JPH11661A

JPH11661A - Seawater desalination apparatus

Info

Publication number: JPH11661A
Application number: JP9190373A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Takashi Yamaguchi; 敬山口
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1997-06-11
Filing date: 1997-06-11
Publication date: 1999-01-06

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an apparatus for producing plain water from seawater stably without pollution, which does not require supply of energy from heat source, electric power and the like, thus realizing resource saving, as a method for desalination of seawater. SOLUTION: A desalination tank has a double-walled circular cylindrical construction and a semi-spherical top plate is closely attached and an inner part constitutes a main tank 1 and an outer part constitutes a sub-tank 1 and the two tanks are bonded together at upper part. In an interior of the main tank 1 a support frame 3 consisting of a synthetic resin material, an anode plate 4 consisting of a multiply-perforated plate, a gravel layer 5, a fiber layer 6, a carbon layer 7, a cathode electrode plate 8 are layered in sequence through isolation plates 9 so as to form a filtering dialysis system, which is constituted in a horizontally layered state and is installed with a top face thereof located in a vicinity of a horizon of the seawater. In the upper part within the main tank a plain water pressure conveyance pump 10 is provided. The sub-tank 2 located outside has an upper plate closely attached to the outer part of the main tank and is provided with a bottom plate and a water passage pipe 11 at a lower part, and the water passage pipe is disposed at a depth deep enough to be free from influence of waves. An air-motor driven generator 12 is provided above the main and sub tanks 1, 2 and is connected to the main and sub tanks 1, 2 by vent pipes 13. An air suction cylinder 14 for collecting air pressure generated by vertical movement of sea surface and an air compression cylinder 15 are connected to the main tank 1 and the sub-tank 2 by vent pipes 16, respectively.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は波のエネルギーを
利用した、海水淡水化装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a seawater desalination apparatus utilizing wave energy.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】海水淡水化の方法としては、蒸発法、電
気透析法、逆浸透法等がある。2. Description of the Related Art Seawater desalination methods include an evaporation method, an electrodialysis method and a reverse osmosis method.

【０００３】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】近年、水の需要が増大
しつゝあり、海水淡水化の装置の設置も急増している。
しかし、在来の海水淡水化装置は、熱源、電気エネルギ
ー（火力発電）等を多量に必要とするので、ひいては、
大気汚染、地球温暖化等環境に及ぼす悪影響の一因とも
なり、好ましくない。そこで、他からのエネルギーの供
給を必要としない、海水淡水化が可能な装置の開発が課
題である。In recent years, the demand for water has been increasing, and the installation of seawater desalination equipment has been rapidly increasing.
However, conventional seawater desalination equipment requires a large amount of heat source, electric energy (thermal power generation), and so on.
It is also unfavorable because it contributes to adverse effects on the environment such as air pollution and global warming. Therefore, development of a device capable of desalinating seawater without requiring supply of energy from other sources is an issue.

【０００４】[0004]

【課題を解決するための手段】海水の運動によって発生
する、無限でクリーンな、波のエネルギーを利用、波の
運動を空気圧及び発電力に変換、海水淡水化タンク及び
海水濾過透析機構を稼動させ、他からのエネルギーの供
給を必要としない装置によって、海水淡水化を達成、前
項課題を解決する。Means for Solving the Problems Utilizing infinite and clean wave energy generated by seawater motion, converting wave motion into air pressure and power generation, operating a seawater desalination tank and a seawater filtration / dialysis mechanism. Achieving seawater desalination with a device that does not require the supply of energy from other sources, and solves the above-mentioned problems.

【０００５】[0005]

【発明の実施の形態】海面上に設置した、海水淡水化主
タンクの内部に、支持枠、陽電極板、砂礫層、繊維層、
炭素層、陰電極板よりなる水平層状の海水濾過透析機構
を設け、海面上に、予じめ設置した空気圧縮筒、空気吸
引筒によって、波による海面の上下動を、空気圧、吸引
力として変換取出し、淡水化主タンクに吸引力を、副タ
ンクには空気圧をそれぞれ導入、この圧力差を濾過透析
機構に作用、海水を主タンク下部より吸引圧送、通水さ
せる。又この両タンクの空気の一部を発電に利用、濾過
透析機構の電極に電力を供給、空気圧及び電力によっ
て、主タンク下部より通過する海水を濾過透析し、海水
と淡水の比重差を利用、主タンク内濾過透析機構上部に
淡水を生成せしめる。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Inside a seawater desalination main tank installed on the sea surface, a support frame, a positive electrode plate, a gravel layer, a fiber layer,
A horizontal layered seawater filtration and dialysis mechanism consisting of a carbon layer and a negative electrode plate is installed, and the vertical movement of the sea surface due to waves is converted into air pressure and suction power by an air compression tube and air suction tube installed in advance on the sea surface. A suction force is introduced into the main tank for take-out and desalination, and an air pressure is introduced into the sub-tank. This pressure difference acts on the filtration / dialysis mechanism, and seawater is suction-fed from the lower part of the main tank to flow. Also, part of the air in both tanks is used for power generation, power is supplied to the electrodes of the filtration and dialysis mechanism, and seawater passing from the lower part of the main tank is filtered and dialyzed by air pressure and power, and the specific gravity difference between seawater and freshwater is used Fresh water is generated at the upper part of the filtration dialysis mechanism in the main tank.

【０００６】[0006]

【実施例】波のエネルギーを利用するに適した外洋沿
岸、防波堤外側等に、基礎枠、船台等をもって、海水淡
水化タンク装置及び、空気吸引筒、空気圧縮筒を必要数
設置する。淡水化タンクは、二重円筒状とし、半球面状
の上板を密着し、内方を主タンク（１）、外方を副タン
ク（２）とし、上部にて両タンクを接着する。タンクの
外部はコンクリート造り、内部はポリ塩化ビニール、メ
ラミン樹脂等による気密構造とし、主タンク内部には、
強化プラスチック等の合成樹脂素材を網状に成形した支
持枠（３）、銅、又は銅合金による多穿孔状の陽電極板
（４）、花崗岩、安山岩等よりなる砂礫層（５）、竹、
木材、合成繊維等による繊維層（６）、木炭、又は石炭
を粒状とした炭素層（７）、亜鉛、又は亜鉛合金を多穿
孔状に成形した陰電極板（８）を、合成樹脂素材を網状
に成形した隔離板（９）を介して、順次積み重ね、水平
層状に構成した濾過透析機構を、上面が海水水平線近く
なるように設置する。同じく主タンク内上方部に、淡水
送出用圧送ポンプ（１０）を設ける。外方副タンクは上
板を主タンク外側部に密着し、下部には底板、及び通水
管（１１）を設け、通水管は波の影響を受けない深さに
達するよう設置する。主、副タンク上部にエアーモータ
ー駆動発電機（１２）を設け、通気管（１３）によっ
て、主、副タンクえ接続する。海面の上下運動によって
発生する空気圧を集収するための空気吸引筒（１４）は
主タンクえ、空気圧縮筒（１５）は副タンクえ、それぞ
れ通気管（１６）をもって連結する。上記装置の作用を
説明すると、空気吸引筒は、海面が上昇時に吸気弁が閉
ぢ、排気弁が開き空気を排出、海面が下降時に排気弁が
閉ぢ、吸入弁が開き吸引力が発生、連結する通気管を通
じて主タンク内に吸引力（負圧）を発生する。空気圧縮
筒は、吸引筒と全く反対の働きをし、副タンク内に圧縮
力を供給する。この空気圧によって、タンク下部に流入
している海水が、濾過透析機構の下方より上方え、圧送
（上方より吸引）通水され、濾過透析機構の機能により
上部に淡水が生成される。主、副タンク間の通気管回路
に設置されたエアーモーターに空気圧の一部を供給、発
電機を駆動させ、その発生電力を濾過透析機構の電極板
に通電、透析機構を作用せしめる。濾過透析機構の機能
について説明すると、砂礫層、繊維層、炭素層よりなる
濾過機構は、古来より製塩、岩塩精製、水浄化に使用さ
れた物質であり濾過の効用があり、電極板に通電するこ
とは、食塩水に銅、亜鉛の電極を用いて電流を通じる
と、陽極より塩素、陰極より水素を発生する、この電気
分解の理を用いたもので、電気分解発生以前の低電力を
通ずることにより、塩水中の塩化ナトリュウム（ＮａＣ
ｌ）はナトリュームと塩素のイオン結合による、安定化
合物であるので陽電極板え、水（Ｈ_２Ｏ）は水素と酸素
の水素結合による、同じく安定した化合物であるので、
陰電極板え、それぞれ吸引集合し、透析効果が可能とな
る、且つ、上記濾過層は、水の通過時の滞留時間を増大
して、電気透析効果を助長し、海水、淡水の比重差を利
用、淡水化の効果を増大する。尚、より純度の高い淡水
を必要とする場合は、酢酸セルローズのような半透膜、
又は微細孔膜を濾過透析機構の上部に設置することによ
り高純度の淡水生成が可能である。主タンク内に生成さ
れた淡水は、上記発電電力の一部によって圧送ポンプを
駆動、外部に別に設けられた淡水貯水タンクへ送水され
る。本装置は、海水中の海藻、微生物、塵埃、等が附着
して機能が低下するようなことがあっても、空気圧装置
の通気路に切換弁を設け、逆方向に圧送風することによ
り、簡単に清浄が可能であり、保守管理が容易である。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A required number of seawater desalination tank devices, air suction cylinders, and air compression cylinders are installed with a base frame, a boat stand, etc. on the coast of the open sea, outside of a breakwater, or the like suitable for utilizing wave energy. The desalination tank has a double cylindrical shape, a hemispherical upper plate is in close contact, the inner tank is the main tank (1), the outer tank is the sub-tank (2), and both tanks are bonded at the upper part. The outside of the tank is made of concrete, the inside is airtight with PVC, melamine resin, etc.
A support frame (3) formed of a synthetic resin material such as reinforced plastic in a mesh shape, a positive electrode plate (4) with multiple perforations made of copper or copper alloy, a gravel layer (5) made of granite, andesite, bamboo,
A fiber layer (6) made of wood, synthetic fiber, or the like, a carbon layer (7) made of charcoal or coal, a negative electrode plate (8) formed of zinc or a zinc alloy in a perforated shape, and a synthetic resin material. The filtration dialysis mechanism, which is sequentially stacked and formed into a horizontal layer via the mesh-shaped separator (9), is installed such that the upper surface is close to the seawater horizontal line. Similarly, a pressure pump (10) for delivering fresh water is provided in an upper portion in the main tank. The outer sub-tank has an upper plate in close contact with the outer portion of the main tank, a bottom plate and a water pipe (11) provided at a lower part, and the water pipe is installed to reach a depth that is not affected by waves. An air motor driven generator (12) is provided above the main and sub tanks, and the main and sub tanks are connected by a ventilation pipe (13). The air suction cylinder (14) for collecting the air pressure generated by the vertical movement of the sea surface is connected to the main tank, and the air compression cylinder (15) is connected to the sub-tank via a ventilation pipe (16). The operation of the above device will be described. In the air suction cylinder, the intake valve closes when the sea level rises, the exhaust valve opens to discharge air, the exhaust valve closes when the sea level lowers, the suction valve opens and a suction force is generated, A suction force (negative pressure) is generated in the main tank through the connected vent pipe. The air compression cylinder acts exactly the opposite of the suction cylinder and supplies a compression force into the sub-tank. Due to this air pressure, the seawater flowing into the lower part of the tank rises above the lower part of the filtration and dialysis mechanism, and is fed under pressure (suctioned from above), and fresh water is generated at the upper part by the function of the filtration and dialysis mechanism. A part of air pressure is supplied to an air motor installed in a vent pipe circuit between the main and sub tanks, and a generator is driven. The generated electric power is supplied to the electrode plate of the filtration and dialysis mechanism so that the dialysis mechanism operates. To explain the function of the filtration and dialysis mechanism, the filtration mechanism consisting of a gravel layer, a fiber layer, and a carbon layer is a substance that has been used for salt production, rock salt purification, and water purification since ancient times. That is, when current is passed through a saline solution using copper and zinc electrodes, chlorine is generated from the anode and hydrogen is generated from the cathode. In this way, sodium chloride (NaC)
l) is a positive electrode because it is a stable compound due to the ionic bond between sodium and chlorine. Since water (H ₂ O) is a stable compound due to the hydrogen bond between hydrogen and oxygen,
The negative electrode plate, each of which is gathered by suction, enables a dialysis effect, and the filtration layer increases the residence time during passage of water, promotes the electrodialysis effect, and reduces the difference in specific gravity between seawater and fresh water. Increase the effect of utilization and desalination. If you need fresh water with higher purity, use a semipermeable membrane such as cellulose acetate,
Alternatively, high-purity fresh water can be produced by installing a microporous membrane on the upper part of the filtration and dialysis mechanism. The fresh water generated in the main tank drives a pressure pump by a part of the generated power and is sent to a fresh water storage tank separately provided outside. This device is equipped with a switching valve in the ventilation path of the pneumatic device, even if seaweed, microorganisms, dust, etc. in seawater are attached and the function is deteriorated, by blowing air in the opposite direction, Easy cleaning and easy maintenance.

【０００７】[0007]

【発明の効果】以上の説明で明らかなように、本装置は
波のエネルギーを利用したもので、電力等他からのエネ
ルギーの供給を不要とし、稼働運転経費、機械的損耗、
機材の補給補修等をあまり必要とせず、環境に及ぼす影
響も殆んど無く、容易に海水淡水化の効果を達成でき
る。As is apparent from the above description, the present apparatus utilizes the energy of waves and does not require the supply of energy from other sources such as electric power.
It does not require much replenishment and repair of equipment, has little effect on the environment, and can easily achieve the effect of seawater desalination.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【第１図】本発明の構成を説明するための立面略図FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view for explaining the configuration of the present invention.

【第２図】配置例平面略図FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an arrangement example.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１主タンク２副タンク３支持枠４陽電極板５砂礫層６繊維層７炭素層８陰電極板９隔離板１０圧送ポンプ１１通水管１２発電機１３通気管１４空気吸引筒１５空気圧縮筒１６通気管１７海水水平線１８淡水１９海水 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main tank 2 Sub tank 3 Support frame 4 Positive electrode plate 5 Gravel layer 6 Fiber layer 7 Carbon layer 8 Negative electrode plate 9 Separator 10 Pressure pump 11 Water flow pipe 12 Generator 13 Vent pipe 14 Air suction pipe 15 Air compression pipe 16 Ventilation pipe 17 Seawater horizon 18 Freshwater 19 Seawater

Claims

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]

【請求項１】海面上に、二重の円筒に半球面状上板を
密着し、内方を主たンク、外方を副タンクとした、海水
淡水化タンクを設置する。主タンク内部に、何れも通水
性を有する、合成樹脂素材を網状に成形した支持枠、銅
を主とした多穿孔状の陽電極板、花崗岩を主とした砂礫
層、竹繊維を主とした繊維層、木炭を主とした炭素層、
亜鉛を主とした多穿孔状の陰電極板を、合成樹脂を主と
した網状の隔離板を介して、順次積重ね、水平層状に成
形した海水濾過透析機構を、上面が海水水平線近くなる
ように設置する。副タンクは、上板を主タンク外側に密
着。下部に底板、必要深さに達する通水管を設け設置す
る。このタンク装置とは別に、海面上に空気吸引筒、空
気圧縮筒を多数設置、波の海面の降下時に発生する吸引
力（負圧）を、空気吸引筒より淡水化主タンクえ、海面
の上昇時に発生する圧縮圧力を圧縮筒より副タンクえ、
それぞれ導入、主タンク内に吸引力、副タンクに空気圧
を蓄積する。この主、副タンクの空気圧力差を利用、海
水を主タンク下部より、濾過透析機構に吸引圧送、通水
させる。又、この空気圧の一部を利用してエアーモータ
ー及び発電機を駆動、発電した電力を濾過透析機構の電
極板に供給し、空気圧及び電力の作用によって、機構内
を通過する海水を濾過透析し、主タンク内に淡水を生成
せしめる。上記に於ける、波のエネルギーによって稼動
する、海水淡水化主、副タンク及び、主タンク内部に水
平層状に設置した濾過透析機構よりなる海水淡水化装
置。1. A seawater desalination tank having a hemispherical upper plate in close contact with a double cylinder on the sea surface and having a main tank inside and a sub tank outside is installed. Inside the main tank, all are water-permeable, a support frame formed of a synthetic resin material in a net shape, a multi-perforated positive electrode plate mainly made of copper, a gravel layer mainly made of granite, a bamboo fiber Fiber layer, carbon layer mainly made of charcoal,
A multi-perforated negative electrode plate mainly composed of zinc is sequentially stacked via a mesh-shaped separator mainly composed of synthetic resin, and a seawater filtration / dialysis mechanism formed into a horizontal layer is formed so that the upper surface is close to the seawater horizontal line. Install. For the sub tank, the upper plate is in close contact with the outside of the main tank. A bottom plate and a water pipe reaching the required depth are provided and installed at the bottom. Separately from this tank device, a large number of air suction cylinders and air compression cylinders are installed on the sea surface, and the suction force (negative pressure) generated when the sea surface of the wave descends is desalinated from the air suction cylinder. The compression pressure that occurs at the time of the auxiliary tank from the compression cylinder,
Introduce the suction force in the main tank and accumulate the air pressure in the sub tank, respectively. By utilizing the air pressure difference between the main tank and the sub tank, the seawater is suction-fed from the lower part of the main tank to the filtration and dialysis mechanism to flow the water. In addition, a part of the air pressure is used to drive the air motor and the generator, and the generated power is supplied to the electrode plate of the filtration and dialysis mechanism, and seawater passing through the mechanism is filtered and dialyzed by the action of the air pressure and the power. Generate fresh water in the main tank. A seawater desalination apparatus comprising a seawater desalination main tank, a subtank, and a filtration and dialysis mechanism installed in a horizontal layer inside the main tank.