部
および両側壁に夫々１個づつ設けた例を示しているが、
これらノズル部材４２の構造や取付数、取付位置、噴射
孔の数などには特に制限がなく、水槽１の大きさや形状
等に応じて任意に変更可能である。9 and 10, the injection nozzle member 42
As an example, there is shown an example in which a diffusion injection type having a large number of injection holes in the radial direction is adopted, and two such injection holes are provided on the bottom portion and on both side walls of the water tank 1, respectively. In the above, an example is shown in which a single injection type in which a large number of injection holes are provided on the side walls of a pipe closed at both ends is adopted, and one is provided on each of the bottom portion and both side walls of the water tank 1, respectively.
There is no particular limitation on the structure, the number of attachments, the attachment positions, the number of injection holes, and the like of these nozzle members 42, and they can be arbitrarily changed according to the size and shape of the water tank 1.
【００４２】この様な洗浄・殺菌装置を使用する際に、
例えば吸水管４１の途中にフィルターを設けておき、洗
浄・殺菌によって生じた狭雑物を逐次除去できる様に
し、また該フィルターを着脱可能なカッセットタイプと
して適宜取り替え可能にすることは、好ましい実施形態
として推奨される。When using such a washing / sterilizing apparatus,
For example, it is preferable to provide a filter in the middle of the water absorption pipe 41 so that contaminants generated by washing and sterilization can be sequentially removed, and that the filter can be appropriately replaced as a detachable cassette type. Recommended as a form.
【００４３】図１３は、上記図９〜１２に示した装置を
作動させる際に用いる電気制御系統図を例示するもので
あり、循環ポンプＰの作動や電極ユニット５（陽極３、
陰極４）への印加電圧制御、洗浄・殺菌時間の切替え等
を全て自動的に行なえる様にしている。またこれらの例
でも、水槽１の内壁側も陰極として利用し、電解反応の
促進を図っており、更に、非洗浄物の汚染状態に応じて
洗浄・殺菌時間を適宜切り替えできる様にすると共に、
電気分解の為の通電電流や洗浄・殺菌の為の残り時間な
ども操作・表示ボックスに表示可能にし、洗浄・殺菌状
況を容易に確認できる様にしている。FIG. 13 exemplifies an electric control system diagram used when operating the apparatus shown in FIGS. 9 to 12, and shows the operation of the circulation pump P and the operation of the electrode unit 5 (the anode 3 and the anode 3).
The control of the voltage applied to the cathode 4), the switching of the cleaning / sterilization time, and the like can all be performed automatically. Also in these examples, the inner wall side of the water tank 1 is also used as a cathode to promote the electrolytic reaction, and further, the cleaning / sterilization time can be appropriately switched according to the contamination state of the non-cleaning object.
The electric current for electrolysis and the remaining time for cleaning and sterilization can be displayed on the operation / display box so that the cleaning / sterilization status can be easily checked.
【００４４】もっとも、図１〜６，８〜１２に示した様
な装置や付帯機器の具体的構成、あるいは図７，８，１
３に示した様な制御系統は、本発明の代表的な実施例を
示しただけのものであって、本発明はもとより図示例に
よって制限を受けるものではなく、前後記の趣旨に適合
し得る範囲で適当に設計を変更し、あるいは所望に応じ
て付帯設備を取り付けて実用化することも勿論可能であ
る。It should be noted that the specific configuration of the apparatus and the auxiliary equipment as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, 8 to 12, or FIGS.
The control system as shown in FIG. 3 merely shows a typical embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the illustrated examples, and can be adapted to the spirit of the preceding and following examples. Of course, it is also possible to change the design appropriately within the range, or to attach ancillary equipment as needed and put it to practical use.
【００４５】次に、本発明を実施する際に配慮される好
ましい実施形態について説明を加える。Next, a description will be given of a preferred embodiment to be considered when implementing the present invention.
【００４６】電極ユニットの構成素材については、殺菌
に最も有効な塩素過電圧を抑えて殺菌効率を高めるた
め、チタン材に白金めっきを施した通常の電解用電極よ
りもフェライト系の電極を使用することが望ましい。す
なわち、フェライト系電極は白金めっきチタン材よりも
塩素過電圧がかなり低く、同一通電量で比較したときの
殺菌効率を比較するとフェライト系電極を用いた場合の
方が２倍以上に高まり、また同一表面積で同等の殺菌効
率を得るための電流値を２０％程度に低減できる。また
本発明者らが確認したところによると、チタン材に白金
メッキを施し、これに更にイリジウムメッキを施した電
極を使用すると、フェライト系電極を用いた場合と同等
の殺菌効果が得られることを確認している。As for the constituent material of the electrode unit, in order to suppress the chlorine overvoltage which is most effective for sterilization and to increase the sterilization efficiency, a ferrite-based electrode should be used rather than a normal electrolytic electrode in which titanium is plated with platinum. Is desirable. In other words, the ferrite-based electrode has a much lower chlorine overvoltage than the platinum-plated titanium material, and when compared with the sterilization efficiency when compared with the same amount of electricity, the ferrite-based electrode has more than doubled the sterilization efficiency and the same surface area. The current value for obtaining the same sterilization efficiency can be reduced to about 20%. Also, the present inventors have confirmed that when a titanium material is plated with platinum and an electrode further subjected to iridium plating is used, a sterilizing effect equivalent to the case of using a ferrite-based electrode can be obtained. I have confirmed.
【００４７】また電気分解による殺菌効率には、電極の
電流密度が最も影響を及ぼすので、電極の単位面積当た
りの通電電流は大きくし、且つ比表面積の大きい電極を
使用するのがよく、また前述した如く水槽１の内壁の一
部を陰極として利用して電極面積の向上を図ることも極
めて有効となる。Since the current density of the electrode has the greatest influence on the sterilization efficiency by electrolysis, it is preferable to increase the current flowing per unit area of the electrode and use an electrode having a large specific surface area. As described above, it is extremely effective to use a part of the inner wall of the water tank 1 as a cathode to increase the electrode area.
【００４８】洗浄水の水質については、電導度を高めて
電解効率を高めると共に、金属イオンの生成に伴う殺菌
効果の向上を増進するため、ＣａやＭｇ等のミネラル成
分を含む水を使用することが望ましく、場合によっては
食塩などを洗浄水中に少量添加して溶解し、導電性を高
めることによって電解効率の向上を図ることも有効であ
る。Regarding the water quality of the washing water, water containing mineral components such as Ca and Mg should be used in order to improve the electrolysis efficiency by increasing the electric conductivity and to enhance the sterilization effect accompanying the generation of metal ions. In some cases, it is also effective to improve the electrolysis efficiency by adding a small amount of salt or the like to the washing water and dissolving the same to increase the conductivity.
【００４９】電気分解のための通電量は、求められる被
洗浄物の種類や細菌の種類、目標殺菌レベルなどによっ
ても変わってくるので一律に定めることはできないが、
本発明では水槽内の電極ユニットに直接通電して電気分
解を行なうものであり、通電量を多くし過ぎると感電の
問題を起こす恐れが生じてくるので、通常は電圧で４５
Ｖ程度以下に抑えるのがよい。また電極に直接手を触れ
ると、電解時に感電事故を起こす恐れがあるので、電極
は絶縁材によってカバーしておくべきであり、また電極
配設部位は漏電防止のためアースしておくことが望まれ
る。更に場合によっては、異物として金属片などが混入
して陽極と陰極を短絡するといったことも想定されるの
で、実際の設備の設計に当たっては、安全を期してヒュ
ーズや過電流保護回路などを設けておくことが望まし
い。The amount of electricity to be supplied for the electrolysis cannot be determined uniformly because it varies depending on the kind of the object to be washed, the kind of bacteria, the target sterilization level, and the like.
In the present invention, the electrolysis is performed by directly energizing the electrode unit in the water tank. If the energization amount is too large, there is a risk of causing an electric shock problem.
It is better to keep it to about V or less. In addition, direct contact with the electrode may cause an electric shock during electrolysis.Therefore, the electrode should be covered with an insulating material, and it is desirable that the electrode installation site be grounded to prevent leakage. It is. Furthermore, depending on the case, it is conceivable that a metal piece or the like may be mixed in as a foreign substance, causing a short circuit between the anode and the cathode.Therefore, when designing the actual equipment, install a fuse or overcurrent protection circuit for safety. It is desirable to keep.
【００５０】本発明の洗浄・殺菌方法や装置に適用され
る被洗浄物の種類は特に制限されないが、洗浄と殺菌の
並行実施という本発明の技術的特徴をより効果的に発揮
させる上では、たとえば葉菜、根菜、果菜、茎菜などの
野菜類や果実、魚介類や海藻などの海産物等の食材、あ
るいは食器や調理器具等が例示され、更にはホテルやレ
ストラン等で用いられるお絞りなどの衛生資材の洗浄・
殺菌、あるいは病院等で用いられる医療器具、手術用ガ
ウンや覆布、患者用の被服などの洗浄・殺菌などに幅広
く活用することができる。The type of the object to be cleaned which is applied to the cleaning / sterilizing method and apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, vegetables and fruits such as leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruits and vegetables, stem vegetables and the like, ingredients such as marine products such as seafood and seaweed, or tableware and cooking utensils, etc. Cleaning and sanitary materials
It can be widely used for sterilization, cleaning and sterilization of medical instruments used in hospitals, surgical gowns and coverings, and clothing for patients.
【００５１】次に、実際の洗浄・殺菌実験例を、食材の
洗浄・殺菌に適用した場合の例を挙げて本発明の効果を
立証する。Next, the effects of the present invention will be proved by giving examples in which actual cleaning / sterilization experiments are applied to cleaning / sterilization of foodstuffs.
【００５２】実施例 図１〜６に示した様な洗浄・殺菌装置（水槽サイズ：縦
４２ｃｍ×横４２ｃｍ×深さ２５ｃｍ、内容量４４リッ
トル）内に、大腸菌ＮＩＨＪ株を１．２×１０ 7 ｃｆｕ
／ｍｌ（１ｃｃ中に１２００万個）接種した水道水３０
リットルを入れ、レタス２００ｇを籠に入れて該水槽内
に浸漬した後、羽根車を３００回転／分の速度で１０秒
毎に交互に正・逆回転させながら、電極ユニットに１．
５Ａの電流を流して洗浄と殺菌を行ない、１０分処理後
および２０分処理後の大腸菌残存個数を平板希釈法によ
って調べた。EXAMPLE A washing / sterilizing apparatus as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 (water tank size: vertical)
42cm x 42cm x 25cm in depth, content 44 lit
E. coli NIHJ strain in 1.2 × 10 7 cfu
Tap water 30 inoculated / ml (12 million per cc)
Liter and 200g lettuce in a basket
After immersion in the impeller, rotate the impeller at a speed of 300 rpm for 10 seconds.
While rotating the electrode unit forward and backward alternately every time, 1.
Wash and sterilize by applying 5A current and after 10 minutes treatment
And the remaining number of Escherichia coli after the treatment for 20 minutes was determined by the plate dilution method.
I checked.
【００５３】結果は下記の通りであり、約１０分間の処
理で大腸菌の殆んどを殺菌できることが確認された。 １０分後： 6.0×100 cfu/ml(1cc中に６個）（殺菌力：
99.99995% ） ２０分後： 5.0×100 cfu/ml(1cc中に５個）（殺菌力：
99.99996% ）The results are as follows, and it was confirmed that most of the Escherichia coli could be sterilized by the treatment for about 10 minutes. After 10 minutes: 6.0 × 10 (6 pieces in 1cc) 0 cfu / ml (bactericidal activity:
99.99995%) After 20 minutes: 5.0 × 10 0 cfu / ml (5 per 1 cc) (bactericidal activity:
99.99996%)
【００５４】また上記と同じ装置に、２ｇのＮａＣｌを
溶解し腸炎ビブリオＷｉｌｄ株４．５×１０5 （１ｃｃ
中に４５万個）を接種した水道水３０リットルを入れ、
鰺２６０ｇを籠に入れて該水槽内に浸漬した後、羽根車
を３００回転／分の速度で１０秒毎に交互に正・逆回転
させながら、電極ユニットに３．５Ａの電流を流して洗
浄と殺菌を行ない、１０分処理後および２０分処理後の
大腸菌残存個数を平板希釈法によって調べた。In the same apparatus as above, 2 g of NaCl was dissolved and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Wild strain 4.5 × 10 5 (1 cc)
30 liters of tap water inoculated with 450,000)
After dipping 260 g of porridge in a basket and immersing it in the water tank, a current of 3.5 A is passed through the electrode unit for washing while rotating the impeller alternately forward and backward every 10 seconds at a speed of 300 rpm. And the number of remaining Escherichia coli after the treatment for 10 minutes and 20 minutes was examined by a plate dilution method.
【００５５】その結果、１０分後および２０分後のいず
れの場合も、残存菌数は 0×100 cfu/mlであり、１００
％の殺菌効果が発揮されるこが確認された。As a result, in each of the cases after 10 minutes and 20 minutes, the number of remaining bacteria was 0 × 10 0 cfu / ml.
% Bactericidal effect was confirmed.
【００５６】[0056]
【発明の効果】本発明は以上の様に構成されており、陽
極と陰極を備え且つ水流形成手段を備えた水槽内に食材
を装入し、前記陽極と陰極間に直流電流を流して水の電
気分解を行ないながら水流を形成することによって、食
材や食器等の如き被洗浄物の洗浄と殺菌を効率よく遂行
することができる。特に水流形成手段として羽根車を用
いて渦流を形成し、且つ該渦流形成方向を時計方向およ
び反時計方向に任意ピッチで変えてやれば、被処理物全
体に水流を万偏なく作用させることができ、洗浄・殺菌
効率を一層高めることができるので好ましい。また、上
記水槽内に籠を装脱可能に配置しておき、この籠に被洗
浄物を装入して浸漬させる様にすれば、水流形成手段と
の直接接触による被処理物の破砕や損傷が回避されるば
かりでなく、被処理物の取扱いや水切り等も容易とな
り、作業性を高めることができる。The present invention is constituted as described above. Food is charged into a water tank provided with an anode and a cathode and provided with a water flow forming means, and a direct current is supplied between the anode and the cathode to supply water. By forming a water flow while performing the electrolysis of the above, it is possible to efficiently perform cleaning and sterilization of an object to be cleaned such as foodstuffs and tableware. In particular, if a vortex is formed using an impeller as a water flow forming means, and the vortex forming direction is changed at an arbitrary pitch in a clockwise direction and a counterclockwise direction, the water flow can be uniformly applied to the entire workpiece. This is preferable since the washing / sterilization efficiency can be further enhanced. Further, if a basket is removably arranged in the above-mentioned water tank, and the object to be cleaned is inserted into the basket and immersed, the crush or damage of the object due to direct contact with the water flow forming means. Not only can be avoided, but also the handling of the object to be treated and draining can be facilitated, and the workability can be improved.
【００５７】また本発明の洗浄・殺菌装置は、基本的に
水槽と水流形成手段および電極ユニットを備えておれば
よく、設備的に簡単な構成であって、被洗浄物の取扱量
に応じたサイズの設計も簡単であり、また水流形成手段
の作動源や電極ユニット等への通電などを含めて全自動
化することも容易であり、短時間で被洗浄物の洗浄と殺
菌を効率よく実施することができる。Further, the cleaning / sterilizing apparatus of the present invention basically has only to include a water tank, a water flow forming means and an electrode unit. The size design is simple, and it is easy to fully automate the operation including energization of the operation source of the water flow forming means and the electrode unit, etc., and efficiently clean and sterilize the object to be cleaned in a short time. be able to.
【図１】本発明にかかる洗浄・殺菌装置を例示する全体
見取り図である。FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view illustrating a cleaning / sterilizing apparatus according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明にかかる洗浄・殺菌装置を例示する縦断
面説明図である。FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional explanatory view illustrating a cleaning / sterilizing apparatus according to the present invention.
【図３】本発明にかかる洗浄・殺菌装置を例示する平面
説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory plan view illustrating a cleaning / sterilizing apparatus according to the present invention.
【図４】本発明で用いられる電極ユニットを例示する説
明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory view illustrating an electrode unit used in the present invention.
【図５】本発明で用いられる羽根車の好ましい構造を例
示する説明図である。FIG. 5 is an explanatory view illustrating a preferred structure of an impeller used in the present invention.
【図６】本発明で好ましく用いられる籠を例示する見取
り図である。FIG. 6 is a sketch illustrating a basket preferably used in the present invention.
【図７】本発明の洗浄・殺菌装置を作動させる際の制御
系統図の一例である。FIG. 7 is an example of a control system diagram when operating the cleaning / sterilizing apparatus of the present invention.
【図８】本発明の洗浄・殺菌装置を作動させる際の他の
制御系統図である。FIG. 8 is another control system diagram when operating the cleaning / sterilizing apparatus of the present invention.
【図９】本発明にかかる他の洗浄・殺菌装置を例示する
平面説明図である。FIG. 9 is an explanatory plan view illustrating another cleaning / sterilizing apparatus according to the present invention.
【図１０】図９に示した洗浄・殺菌装置の概略横断面図
である。10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cleaning / sterilizing apparatus shown in FIG.
【図１１】本発明で用いられる更に他の洗浄・殺菌装置
を例示する平面説明図である。FIG. 11 is an explanatory plan view illustrating still another cleaning / sterilizing apparatus used in the present invention.
【図１２】図１１に示した洗浄・殺菌装置の概略横断面
図である。12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cleaning / sterilizing apparatus shown in FIG.
【図１３】図９〜１２に示した洗浄・殺菌装置を作動さ
せる際の制御系統図である。FIG. 13 is a control system diagram when operating the cleaning / sterilizing apparatus shown in FIGS.
１８ 排水弁 １９ レベルセンサー ２１ 制御ボックス ２２ 電極ユニット ２３ 操作パネル ２５ 給水管 ２６ 給水口 ２７ オーバーフロー管 ２８ 排水栓 ２９ 排水管 ３０ モータ ３１ ベルト ３２ プーリ Ｐ 循環ポンプ ４０ 給水管 ４１ 吸水管 ４２ 噴射ノズル部材 ４３ 吸水部材 ４４ 網棚 Reference Signs List 18 drain valve 19 level sensor 21 control box 22 electrode unit 23 operation panel 25 water supply pipe 26 water supply port 27 overflow pipe 28 drain plug 29 drain pipe 30 motor 31 belt 32 pulley P circulation pump 40 water supply pipe 41 water absorption pipe 42 injection nozzle member 43 Water absorbing member 44 Net shelf
フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 ＦＩ Ｂ０８Ｂ 3/02 Ｂ０８Ｂ 3/02 Ａ 3/04 3/04 Ｚ Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code FI B08B 3/02 B08B 3/02 A 3/04 3/04 Z
Claims (11)
えた水槽内に被洗浄物を装入し、前記陽極と陰極間に直
流電流を流して水の電気分解を行ないながら水流を形成
して被洗浄物の洗浄と殺菌を行なうことを特徴とする洗
浄・殺菌方法。An object to be cleaned is loaded into a water tank having an anode and a cathode and having a water flow forming means, and a direct current is passed between the anode and the cathode to form a water flow while performing electrolysis of water. Cleaning and sterilization method for cleaning and sterilizing an object to be cleaned.
なう請求項１に記載の洗浄・殺菌方法。2. The cleaning / sterilizing method according to claim 1, wherein the vortex is formed by a water flow forming means.
計方向および反時計方向に任意ピッチで変更しつつ行な
う請求項１または２に記載の洗浄・殺菌方法。3. The cleaning / sterilizing method according to claim 1, wherein the vortex forming direction is changed clockwise and counterclockwise at an arbitrary pitch by the water flow forming means.
れた籠内に装入して浸漬させることにより、前記水流形
成手段との直接接触を防止する請求項１〜３のいずれか
に記載の洗浄・殺菌方法。4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the object to be cleaned is placed in a basket that is detachably disposed in a water tank and immersed in the basket to prevent direct contact with the water flow forming means. The cleaning / sterilizing method described in Crab.
用する請求項１に記載の洗浄・殺菌方法。5. The cleaning / sterilizing method according to claim 1, wherein a jet of cleaning water is used as the water flow forming means.
手段を備えた水槽と、該水槽内に設けられた電気分解用
の陽極と陰極を備えていることを特徴とする洗浄・殺菌
装置。6. A cleaning / sterilizing apparatus comprising: a water tank provided with a water supply means and a drain means; and a water flow forming means, and an anode and a cathode for electrolysis provided in the water tank.
る請求項６に記載の洗浄・殺菌装置。7. The cleaning / sterilizing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the water flow forming means is an impeller whose rotation speed is variable.
時計方向に任意ピッチで変更可能に構成されている請求
項７に記載の洗浄・殺菌装置。8. The cleaning / sterilizing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the impeller is configured to be able to change the rotation direction clockwise and counterclockwise at an arbitrary pitch.
た洗浄水噴射ノズルである請求項６に記載の洗浄・殺菌
装置。9. The cleaning / sterilizing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the water flow forming means is a cleaning water injection nozzle provided on the inner wall surface side of the water tank.
電流を、段階的もしくは無段階に変更可能に構成されて
いる請求項６〜９のいずれかに記載の洗浄・殺菌装置。10. The cleaning / sterilizing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the current flowing between the anode and the cathode for electrolysis can be changed stepwise or steplessly.
能に設けられている請求項６〜１０のいずれかに記載の
洗浄・殺菌装置。11. The cleaning / sterilizing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a basket for storing an object to be cleaned is detachably provided in the water tank.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10021153A JPH1170371A (en) | 1997-06-27 | 1998-02-02 | Washing and sterilizing method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17252097 | 1997-06-27 | ||
| JP9-172520 | 1997-06-27 | ||
| JP10021153A JPH1170371A (en) | 1997-06-27 | 1998-02-02 | Washing and sterilizing method and apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1170371A true JPH1170371A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
Family
ID=26358183
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10021153A Withdrawn JPH1170371A (en) | 1997-06-27 | 1998-02-02 | Washing and sterilizing method and apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH1170371A (en) |
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