JPH11501014A - Benzylpiperidine and piperazine as muscarinic antagonists - Google Patents

Benzylpiperidine and piperazine as muscarinic antagonists

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Publication number
JPH11501014A
JPH11501014A JP8525703A JP52570396A JPH11501014A JP H11501014 A JPH11501014 A JP H11501014A JP 8525703 A JP8525703 A JP 8525703A JP 52570396 A JP52570396 A JP 52570396A JP H11501014 A JPH11501014 A JP H11501014A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
compound
alkyl
group
twenty
cycloalkyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP8525703A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
ロウ,デレック
チャン,ウェイ
コズロウスキ,ジョセフ
ジー. バーガー,ジョエル
マッククエイド,ロバート
バーネット,アレン
シェーロック,マーガレット
トム,ウィング
デュガー,サンディープ
チェン,ライアン−ヨン
ダブリュー. クレイダー,ジョン
チャカラマニル,サミュエル
ワン,ユガン
ダブリュー. マコンビー,スチュアート
アール. タガット,ジャヤラム
エフ. バイス,スーザン
バカロ,ワイン
ジェイ. グリーン,マイケル
イー. ブローン,マーガレット
アスベロム,セオドロス
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp
Original Assignee
Schering Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schering Corp filed Critical Schering Corp
Publication of JPH11501014A publication Critical patent/JPH11501014A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C07D211/00Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
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    • C07D211/06Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/08Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D211/20Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract

(57)【要約】 式(I)に従う、ジ-N-置換ピペラジン化合物または1,4-ジ-置換ピペラジン化合物(全ての異性体、塩、エステル、および溶媒化合物を包含する)(ここで、R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R21、R27、R28、X、Y、およびZは本明細書中で定義した通りである)は、アルツハイマー病のような認識障害を処置するために有用なムスカリン様アンタゴニストである。薬学的組成物および調製方法もまた開示される。上記の式の化合物またはアセチルコリン放出を促進し得る他の化合物と、アセチルコリンエステラーゼインヒビターとの相乗作用的な組み合わせもまた開示される。 (57) Abstract: A di-N-substituted piperazine compound or a 1,4-di-substituted piperazine compound (including all isomers, salts, esters, and solvates) according to Formula (I), wherein R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 21 , R 27 , R 28 , X, Y and Z are as defined herein) are cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease Are useful muscarinic antagonists for treating Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of preparation are also disclosed. Also disclosed are synergistic combinations of a compound of the above formula or other compound capable of enhancing acetylcholine release with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 ムスカリン様アンタゴニストとしての ベンジルピペリジンおよびピペラジン発明の背景 本発明は、認識障害の処置において有用であるジ-N-置換ピペラジンおよび1,4 -ジ-置換ピペリジン、この化合物を含む薬学的組成物、この化合物を用いる処置 方法に関し、そして、上記化合物とアセチルコリンエステラーゼインヒビターと の組み合わせの使用に関する。 アルツハイマー病および他の認識障害は、最近多くの注目を集めてきたが、こ れらの疾患に対する処置にはあまり成功していない。Melchiorreら(J.Med.Chem .(1993),36,3734-3737)によると、M2ムスカリン様レセプターを選択的にアン タゴナイズする化合物は、特にM1ムスカリン様レセプターに関して、認識障害 に対する活性を有するはずである。Baumgoldら(Eur.J.of Pharmacol.、251、(1 994)315-317)は、高度に選択的なm2ムスカリン様アンタゴニストとして、3- α-クロロインペリアリン(3-α-Chloroimperialine)を開示する。 本発明は、それらのいくつかが3-α-クロロインペリアリンのm2選択性より もさらに高いm2選択性を有する、ジ-N-置換ピペラジンおよび1,4-ジ-置換ピペ リジンのクラスの発見に基づく。Logemannら(Brit.J.Pharmacol.(1961)、17、2 86-296)は、特定のジ-N-置換ピペラジンを記載するが、これらは本発明の化合 物と異なる。さらに、Logemannらの化合物は、認識障害に対する活性を有するこ とを開示されていない。発明の要旨 本発明は、全ての異性体ならびにその薬学的に受容可能な塩、エステル、およ び溶媒化合物を包含する、構造式Iの化合物 に関し、 ここで、YおよびZの一方はNであり、そして他方はN、CH、またはC-アルキ ルであり; Xは、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NR6-、-CO-、-CH2-、-CS-、-C(OR5)2-、-C(S R5)2-、-CONR20-、-C(アルキル)2-、-C(H)(アルキル)-、-NR20-SO2-、-NR20CO- 、 p.2 下 化学式 切りはり(6行) であり; Rは、 水素、アシル、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、2個までのアルキル 基で置換されるシクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、ビシクロアルキル、アリー ルアルケニル、ベンジル、独立して選択される3個までのR3基で置換されるベ ンジル、シクロアルキルアルキル、ポリハロアシル、ベンジルオキシアルキル、 ヒドロキシC2〜C20アルキル、アルケニルカルボニル、アルキルアリールスルホ ニル、アルコキシカルボニルアミノアシル、アルキルスルホニル、またはアリー ルスルホニルであり、さらに、Xが-CH2-である場合、Rはまた-OHであり得;さ ら に加えて、XがNではない場合、Rはまたヒドロキシメチルであり得、さらに加 えて、RおよびXは、結合してProt-(NOAA)r-NH-基を形成し得、ここで、rは1 〜4の整数であり、Protは窒素保護基であり、そしてrが1である場合、NOAAは 天然に存在するアミノ酸またはそのエナンチオマーであり、あるいは、rが2〜 4である場合、各NOAAは独立して選択される天然に存在するアミノ酸またはその エナンチオマーのペプチドであり; R1およびR21は、独立して、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、シク ロアルケニル、ビシクロアルキル、アルキニル、シアノ、アミノアルキル、アル コキシカルボニル、アミノカルボニル、ヒドロキシグアニジノ、アルコキシカル ボニルアルキル、フェニルアルキル、アルキルカルボニルオキシアルキル、 H、-OH、(ただし、R1およびR21は両方とも-OHではなく、そしてYはNでは ない)、ホルミル、-COアルキル、-COアシル、-COアリール、およびヒドロキシ アルキルからなる群から選択され;さらに、R1およびR21は一緒になって、以 下の基 を形成し得、さらに加えて、R1およびR21は、それらが付加する炭素原子と共 に、基 を形成し得、あるいは、R1およびR21は、それらが付加する炭素原子と共に、 3個〜7個の炭素原子およびS、O、およびNHから選択される1つの基を含む飽 和ヘテロシクロ環を形成し得; R2は、H、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、1個〜3個の独立して 選択されるR3基で置換されるシクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、ヒドロキシC2 〜C20アルキル、アルキニル、アルキルアミド、シクロアルキルアルキル、ヒド ロキシアリールアルキル、ビシクロアルキル、アルキニル、アシルアミノアルキ ル、アリールアルキル、ヒドロキシアルコキシアルキル、アザビシクロ、アルキ ルカルボニル、アルコキシアルキル、アミノカルボニルアルキル、アルコキシカ ルボニルアミノアルキル、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ(アルキル)アルキル; アルキルカルボニルオキシアルキル、アリールヒドロキシアルキル、アルキルカ ルボニルアミノ(アルキル)アルキル、ジアルキルアミノ、 (ここで、R29は、H、アルキル、アシル、アルコキシカルボニル、アミノカル ボニル、アルキルアミノカルボニル、ジアルキルアミノカルボニル、アルキルス ルホニル、アリールスルホニルである)、 (ここで、QはO、NOH、またはNO-アルキルである)、あるいは、Zが-CH-であ る場合、R2はまた、アルコキシカルボニル、ヒドロキシメチル、-N(R8)2であり 得; R3、R4、R32、R24、およびR25は、独立して、H、ハロ、アルコキシ、ベ ンジルオキシ、ニトロまたはアミノアルキルで置換されるベンジルオキシ、ハロ アルキル、ポリハロアルキル、ニトロ、シアノ、スルホニル、ヒドロキシ、アミ ノ、アルキルアミノ、ホルミル、アルキルチオ、ポリハロアルコキシ、アシル オキシ、トリアルキルシリル、アルキルスルホニル、アリールスルホニル、アシ ル、アルコキシカルボニルアルキルスルフィニル;-OCONH2、-OCONH-アルキル、 -OCON(アルキル)2、-NHCOO-アルキル、-NHCO-アルキル、フェニル、ヒドロキシ アルキル、またはモルホリノからなる群から選択され; 各R5およびR6は、独立して、Hおよびアルキルからなる群から選択され、た だし、XがC(OR5)2またはC(SR5)2である場合、R5基の両方はHではあり得ず、 そしてさらに、XがC(OR5)2またはC(SR5)2である場合、Xにおける2個のR5基 は結合して-(CH2)p-を形成し得、ここで、pは2〜4の整数であり; R7は、独立して、H、アルキル、アリールアルキル、シクロアルキル、アリ ール、および本明細書中で定義されるR3およびR4で置換されるアリールからな る群から選択され; 各R8は、独立して、H、ヒドロキシアルキル、またはアルキルからなる群か ら選択され、あるいは2つのR8基が結合してアルキレン基を形成し得; R9は、H、アルキル、またはアシルであり: R20は、H、フェニル、またはアルキルであり;そして R27およびR28は、独立して、H、アルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、アリール アルキル、アミノアルキル、ハロアルキル、チオアルキル、アルキルチオアルキ ル、カルボキシアルキル、イミダゾリアルキル、およびインドリアルキルからな る群から選択され、さらにR27およびR28は結合して、アルキレン基を形成し得 る。 化合物の好ましい群では、YおよびZはNである。 化合物の他の好ましい群では、YはCHであり、そしてZはNである。 化合物の他の好ましい群では、Rは であり、そしてXはO、SO、またはSO2である。 化合物の他の好ましい群では、R3およびR4はHであり、そしてR1はシクロ アルキル、アルキル、またはCNでありかつR21はHであるか、またはR1および R21が一緒になって=CH2または=Oを形成するかのいずれかである。 化合物の他の好ましい群では、Rは、 であり、 XはO、SO、またはSO2であり、R3およびR4はHであり、そしてR1はシクロ アルキル、アルキル、もしくはCNでありかつR21はHであるか、またはR1およ びR21が一緒になって=CH2または=Oを形成するかのいずれかである。 化合物の他の好ましい群では、YおよびZはNであり、R1はシクロアルキル 、アルキル、またはCNであり、R21はHであり、そしてR2はシクロアルキルま たは である。 化合物の他の好ましい群では、YはCHであり、ZはNであり、R2はシクロア ルキルまたは である。 化合物の他の好ましい群では、R27およびR28の少なくとも1つはアルキルで ある。 化合物の他の好ましい群では、R27またはR28の一方はメチルであり、他方は 水素である。 化合物の他の好ましい群では、Rは である。 化合物の他の好ましい群は、式 で表される群であり、 ここで、R、X、R1、R27、およびR21は、以下の表 で定義される通りであるか、または構造式 または を有する。 式Iの好ましい化合物の他の群を以下の表に示す: (以下の表において、R2が置換シクロヘキシルである場合、置換位置は以下 のように番号付けされる): 本発明の別の局面は、薬学的に受容可能なキャリアと組み合わせた、上記の構 造式Iを有する化合物を含む薬学的組成物である。 本発明の別の局面は、アルツハイマー病のような認識障害および神経退化疾患 の処置に有用である薬学的組成物の調製のための、式Iの化合物の使用である。 本発明のさらに別の局面は、式Iの化合物と薬学的に受容可能なキャリアとを 混合する工程を包含する薬学的組成物の製造のための方法を包含する。 本発明の別の局面は、認識疾患または神経退化疾患を処置する方法であり、該 疾患に罹患した患者に、有効量の式Iの化合物を投与する工程を包含する。 本発明の別の局面は、アセチルコリンエステラーゼインヒビターと組み合わせ た式Iの化合物を用いて、アルツハイマー病のような認識疾患または神経退化疾 患を処置する方法である。 本発明の別の局面は、認識疾患または神経退化疾患を処置する方法であり、該 疾患に罹患した患者に、アセチルコリンエステラーゼインヒビターと、アセチル コリン放出を増進し得る化合物(好ましくは、m2またはm4選択的ムスカリン 様アンタゴニスト)との組み合わせの有効量を投与する工程を包含する。 本発明の別の局面は、単一パッケージ中の別々の容器中に、組み合わせて使用 するための薬学的化合物を含む、認識障害を処置するためのキットであって、1 つの容器中に、薬学的に受容可能なキャリア中の式Iの化合物またはアセチルコ リン放出を増進し得る化合物(好ましくは、m2またはm4選択的ムスカリン様 アンタゴニスト)を含み、そして第2の容器中に、薬学的に受容可能なキャリア 中のアセチルコリンエステラーゼインヒビターを含み、そしてそれらの組み合わ せた量は有効量である。図面の簡単な説明 図1は、覚醒ラットの皮質からのアセチルコリン(ACh)放出に対する、本発 明の化合物の腹腔内(i.p.)投与の用量に関連する効果を例示する。 図2は、腹腔内投与の後における、線条体(striatum)からのACh放出に対す る、図1と類似のプロットである。 図3は、覚醒ラットの線条体からのACh放出に対する、タクリン3mg/kg(腹腔 内投与)の効果を例示する。 図4は、本発明の化合物1mg/kg(腹腔内投与)に対する、図4と類似のプロッ トである。 図5は、タクリン3mg/kgと組み合わせた本発明の化合物1mg/kg(両方とも腹腔 内投与)に対する、図4と類似のプロットである。詳細な説明 別に述べられる場合を除いて、本明細書および請求の範囲の全体に以下の定義 が適用される。これらの定義は、用語がそれだけで使用されるか、または他の用 語と組み合わせて使用されるかに関わらず適用される。従って、「アルキル」の 定義は、「アルキル」および「アルコキシ」「ハロアルキル」などの「アルキル 」部分に適用される。 アルキルは、1個〜20個の炭素原子、より好ましくは1個〜8個の炭素原子を 有する、直鎖または分岐状の飽和炭化水素鎖を表す。 アルケニルは、少なくとも1つの炭素-炭素二重結合を有し、2個〜15個の炭 素原子、より好ましくは2個〜12個の炭素原子を有する、直鎖または分岐状の炭 化水素鎖を表す。 アルキニルは、少なくとも1つの炭素-炭素三重結合を有し、2個〜10個の炭 素原子、より好ましくは2個〜8個の炭素原子を有する、直鎖または分岐状の炭 化水素鎖を表す。 シクロアルキルは、3個〜12個の炭素原子を有する、飽和炭素環状の環を表す 。 シクロアルケニルは、5個〜8個の炭素原子を有し、かつ少なくとも1つの炭 素-炭素二重結合を環の中に有する、炭素環状の環を表す。 ビシクロアルキルは、5個〜12個の炭素原子を有する、ブリッジされた飽和炭 素環状の環を表す。 アシルは、次式の基を表し、 ここで、アルキルは前に定義した通りである。 ハロは、フルオロ、クロロ、ブロモ、またはヨードを表す。 アリールは、フェニルまたはナフチルを表す。 ポリハロは、用語「ポリハロ」により改変された基への、少なくとも2つのハ ロ原子の置換を表す。 ヒドロキシグアニジノは、次式を有する基を表す。 アザビシクロは、4個〜8個の炭素原子および少なくとも1個の窒素原子を含 む、ブリッジされた飽和環を表す。 スルホニルは、式-SO2-の基を表す。 スルフィニルは、式-SO-の基を表す。 アルキレンは、-(CH2)q-の式を有する基を表し、ここで、qは1〜20の整数で ある。 天然に存在するアミノ酸(NOAA)は、アラニン(ala)、アルギニン(arg)、 アスパラギン(asn)、アスパラギン酸(asp)、システイン(cys)、グルタミ ン(gln)、グルタミン酸(glu)、グリシン(gly)、ヒスチジン(histadine) (his)、イソロイシン(ile)、ロイシン(leu)、リジン(lys)、メチオニン (met)、フェニルアラニン(phe)、プロリン(pro)、セリン(ser)、トレオ ニン(thr)、トリプトファン(trp)、チロシン(tyr)およびバリン(val)か らなる群から選択される酸を意味する。 窒素保護基(Prot)は、天然に存在するアミノ酸(またはそのエナンチオマー )上の窒素を反応から保護し得る基を意味する。好ましい窒素保護基は、カルボ ベンジルオキシ(CBZ)、CH3OCO(CH2)9CO、およびt-ブトキシカルボニルである 。当然のことながら、任意の機能し得る窒素保護基が包含される。 変数が構造式において2回以上現れる場合(例えば、Xが-C(OR5)2-である場 合のR5)、2回以上現れる変数の各々が示すもの(identity)は、独立して、 その変数に対する定義から選択され得る。 本発明の化合物は、R1およびR21が同一ではない場合、R1が付着している不 斉炭素に基づく、少なくとも2つの立体配置で存在し得る。XがSOまたはC(OR5)2 である場合(2つのR5基が同一でない場合)、あるいはRが-CR5=C=CR6である 場合、さらなる立体異性が存在する。あるいは、式Iについて、多数の他の立体 異性の可能性がある。式Iの全ての可能な立体異性体は、本発明の範囲内である 。 式Iの化合物は、非溶媒和および溶媒和(水和の形態を含む)の形態で存在し 得る。一般的には、本発明の目的のためには、薬学的に受容可能な溶媒(例えば 、水、エタノールなど)による溶媒和の形態は、非溶媒和の形態と等価である。 式Iの化合物は、有機酸および無機酸と共に、薬学的に受容可能な塩を形成し 得る。塩形成に適切な酸の例は、塩酸、硫酸、リン酸、酢酸、クエン酸、マロン 酸、サリチル酸、リンゴ酸、フマル酸、コハク酸、アスコルビン酸、マレイン酸 、メタンスルホン酸、ならびに当業者に周知である他の鉱酸およびカルボン酸で ある。塩は、従来の様式で、遊離の塩基形態を十分な量の所望の酸と接触させて 塩を生成することにより調製される。遊離の塩基形態は、塩を適切な希薄塩基水 溶液(例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、アンモニア、または重炭酸ナ トリウムの希薄水溶液)で処理することにより、再生し得る。遊離の塩基形態は 、特定の物理的特性(例えば、極性溶媒への溶解性)において、そのそれぞれの 塩の形態とは幾分異なるが、それ以外では、本発明の目的に対しては、塩はその それぞれの遊離の塩基の形態と等価である。 式Iの化合物は、以下の反応工程に示すような、当業者に公知の方法によって 生成され得る: ここで、L1は脱離基であり、そしてL2はHまたはアルカリ金属であり、そし てY、Z、R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R27、およびR28は、上記で式Iについて 定義した通りであり、そしてXはO、SO、またはSO2である。 プロセスAは、好ましくはニートあるいは溶媒(例えば、DMF、DMSO、または アセトニトリル)中で、0℃〜110℃の範囲の温度で、約1時間〜24時間の期間 、行われる。L1が塩化物脱離基であることが好ましいが、他の脱離基(例えば 、ブロミドまたはメシレート)も満足するものである。L2は水素であることが 好ましい。 式IIの出発物質は、XがO、SO、またはSO2である場合、以下の一連の反応よ り形成され得る。 工程(a)においては、塩素化合物を亜鉛の存在下、水などの溶媒中、50℃〜 95℃で1時間〜3時間、水酸化ナトリウムと反応させる。あるいは、R-X-Hを、 0℃〜室温で1時間〜3時間、THFまたはDMFなどの溶媒中で、NaHと反応させる 。工程(b)においては、置換ベンズアルデヒドを工程(a)からの反応混合物 に 添加し、そして、1時間〜24時間、20℃〜70℃で反応を行う。工程(c)におい て、X2は例えばクロリドまたはブロミドを表す。R1MgX2との反応を、0℃〜70 ℃において1時間〜24時間、THFまたはジエチルエーテル溶媒中で行う。SOCl2と の反応を、好ましくは過剰の塩化チオニルを溶媒として、25℃〜70℃において1 時間〜24時間行う。式IIIの化合物は、容易に入手可能である。他の式IIの化合 物を製造するためのいくつかの反応スキームを、以下に示す: ここで、L4は脱離基であり、そしてL2はHまたはアルカリ金属であり、そし てX、Y、Z、R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R21、R27、およびR28は、式Iにつ いて上記で定義した通りである。 プロセスBは、好ましくは、DMFなどの溶媒中で、約25℃〜120℃において約1 時間〜24時間行われる。L2がNaまたは水素であり、そしてL4が塩化物脱離基で あることが好ましい。 式IVの化合物は、以下の反応スキームにより生成され得る: 上記の反応スキームにおいて、R1Aは、好ましくは、式IについてのR7の定 義に従う。 工程(d)は、アセトンまたはDMF溶媒中で、20℃〜100℃において1時間〜24 時間、塩基性条件(例えば、K2CO3を有する)下で行われ得る。 工程(e)は、ニートまたは塩化メチレン中で、20℃〜70℃において1時間〜 24時間行われ得る。 工程(f)は、エタノールまたはメタノール中で、25℃〜70℃において1時間 〜24時間行われ得る。 ここで、L6は脱離基であり、そしてL2はHまたはアルカリ金属であり、そし てX、Y、Z、R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R27、およびR28は、式Iについて上 記で定義した通りである。 プロセスCは、好ましくは、DMF、DMSO、またはアセトニトリルなどの溶媒中 で、約0℃〜110℃において1時間〜24時間行われる。L2が水素であり、そして L6が塩化物脱離基であることが好ましい。 式VIの化合物は、以下の反応スキームにより生成され得る: 他の式VIの化合物は、同様の反応により生成され得る。 ここで、Y1はHまたはアルキルであり、そして化合物Xは(アルキル)2AlCNまた はグリニャール試薬である。 プロセスDは、好ましくは、最初に式VIIIの化合物、四塩化チタン(TiCl4)ま たはチタンテトライソプロポキシド、および式IXの化合物をニートまたは塩化メ チレンなどの溶媒中で、約1〜24時間、20℃〜70℃において処理することにより 行われる。最後に、式Xの化合物を添加し、そして、混合物を1時間〜24時間、 20℃〜70℃において撹拌する。式VIIIの化合物は、プロセスAの工程(a)およ び(b)により生成し得る。 上記の反応において、Lは脱離基である。反応は、溶媒(例えば、THF)中で 、 -70℃〜室温において、1/2時間〜12時間行われる。 ジオール(8)と塩化チオニルの反応により、互いに平衡である塩化物(10) の混合物を得る。この混合物を、第1級アミンと反応させ、本発明の化合物(11 )および(12)を得る。 出発物質1および試薬R27CH(OSO2CF3)CO2Etが光学的に純粋または豊富である 場合、生成物11および12は非ラセミ体である。 必要であるかまたは所望される場合、1つ以上の下記の工程が、上記の反応に 続いて行われ得る;(a)このように生成した化合物から、任意の保護基を除去 する工程;(b)このように生成した化合物を、薬学的に受容可能な塩、エステ ルおよび/または溶媒化合物に変換する工程;(c)このように生成した式Iの 化合物を、他の式Iの化合物に変換する工程;および(d)式Iの化合物を単離 する工程(式Iの立体異性体を分離する工程を含む)。 前述の一連の反応に基づき、当業者は、任意の式Iの化合物を生成するのに必 要な出発物質を選択し得る。 上記のプロセスでは、反応の間に特定の基を保護することはしばしば望ましく かつ/または必要である。当業者に良く知られている従来の保護基が機能し得る 。反応(単数または複数)の後、保護基は標準的な手順で除去され得る。 式Iの化合物は、選択的なm2および/またはm4ムスカリン様アンタゴナイ ズ活性を示す。これはアルツハイマー病および老人性痴呆のような認識障害を処 置するための薬学的活性と関連している。 式Iの化合物は、m1およびm2ムスカリン様アンタゴニスト活性を示すこと が明らかにされる試験の手順において薬学的活性を示す。この化合物は、薬学的 治療用量において非毒性である。以下に試験手順を記載する。ムスカリン様結合活性 目的の化合物を、クローン化ヒトm1、m2、m3、およびm4ムスカリン様 レセプターサブタイプへの結合を阻害する能力について試験する。これらの研究 におけるレセプターの供給源は、レセプターサブタイプの各々を発現した、安定 にトランスフェクトされたCHO細胞株由来の膜であった。増殖の後、細胞をペレ ット化し、そして続いて、10mM Na/Kの冷リン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)(緩衝液B)50 体積中のPolytronを用いてホモジナイズした。ホモジネートを、40,000×gで20 分間、4℃で遠心分離した。得られた上清を捨て、そしてペレットを20mg/湿潤 組織/mlの最終濃度で、緩衝液Bに再懸濁した。これらの膜を、下記の結合アッ セイに使用するまで、-80℃で保存した。 クローン化されたヒトムスカリン様レセプターへの結合を、3H-キヌクリジル ベンジレート(QNB)(Watsonら、1986)を用いて行った。簡潔に述べると、膜( m1、m2、およびm4含有膜についてのタンパク質アッセイの、それぞれ約8 、20、および14μg)を3H-QNB(最終濃度100〜200pM)でインキュベートし、そ して25℃において90分間、2mlの最終容量中の非標識化薬物の濃度を増加させた 。非特異性結合を、アトロピン1μMの存在下でアッセイした。Skatron濾過装置 を使用して、GF/Bガラス繊維フィルター上で吸引濾過を行うことによってインキ ュベーションを終結させ、そしてフィルターを10mM Na/Kの冷リン酸緩衝液(pH7 .4)で洗浄した。シンチレーションカクテルをフィルターに添加し、そしてバイ アルを一晩インキュベートした。結合した放射性リガンドを、液体シンチレーシ ョンカウンター(50%の効率)で定量した。得られたデータを、EBDAコンピュー タプログラム(McPherson、1985)を用いて、IC50値(すなわち、結合を50%阻 害するのに必要とされる化合物の濃度)について分析した。次いで、親和性値( Ki)を、以下の式(ChengおよびPrusoff、1973)を用いて決定した; 従って、より低いKiの値は、より高い結合親和性を示す。 以下の刊行物(その全ては、参考として本明細書中で援用される)は、この手 順をより詳細に記載する。 Cheng,Y.-C.およびPrusoff,W.H.、Relationship between the inhibitory con stant(Ki)and the concentration of inhibitor which causes 50 per cent i nhibition(IC50)of an enzymatic reaction.Biochem.Pharmacol.22:3099-3 108、1973。 McPherson,G.A.Kinetic,EBDA,Ligand,Lowry:A Collection of Radioligand B inding Analysis Programs.Elsevier Science Publishers BV,Amsterdam,1985 。 Watson,M.J、Roeske,W.R.およびYamamura,H.I.[3H]Pirenzepine and(-)[3H)qu inuclidinyl benzilate binding to rat cerebral cortical and cardiac musca rinic cholinergic sites.Characterization and regulation of antagonist b inding to putative muscarinic subtypes.J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.237:411-418 、1986。 m2レセプターに結合する化合物について選択性の程度を決定するために、m 1レセプターに対するKi値を、m2レセプターに対するKi値で割った。より高い 比は、m2ムスカリン様レセプターの結合に対するより高い選択性を示す。微量透析方法 以下の手順を使用し、化合物がm2アンタゴニストとして機能することを示す。 外科手術:これらの研究のために、雄のSprague-Dawleyラット(250g〜350g) をペントバルビタールナトリウム(54mg/kg、ip)で麻酔し、そしてKopf脳定位 固定装置上に配置した。頭蓋骨を露出させ、そしてブレグマの前方0.2mmおよび 側方3.0mmの位置で硬膜まで貫通穿孔した。これらの座標で、ガイドカニューレ を、穿孔された開口部を通して硬膜の外部エッジに配置し、垂直に2.5mmの深さ まで降ろし、そして歯科用セメントで骨ねじ(bone screw)に耐久的に固定した 。外科手術後、ラットにアンピシリン(40mg/kg、ip)を与え、そしてラットを 個別に改造ケージに収容した。微量透析手順に着手する前に、約3〜7日の回復 期間を与えた。 微量透析:インビボ微量透析を行うために使用したすべての機器および器械を 、Bioanalytical Systems,Inc.(BAS)から入手した。微量透析手順は、細い針 状の灌流可能なプローブ(CMA/12,3mm×0.5mm)をガイドカニューレを通してガ イドの端部を越えて線条体中に3mmの深さに挿入することを包含した。このプロ ーブをあらかじめ、微量注入ポンプ(CMA-/100)にチューブで連結した。ラット を捕らえ、つなぎとめ、そしてプローブ挿入後、敷わら材料(litter material )ならびに食餌および水の摂取口(access)を備えた、大きく、透明なプレキシ ガラス製ボウル中に置いた。pH 7.4の、5.5mMのグルコース、0.2mMのL-アスコル ビン酸および1μMのネオスチグミンブロマイドを含有するリンガー緩衝液(NaC l 147mM; KCl 3.0mM; CaCl2 1.2mM; MgCl2 1.0mM)で、プローブを2μl/分で灌 流した。安定なベースライン読みとりを達成するために、画分の採取前90分間微 量透析を行った。低温コレクター(CMA/170または200)を用いて、画分(20μl )を3時間にわたり10分間隔で得た。4〜5つのベースライン画分を得、その後 、試験されるべき薬物または薬物の組合せを動物に投与した。採取完了時、ラッ トをそれぞれ剖検して、プローブ配置の正確さを決定した。 アセチルコリン(ACh)分析:微量透析液の採取したサンプル中のACh濃度を、 HPLC/電気化学的検出を使用して決定した。高分子分析用HPLCカラム(BAS,MF-6 150)にサンプルを自動注入(Waters 712 Refrigerated Sample Processor)し 、そして50mM Na2HPO4(pH 8.5)で溶出した。細菌増殖を防ぐために、Kathon C G試薬(0.005%)(BAS)を移動相に含ませた。次いで、分離したAChおよびコリ ンを含む分析カラムからの溶出液を直ちに、カラム出口に取り付けた固定酵素反 応器カートリッジ(BAS、MF-6151)に通した。この反応器は、高分子骨格に共有 結合したアセチルコリンエステラーゼおよびコリンオキシダーセの両方を含んで いた。AChおよびコリンに対するこれらの酵素の作用の結果、化学量論的収量の 過 酸化水素を得た。過酸化水素は、白金電極を備えたWaters 460検出器を用い、50 0ミリボルトの作用電圧で電気化学的に検出された。ミクロチャンネル IEEEボー ドを備えたIBM Model 70コンピューターを用い、データ取り込みを行った。「Ma xima」クロマトグラフィーソフトウエア(Waters Corporation)を用い、ピーク の積分および定量を達成した。サンプル当たりの総走査時間は、1ml/分の流速 で11分であった。アセチルコリンおよびコリンに対する保持時間は、それぞれ6. 5分および7.8分であった。クロマトグラフィーの間、検出器の感度の起こり得る 変化をモニターしそして校正するために、各サンプル列(queue)の最初、中間 および最後に、ACh標準物を含ませた。 AChレベルの増加は、シナプス前m2レセプター拮抗作用と一致する。試験結果 化合物番号 169、227(-)、289、269、214、232、123、236、296、300、301、302 、304および305に対して: Ki、nM、ml:2.1〜224 Ki、nM、m2:0.05〜16.6 m2選択比(Ki、ml/ Ki、m2)= 9.3〜42 Ki、nM、m4:0.33〜36 m4選択比(Ki、ml/ Ki、m4)= 3〜12 式Iに従う他の多くの化合物を、以下の結果の範囲で試験した: mlレセプターに対するKi結合、nM:0.01〜4770、>4200までの未決定値を有す る。未決定値はKiが完全に決定されない場合に起こるが、4200nMまでのある値よ り大きいことが見出された。 m2レセプターに対するKi結合、nM:0.01〜1525、>4600までの未決定値を有す る。未決定値はKiが完全に決定されない場合に起こるが、4600nMまでのある値よ り大きいことが見出された。m2 選択比[m1に対するKi/m2に対するKi] 任意の未決定のKi値を考慮することなく、0.3〜41.5。 化合物表からの化合物番号169を投与したとき、続いてベースラインレベルよ り高いACh放出の増加が測定された。 覚醒ラットの皮質由来(i.p.投与) 用量mg/kg ベースラインからの増加(%)としての (化合物169) ACh 放出ピーク (図1) 30 1500 10 400 1 75 覚醒ラットの線条体由来(i.p.投与) 用量mg/kg ベースラインからの増加(%)としての (化合物169) ACh 放出ピーク (図2) 30 270 10 150 3 125 1 30 0.1 10 化合物169の経口投与もまた、有意なACh放出の増加を引き起こした。 発明者らは、以下に示すように、アセチルコリンエステラーゼ(ACh'ase)イ ンヒビターと組合せた式Iの化合物は、ACh放出に対する相乗効果を有するとい う驚くべき発見をした。本明細書では、タクリンはACh'aseインヒビターとして 使用された。 覚醒ラットの線条体由来 用量 ベースラインからの増加(%)としての ACh 放出ピーク (図3〜5) タクリン 3 mg/kg(i.p.) 30(図3) 化合物169 1 mg/kg(i.p.) 40(図4) タクリン 3 mg/kg および 130(図5) 化合物169 1 mg/kg(i.p.) 上記に示されるように、組合せで投与される場合、化合物169およびタクリン はACh放出の相乗的増加を引き起こす。 本発明はまた、任意の他のACh'aseインヒビター(E-2020(Eisai Pharmaceutic alより入手可能)およびヘプチルフィゾスチグミンを含むが、これらに限定され ない)と組み合わせて式Iの化合物を投与することによって、同様の相乗的結果 を達成することに関する。 本発明はまた、ACh'aseインヒビターと組合せたスコポラミンまたはQNBのよう な、ACh放出を増進し得る任意の化合物を投与することによって、同様の相乗的 結果を達成することに関する。好ましくは、ACh放出増進化合物は、m2選択性ム スカリンアンタゴニスト(すなわち、(mlに対するKi/m2に対するKi)比が1よ り大きいアンタゴニスト)、またはm4選択性ムスカリンアンタゴニスト((mlに 対するKi/m4に対するKi)が1より大きい)である。本発明のこの局面を実施す るためのm2またはm4選択性ムスカリンアンタゴニストは、3-α-クロロインペリ アリン、AF-DX 116、AF-DX 384、BIBN 99(これら3つの化合物はBoehringer-In gleheimから入手可能である)、トリピトラミンおよびヒムバシン(himbacine) を含むが、これらに限定されない。 式Iの化合物、ACh放出を増進し得る化合物、およびACh'aseインヒビターから 薬学的組成物を調製するために、薬学的に受容可能な不活性キャリアが活性化合 物と混合される。薬学的に受容可能なキャリアは固体または液体のいずれでもよ い。固体形態調製物として、粉剤、錠剤、分散可能な顆粒剤、カプセル、カシェ ーおよび坐薬が挙げられる。固体キャリアは1つ以上の物質(これらの物質はま た、希釈剤、香料、可溶化剤、潤滑剤、懸濁剤、結合剤または錠剤分解剤として 作用し得る)であり得;それはまたカプセル化材料でもあり得る。 液体形態調製物として、溶液、懸濁液および乳濁液が挙げられる。一例として 、非経口注射のための水または水−プロピレングリコール溶液が挙げられ得る。 経口または非経口投与のいずれかのために使用直前に液体形態調製物に変換さ れることが意図される固体形態調製物もまた含まれる。このような液体形態とし て、溶液、懸濁液および乳濁液が挙げられる。これらの特別な固体形態調製物は 、単位用量形態で最も簡便に提供され、そして従って、1回分の液体投薬単位を 提供するために使用される。 本発明はまた、別の送達システム(経皮送達を含むが、必ずしもこれに限定さ れない)を意図する。経皮組成物はクリーム、ローションおよび/または乳濁液 の形態を取り得、そしてこの目的についての当該分野における従来技術のように 、マトリックスタイプまたはリザーバータイプの経皮パッチに含まれ得る。 好ましくは、薬学的調製物は単位投薬形態である。このような形態では、調製 物は適量の活性成分を含有する単位用量に再分割(subdivide)される。単位投 薬形態はパッケージされた調製物であり得る。このパッケージは、個別量の調製 物(例えば、バイアルまたはアンプル中にパッケージされた錠剤、カプセルおよ び粉剤)を含有する。単位投薬形態はまた、カプセル、カシェーまたは錠剤自体 であり得るか、または、パッケージされた形態の、適切な数のこれらのうちの任 意のものであってもよい。 単位用量調製物中の活性化合物の量は、特定の施用および活性成分の効能およ び意図される処置に従い、1mg〜100mgで変化し得るか、または調整し得る。こ れは約0.001mg/kg〜約20mg/kgの用量に相当し、1日当たり1回から3回の投与 に分割され得る。所望であれば、この組成物はまた他の治療剤を含んでもよい。 投薬量は、患者の必要度、処置される状態の重篤度および使用される特定の化 合物に依存して変化し得る。特定の状況に対する適切な投薬量の決定は、医療分 野の技術の範囲内である。簡便のために、1日当たりの総投薬量は分割され得、 そして1日にわたって分割量を投与され得るか、または連続的送達を提供する手 段によって投与され得る。 式Iの化合物またはACh放出を増進し得る化合物をアセチルコリンエステラー ゼインヒビターと組合せて使用して認識障害を処置する場合、これら2つの活性 成分は同時にもしくは連続的に共投与(co-administer)され得るか、あるいは 式Iの化合物またはACh放出を増進し得る化合物とアセチルコリンエステラーゼ インヒビターとを薬学的に受容可能なキャリア中に含む単一の薬学的組成物を投 与し得る。この組合せの成分は、個々にまたは一緒に、任意の従来の経口または 非経口投薬形熊(例えば、カプセル、錠剤、粉剤、カシェー、懸濁液、溶液、坐 薬、鼻腔スプレーなど)で投与され得る。アセチルコリンエステラーゼインヒビ ターの投薬量は、0.001〜100mg/kg体重の範囲であり得る。 本明細書中に開示された発明は、以下の調製物および実施例によって例示され るが、開示の範囲を制限すると解釈されるべきでない。別の機構の経路および類 似構造は当業者に明白であり得る。調製 調製1 化合物1(21.4g(130mmol))および化合物2(15.0g(108.6mmol))を丸底 フラスコに入れた。DMSO(100ml)を添加し、そして混合物を130℃まで加温し、 70時間撹拌した。反応物を冷却し、そして400gの氷中に注ぎ、そして十分に撹拌 した。混合物を濾過し、そして白色沈殿物を集め、水で洗浄した。固体をエタノ ールから再結晶した。 化合物3(13.72g、52.7mmol)をメタノール(100ml)に溶解し、そして0℃ まで冷却し、NaBH4(1.2g、31.6mmol)を少量ずつ添加した。混合物を0.5時間撹 拌し、次いで加温して還流し、4時間撹拌し、そして室温まで冷却した。溶媒を ロータリーエバポレーターで除去した。残渣を酢酸エチル(400ml)に溶解し、 そして水およびブラインで洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥し、次いで濾過した。溶媒をロ ータリーエバポレーターで除去した。 化合物4(14g、53mmol)のCH2Cl2(120ml)溶液を0℃まで冷却し、そしてCH2 Cl2(20ml)中のSOCl2(7.8ml、107mmol)を30分間にわたって添加した。混合 物を室温まで加温し、そして一晩撹拌した。ロータリーエバポレーターで揮発成 分を除去し、そして残渣を500mlの酢酸エチルに溶解した。有機溶液を水、飽和N aHCO3およびブラインで洗浄した。混合物をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾過し、そして溶 媒をロータリーエバポレーターで除去した。調製2 化合物6(25g、180mmol)をDMF(80ml)に溶解し、そして0℃まで冷却した 。水素化ナトリウム(鉱油中の60%分散体、7.2g)を窒素下で添加した。撹拌を 20分間続け、次いで反応混合物を室温まで加温し、DMF(40ml)に溶解させた化 合物5(20g、180mmol)をシリンジを用いて添加した。この溶液を100℃まで加 熱し、そして3時間撹拌し、次いで室温まで冷却した。DMFをロータリーエバポ レーターで除去し、次いで250mlの水を添加し、そしてNaOHでpHを12に調整した 。溶液を酢酸エチルで抽出し、Na2SO4で乾燥し、そして濾過した。次いで、溶媒 をロータリーエバポレーターで除去した。 化合物7(22g、100mmol)を450mlのエタノール中に溶解し、そして0℃まで 冷却した。NaBH4(1.9g、51mmol)を分括して添加した。混合物を室温まで加温 し、そして一晩撹拌した。水(300ml)を添加し、次いでロータリーエバポレー ターで除去した。酢酸エチルを残渣に添加し、次いで水で洗浄した。有機層をNa2 SO4で乾燥し、濾過し、そしてロータリエバポレーターで除去した。 化合物8(22g、100mmol)を400mlのCH2Cl2に溶解し、そして0℃まで冷却し た。SOCl2(9ml、120mmol)をCH2Cl2(50ml)に溶解し、そして窒素下にて滴下 漏斗(dropping funnel)を用いて化合物8に滴下した。添加完了後、混合物を 0℃で1/2時間、次いで室温で2時間撹拌した。溶液をEelenmeyerフラスコにデ カンテーションし、沈殿物を除いた。水層のpHが8になるまで10% NaHCO3を添 加した。これらの層を分離し、そしてCH2Cl2層をMgSO4で乾燥した。次いでこの 層を濾過し、そして溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで除去した。調製3 化合物10(54g、400mmol)を500mlのDMF中に溶解し、そして0℃まで冷却した 。撹拌しながらNaOCH3(20.5g)を分括して添加した。氷浴を除去し、そして化 合物11(68.4g、400mmol)を撹拌しながら添加した。混合物を室温で3時間、次 いで80℃で1時間撹拌し、そして室温まで冷却した。DMF溶液を200mlまで濃縮し 、次いで400mlの水および300mlの酢酸エチルをメカニカルスターラーで撹拌しな がら添加した。NaOHでpHを塩基性とし、そして有機層を分離し、MgSO4で乾燥し た。溶液を濾過し、次いで溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで除去した。 化合物12(33.4g、147mmol)を1LのCH2Cl2に溶解した。次いで、化合物13(2 5g、148mmol)およびトリエチルアミン(21ml)を添加した。この溶液にTiCl4( 1M CH2Cl2溶液、75ml)を添加した。室温で一晩(18時間)撹拌を続けた。この 反応物をNaCNBH3溶液(27g、440mmol、MeOH(150ml)中)でクエンチした。2〜3 時間の撹拌後、水を添加し、そしてNaOHでpHを13に調整した。有機層を分離し、 そしてMgSO4で乾燥し、次いで濾過し、そして溶媒を除去した。残渣を酢酸エチ ルに溶解し、そして3N HClで抽出した。これらの層を分離し、そして水層をNaOH で塩基性化した(pH=13)。CH2Cl2で水層を抽出した。次いで、CH2Cl2層をMgSO4 で乾燥し、濾過し、そしてエバポレートし、化合物14を得た。 化合物14(17g、45mmol)にエタノール(300ml)、続いて2.5g Pd(OH)2/Cを添 加した。混合物を、60 psiの水素で、1〜8時間、TLCでモニターされたParr振 盪機上に配置し、次いでCeliteを通して濾過し、そしてEtOHを除去した。残渣を 酢酸エチルに溶解し、そしてNaOHで洗浄した。次いで、水層のpHを7に調整し、 次いで、水層をCH2Cl2で抽出し、Na2SO4で乾燥し、エバポレートし、化合物IV' を得た。次いで、これをCH3CNから再結晶し、純粋なIV'を得た。調製4 (プロセスC) 鉱油中の60%水素化ナトリウム分散体4.3g(1当量)を、窒素下で火炎乾燥( flame-dry)した250mlフラスコ中に量りとった。ヘキサンで洗浄して鉱油を除去 し、そして100mlの乾燥N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドをシリンジで添加した。懸濁 液を氷水浴中で冷却し、その間に15g(1当量)の4-メトキシチオフェノールを 分括して添加した。添加完了後、混合物を室温で1時間撹拌し、そして14.6g(1 2.6mL、1.1当量)の4-フルオロベンズアルデヒドを一括で添加した。混合物を室 温で3時間撹拌し、次いで激しく撹拌しながら600mLの氷水にゆっくりと注いだ 。濾過によって黄色固体を分離し、次いで激しく撹拌しながら150mlずつのヘキ サンを用いて2回粉末化した。得られた生成物は淡黄色の粉末(23g(88%収量 ))であり、さらなる反応のために十分な純度であった。 調製5 6.75gのビス(パラメトキシフェニル)ジスルフィドと3.6mLの氷酢酸とを撹拌 し、そしてこの混合物を-40℃に冷却した。スルフリルクロライド(7.5mL)を分 括で添加し、そして固体を溶解する間、溶液を-40℃に維持した。茶色溶液を-20 ℃まで徐々に加温して、5時間撹拌し、次いで、0℃まで加温した。この間ガス が発生し、そして溶液は黒ずみ(darken)緑色となった。揮発成分を真空下で除 去し、そして粗製物質を直ちに次の反応で使用した。調製6 6.9g(39.1mm)の(1R,2S)-2-フェニルシクロヘキサノール(J.K.Whitesell,M -S Wong,J.Org.Chem.,56(14),P.4552,1991に従って調製された)を乾燥ピリ ジン(6mL)を含む乾燥THF(150ml)中に溶解した。溶液を-78℃まで冷却し、そ してパラ-メトキシフェニルスルフィニルクロライド(対応するジスルフィド(6 .75g)から誘導された)をゆっくりと添加した。-78℃で1時間撹拌した際、溶 液は白色沈殿を生じた。反応物を飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムでクエンチし、酢酸エ チルで希釈し、そして炭酸水素塩溶液およびブラインで抽出した。有機層を硫酸 ナトリウムで乾燥し、濃縮し、そしてカラムクロマトグラフィー(10%酢酸エチ ル/ヘキサンから25%酢酸エチル/ヘキサンの勾配)にかけて精製した。重要でな いジアステレオマーをわずかに含む所望のスルフィネート(10g(78%))を得 た。このジアステレオマーを、ヘキサン/酢酸エチルからの結晶化によって精製 した。この手順は粗生成物にも適用可能である。調製7 1.25gのマグネシウムターニング(magnesium turning)(52mm、2.3当量)を5 mlの乾燥THF中で撹拌した。1滴の1,2-ジブロモエタン、次いで少量の(およそ 1g)の4-ブロモベンズアルデヒドジエチルアセタールを添加した。この溶液を 加熱し、グリニャール試薬の形成を開始し、そして残りのアセタール(計11.2g 、45mm、2当量)をTHF(計25mL)と共に、分括して添加した。混合物を加熱し 、45分間還流した。次いで室温まで冷却した。従って、得られたグリニャール溶 液 を、0℃、150mLの乾燥トルエン中の出発物質のスルフィネートエステル(7.5g 、22.6mm)の溶液に分括して添加した。1時間後、反応物を飽和炭酸水素ナトリ ウム溶液でクエンチし、酢酸エチルで希釈し、そしてブラインで抽出した。有機 層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濃縮し、そして短いカラムクロマトグラフィー( 25%酢酸エチル/ヘキサン)にかけて精製し、回収されたキラルアルコールおよ び所望のアセタールを得、次の反応に直接使用した。調製8 7.5gのスルフィネートエステルの反応から得られたアセタールを蒸留水(10mL )を含むTHF(60mL)中に取った。触媒量のパラトルエンスルホン酸を添加し、 そして溶液を60℃に加温した。3時間後、混合物を室温まで冷却し、酢酸エチル で希釈し、そして飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム溶液で抽出した。有機層を硫酸ナトリ ウムで乾燥し、濃縮し、所望のアルデヒドを結晶性固体として得た(5.42g)( 2工程にわたって97%)。調製9 2g(8.17mm)の4-(4-メトキシフェニル)チオベンズアルデヒド(出発物質) と1.75g(80%の1当量)のメタ-クロロ過安息香酸とを、0℃で、40mLのジクロ ロメタン中に取った。30分後、さらに300mgのMCPBAを添加し、そして反応物を30 分より長く撹拌した。この溶液を酢酸エチルで希釈し、そして飽和炭酸水素ナト リウムで抽出した。有機層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濃縮し、そして生成物を 酢酸エチル/ヘキサンから再結晶し、1.65gの第1のクロップを得た。実施例1 (プロセスA) 化合物II'(1.0g、3.5mmol)をDMF(10ml)に溶解し、次いでK2CO3(1.5g)を 添加した。次に、化合物III'(0.66g、3.9mmol)を添加した。混合物を50℃まで 加温し、そして撹拌しながら18時間維持した。混合物を室温まで冷却し、そして 酢酸エチル(EtOAc)(150ml)を添加した。有機層を水(5×50ml)および飽和 NaCl(1×25ml)で洗浄した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾過し、そして揮発成 分をロータリーエバポレーターで除去した。得られたオイルを、シリカゲル上で 溶媒として酢酸エチルを用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーにかけて精製した。実施例2 (プロセスA) 固体状塩化物(770mg)に、CH3CN(5mL)中の2当量のシクロヘキシルピペラ ジン溶液を添加した。混合物を、還流温度で撹拌しながら2時間加熱し、次いで 18時間静置した。得られた固体をEtOAc:水(1:1)中で懸濁した。水層を固体K2C O3で塩基性化した。有機層を水で数回洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥し、そしてエバポレ ートして、粗生成物を得た。これをシリカゲル(TLCグレード)のカラム上でク ロマトグラフィー(溶出液としてCH2Cl2:EtOH:NH4OH(50:3:1))にかけて精製 した。実施例3 (プロセスB) 乾燥DMF中の化合物IV'(1当量)の氷***液に、窒素下、0.9当量のNaH(鉱油 中60%分散体)を添加した。20分後、2-クロロピリミジン(0.9当量)を添加し た。溶液を100℃で4時間加熱した。室温まで冷却後、水(DMF1ml当たり10ml) を添加し、そして溶液を酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機抽出物をMgSO4で乾燥し、 そしてエバポレートして粗生成物を得た。次いで、この粗生成物をカラムクロマ トグラフィー(シリカゲル(TCLグレード)、溶出液としてCH2Cl2:EtOH:NH4OH( 50:3:1))によって精製した。実施例4 (プロセスC) アセトニトリル(5ml)中の化合物VI'(0.25g、0.73mmol)の溶液に、化合物V II'の溶液(0.12g、0.73mmol、3mlのアセトニトリルに溶解)を添加した。混合 物を室温(20℃)で0.5時間撹拌し、次いで45℃まで加温し、そして6時間撹拌 した。混合物を室温まで冷却し、そして酢酸エチル(150ml)を添加し、そして 有機層を飽和NaCl(1×50ml)で洗浄した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥した。有機層 を濾過し、揮発成分をロータリーエバポレーターで除去した。得られたオイルを 、50gのシリカゲルおよび溶媒として9:1 CH2Cl2/MeOH(NH4OHで飽和させたもの )を用いるフラッシュクロマトグラフィーによって精製した。0.19gのシロップ を集めた。実施例5(プロセスD) 2g(8.17mmol)の4-(4-メトキシフェニル)チオベンズアルデヒド(VIII') (出発物質)および1.65g(10ml、1.2当量)のN-シクロヘキシルピペラジン(X' )を、室温、窒素雰囲気下で1mLの乾燥ジクロロメタンに取った。2.9mL(10mmo l、1.2当量)のテトライソプロポキシドチタンをシリンジを用いて添加し、そし て得られた溶液を室温で18時間撹拌した。この間に反応物は白色沈殿物となった 。反応物を氷水浴中で冷却し、その間にジエチルアルミニウムシアニドの1モル のトルエン溶液(2当量)16.3mLをシリンジで分括で添加した。得られた赤/茶 色の均一溶液を室温で30分間撹拌した。反応物を酢酸エチル(100mL)の添加に よって希釈し、そして激しく撹拌しながら水(25mL)をゆっくりと添加してクエ ンチした。1時間後、無機固体をCeliteを通した濾過によって除去し、そして濾 液を飽和ブライン溶液で洗浄し、そして無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。生成物 を濃縮し、次いでカラムクロマトグラフィー(アセトン/ヘキサン勾配)にかけ て精製し、3.29gの所望の生成物を得た(95%収率)。実施例6 シアノ化合物からアミドへの加水分解 出発物質であるニトリル2g(4.6mm)を、粉末状水酸化カリウム(1.2g(21m m))を含むtert-ブタノール(25mL)中で撹拌した。混合物を加熱し、30分間還 流し、室温まで冷却し、そして250mLの水で希釈した。溶液を酢酸エチルで2回 抽出し、そして有機層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。エバポレートによって、ア ミド(2g、96%)を無定形固体として得、これはさらに精製することなく次の 反応に使用し得る。実施例7 アミドから酸への加水分解 出発物質であるアミド0.95g(2.1mm)を4N塩酸(20mL)中に取った。反応物を 加熱し、16時間還流した。溶液の容量を真空下で減らすと、所望の生成物の二塩 酸塩が沈殿した。固体を濾過によって単離し、そして乾燥エチルエーテルで洗浄 し、0.85gの生成物を得た(77%収率)。この固体は、さらに精製することなく 使用するに適切であった。実施例8 メチルエステルの形成 メタノール性HCl溶液を、3mLの塩化アセチルを50mLの乾燥メタノールに添加す ることによって調製した。この溶液に、出発物質である酸(400ミリグラム(0.8 8mm))を添加した。フラスコを、新しい活性化モレキュラーシーブ(3Å)を 含むSoxhlet抽出シンブルに取り付け、溶液を加熱し、16時間還流した。反応物 を室温まで冷却し、そしてこの酸を固体炭酸ナトリウムで中和した。この溶液を 300mLのジクロロメタンで希釈し、そして蒸留水で洗浄した。有機層を硫酸マグ ネシウムで乾燥し、そしてカラムクロマトグラフィー(3%メタノール/ジクロ ロメタン)にかけで精製し、310ミリグラム(76%)の所望の生成物を得た。実施例9 テトラゾールの形成 250ミリグラム(0.57mm)のニトリル(出発物質)を、窒素雰囲気下、トリメ チルシリルアジド(0.15mL、2当量)および酸化ジブチルスズ(14ミリグラム、 1当量)を含む乾燥トルエン(4mL)中に取った。溶液を100℃で48時間加熱し 、 ここで、さらに当量のアジドおよびスズ試薬を添加し、そして溶液をさらに24時 間加熱した。反応物を室温まで冷却し、そしてエバポレートし、茶色固体を得た 。これを分取薄層クロマトグラフィー(20%メタノール/ジクロロメタン)にか けて精製した。27ミリグラムの所望のテトラゾールを単離した。実施例10 テトラゾールのアルキル化 20ミリグラム(0.57mm)のテトラゾール(出発物質)を、0℃で、ジアゾメタ ンのエーテル性溶液(過剰)で処理した。10分後、溶液は均一化し、そしてさら に30分後、溶液をエバポレートし、そして分取薄層クロマトグラフィー(7.5% メタノール/ジクロロメタン)にかけて精製した。10ミリグラムの生成物を単離 した。実施例11 (プロセスE) メチルエステルのアルキル化 100ミリグラム(0.2mm)のエステル(出発物質)を、窒素雰囲気下、0℃で、 4mLの乾燥テトラヒドロフランに取った。0.53mL(0.26mm、1.3当量)のヘキサ メチルジシラジドカリウム溶液(トルエン中0.5M)をシリンジを用いて添加した 。得られた溶液を10分間撹拌した。次いで、0.02mLのヨードメタン(1.3当量) をシリンジを用いて添加した。反応物を20分間撹拌し(この間に室温まで加温し )、次いで50mLの酢酸エチルを添加して希釈し、そして飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム 溶液およびブラインで抽出した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濃縮し 、そして分取薄層クロマトグラフィー(5%メタノール/ジクロロメタン)にか けて精製し、24ミリグラムの所望の生成物を得た。実施例12 シアノ化合物のα-アルキル化 200ミリグラム(0.46mm)のニトリル(出発物質)を、窒素雰囲気下、0℃で 、 10mLの乾燥テトラヒドロフランに取った。1.2mL(0.6mm、1.3当量)のヘキサメ チルジシラジドカリウム溶液(トルエン中0.5M)をシリンジを用いて添加した。 得られたオレンジ色の溶液を10分間撹拌した。0.05mLのヨードメタン(1.3当量 )をシリンジによって添加すると、溶液は無色になった。反応物を20分間撹拌し (この間に室温まで加温し)、次いで、100mLの酢酸エチルを添加して希釈し、 そして飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム溶液およびブラインで抽出した。有機層を無水硫 酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濃縮し、そしてカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン/ 酢酸エチルの勾配)にかけて精製し、190ミリグラムの所望の生成物(92%収率 )を徐々に固体化するオイルとして得た。実施例13 スルフィドからスルホキシドへの酸化 出発物質であるスルフィド1.82g(4.4mm)を、ジクロロメタン(20mL)および ジクロロメタン中のメタンスルホン酸0.5N溶液(17mL)に溶解した。0℃で、1. 15gの市販MCPBA(純度60〜80%)を添加し、そして溶液を30分間撹拌した。反応 混合物を酢酸エチルで希釈し、そして飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムで抽出した。有機 層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、濃縮し、そしてカラムクロマトグラフィー(75% 酢酸エチル/ヘキサンから5%メタノール/酢酸エチルの勾配)にかけて精製し、 1.22gの所望のスルホキシドおよび0.4gの対応するスルホンを得た。実施例14 化合物300,301、302、304および760の合成 工程1: 50mlのNaOH水溶液(20%w/w)中の501(5.0g)の撹拌混合物に、50mlのジエチルエ ーテル中に溶解したジ-t-ブチルオキシジカルボネート(3.4g、1.2当量)を0℃に て添加した。冷却浴を取り除き、そして混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した。2相を 分離し、そして水相を2×50mlの酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機相をNa2SO4 で乾燥し、濾過し、そして濃縮して粗生成物を得た。シリカゲルのフラッシュ クロマトグラフィー(10%EtOAc-Hex)により精製し、3.5g(89%)の502を白色固体 として得た(融点:89℃〜90℃)。 工程2: NaH(460mg、鉱油中で60%)を乾燥ヘキサンで洗浄し、そして8mlの乾燥DMFと共 に撹拌した。この混合物に、4-メトキシチオフェノールをシリンジで添加した。 混合物を室温で20分間撹拌した。その間にスラリーは透明溶液になった。8mlのD MF中に溶解した化合物502を滴下し、そして混合物を室温で一晩撹拌した。水(80 ml)を添加し、そして混合物を3×100mlのEtOAcで抽出した。合わせた有機相をNa2 SO4で乾燥し、濾過し、そして濃縮して粗生成物を得た。シリカゲルのフラッシ ュクロマトグラフィー(20%EtOAc-Hex)により精製し、3.6g(74%)の503を白色固 体として得た(融点:105℃〜107℃)。 工程3: 40mlの乾燥THF中の503(1.5g)の溶液にMeMgBr(1.15ml、エーテル中で3.0M)を 0℃にて添加した。混合物を、0℃で1時間撹拌し、そして20mlの10%KHSO4で クエンチした。水相を、2×50mlの酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機相をNa2 SO4で乾燥し、濾過し、そして濃縮して粗生成物を得た。シリカゲルのフラッシ ュクロマトグラフィー(30%EtOAc-Hex)により精製し、1.3g(96%)の504を固体とし て得た(融点:129℃〜130℃) 工程4: 1.3gの504を5mlのTFAと15mlとのCH2Cl2との混合物中に0℃にて溶解した。冷 却浴を取り除き、そして混合物を室温で2時間撹拌し、飽和重炭酸塩で0℃にて クエンチし、そして水相をEtOAcで抽出した。合わせた有機相をNa2SO4で乾燥し 、濾過し、そして濃縮して白色固体化合物505を得た。この化合物を、さらに精 製 することなく次の工程で使用した。 工程5: 工程4の白色固体を10mlの塩化メチレンに溶解し、そしてこの溶液に350mgの シクロヘキサノンを添加し、続いて1.3gのチタン(IV)イソプロポキシドを添加し た。混合物を室温で一晩撹拌した。2mlのメタノール中に溶解した440mgのNaCNBH3 を0℃にて添加し、そして混合物を室温でさらに3時間撹拌した。混合物を水 でクエンチし、そしてEtOAcで抽出した。合わせた有機相をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾 過し、そして濃縮して粗生成物を得た。シリカゲルのフラッシュクロマトグラフ ィー(100%EtOAc)により精製して、0.5g(40%)の化合物302を白色固体として得た 。固体を、酢酸エチル中に溶解し、そして2〜3当量の精乾燥HClで処理した。 混合物を減圧下で乾燥するまでエバポレートして塩化水素を得た(融点:227℃〜 230℃)。 工程6: 60mlのEtOAcおよび60mlのCH2Cl2中の350mgの化合物302の撹拌溶液に、1.7mlの MeSO3H(CH2Cl2中で0.5M)を添加し、続いて262mgのmCPBA(50%〜60%)を-40℃にて 添加した。混合物を0℃にし、そして飽和重炭酸塩溶液(100ml)でクエンチした 。混合物を3×100mlのEtOAcで抽出した。合わせた有機相をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾 過し、そして濃縮して粗生成物を得た。シリカゲルのフラッシュクロマトグラフ ィー(15%EtOH-EtOAc)により精製して0.2g(55%)の化合物304を白色固体として得 た。 Chiralcel OJカラムの化合物304のHPLC分離;(Chiral Technologies,Inc.,Ex ton、PA): 化合物304を以下の条件下で100mg〜200mgのスケールで分離した: 溶媒系:0.1%ジエチルアミン/3%エタノール/ヘキサン 流速:160ml/分 保持時間:エナンチオマーAに対して70分(化合物300、融点:141〜142) エナンチオマーBに対して90分(化合物301、融点:141) 化合物760の合成 化合物505(0.375g、1.15mmol)および4-カルボエトキシシクロヘキサノン(carb oethoxycyclohexanonone)(0.294g、1.72mmol)を6mLのCH2Cl2中に溶解した。次い で反応混合物を0℃に冷却し、続いてTi(i-PrO)4(1.3mL、4.42mmol)を添加した 。反応混合物を室温で一晩撹拌した。この際、TLCは出発物質がないことを示し た。反応混合物をMeOH(2mL)中のNaCNBH3(0.364g、5.8mmol)の溶液にゆっくり添 加した。次いで反応混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した。50mLの1N NaOHを添加し、 続いて50mLの酢酸エチルを添加して反応をクエンチした。反応混合物を室温で1 時間撹拌し、次いで酢酸エチル(50mL×3)で抽出した。有機層をNaHCO3で乾燥し た。溶媒を除去し、そして残渣をシリカゲルカラム(5%メタノール/CH2Cl2)で 分離してスルフィド(0.46g、収率83%)をオイルとして得た。 スルフィド(0.038g、0.08mmol)を2mLのHOAcに溶解し、続いてNaBO3/4H2O(0.03 7g、0.24mmol)を添加した。反応混合物を室温で一晩撹拌した。この際TLCは、出 発物質がないことを示した。次いで反応混合物に、塩基性になるまで1N NaOHを 添加した。反応混合物を酢酸エチル(20mL×3)で抽出した。有機相をNaHCO3で乾 燥した。溶媒を除去し、そして残渣をシリカゲルカラム(5%メタノール/CH2Cl2) で分離してSch 65546(0.007mg、収率17%)をオイルとして得た。 実施例15 化合物306の合成 511の調製 20mlの酢酸中の25mmolのシクロヘキサノン溶液に62.5mmolのシクロヘキシルピ ペラジンを添加した。この系をN2でブランケットし、そして31.3mmolのTMS-シア ニドを添加する。次いで、溶液をN2下60℃で約20時間加熱する。酢酸をロータリ ーエバポレーターで除去し、そして残渣を100mlの水で処理する。これを、EtOAc (3×50ml)で抽出する。有機相を100mlの水で洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥し、そしてエ バポレートして粗生成物をオイルとして得る。このオイルを、100:3:1のCH2Cl2: EtOH:NH4OHを溶離液として用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製する。オ イルを得、このオイル10gを100mlのCH2Cl2および50mlの水中に溶解し、次いでpH が8になるまでK2CO3で塩基性にした。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥し、そしてエバポ レートして6.6gの淡黄色の粉末を得た。 化合物306の調製: 三ツ口の丸底フラスコに5.4mmolのMgを入れ、そしてフラスコに冷却器、滴下 漏斗および窒素注入口(inlet)を取り付ける。この系を窒素下で火炎乾燥する。 ブロモジフェニルエーテル(bromodiphenyylether)(5.4mmol)を無水THF(10ml)に 溶解し、そして滴下する。エチレンジブロマイド、ヨウ素の滴下および必要に応 じた加温は、グリニャール形成を開始するのに必要であり得る。一旦開始される と、混合物は、全てのMgが溶解するまで加熱還流される。次に5mlの乾燥THF中の 1.8mmolのシアノアミン511溶液を添加し、還流を続け、そして反応をTLCにより 追跡する。 反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、そして飽和NH4Cl溶液(10ml)の添加によりクエ ンチする。これを、10mlの水で希釈し、そして15mlのEtOAc(3×)で抽出する。有 機抽出物をNa2SO4で乾燥し、そしてエバポレートして粗生成物をオイルとして得 る。このオイルを、溶離液としてエーテル/EtOAcを用いたカラムクロマトグラ フィーにより精製する。370mlの無色透明のオイルを得た。 ジマレイン酸塩を10mlのEtOAc中にオイルを溶解することにより調製し、そし て200mgのマレイン酸で処理した。白色粉末を得た(510mg、融点:144〜146)。 実施例16 化合物303の合成 シクロヘキサノンの代わりに以下の式の化合物を用いること以外は、実施例1 5を繰り返す: 化合物303をジマレエートとして得る: 実施例17 NaH(334mg、60%のオイル懸濁物)を15mlのヘキサンで洗浄し、次いで5mlのDMF と共に撹拌した。化合物522(1.03ml)を溶媒なしで添加し、混合物を室温で20分 間撹拌し、1.7mlの熱DMF中の521(還元アルキル化により得られた2.42g)の溶液を 添加し、そして得られた混合物を室温で2日間撹拌した。混合物を水でクエンチ し、そして酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出物をSiO2のフラッシュクロマトグラフィ ーにより精製して3.0gの生成物523を得た(融点:128℃〜129℃)。 m-クロロ過安息香酸(MCPBA、81mg)を、50mlの酢酸エチル中の523(105mg)およびM eSO3H(CH2Cl2、1.0ml中、0.5M)の溶液に-40℃にて添加した。十分なCH2Cl2をこ の温度で添加して固体を溶解し、そして混合物を室温まで加温した。混合物を過 剰 のNaHCO3溶液でクエンチし、そして酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出物を濃縮し、そ して20%のエタノール−酢酸エチルを用いて展開する分取薄層クロマトグラフィ ーにより精製して化合物305のN-オキシドを得た。この物質をCH2Cl2中に溶解し 、CS2を添加し、そして得られた混合物を室温で3時間撹拌した。揮発性物質を エバポレートし、そして上記のような分取TLCにより残渣を精製して化合物305を 得た(融点:125℃)。 実施例18(プロセスF) プロセスFに示される化合物3〜10の調製(ここで Rは4-メトキシフェニルであり、R3およびR4はHであり、R1は(S)-CH3であり、 そしてR27は(R)-CH3である)ならびに化合物(3)の調製 CH2Cl2(100mL)中の無水トリフルオロ酢酸(19mL)の氷冷却溶液に、CH2Cl2(25mL )中の(S)-(-)-α-メチルベンジルアミン(12.2g)を15分かけて撹拌しながら添加 し、次いで室温で1時間撹拌する。氷で冷却し、そしてメタンスルホン酸(40mL) を添加し、次いで粉末のジブロモジメチルヒダントイン(15g)を添加する。溶解 するまで撹拌し、次いで光を遮断して室温で20時間保存する。氷H2O(100mL)中の NaHSO3の撹拌溶液に添加し、5分間撹拌し、分離して、CH2Cl2で抽出し、合わせ た有機物をH2Oで洗浄し、そして乾燥(MgSO4)する。30gのフラッシュシリカで濾 過し、そしてCH2Cl2(300mL)で溶出する。全溶離液を乾燥するまでエバポレート し、Et2O(100mL)を添加し、10分間撹拌し、そしてヘキサンを添加する(500mL)。 0.5時間撹拌し、濾過し、ヘキサンで洗浄し、そして乾燥して4-ブロモ化合物(12 .3g)を白色結晶として得る。 融点:153℃〜155℃、マススペクトル:MH+=296/298 化合物(4)の調製 乾燥THF(160mL)中の化合物(3)(11.95g)の溶液をN2下で-70℃まで冷却し、メチ ルリチウム(Et2O中で1.4M、28.8mL)を添加する。5分間撹拌し、次いでn-ブチル リチウム(ヘキサン中で2.5M、17mL)を添加する。5分間撹拌し、次いで4-メトキ シベンゼンスルホニルフルオライド(16g)を添加する。冷却浴を取り除き、0.5時 間撹拌し、1N-HCl水溶液(200mL)を添加し、そしてCH2Cl2で抽出する。H2Oで洗浄 し、乾燥し(MgSO4)、そして15gパッドのフラッシュシリカゲルで濾過し、5%Et2 O-CH2Cl2で洗浄し、そしてエバポレートする。Et2O-ヘキサンで再結晶し、そし て乾燥して、オフホワイトの結晶としてスルホン(13.4g)を得る。 融点:97℃〜100℃、マススペクトル:MH+=388 化合物(5)の調製 H2O(15mL)およびエタノール(120mL)中の化合物(4)(17.5g)とNaOH(6g)との混合 物を蒸気浴で2時間還流する。冷却し、H2Oを添加し、そしてCH2Cl2で抽出する 。K2CO3で乾燥し、濾過し、そしてエバポレートする。Et2O-ヘキサンで固体にな るまで粉末化し、濾過し、そして乾燥して白色固体としてアミン(10.4g)を得る 。 融点:113℃〜115℃、マススペクトル:MH+=292 化合物(6)の調製 CH2Cl2(20mL)中の化合物(5)(1.46g)の溶液、およびH2O(10mL)中の炭酸カリウ ム(2g)の溶液に、エチル(S)-ラクテートトリフルオロメタンスルホネート(1.1g) を添加し、そして室温で5時間撹拌した。水で洗浄し、乾燥(MgSO4)し、エバポ レートし、そして溶離液としてCH2Cl2中の0%〜15%のEt2O勾配を用いて溶出す る、フラッシュシリカゲル上でクロマトグラフする。精製画分をエバポレートし 、そしてヘキサンで粉末化して結晶性エステル(1.90g)を得る。 融点:56℃〜58℃、マススペクトル:MH+=392 化合物(7)の調製 化合物(6)(1.73g)、アセトニトリル(15mL)、無水炭酸ナトリウム(1.5g)、およ びヨウ化酢酸エチル(1.4mL)の混合物を48時間還流する。H2O-CH2Cl2中で後処理 し、乾燥(MgSO4)し、そしてエバポレートする。CH2Cl2中の0%〜10%のEt2O勾配 を用いてシリカ上でクロマトグラフし、そして適切な精製画分をエバポレートし て固体生成物(1.46g)を分離して得、そして出発物質のアミノエステル(0.53g)を 回収する。 融点:69℃〜71℃、マススペクトル:MH+=478 化合物(8)の調製 THF(15mL)中の水素化アルミニウムリチウム(0.45g)を、N2下氷冷却しながら撹 拌し、そしてTHF(25mL)中のジエステル(7)(1.30g)の溶液を2〜3分かけて添加 する。0.5時間氷中で撹拌し、EtOAc(5mL)を滴下し、次いで溶液を撹拌氷冷却2N- NaOH溶液(50mL)に添加する。分離し、3:1 Et2O:CH2Cl2で水溶液を抽出し、合わ せ、乾燥し、そして有機物をエバポレートし、そして少量のEt2Oで粉末化してジ オール(0.88g)を白色固体として得る。 融点:123℃〜125℃、マススペクトル:MH+=394。 混合物(10)の調製 化合物(8)(0.125g)、塩化チオニル(0.25mL)、および1,2-ジクロロエタン(5mL) の混合物を1.5時間還流し、エバポレートし、3mLのジクロロエタンで共エバポレ ートし、そして高減圧下で乾燥して、次の工程に使用するのに適したジクロロ化 合物の混合物を淡黄色の発泡体として得る。 化合物番号730および803の調製 これらの化合物は、プロセスfに示す化合物11および12の実施例である。 ジオール(0.125g)を上記のジクロライドに転化し、次いでこの生成物を、アセ トニトリル(2.5mL)中でトランス-4-アミノシクロヘキサノールヒドロクロライド (0.32g)、ヨウ化ナトリウム(0.5g)、およびジイソプロピルエチルアミン(0.6mL) と共に2時間還流する。冷却し、そしてH2O-CH2Cl2に分配する。乾燥し、そして 有機相をエバポレートし、そして残渣を分取TLCにかけて、アセトンで溶出する 。分離したバンドを1:1 CH2Cl2:MeOHで抽出し、エバポレートし、そして高減圧 下で乾燥して遊離塩基を発泡体として得る。 極性の低いバンド(0.056g)は、化合物番号730である。これをCH2Cl2(2mL)中に 溶解し、そして4M HCl-ジオキサン(0.4mL)を含有する撹拌Et2O(15mL)に添加する 。遠心分離し、エーテル(2×15mL)中で懸濁遠心分離により洗浄し、そしてN2下 で 乾燥してジヒドロクロライドを白色粉末として得る。 融点:195℃〜205℃(分解)、マススペクトル:MH+=473。 より極性の高いバンド(0.076g)は、化合物803である。これを上記のヒドロク ロライドに転化する。 融点:215℃〜225℃(分解)、マススペクトルMH+=473。 実施例19(プロセスG) 化合物667および656の調製 50mLのTHF中のアルデヒド(調製4、プロセスCの化合物VII'、4.9g、0.02mol) の溶液を氷水浴中で冷却し、そしてメチルマグネシウムブロマイド(8.5mL、3.0M )をゆっくり添加した。0.5時間後、16時間撹拌を続けながら温度を室温まで加温 した。酢酸エチルで希釈し、そして水を添加した後、有機層を水、ブラインで洗 浄し、そして濃縮した。減圧下で乾燥して黄色のオイル(5.1g)を得た。これをさ らに精製することなく使用した。 スルフィドのジクロロメタン(150mL)溶液を氷水浴中で冷却し、ここでMCPBA(1 1.7g、60%)を添加した。1時間撹拌後、温度を室温まで加温し、そして16時間 撹拌した。酢酸エチルで希釈後、反応物を10%の炭酸ナトリウム、水、ブライン で洗浄した。溶液を濃縮し、そして酢酸エチルでクロマトグラフすることにより 精製してスルホンアルコールを得た。 無水テトラヒドロフラン(5mL)中のp-アニシルチオアセトフェノン1(0.8g、3. 1mmol)の透明な淡黄色溶液に、(S)-オキサボロリジン触媒2(0.168g、0.6mmol) を添加し、そして室温で15分間撹拌した。テトラヒドロフラン中のボラン−メチ ルスルフィドの溶液(2M、Aldrich Chemicalsから入手;1.86mmol;0.93mL)を、 ケトン1および触媒2の溶液に室温で6分かけて滴下した。10分撹拌した後、薄 層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)は、出発物質がないことを示し、そして新しい、僅 かに極性の高いスポットの形成を示した。メタノール(5mL)を添加し、そして15 分間撹拌することにより反応をクエンチした。ロータリーエバポレーター上の揮 発性物質を除去し、そして残渣を塩化メチレン(50mL)中に溶解した。有機抽出物 を水、1NのHCl、水、10%NaHCO3、ブラインで洗浄し、そして硫酸マグネシウムで 乾燥した。有機抽出物を濃縮して、カルビノール3を透明の淡黄色オイルとして 得た(0.76g;収率94%)。 HPLC:AS-カラム(ヘキサン中、5%i-PrOH);Rt:約19分;R:S=97:3(94%ee/R- アルコール) [α]D=+26.1(c=0.1;CHCl3) 無水ジクロロエタン(8mL)中の3(0.76g、2.92mmol)の透明な淡黄色溶液を、固 体NaHCO3(0.6g;7mmol)および固体メタ−クロロペルオキシ安息香酸(1.1g;6.43mm ol)で室温にて連続的に処理した。フラスコに還流冷却器を備え付け、そして反 応混合物を加熱還流した。8時間後のTLCは、3が存在しないことを示し、そし てより極性の高いスポットの形成を示した。反応混合物を室温まで冷却した。有 機層をナトリウム塩の白色沈殿物からデカンテーションし、固体の残渣を塩化メ チレン(2×20mL)で洗浄した。合わせた有機抽出物を水、10%Na2S2O3溶液、水、 10%NaHCO3溶液、およびブラインで洗浄した。有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥 し、そして濃縮して約0.8gの淡黄色固体を得た。フラッシュシリカゲルクロマト グラフィー(20% EtOAc-CH2Cl2)により白色固体として0.75g(1から88%)のスルホ ンを得た。融点:125℃〜126℃ [α]D=+22.1(C=0.095;CHCl3) ジクロロメタン(30mL)中のアルコール(4.0g、13.6mmol)の懸濁物にトリエチル アミン(2.75g、27.2mmol)を添加した。混合物を氷/水浴中で冷却し、そしてメ タンスルホニルクロライド(1.87g、16.3mmol)を滴下した。1時間後混合物をジ クロロメタンで希釈し、そして水、2%HCl水、10%NaHCO3およびブラインで洗浄し た。硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒をエバポレートして粗生成物をガムとして得 た。それをさらに精製することなく使用した。 2-(R)-メチルピペラジン(30g、0.3mol)およびシクロヘキサノン(32g、0.33mo l)を塩化メチレン(60mL)に溶解し、そして氷/水浴中、冷却した。ここでチタン (IV)イソプロポキシド(93g、0.33mol)の溶液を滴下した。撹拌を0℃で1時間続 け、次いで室温で16時間撹拌した。メタノール(200mL)中の水素化シアノホウ素 ナトリウム(21g、0.33mol)を24時間撹拌しながら添加した。混合物を1Lの酢酸エ チルで希釈し、そして400mLの10%NaOHと共に1時間撹拌した。白色沈殿物を含有 する水溶液を捨てた。有機層を水およびブラインで洗浄し、続いてロータリーエ バポレーターで濃縮した。残渣を25:1CH2Cl2/MeOH(アンモニア水で飽和)のフ ラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。収率50%。 工程2(4.8g、13mmol)からのメシレートおよび1-シクロヘキシル-3(R)-メチル ピペラジン(3.5g、19.4mmol)を40mLCH3CN中に溶解し、そして24時間撹拌を続け ながら60℃まで加熱し、次いで8時間還流した。溶媒を除去し、そして残渣を酢 酸エチルに溶解した。有機層を10%炭酸ナトリウムおよびブラインで洗浄した。 溶媒をエバポレートして、そして残渣を4:1ジクロロメタン/アセトンでクロマ トグラフした。工程1aが使用される場合、2つのジアステレオマー(化合物656お よび667)を1:1の比で回収した(656:Rf0.40、酢酸エチル:元素分析:計算値:C 68.39、H 7.95、N 6.13、S 7.02、実測値:C 68.01、H 8.02、N 6.09、S 7.05 。667:Rf 0.30、酢酸エチル:実測値:C 68.06、H 8.08、N 6.18、S 6.84)。 工程1bを(S)-オキサボロリジンを出発物質として使用する場合、次いで生成物は 656であり、(R)-オキサボロリジン触媒は667を与える。 出発物質の適当な選択により、後の化合物を調製した。これらの表において、 以下の適用に留意する。 t-BOCは、t-ブチルオキシカルボニル(t-butloxycarbonyl)を意味する。化合物 の番号付けは、一貫していない。化合物番号の後の(+)または(-)は、データを与 えるための立体異性体の施光性を示す。化合物番号の後の「イソA」または「イ ソB」は、施光性に関係なく同一の構造式を有する化合物の異なる立体異性体へ のAまたはBの割り当てを示す。キラル原子が同定される場合、「イソA」、また は「イソB」は、この原子の置換基の後列記される。NBAは、ニトロベンジルアル コールである。G/TGは、グリセロール/チオグリセロールである。Chexは、シク ロヘキシルを意味する。 類似の様式により、前述の表の化合物600〜804は、以下の物理的データにおい て製造された: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION                    As a muscarinic antagonist                    Benzylpiperidine and piperazineBackground of the Invention   The present invention relates to di-N-substituted piperazines and 1,4 -Di-substituted piperidines, pharmaceutical compositions containing this compound, treatment with this compound A method, and wherein said compound and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Related to the use of combinations.   Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders have received much attention recently, Treatment for these diseases has not been very successful. Melchiorre et al. (J. Med. Chem. According to (1993), 36, 3734-3737), M2 muscarinic receptors are selectively antagonized. Compounds that agonize may have impaired cognition, particularly with respect to the M1 muscarinic receptor. Should have activity against Baumgold et al. (Eur. J. of Pharmacol., 251, (1 994) 315-317) is a highly selective m2 muscarinic antagonist, Disclosed is α-Chloroimperialine.   The present invention is based on the finding that some of them are more selective than the m2 selectivity of 3-α-chloroimperialin. Di-N-substituted piperazine and 1,4-di-substituted pipettes with even higher m2 selectivity Based on the discovery of lysine classes. Logemann et al. (Brit. J. Pharmacol. (1961), 17, 2) 86-296) describe certain di-N-substituted piperazines, which are compounds of the present invention. Different from things. In addition, the compounds of Logemann et al. Have activity against cognitive impairment. And was not disclosed.Summary of the Invention   The present invention is directed to all isomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and Compounds of structural formula I, including With regard to   Wherein one of Y and Z is N, and the other is N, CH, or C-alkyl. Is;   X is -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SOTwo-, -NR6-, -CO-, -CHTwo-, -CS-, -C (ORFive)Two-, -C (S RFive)Two-, -CONR20-, -C (alkyl)Two-, -C (H) (alkyl)-, -NR20-SOTwo-, -NR20CO- ,               p. 2 Lower chemical formula Is;   R is   Hydrogen, acyl, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, up to 2 alkyl Substituted with cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl, aryl Alkenyl, benzyl, up to three independently selected RThreeGroups substituted with groups Benzyl, cycloalkylalkyl, polyhaloacyl, benzyloxyalkyl, Hydroxy CTwo~ C20Alkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkylarylsulfo Nil, alkoxycarbonylaminoacyl, alkylsulfonyl, or aryl Rusulfonyl, and X is -CHTwoIf-, R can also be -OH; La In addition, when X is not N, R can also be hydroxymethyl, R and X are combined to form Prot- (NOAA)r-NH- group, where r is 1 Where Prot is a nitrogen protecting group, and when r is 1, NOAA is A naturally occurring amino acid or an enantiomer thereof, or wherein r is 2 to 4, each NOAA is an independently selected naturally occurring amino acid or its amino acid. Enantiomeric peptides;   R1And Rtwenty oneIs independently alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl Loalkenyl, bicycloalkyl, alkynyl, cyano, aminoalkyl, al Coxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, hydroxyguanidino, alkoxycar Bonylalkyl, phenylalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, H, -OH, (however, R1And Rtwenty oneAre not both -OH and Y is N No), formyl, -COalkyl, -COacyl, -COaryl, and hydroxy Selected from the group consisting of alkyl;1And Rtwenty oneTogether Lower group And, in addition, R1And Rtwenty oneIs the same as the carbon atom to which they are attached. To the base Or R1And Rtwenty oneTogether with the carbon atoms to which they are attached Saturated containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms and one group selected from S, O, and NH May form a union heterocyclo ring;   RTwoIs H, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, one to three independently R to be selectedThreeSubstituted with cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, hydroxy CTwo ~ C20Alkyl, alkynyl, alkylamide, cycloalkylalkyl, hydride Roxyarylalkyl, bicycloalkyl, alkynyl, acylaminoalkyl , Arylalkyl, hydroxyalkoxyalkyl, azabicyclo, alk Carbonyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, alkoxyca Rubonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylamino (alkyl) alkyl; Alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, arylhydroxyalkyl, alkylca Rubonylamino (alkyl) alkyl, dialkylamino, (Where R29Is H, alkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocar Bonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkyls Ruphonyl, arylsulfonyl), (Where Q is O, NOH, or NO-alkyl), or Z is -CH- If RTwoIs also an alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxymethyl, -N (R8)TwoIs Gain;   RThree, RFour, R32, Rtwenty four, And Rtwenty fiveIs independently H, halo, alkoxy, Benzyloxy, halo substituted with benzyloxy, nitro or aminoalkyl Alkyl, polyhaloalkyl, nitro, cyano, sulfonyl, hydroxy, amide No, alkylamino, formyl, alkylthio, polyhaloalkoxy, acyl Oxy, trialkylsilyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl , Alkoxycarbonylalkylsulfinyl; -OCONHTwo, -OCONH-alkyl, -OCON (alkyl)Two, -NHCOO-alkyl, -NHCO-alkyl, phenyl, hydroxy Selected from the group consisting of alkyl, or morpholino;   Each RFiveAnd R6Is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; However, if X is C (ORFive)TwoOr C (SRFive)TwoIf RFiveBoth groups cannot be H, And X is C (ORFive)TwoOr C (SRFive)Two, Two R's in XFiveBase Is bonded to-(CHTwo)p-Where p is an integer from 2 to 4;   R7Is independently H, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, ant And R as defined hereinThreeAnd RFourFrom an aryl substituted with Selected from the group   Each R8Is independently a group consisting of H, hydroxyalkyl, or alkyl Or two R8The groups may be joined to form an alkylene group;   R9Is H, alkyl, or acyl:   R20Is H, phenyl, or alkyl; and   R27And R28Is independently H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl Alkyl, aminoalkyl, haloalkyl, thioalkyl, alkylthioalkyl Carboxyalkyl, imidazolylalkyl, and indolialkyl Selected from the group27And R28Can combine to form an alkylene group You.   In a preferred group of compounds, Y and Z are N.   In another preferred group of compounds, Y is CH and Z is N.   In another preferred group of compounds, R is And X is O, SO, or SOTwoIt is.   In another preferred group of compounds, RThreeAnd RFourIs H and R1Is cyclo Alkyl, alkyl or CN and Rtwenty oneIs H or R1and Rtwenty oneTogether = CHTwoOr to form = O.   In another preferred group of compounds, R is And   X is O, SO, or SOTwoAnd RThreeAnd RFourIs H and R1Is cyclo Alkyl, alkyl or CN and Rtwenty oneIs H or R1And And Rtwenty oneTogether = CHTwoOr to form = O.   In another preferred group of compounds, Y and Z are N and R1Is cycloalkyl , Alkyl, or CN;twenty oneIs H and RTwoIs a cycloalkyl Or It is.   In another preferred group of compounds, Y is CH, Z is N, RTwoIs cycloa Ruquil or It is.   In another preferred group of compounds, R27And R28At least one of which is alkyl is there.   In another preferred group of compounds, R27Or R28One is methyl and the other is methyl Hydrogen.   In another preferred group of compounds, R is It is.   Another preferred group of compounds is of the formula Group represented by   Where R, X, R1, R27, And Rtwenty oneIn the table below Or as defined in or Or Having.   Another group of preferred compounds of formula I is shown in the following table:   (In the table below, RTwoIs a substituted cyclohexyl, the substitution position is Numbered as follows):   Another aspect of the present invention is a composition as described above in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound having Formula I.   Another aspect of the invention relates to cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease Use of a compound of formula I for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition useful for the treatment of   Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A method for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the step of mixing.   Another aspect of the invention is a method of treating a cognitive or neurodegenerative disease, said method comprising: Administering to the patient suffering from the disease an effective amount of a compound of formula I.   Another aspect of the invention relates to combining acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or neurodegenerative disorders using the compounds of formula I It is a method of treating the disease.   Another aspect of the invention is a method of treating a cognitive or neurodegenerative disease, said method comprising: Patients with the disease can be treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and acetyl Compounds capable of enhancing choline release (preferably m2 or m4 selective muscarinic And administering an effective amount of the combination with the antagonist.   Another aspect of the invention is the use of the combination in separate containers in a single package. A kit for treating cognitive impairment, comprising a pharmaceutical compound for In one container, the compound of formula I or acetyl ester in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is provided. Compounds that can enhance phosphorus release (preferably m2 or m4 selective muscarinic Ant), and in a second container, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Containing acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in and combinations thereof The amount given is the effective amount.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES   Figure 1 shows the primary response to acetylcholine (ACh) release from the cortex of awake rats. FIG. 9 illustrates the dose-related effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of a light compound.   FIG. 2 shows ACh release from striatum after intraperitoneal administration. 2 is a plot similar to FIG.   FIG. 3 shows the release of ACh from the striatum of awake rats to 3 mg / kg of tacrine (peritoneal cavity). Intra-administration) is illustrated.   FIG. 4 shows a plot similar to FIG. 4 for 1 mg / kg of the compound of the invention (intraperitoneal administration). It is.   FIG. 5 shows 1 mg / kg of the compound of the invention in combination with 3 mg / kg of tacrine (both intraperitoneal 5 is a plot similar to FIG.Detailed description   Except where stated otherwise, the following definitions throughout this specification and the claims Is applied. These definitions may be used when the terms are used by themselves or for other purposes. Applies regardless of whether it is used in combination with a word. Thus, the "alkyl" Definitions include "alkyl" and "alkyl" such as "alkoxy" and "haloalkyl." "Applies to parts.   Alkyl has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Represents a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon chain.   Alkenyl has at least one carbon-carbon double bond and has 2 to 15 carbon atoms. Straight-chain or branched carbon having carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms Represents a hydride chain.   Alkynyl has at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and has 2 to 10 carbons. Straight-chain or branched carbons having carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms Represents a hydride chain.   Cycloalkyl represents a saturated carbocyclic ring having 3 to 12 carbon atoms .   Cycloalkenyl has 5 to 8 carbon atoms and at least one carbon Represents a carbocyclic ring having an element-carbon double bond in the ring.   Bicycloalkyl is a bridged saturated carbon having 5 to 12 carbon atoms. Represents an elementary ring.   Acyl represents a group of the following formula: Here, alkyl is as previously defined.   Halo represents fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.   Aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl.   Polyhalo is a group that is modified by the term "polyhalo" by at least two B represents substitution of an atom.   Hydroxyguanidino represents a group having the formula:   Azabicyclo contains from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and at least one nitrogen atom. Represents a bridged saturated ring.   Sulfonyl has the formula -SOTwo-Represents a group.   Sulfinyl represents a group of formula -SO-.   Alkylene is-(CH2)q-Represents a group having the formula: wherein q is an integer of 1 to 20 is there.   Naturally occurring amino acids (NOAA) are alanine (ala), arginine (arg), Asparagine (asn), aspartic acid (asp), cysteine (cys), glutamate (Gln), glutamic acid (glu), glycine (gly), histidine (histadine) (His), isoleucine (ile), leucine (leu), lysine (lys), methionine (Met), phenylalanine (phe), proline (pro), serine (ser), threo Nin (thr), tryptophan (trp), tyrosine (tyr) and valine (val) Means an acid selected from the group consisting of:   The nitrogen protecting group (Prot) is a naturally occurring amino acid (or its enantiomer) ) Means a group capable of protecting the above nitrogen from the reaction. Preferred nitrogen protecting groups are carbo Benzyloxy (CBZ), CHThreeOCO (CHTwo)9CO, and t-butoxycarbonyl . It will be appreciated that any functional nitrogen protecting group is included.   When a variable appears more than once in a structural formula (eg, X is -C (ORFive)Two-A place RFive) The identity of each of the variables that appear more than once is, independently, It can be selected from the definition for that variable.   The compounds of the present invention have the formula1And Rtwenty oneAre not identical, R1Is not attached It can exist in at least two configurations based on asymmetric carbon. X is SO or C (ORFive)Two If (two RFiveIf the groups are not identical), or R is -CRFive= C = CR6Is In some cases, additional stereoisomers exist. Alternatively, for Formula I, a number of other There is a possibility of opposite sex. All possible stereoisomers of formula I are within the scope of the invention .   The compounds of formula I exist in unsolvated and solvated (including hydrated) forms. obtain. Generally, for purposes of the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable solvents (eg, , Water, ethanol, etc.) are equivalent to the unsolvated forms.   The compounds of formula I together with organic and inorganic acids form pharmaceutically acceptable salts. obtain. Examples of suitable acids for salt formation are hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, citric, malonic Acid, salicylic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid , Methanesulfonic acid, and other mineral and carboxylic acids well known to those skilled in the art. is there. The salts are prepared by contacting the free base form with a sufficient amount of the desired acid in a conventional manner. It is prepared by forming a salt. The free base form can be obtained by converting the salt to a suitable dilute aqueous base. Solutions (eg, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, ammonia, or sodium bicarbonate) It can be regenerated by treating with a diluted aqueous solution of thorium. The free base form is , In certain physical properties (eg, solubility in polar solvents) Although slightly different from the salt form, otherwise, for the purposes of the present invention, the salt is It is equivalent to the form of each free base.   Compounds of formula I are prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art, as shown in the following reaction steps. Can be generated:   Where L1Is a leaving group, and LTwoIs H or an alkali metal, and Y, Z, R, R1, RTwo, RThree, RFour, R27, And R28Is described above for formula I As defined, and X is O, SO, or SOTwoIt is.   Process A is preferably a neat or solvent (eg, DMF, DMSO, or Acetonitrile) at a temperature in the range of 0 ° C. to 110 ° C. for a period of about 1 hour to 24 hours Done. L1Is preferably a chloride leaving group, but other leaving groups (eg, , Bromide or mesylate) are also satisfactory. LTwoIs hydrogen preferable.   Starting materials of formula II are those wherein X is O, SO, or SOTwoIf so, follow the sequence of reactions below. Can be formed.   In the step (a), the chlorine compound is dissolved in a solvent such as water in the presence of zinc at 50 ° C. React with sodium hydroxide at 95 ° C for 1 to 3 hours. Alternatively, R-X-H is React with NaH in a solvent such as THF or DMF at 0 ° C. to room temperature for 1 hour to 3 hours . In step (b), the substituted benzaldehyde is reacted with the reaction mixture from step (a). To Add and perform the reaction at 20-70 ° C. for 1-24 hours. Step (c) smell And XTwoRepresents, for example, chloride or bromide. R1MgXTwoThe reaction with Performed in THF or diethyl ether solvent at <RTIgt; SOClTwoWhen Reaction at 25 ° C to 70 ° C, preferably in excess thionyl chloride as solvent. Hours to 24 hours. Compounds of formula III are readily available. Other Formula II Compounds Some reaction schemes for making the products are shown below:   Where LFourIs a leaving group, and LTwoIs H or an alkali metal, and X, Y, Z, R, R1, RTwo, RThree, RFour, Rtwenty one, R27, And R28Is the formula I And is as defined above.   Process B is preferably performed in a solvent such as DMF at about 25 ° C to 120 ° C for about 1 hour. Hours to 24 hours. LTwoIs Na or hydrogen, and LFourIs a chloride leaving group Preferably, there is.   Compounds of formula IV can be produced by the following reaction scheme:   In the above reaction scheme, R1AIs preferably R 2 for formula I7Constant Obey righteousness.   Step (d) is performed in acetone or DMF solvent at 20 ° C to 100 ° C for 1 hour to 24 hours. Time, basic conditions (eg, KTwoCOThree).   Step (e) can be performed in neat or methylene chloride at 20 ° C to 70 ° C for 1 hour to Can be done 24 hours.   Step (f) is performed in ethanol or methanol at 25 ° C. to 70 ° C. for 1 hour It may take up to 24 hours.   Where L6Is a leaving group, and LTwoIs H or an alkali metal, and X, Y, Z, R, R1, RTwo, RThree, RFour, R27, And R28Is the above for formula I As defined above.   Process C is preferably performed in a solvent such as DMF, DMSO, or acetonitrile. At about 0 ° C. to 110 ° C. for 1 hour to 24 hours. LTwoIs hydrogen, and L6Is preferably a chloride leaving group.   Compounds of formula VI can be produced by the following reaction scheme:   Other compounds of formula VI can be produced by similar reactions. Where Y1Is H or alkyl, and compound X is (alkyl)TwoAlCN also Is a Grignard reagent.   Process D preferably starts with a compound of formula VIII, titanium tetrachloride (TiClFour) Or titanium tetraisopropoxide and a compound of formula IX neat or By treating at 20 ° C. to 70 ° C. for about 1 to 24 hours in a solvent such as Done. Finally, the compound of formula X is added and the mixture is left for 1 hour to 24 hours. Stir at 20-70 ° C. The compound of formula VIII can be obtained from step (a) of process A and And (b).   In the above reaction, L is a leaving group. The reaction is performed in a solvent (eg, THF) , Performed at -70 ° C to room temperature for 1/2 hour to 12 hours.   Chloride (10) which is in equilibrium with the reaction of diol (8) and thionyl chloride To obtain a mixture of This mixture is reacted with a primary amine to give a compound of the present invention (11 ) And (12).   Starting material 1 and reagent R27CH (OSOTwoCFThree) COTwoEt is optically pure or abundant In some cases, products 11 and 12 are non-racemic.   If necessary or desired, one or more of the following steps may be included in the above reaction. (A) removing any protecting groups from the compound thus formed (B) converting the compound thus formed into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or an ester. (C) converting to a solvate and / or solvate; Converting the compound to another compound of formula I; and (d) isolating the compound of formula I (Including the step of separating the stereoisomers of formula I).   Based on the above sequence of reactions, one of ordinary skill in the art would be required to produce any of the compounds of Formula I. The required starting material can be selected.   In the above process, it is often desirable to protect certain groups during the reaction. And / or necessary. Conventional protecting groups well known to those skilled in the art can function . After the reaction (s), the protecting groups can be removed by standard procedures.   The compounds of formula I are selectively m2 and / or m4 muscarinic antagonists Activity. It treats cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. Associated with the pharmaceutical activity to be placed.   Compounds of Formula I exhibit m1 and m2 muscarinic antagonist activity Show pharmacological activity in the test procedure. This compound is Nontoxic at therapeutic doses. The test procedure is described below.Muscarinic binding activity   The compound of interest is cloned human m1, m2, m3, and m4 muscarinic Test for the ability to inhibit binding to the receptor subtype. These studies The source of the receptor in is the stable, which expressed each of the receptor subtypes Was a membrane derived from a CHO cell line transfected into the CHO cell line. After growth, remove cells And subsequently cold 50 mM Na / K phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (buffer B) Homogenized using Polytron in volume. Homogenate at 40,000 xg for 20 For 4 minutes at 4 ° C. Discard the resulting supernatant and pellet at 20 mg / wet Resuspended in buffer B at a final concentration of tissue / ml. These films are combined with the following Stored at -80 ° C until used for staining.   Binding to the cloned human muscarinic receptorThreeH-quinuclidyl Performed using benzilate (QNB) (Watson et al., 1986). Briefly, membranes ( Approximately 8 of each of the protein assays for m1, m2, and m4 containing membranes. , 20, and 14 μg)ThreeIncubate with H-QNB (final concentration 100-200 pM) and Increased the concentration of unlabeled drug in a final volume of 2 ml for 90 minutes at 25 ° C. . Non-specific binding was assayed in the presence of 1 μM atropine. Skatron filtration equipment By performing suction filtration on a GF / B glass fiber filter. The filtration was terminated, and the filter was washed with cold 10 mM Na / K phosphate buffer (pH 7). Washed in .4). Add scintillation cocktail to filter and Al was incubated overnight. The bound radioligand is converted to liquid scintillation Quantification was performed using a cell counter (50% efficiency). The obtained data is stored in an EBDA computer IC using the data program (McPherson, 1985)50Value (ie, 50% inhibition of binding) (Concentration of compound required to harm). Then the affinity value ( Ki) was determined using the following formula (Cheng and Prusoff, 1973);   Thus, lower Ki values indicate higher binding affinity.   The following publications, all of which are incorporated herein by reference, are hereby incorporated by reference. The order is described in more detail.   Cheng, Y.-C. and Prusoff, W.H., Relationship between the inhibitory con stant (Ki) and the concentration of inhibitor which causes 50 per cent i nhibition (IC50) Of an enzymatic reaction. Biochem. Pharmacol. 22: 3099-3 108, 1973.   McPherson, G.A. Kinetic, EBDA, Ligand, Lowry: A Collection of Radioligand B inding Analysis Programs. Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam, 1985 .   Watson, M.J, Roeske, W.R. and Yamamura, H.I.ThreeH] Pirenzepine and (-) [ThreeH) qu inuclidinyl benzilate binding to rat cerebral cortical and cardiac musca rinic cholinergic sites. Characterization and regulation of antagonist b inding to putative muscarinic subtypes. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.237: 411-418 , 1986.   To determine the degree of selectivity for compounds that bind to the m2 receptor, The Ki value for one receptor was divided by the Ki value for m2 receptor. taller than The ratio indicates a higher selectivity for binding of the m2 muscarinic receptor.Microdialysis method   The following procedure is used to show that the compounds function as m2 antagonists.   Surgery: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-350 g) for these studies Anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (54 mg / kg, ip) and Kopf brain stereotaxy Placed on a fixture. Exposing the skull, and 0.2mm forward of the bregma and A perforation was made to the dura at a position of 3.0 mm laterally. With these coordinates, the guide cannula Is placed on the outer edge of the dura through the perforated opening and vertically 2.5 mm deep And then fixed securely to the bone screw with dental cement . After surgery, rats are given ampicillin (40 mg / kg, ip) and Housed individually in modified cages. About 3-7 days recovery before embarking on microdialysis procedure Gave a period.   Microdialysis: all instruments and instruments used to perform in vivo microdialysis Bioanalytical Systems, Inc. (BAS). Microdialysis procedure requires a fine needle A perfusable probe (CMA / 12, 3 mm x 0.5 mm) through a guide cannula Insertion into the striatum beyond the end of the id to a depth of 3 mm was involved. This professional The tube was previously connected to a microinfusion pump (CMA- / 100) with a tube. Rat After catching, tying, and inserting the probe, litter material ) And large, transparent plexi with food and water access Placed in glass bowl. pH 7.4, 5.5 mM glucose, 0.2 mM L-ascor Ringer's buffer (NaC) containing formic acid and 1 μM neostigmine bromide l 147mM; KCl 3.0mM; CaClTwo 1.2mM; MgClTwo 1.0 mM) and irrigate the probe at 2 μl / min. Shed. In order to achieve a stable baseline reading, a minimum of 90 minutes before collecting fractions Volume dialysis was performed. Using a low-temperature collector (CMA / 170 or 200), fractions (20 μl ) Was obtained at 10 minute intervals over 3 hours. Get 4-5 baseline fractions, then Animals were dosed with the drug or drug combination to be tested. When collection is complete, Each probe was necropsied to determine the accuracy of the probe placement.   Acetylcholine (ACh) analysis: The ACh concentration in a sample collected from Determined using HPLC / electrochemical detection. HPLC column for polymer analysis (BAS, MF-6 Automatic sample injection (Waters 712 Refrigerated Sample Processor) , And 50 mM NaTwoHPOFour(PH 8.5). Kathon C to prevent bacterial growth G reagent (0.005%) (BAS) was included in the mobile phase. Then, the separated ACh and coli The eluate from the analytical column containing It passed through the reactor cartridge (BAS, MF-6151). This reactor is shared with the polymer backbone Contains both bound acetylcholinesterase and choline oxidase Was. The effect of these enzymes on ACh and choline results in a stoichiometric yield Excessive Hydrogen oxide was obtained. Hydrogen peroxide was measured using a Waters 460 detector equipped with a platinum electrode. It was detected electrochemically at a working voltage of 0 millivolt. Micro Channel IEEE Baud Data was captured using an IBM Model 70 computer equipped with a computer. "Ma xima "chromatography software (Waters Corporation) Integration and quantification were achieved. Total scan time per sample is 1 ml / min flow rate It was 11 minutes. Retention times for acetylcholine and choline are 6. 5 minutes and 7.8 minutes. Possible Detector Sensitivity During Chromatography At the beginning, middle of each sample queue to monitor and calibrate for changes And finally, ACh standards were included.   Increases in ACh levels are consistent with presynaptic m2 receptor antagonism.Test results Compound number  169, 227 (-), 289, 269, 214, 232, 123, 236, 296, 300, 301, 302 For, 304 and 305:     Ki, nM, ml: 2.1 to 224     Ki, nM, m2: 0.05-16.6     m2 selectivity (Ki, ml / Ki, m2) = 9.3-42     Ki, nM, m4: 0.33-36     m4 selectivity (Ki, ml / Ki, m4) = 3-12   Many other compounds according to Formula I have been tested with the following results:   Ki binding to ml receptor, nM: 0.01-4770, with undetermined values up to> 4200 You. The undetermined value occurs when Ki is not completely determined, but it is better than some value up to 4200nM. Was found to be larger.   Ki binding to m2 receptor, nM: 0.01-1525, with undetermined values up to> 4600 You. The undetermined value occurs when Ki is not completely determined, but it is better than some value up to 4600nM. Was found to be larger.m2 Selectivity [Ki for m1 / Ki for m2]   0.3-41.5 without considering any undetermined Ki values.   When Compound No. 169 from the compound table was administered, A higher increase in ACh release was measured.                     Derived from the cortex of awake rats (ip administration)             Dose mg / kg  As% increase from baseline             (Compound 169)ACh Emission peak                                          (Fig. 1)                 30 1500                 10 400                 1 75                     From the striatum of awake rats (ip administration)             Dose mg / kg  As% increase from baseline             (Compound 169)ACh Emission peak                                          (Fig. 2)                 30 270                 10 150                 3 125                 1 30                 0.1 10   Oral administration of compound 169 also caused a significant increase in ACh release.   The inventors have proposed that acetylcholinesterase (ACh'ase) Compounds of formula I in combination with inhibitors have a synergistic effect on ACh release I made an amazing discovery. As used herein, tacrine is an ACh'ase inhibitor Was used.                           From the striatum of awake rats                 dose            As% increase from baseline                                             ACh Emission peak                                               (Figs. 3-5)       Tacrine 3 mg / kg (i.p.) 30 (Fig. 3)       Compound 169 1 mg / kg (i.p.) 40 (Fig. 4)       Tacrine 3 mg / kg and 130 (Figure 5)       Compound 169 1 mg / kg (i.p.)   As shown above, when administered in combination, Compound 169 and Tacrine Causes a synergistic increase in ACh release.   The present invention also relates to any other ACh'ase inhibitor (E-2020 (Eisai Pharmaceutic al.) and heptyl physostigmine. With similar synergistic results by administering a compound of formula I in combination with Related to achieving.   The invention also relates to scopolamine or QNB such as in combination with ACh'ase inhibitors. A similar synergistic effect by administering any compound capable of enhancing ACh release. On achieving the result. Preferably, the ACh release enhancing compound is an m2-selective member. A scalin antagonist (ie, Ki / ml / Ki / m2) ratio of 1 Larger antagonist) or m4 selective muscarinic antagonist ((ml Ki / m4 for Ki / m4 is greater than 1). Implementing this aspect of the invention M2- or m4-selective muscarinic antagonists for Allin, AF-DX 116, AF-DX 384, BIBN 99 (These three compounds are available from Boehringer-In gleheim), tripitramine and himbacine Including, but not limited to.   Compounds of Formula I, compounds capable of enhancing ACh release, and ACh'ase inhibitors To prepare a pharmaceutical composition, an inert pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is activated. Mixed with things. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid. No. Powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets And suppositories. A solid carrier is composed of one or more substances, As a diluent, flavor, solubilizer, lubricant, suspending agent, binder or disintegrant Can act); it can also be an encapsulating material.   Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. As an example And water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection.   Converted to liquid form preparation immediately before use for either oral or parenteral administration Also included are solid form preparations intended to be made. With such a liquid form Solutions, suspensions and emulsions. These special solid form preparations Is most conveniently provided in a unit dosage form, and thus provides a single liquid dosage unit. Used to provide.   The present invention also relates to alternative delivery systems, including but not necessarily limited to transdermal delivery. Not intended). Transdermal compositions are creams, lotions and / or emulsions And as in the prior art in the art for this purpose , Matrix type or reservoir type transdermal patches.   Preferably, the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form. In such a form, the preparation The product is subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component. Unit throw The dosage form may be a packaged preparation. This package is prepared in individual quantities Products (eg, tablets, capsules and tablets packaged in vials or ampoules) Powder). The unit dosage form can also be a capsule, cachet or tablet itself. Or a suitable number of any of these in packaged form. It may be what you want.   The amount of active compound in a unit dose preparation will depend on the particular application and the potency of the active ingredient. And can be varied or adjusted from 1 mg to 100 mg according to the intended treatment. This It corresponds to a dose of about 0.001 mg / kg to about 20 mg / kg, and is administered once to three times a day Can be divided into If desired, the composition may also include other therapeutic agents.   Dosage will depend on the needs of the patient, the severity of the condition being treated and the particular condition being used. It can vary depending on the compound. Determination of the proper dosage for a particular situation is dependent on the medical Within the field of technology. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided, And can be administered in divided doses throughout the day or provide a continuous delivery. It can be administered by step.   A compound of formula I or a compound capable of enhancing ACh release is an acetylcholinesterer When used in combination with zein inhibitors to treat cognitive impairment, these two activities The components can be co-administered simultaneously or sequentially, or Compounds of formula I or compounds capable of enhancing ACh release and acetylcholinesterase A single pharmaceutical composition containing the inhibitor in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Can give. The components of this combination, individually or together, may be any conventional oral or Parenteral dosage forms (eg, capsules, tablets, powders, cachets, suspensions, solutions, suppositories) Drug, nasal spray, etc.). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Tar dosages can range from 0.001 to 100 mg / kg body weight.   The invention disclosed herein is illustrated by the following preparations and examples. But should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. Paths and classes of different mechanisms Similar structures may be apparent to those skilled in the art.Preparation Preparation 1   Compound 1 (21.4 g (130 mmol)) and compound 2 (15.0 g (108.6 mmol)) Placed in flask. DMSO (100 ml) was added and the mixture was warmed to 130 ° C. Stirred for 70 hours. Cool the reaction and pour into 400 g of ice and stir well did. The mixture was filtered and the white precipitate was collected and washed with water. Etano solid Recrystallized from the catalyst.   Compound 3 (13.72 g, 52.7 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (100 ml) and Cooled to NaBHFour(1.2 g, 31.6 mmol) was added in small portions. Stir the mixture for 0.5 hour Stir, then warm to reflux, stir for 4 hours, and cool to room temperature. Solvent It was removed with a rotary evaporator. Dissolve the residue in ethyl acetate (400 ml), And washed with water and brine, NaTwoSOFourAnd then filtered. Solvent And removed with a tally evaporator.   CH of compound 4 (14 g, 53 mmol)TwoClTwo(120 ml) Cool the solution to 0 ° C. and add CHTwo ClTwoSOCl in (20ml)Two(7.8 ml, 107 mmol) was added over 30 minutes. mixture The thing was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. Volatilization by rotary evaporator The minute was removed and the residue was dissolved in 500 ml of ethyl acetate. Organic solution in water, saturated N aHCOThreeAnd washed with brine. Mixture with NaTwoSOFour, Filter, and dissolve The medium was removed on a rotary evaporator.Preparation 2   Compound 6 (25 g, 180 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (80 ml) and cooled to 0 ° C . Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 7.2 g) was added under nitrogen. Stirring Continue for 20 minutes, then warm the reaction mixture to room temperature and dissolve in DMF (40 ml) Compound 5 (20 g, 180 mmol) was added using a syringe. Heat the solution to 100 ° C. Heated and stirred for 3 hours, then cooled to room temperature. DMF rotary evaporator And then 250 ml of water was added and the pH was adjusted to 12 with NaOH . The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and NaTwoSOFourAnd dried. Then the solvent Was removed on a rotary evaporator.   Compound 7 (22 g, 100 mmol) is dissolved in 450 ml of ethanol and brought to 0 ° C Cool. NaBHFour(1.9 g, 51 mmol) was added in portions. Warm mixture to room temperature And stirred overnight. Add water (300ml), then rotary evaporator And removed with a filter. Ethyl acetate was added to the residue and then washed with water. Organic layer with NaTwo SOFour, Filtered and removed on a rotary evaporator.   Compound 8 (22 g, 100 mmol) in 400 ml CHTwoClTwoAnd cooled to 0 ° C. Was. SOClTwo(9 ml, 120 mmol) in CHTwoClTwo(50 ml) and added dropwise under nitrogen Compound 8 was added dropwise using a dropping funnel. After the addition is complete, mix Stirred at 0 ° C. for 時間 hour, then at room temperature for 2 hours. Transfer the solution to an Eelenmeyer flask. Cantation was performed to remove the precipitate. 10% NaHCO until the pH of the aqueous layer is 8ThreeWith Added. Separate these layers and add CHTwoClTwoLayer MgSOFourAnd dried. Then this The layers were filtered and the solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator.Preparation 3   Compound 10 (54 g, 400 mmol) was dissolved in 500 ml of DMF and cooled to 0 ° C . NaOCH with stirringThree(20.5 g) was added in batches. Remove the ice bath and allow Compound 11 (68.4 g, 400 mmol) was added with stirring. The mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 hours, then At 80 ° C. for 1 hour and cooled to room temperature. Concentrate the DMF solution to 200 ml Then, 400 ml of water and 300 ml of ethyl acetate are stirred with a mechanical stirrer. Was added. The pH was basified with NaOH and the organic layer was separated and MgSOFourDry in Was. The solution was filtered and the solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator.   Compound 12 (33.4 g, 147 mmol) in 1 L of CHTwoClTwoWas dissolved. Then, compound 13 (2 5 g, 148 mmol) and triethylamine (21 ml) were added. Add TiCl to this solutionFour( 1M CHTwoClTwoSolution, 75 ml) was added. Stirring was continued at room temperature overnight (18 hours). this Reactants with NaCNBHThreeQuenched with solution (27 g, 440 mmol, in MeOH (150 ml)). 2-3 After stirring for hours, water was added and the pH was adjusted to 13 with NaOH. Separate the organic layer, And MgSOFour, Then filtered and the solvent was removed. The residue is treated with ethyl acetate And extracted with 3N HCl. Separate these layers and separate the aqueous layer with NaOH (Basic) (pH = 13). CHTwoClTwoThe aqueous layer was extracted with. Then CHTwoClTwoLayer MgSOFour Dry, filter and evaporate to give compound 14.   Compound 14 (17 g, 45 mmol) in ethanol (300 ml) followed by 2.5 g Pd (OH)TwoAdd / C Added. The mixture was flushed with 60 psi of hydrogen for 1-8 hours with a Parr shaker monitored by TLC. Placed on shaker then filtered through Celite to remove EtOH. The residue Dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with NaOH. Next, the pH of the aqueous layer was adjusted to 7, Then, the aqueous layer was CHTwoClTwoExtracted with NaTwoSOFourAnd evaporated to give compound IV ' I got Then this is CHThreeRecrystallization from CN gave pure IV '.Preparation 4   (Process C)   4.3 g (1 equivalent) of a 60% sodium hydride dispersion in mineral oil is flame dried under nitrogen ( Weighed into flame-dried 250 ml flasks. Wash with hexane to remove mineral oil And 100 ml of dry N, N-dimethylformamide was added via syringe. Suspension The solution was cooled in an ice-water bath, during which 15 g (1 equivalent) of 4-methoxythiophenol was added. It was added in batches. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and 14.6 g (1 (2.6 mL, 1.1 eq.) Of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde was added in one portion. Mix room Stir for 3 hours at room temperature, then slowly pour into 600 mL ice water with vigorous stirring . Separate the yellow solid by filtration and then add 150 ml of Powdered twice with sun. The product obtained is a pale yellow powder (23 g (88% yield). )) And was of sufficient purity for further reactions.   Preparation 5   Stir 6.75 g of bis (paramethoxyphenyl) disulfide and 3.6 mL of glacial acetic acid And the mixture was cooled to -40 ° C. Sulfuryl chloride (7.5 mL) The solution was maintained at -40 ° C while the batch was added and the solid dissolved. -20 brown solution C. and warmed slowly to 0.degree. Gas during this time Developed and the solution turned darken green. Remove volatile components under vacuum The crude material was used immediately in the next reaction.Preparation 6   6.9 g (39.1 mm) of (1R, 2S) -2-phenylcyclohexanol (J.K. Whitesell, M -S Wong, prepared according to J. Org. Chem., 56 (14), P.4552, 1991) Dissolved in dry THF (150 ml) containing gin (6 mL). Cool the solution to -78 ° C, To para-methoxyphenylsulfinyl chloride (corresponding disulfide (6 .75 g) was slowly added. When stirred at -78 ° C for 1 hour, The liquid produced a white precipitate. Quench the reaction with saturated sodium bicarbonate and add Diluted with chill and extracted with bicarbonate solution and brine. Organic layer of sulfuric acid Dry over sodium, concentrate and column chromatography (10% ethyl acetate). To a 25% ethyl acetate / hexane gradient). Important To give the desired sulfinate (10 g (78%)) containing a minor diastereomer. Was. Purify this diastereomer by crystallization from hexane / ethyl acetate did. This procedure is also applicable to crude products.Preparation 7   5 1.25g magnesium turnings (52mm, 2.3 equivalents) Stirred in ml of dry THF. One drop of 1,2-dibromoethane, then a small amount (approximately 1 g) of 4-bromobenzaldehyde diethyl acetal was added. This solution Heat to begin the formation of the Grignard reagent and the remaining acetal (11.2 g total) , 45 mm, 2 eq) together with THF (25 mL total) were added in batches. Heat the mixture Refluxed for 45 minutes. Then cooled to room temperature. Therefore, the resulting Grignard solution liquid Was converted to the starting sulfinate ester (7.5 g) in 150 mL of dry toluene at 0 ° C. , 22.6 mm). After one hour, the reaction was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate. Solution, diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted with brine. Organic The layers are dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated, and short column chromatography ( (25% ethyl acetate / hexane). And the desired acetal were obtained and used directly in the next reaction.Preparation 8   The acetal obtained from the reaction of 7.5 g of sulfinate ester was distilled water (10 mL). ) In THF (60 mL). Add a catalytic amount of paratoluenesulfonic acid, The solution was then warmed to 60 ° C. After 3 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and ethyl acetate And extracted with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. Organic layer sodium sulfate And dried to afford the desired aldehyde as a crystalline solid (5.42 g) ( 97% over two steps).Preparation 9   2 g (8.17 mm) of 4- (4-methoxyphenyl) thiobenzaldehyde (starting material) And 1.75 g (1 equivalent of 80%) of meta-chloroperbenzoic acid at 0 ° C. in 40 mL of dichloromethane Taken in dichloromethane. After 30 minutes, an additional 300 mg of MCPBA was added and the reaction was added for 30 minutes. Stir for more than a minute. The solution is diluted with ethyl acetate and saturated sodium bicarbonate Extracted with lium. Dry the organic layer over sodium sulfate, concentrate, and remove the product. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate / hexane gave 1.65 g of a first crop.Example 1   (Process A)   Compound II ′ (1.0 g, 3.5 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (10 ml) and then KTwoCOThree(1.5g) Was added. Next, compound III ′ (0.66 g, 3.9 mmol) was added. Mix up to 50 ° C Warmed and maintained with stirring for 18 hours. Cool the mixture to room temperature, and Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (150 ml) was added. Wash the organic layer with water (5 × 50 ml) and saturated Washed with NaCl (1 × 25 ml). Organic layer with NaTwoSOFour, Filter, and evaporate The minute was removed on a rotary evaporator. The resulting oil is applied on silica gel Purification was performed by column chromatography using ethyl acetate as a solvent.Example 2   (Process A)   CH to solid chloride (770mg)Three2 equivalents of cyclohexyl pipera in CN (5 mL) Gin solution was added. The mixture is heated with stirring at reflux temperature for 2 hours, then It was left for 18 hours. The resulting solid was suspended in EtOAc: water (1: 1). Water layer solid KTwoC OThreeBasified with. The organic layer is washed several times with water and MgSOFourDried in, and evaporate Then, a crude product was obtained. This is applied on a silica gel (TLC grade) column. Chromatography (CH as eluent)TwoClTwo: EtOH: NHFourOH (50: 3: 1)) did.Example 3   (Process B)   To an ice-cold solution of compound IV '(1 equivalent) in dry DMF was added 0.9 equivalent of NaH (mineral oil) under nitrogen. 60% dispersion). After 20 minutes, add 2-chloropyrimidine (0.9 equivalents) Was. The solution was heated at 100 ° C. for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature, water (10 ml per 1 ml of DMF) Was added and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extract was extracted with MgSOFourDried in Then, evaporation was performed to obtain a crude product. Then, the crude product is subjected to column chromatography. Chromatography (silica gel (TCL grade), CH as eluent)TwoClTwo: EtOH: NHFourOH ( 50: 3: 1)).Example 4   (Process C)   To a solution of compound VI '(0.25 g, 0.73 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 ml) was added compound V' A solution of II '(0.12 g, 0.73 mmol, dissolved in 3 ml of acetonitrile) was added. mixture Stir at room temperature (20 ° C.) for 0.5 h, then warm to 45 ° C. and stir for 6 h did. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and ethyl acetate (150 ml) was added, and The organic layer was washed with saturated NaCl (1 × 50 ml). Organic layer with NaTwoSOFourAnd dried. Organic layer Was filtered, and volatile components were removed by a rotary evaporator. The resulting oil , 50 g silica gel and 9: 1 CH as solventTwoClTwo/ MeOH (NHFourSaturated with OH ) Was purified by flash chromatography. 0.19g syrup Collected.Example 5 (Process D)   2 g (8.17 mmol) of 4- (4-methoxyphenyl) thiobenzaldehyde (VIII ') (Starting material) and 1.65 g (10 ml, 1.2 equivalents) of N-cyclohexylpiperazine (X ′ ) Was taken up in 1 mL of dry dichloromethane at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere. 2.9mL (10mmo l, 1.2 equivalents) of titanium tetraisopropoxide using a syringe. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. During this time the reaction became a white precipitate . The reaction was cooled in an ice water bath while 1 mole of diethylaluminum cyanide was 16.3 mL of a toluene solution (2 equivalents) of was added in batches with a syringe. Red / brown obtained The color homogeneous solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Reaction was added to ethyl acetate (100 mL) Therefore, dilute and slowly add water (25 mL) with vigorous stirring to I got it. After 1 hour, the inorganic solids were removed by filtration through Celite and filtered. The liquor was washed with a saturated brine solution and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Product And then subjected to column chromatography (acetone / hexane gradient). To give 3.29 g of the desired product (95% yield).Example 6   Hydrolysis of cyano compounds to amides   2 g (4.6 mm) of the starting nitrile was added to powdered potassium hydroxide (1.2 g (21 m m)) in tert-butanol (25 mL). Heat the mixture and return for 30 minutes Flush, cool to room temperature, and dilute with 250 mL of water. Solution twice with ethyl acetate Extract and dry the organic layer over sodium sulfate. By evaporation, The amide (2 g, 96%) was obtained as an amorphous solid, which was used without further purification for the next step. Can be used for reaction.Example 7   Hydrolysis of amide to acid   0.95 g (2.1 mm) of the starting amide was taken up in 4N hydrochloric acid (20 mL). Reactants Heat and reflux for 16 hours. Reducing the volume of the solution under vacuum, the disalt of the desired product The acid salt precipitated. The solid is isolated by filtration and washed with dry ethyl ether This gave 0.85 g of the product (77% yield). This solid can be used without further purification. Suitable for use.Example 8   Methyl ester formation   Add the methanolic HCl solution to 3 mL of acetyl chloride in 50 mL of dry methanol. Prepared by The starting acid (400 mg (0.8 mg 8mm)) was added. Replace the flask with a new activated molecular sieve (3Å) Attached to the containing Soxhlet extraction thimble and the solution was heated to reflux for 16 hours. Reactant Was cooled to room temperature and the acid was neutralized with solid sodium carbonate. This solution Diluted with 300 mL of dichloromethane and washed with distilled water. Organic layer of sulfuric acid mug Dry with nesium and column chromatography (3% methanol / dichloromethane) (310 g) to give 310 milligrams (76%) of the desired product.Example 9   Formation of tetrazole   250 mg (0.57 mm) of nitrile (starting material) was trimmed under nitrogen atmosphere. Tylsilyl azide (0.15 mL, 2 equivalents) and dibutyltin oxide (14 mg, 1 eq.) In dry toluene (4 mL). Heat the solution at 100 ° C for 48 hours , Here, an additional equivalent of the azide and tin reagents was added, and the solution was further added for 24 hours. For a while. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and evaporated to give a brown solid . This was subjected to preparative thin-layer chromatography (20% methanol / dichloromethane). And purified. 27 milligrams of the desired tetrazole was isolated.Example 10   Alkylation of tetrazole   Twenty milligrams (0.57 mm) of tetrazole (starting material) at 0 ° C. And treated with an ethereal solution of the compound (excess). After 10 minutes, the solution is homogenized and After 30 minutes, the solution was evaporated and preparative thin layer chromatography (7.5% (Methanol / dichloromethane). Isolate 10 milligrams of product did.Example 11   (Process E)   Alkylation of methyl ester   100 milligrams (0.2 mm) of the ester (starting material) at 0 ° C. under nitrogen atmosphere Take up in 4 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran. 0.53 mL (0.26 mm, 1.3 equivalents) of hexa Methyl disilazide potassium solution (0.5M in toluene) was added using a syringe . The resulting solution was stirred for 10 minutes. Then, 0.02 mL of iodomethane (1.3 equivalent) Was added using a syringe. The reaction was stirred for 20 minutes (while warming to room temperature). ) And then diluted by the addition of 50 mL of ethyl acetate, and saturated sodium bicarbonate Extracted with solution and brine. The organic layer is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. And to preparative thin-layer chromatography (5% methanol / dichloromethane). And purified to give 24 milligrams of the desired product.Example 12   Α-Alkylation of cyano compounds   200 milligrams (0.46 mm) of nitrile (starting material) was added at 0 ° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. , Take up in 10 mL dry tetrahydrofuran. 1.2 mL (0.6 mm, 1.3 equivalents) of hexame A potassium tildisilazide solution (0.5M in toluene) was added using a syringe. The resulting orange solution was stirred for 10 minutes. 0.05 mL of iodomethane (1.3 equivalent ) Was added by syringe, the solution became colorless. Stir the reaction for 20 minutes (During which time it warms to room temperature), then dilute by adding 100 mL of ethyl acetate, And extracted with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and brine. Organic layer anhydrous sulfur Dried over sodium citrate, concentrated and column chromatographed (hexane / (Ethyl acetate gradient) to give 190 milligrams of the desired product (92% yield). ) Was obtained as an oil which solidified gradually.Example 13   Oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides   1.82 g (4.4 mm) of the starting sulfide was added to dichloromethane (20 mL) and Dissolved in a 0.5 N solution of methanesulfonic acid in dichloromethane (17 mL). At 0 ° C, 1. 15 g of commercial MCPBA (60-80% purity) was added and the solution was stirred for 30 minutes. reaction The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted with saturated sodium bicarbonate. Organic The layers were dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated, and column chromatographed (75% (Ethyl acetate / hexane to 5% methanol / ethyl acetate gradient). 1.22 g of the desired sulphoxide and 0.4 g of the corresponding sulphone were obtained.Example 14   Synthesis of compounds 300, 301, 302, 304 and 760 Step 1:   In 50 ml of aqueous NaOH (20% w / w)501(5.0 g) into 50 ml of diethyl ether. Di-t-butyloxydicarbonate (3.4 g, 1.2 equivalents) dissolved in Was added. The cooling bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Two phases The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with 2.times.50 ml of ethyl acetate. Combined organic phase with NaTwoSOFour , Filtered and concentrated to give the crude product. Silica gel flash Purify by chromatography (10% EtOAc-Hex) to give 3.5 g (89%) of 502 as a white solid (Melting point: 89-90 ° C.). Step 2:   NaH (460 mg, 60% in mineral oil) is washed with dry hexane and combined with 8 ml of dry DMF. Was stirred. To this mixture, 4-methoxythiophenol was added via syringe. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. During that time the slurry became a clear solution. 8ml D Compound dissolved in MF502Was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water (80 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with 3 × 100 ml of EtOAc. Combined organic phase with NaTwo SOFour, Filtered and concentrated to give the crude product. Silica gel flash Purification by flash chromatography (20% EtOAc-Hex), 3.6 g (74%)503The white solid Obtained as a body (melting point: 105-107 ° C.). Step 3:   In 40 ml of dry THF503(1.5 g) in a solution of MeMgBr (1.15 ml, 3.0 M in ether) Added at 0 ° C. The mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 1 hour and 20 ml of 10% KHSOFourso Quenched. The aqueous phase was extracted with 2.times.50 ml of ethyl acetate. Combined organic phase with NaTwo SOFour, Filtered and concentrated to give the crude product. Silica gel flash Purification by flash chromatography (30% EtOAc-Hex), 1.3 g (96%)504Is a solid (Melting point: 129 ° C to 130 ° C) Step 4:   1.3g5045 ml of TFA and 15 ml of CHTwoClTwoAt 0 ° C in a mixture with cold The cooling bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and saturated bicarbonate at 0 ° C Quenched and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. Combined organic phase with NaTwoSOFourDry in , Filtered and concentrated to a white solid compound505I got This compound is further refined Made Used in the next step without. Step 5:   Dissolve the white solid from step 4 in 10 ml methylene chloride and add 350 mg Cyclohexanone was added, followed by 1.3 g of titanium (IV) isopropoxide. Was. The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. 440 mg of NaCNBH dissolved in 2 ml of methanolThree Was added at 0 ° C. and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for a further 3 hours. Water mixture And extracted with EtOAc. Combined organic phase with NaTwoSOFourAnd then filter And concentrated to give the crude product. Silica gel flash chromatograph (100% EtOAc) to give 0.5 g (40%) of compound 302 as a white solid . The solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate and treated with 2-3 equivalents of purified dry HCl. The mixture was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give hydrogen chloride (melting point: 227 ° C.- 230 ° C). Step 6:   60 ml of EtOAc and 60 ml of CHTwoClTwo350 mg compound in3021.7 ml of the stirring solution MeSOThreeH (CHTwoClTwo0.5M), followed by 262 mg of mCPBA (50% -60%) at -40 ° C. Was added. The mixture was brought to 0 ° C. and quenched with saturated bicarbonate solution (100 ml) . The mixture was extracted with 3.times.100 ml of EtOAc. Combined organic phase with NaTwoSOFourAnd then filter And concentrated to give the crude product. Silica gel flash chromatograph (15% EtOH-EtOAc) to give 0.2 g (55%) of compound 304 as a white solid. Was.   HPLC separation of compound 304 on Chiralcel OJ column; (Chiral Technologies, Inc., Ex. ton, PA):   Compound 304 was separated on a scale of 100 mg to 200 mg under the following conditions:   Solvent system: 0.1% diethylamine / 3% ethanol / hexane   Flow rate: 160ml / min   Retention time: 70 minutes for enantiomer A (compound 300, melting point: 141-142)             90 minutes for enantiomer B (compound 301, melting point: 141)   Synthesis of compound 760   Compound 505 (0.375 g, 1.15 mmol) and 4-carboethoxycyclohexanone (carb oethoxycyclohexanonone) (0.294 g, 1.72 mmol) in 6 mL CHTwoClTwoDissolved in. Next The reaction mixture is cooled to 0 ° C. with subsequent addition of Ti (i-PrO)Four(1.3 mL, 4.42 mmol) was added. . The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. At this time, TLC showed no starting material Was. The reaction mixture was washed with NaCNBH in MeOH (2 mL).Three(0.364 g, 5.8 mmol) Added. The reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Add 50 mL of 1N NaOH, The reaction was subsequently quenched by the addition of 50 mL of ethyl acetate. Bring the reaction mixture to room temperature for 1 hour. Stir for an hour and then extract with ethyl acetate (50 mL × 3). NaHCO for organic layerThreeDry in Was. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified on a silica gel column (5% methanol / CHTwoClTwo)so Separation provided the sulfide (0.46 g, 83% yield) as an oil.   Sulfide (0.038 g, 0.08 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of HOAc followed by NaBOThree/ 4HTwoO (0.03 7g, 0.24mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. At this time, TLC It showed no germs. The reaction mixture is then treated with 1N NaOH until basic. Was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL × 3). NaHCO organic phaseThreeDry Dried. The solvent was removed and the residue was subjected to a silica gel column (5% methanol / CHTwoClTwo) To give Sch 65546 (0.007 mg, 17% yield) as an oil.                                 Example 15   Synthesis of compound 306 511Preparation of   62.5 mmol of cyclohexylpi in a solution of 25 mmol of cyclohexanone in 20 ml of acetic acid Perazine was added. This system is NTwoBlanket with 31.3 mmol of TMS-Shear Add the nide. Then the solution is NTwoHeat at 60 ° C for about 20 hours. Rotary acetic acid -Remove with an evaporator and treat the residue with 100 ml of water. This is called EtOAc (3 × 50 ml). Wash the organic phase with 100 ml of water and add NaTwoSOFourDry, and d Evaporate to give the crude product as an oil. Add this oil to 100: 3: 1 CHTwoClTwo: EtOH: NHFourPurify by column chromatography using OH as eluent. Oh Il, 10 g of this oil in 100 ml of CHTwoClTwoAnd dissolved in 50 ml of water, then pH Until K becomes 8TwoCOThreeTo make it basic. Organic layer with NaTwoSOFourDry with, and evaporate Rate to give 6.6 g of a pale yellow powder. Preparation of Compound 306:   Put 5.4 mmol Mg in a three-necked round-bottomed flask, and cool the flask and add dropwise Attach a funnel and nitrogen inlet. The system is flame dried under nitrogen. Bromodiphenylyether (5.4 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 ml) Dissolve and add dropwise. Ethylene dibromide, iodine dripping and if necessary Repeated warming may be necessary to initiate Grignard formation. Once started And the mixture is heated to reflux until all the Mg is dissolved. Then in 5 ml of dry THF 1.8 mmol cyanoamine511Add the solution, continue refluxing and quench the reaction by TLC Chase.   The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and saturated NHFourQuenched by the addition of Cl solution (10 ml) Perch. It is diluted with 10 ml of water and extracted with 15 ml of EtOAc (3 ×). Yes Machine extract NaTwoSOFourAnd evaporated to give the crude product as an oil. You. This oil was subjected to column chromatography using ether / EtOAc as eluent. Purify by fee. 370 ml of a clear, colorless oil were obtained.   The dimaleate was prepared by dissolving the oil in 10 ml of EtOAc, and And treated with 200 mg of maleic acid. A white powder was obtained (510 mg, mp: 144-146).                                 Example 16   Synthesis of Compound 303   Example 1 except that the compound of the following formula was used instead of cyclohexanone. Repeat 5: Obtain compound 303 as dimaleate:                               Example 17   NaH (334 mg, 60% oil suspension) was washed with 15 ml of hexane and then 5 ml of DMF With the mixture. Compound522(1.03 ml) was added without solvent and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 20 minutes. While stirring in 1.7 ml of hot DMF.521(2.42 g obtained by reductive alkylation) Was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. Quench the mixture with water And extracted with ethyl acetate. Extract the SiOTwoFlash chromatography 3.0 g of product after purification523(Melting point: 128 ° C. to 129 ° C.). m-Chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA, 81 mg) was added in 50 ml of ethyl acetate.523(105mg) and M eSOThreeH (CHTwoClTwo, 0.5M in 1.0 ml) at -40 ° C. Enough CHTwoClTwoThis Was added to dissolve the solid and the mixture was warmed to room temperature. Over the mixture Surplus NaHCOThreeQuenched with solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. Concentrate the extract, Preparative thin-layer chromatography developed using 20% ethanol-ethyl acetate The product was purified by a purification method to obtain the N-oxide of compound 305. This substance is CHTwoClTwoDissolved in , CSTwoWas added and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Volatiles Evaporate and purify the residue by preparative TLC as described above to give compound 305 (Melting point: 125 ° C.).                         Example 18 (Process F)               Preparation of Compounds 3-10 shown in Process F (where R is 4-methoxyphenyl, R3 and R4 are H, R1 is (S) -CH 3,             And R27 is (R) -CH 3) AndPreparation of compound (3)   CHTwoClTwoTo an ice-cooled solution of trifluoroacetic anhydride (19 mL) in (100 mL) was added CHTwoClTwo(25mL (S)-(-)-α-methylbenzylamine (12.2 g) in the above) was added with stirring over 15 minutes. And then stir at room temperature for 1 hour. Cool on ice and methanesulfonic acid (40 mL) And then powdered dibromodimethylhydantoin (15 g) is added. Dissolution And store at room temperature for 20 hours in the dark. Ice HTwoIn O (100 mL) NaHSOThreeAnd stirred for 5 minutes, separated and added CH 2TwoClTwoExtract and combine HTwoWash with O and dry (MgSOFour). Filter through 30 g of flash silica Have, and chTwoClTwo(300 mL). Evaporate all eluents to dryness And EtTwoO (100 mL) is added, stirred for 10 minutes, and hexane is added (500 mL). Stir for 0.5 h, filter, wash with hexane and dry to dry the 4-bromo compound (12 .3 g) as white crystals. Melting point: 153 ° C-155 ° C, Mass spectrum: MH+= 296/298                             Preparation of compound (4)   A solution of compound (3) (11.95 g) in dry THF (160 mL) was treated with NTwoCool down to -70 ° C. Lulithium (EtTwo(1.4M in O, 28.8 mL) is added. Stir for 5 minutes, then n-butyl Add lithium (2.5 M in hexane, 17 mL). Stir for 5 minutes, then add 4-methoxy Cybenzenesulfonyl fluoride (16 g) is added. Remove cooling bath, 0.5 hour While adding 1N-HCl aqueous solution (200 mL) and adding CHTwoClTwoExtract with HTwoWash with O And dried (MgSOFour) And filtered through a 15 g pad of flash silica gel, 5% EtTwo O-CHTwoClTwoWash with and evaporate. EtTwoRecrystallize with O-hexane and Dry to give the sulfone (13.4 g) as off-white crystals. Melting point: 97 ° C-100 ° C, Mass spectrum: MH+= 388                             Preparation of compound (5)   HTwoMixing of compound (4) (17.5 g) with NaOH (6 g) in O (15 mL) and ethanol (120 mL) Reflux the material in a steam bath for 2 hours. Cool and hTwoAdd O, and CHTwoClTwoExtract with . KTwoCOThree, Filter, and evaporate. EtTwoSolid with O-hexane Triturate, filter, and dry to give the amine (10.4 g) as a white solid . Melting point: 113-115 ° C, mass spectrum: MH+= 292                             Preparation of compound (6)   CHTwoClTwoSolution of compound (5) (1.46 g) in (20 mL), and HTwoPotassium carbonate in O (10 mL) (2 g) in a solution of ethyl (S) -lactate trifluoromethanesulfonate (1.1 g) Was added and stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. Wash with water and dry (MgSOFour) And Evapo Rate and CH as eluentTwoClTwo0% to 15% Et inTwoElution using an O gradient Chromatograph on flash silica gel. Evaporate the purified fractions And triturated with hexane to give a crystalline ester (1.90 g). Melting point: 56-58 ° C, Mass spectrum: MH+= 392                             Preparation of compound (7)   Compound (6) (1.73 g), acetonitrile (15 mL), anhydrous sodium carbonate (1.5 g), and A mixture of acetic acid and ethyl iodide acetate (1.4 mL) is refluxed for 48 hours. HTwoO-CHTwoClTwoPost-processing in And dried (MgSOFour) And evaporate. CHTwoClTwo0% -10% Et inTwoO gradient Chromatograph on silica using and evaporate the appropriate purified fractions. To give a solid product (1.46 g) which was separated and the starting amino ester (0.53 g) was obtained. to recover. Melting point: 69-71 ° C, mass spectrum: MH+= 478                             Preparation of compound (8)   Lithium aluminum hydride (0.45 g) in THF (15 mL) was treated with NTwoStir while cooling the bottom ice Stir and add a solution of diester (7) (1.30 g) in THF (25 mL) over 2-3 minutes I do. Stir in ice for 0.5 h, add EtOAc (5 mL) dropwise, then stir the solution with ice-cooled 2N- Add to NaOH solution (50 mL). Separate and 3: 1 EtTwoO: CHTwoClTwoExtract the aqueous solution with Dried, and evaporated organics, and a small amount of EtTwoPowder with O All (0.88 g) is obtained as a white solid. Melting point: 123 ° C-125 ° C, Mass spectrum: MH+= 394.                             Preparation of mixture (10)   Compound (8) (0.125 g), thionyl chloride (0.25 mL), and 1,2-dichloroethane (5 mL) The mixture was refluxed for 1.5 hours, evaporated and coevaporated with 3 mL of dichloroethane. And dried under high vacuum to obtain a suitable dichlorination for the next step. The mixture of the compounds is obtained as a pale yellow foam.                       Preparation of Compound Nos. 730 and 803   These compounds are examples of compounds 11 and 12 shown in process f.   The diol (0.125 g) is converted to the dichloride described above, and the product is Trans-4-aminocyclohexanol hydrochloride in tonitrile (2.5 mL) (0.32 g), sodium iodide (0.5 g), and diisopropylethylamine (0.6 mL) And reflux for 2 hours. Cool, and HTwoO-CHTwoClTwoDistribute to Dry, and Evaporate the organic phase and subject the residue to preparative TLC, eluting with acetone . 1: 1 CHTwoClTwo: Extract with MeOH, evaporate and high vacuum Dry below to obtain the free base as a foam.   The less polar band (0.056 g) is Compound No. 730. This is CHTwoClTwo(2mL) in Dissolve and stir Et containing 4M HCl-dioxane (0.4 mL)TwoAdd to O (15mL) . Centrifuge, wash by suspension centrifugation in ether (2 x 15 mL), andTwounder so Dry to obtain dihydrochloride as a white powder. Melting point: 195 ° C-205 ° C (decomposition), mass spectrum: MH+= 473.   The more polar band (0.076 g) is compound 803. This is Convert to loride. Melting point: 215 ° C-225 ° C (decomposition), mass spectrum MH+= 473.                           Example 19 (Process G)   Preparation of compounds 667 and 656   Aldehyde in 50 mL of THF (Preparation 4, Compound VII 'of Process C, 4.9 g, 0.02 mol) Solution was cooled in an ice-water bath, and methylmagnesium bromide (8.5 mL, 3.0 M ) Was added slowly. After 0.5 hour, warm to room temperature while stirring for 16 hours did. After diluting with ethyl acetate and adding water, wash the organic layer with water, brine. Purified and concentrated. Drying under reduced pressure gave a yellow oil (5.1 g). This Used without further purification.   A solution of sulfide in dichloromethane (150 mL) was cooled in an ice-water bath where MCPBA (1 1.7 g, 60%) was added. After stirring for 1 hour, warm the temperature to room temperature and allow 16 hours Stirred. After dilution with ethyl acetate, the reaction was quenched with 10% sodium carbonate, water, brine. And washed. By concentrating the solution and chromatographing with ethyl acetate Purification gave the sulfone alcohol.   P-Anisylthioacetophenone 1 (0.8 g, 3.10 g) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (5 mL). (S) -oxaborolidine catalyst 2 (0.168 g, 0.6 mmol) Was added and stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. Borane-methyl in tetrahydrofuran A solution of sulfide (2M, obtained from Aldrich Chemicals; 1.86 mmol; 0.93 mL) The solution of ketone 1 and catalyst 2 was added dropwise at room temperature over 6 minutes. After stirring for 10 minutes, Layer chromatography (TLC) showed no starting material and a new, low The formation of a highly polar spot was shown. Add methanol (5 mL) and add 15 The reaction was quenched by stirring for minutes. Volatility on rotary evaporator The evolving material was removed and the residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (50 mL). Organic extract The water, 1N HCl, water, 10% NaHCOThree, Washed with brine, and with magnesium sulfate Dried. Concentrate the organic extract and turn Carbinol 3 into a clear pale yellow oil (0.76 g; 94% yield).   HPLC: AS-column (5% i-PrOH in hexane); Rt: about 19 minutes; R: S = 97: 3 (94% ee / R- alcohol)   [α] D = + 26.1 (c = 0.1; CHClThree)   A clear, pale yellow solution of 3 (0.76 g, 2.92 mmol) in anhydrous dichloroethane (8 mL) was solidified. Body NaHCOThree(0.6 g; 7 mmol) and solid meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (1.1 g; 6.43 mm ol) at room temperature. Equip the flask with a reflux condenser and The reaction mixture was heated to reflux. TLC after 8 hours shows that 3 is absent, and Showed the formation of more polar spots. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Yes The organic layer is decanted from the white precipitate of sodium salt and the solid residue is Washed with styrene (2 × 20 mL). Combined organic extracts in water, 10% NaTwoSTwoOThreeSolution, water, 10% NaHCOThreeWashed with solution and brine. Dry the organic layer over magnesium sulfate And concentrated to give about 0.8 g of a pale yellow solid. Flash silica gel chromatography Chromatography (20% EtOAc-CHTwoClTwo) To give 0.75 g (1 to 88%) of sulfo as a white solid. I got it. Melting point: 125 ° C. to 126 ° C. [α] D = + 22.1 (C = 0.095; CHClThree)   Triethyl in a suspension of alcohol (4.0 g, 13.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) Amine (2.75 g, 27.2 mmol) was added. The mixture is cooled in an ice / water bath and Tansulfonyl chloride (1.87 g, 16.3 mmol) was added dropwise. After 1 hour, remove the mixture Dilute with chloromethane and water, 2% HCl water, 10% NaHCOThreeAnd wash with brine Was. After drying over sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to give the crude product as a gum. Was. It was used without further purification.   2- (R) -methylpiperazine (30 g, 0.3 mol) and cyclohexanone (32 g, 0.33 mol l) was dissolved in methylene chloride (60 mL) and cooled in an ice / water bath. Where titanium (IV) A solution of isopropoxide (93 g, 0.33 mol) was added dropwise. Stirring continued at 0 ° C for 1 hour Then, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Cyanoboron hydride in methanol (200 mL) Sodium (21 g, 0.33 mol) was added with stirring for 24 hours. Mix the mixture with 1 L Diluted with chill and stirred with 400 mL of 10% NaOH for 1 hour. Contains white precipitate The aqueous solution was discarded. Wash the organic layer with water and brine, followed by rotary evaporation. It was concentrated by a evaporator. Residue 25: 1CHTwoClTwo/ MeOH (saturated with aqueous ammonia) Purified by lash chromatography. Yield 50%.   Mesylate from step 2 (4.8 g, 13 mmol) and 1-cyclohexyl-3 (R) -methyl Piperazine (3.5 g, 19.4 mmol) in 40 mL CHThreeDissolve in CN and continue stirring for 24 hours While heating to 60 ° C. and then refluxing for 8 hours. Remove the solvent and remove the residue with vinegar Dissolved in ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 10% sodium carbonate and brine. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was chromatographed with 4: 1 dichloromethane / acetone. I graphed. If step 1a is used, two diastereomers (compound 656 and And 667) were recovered in a 1: 1 ratio (656: Rf 0.40, ethyl acetate: elemental analysis: calculated: C  68.39, H 7.95, N 6.13, S 7.02, Found: C 68.01, H 8.02, N 6.09, S 7.05 . 667: Rf 0.30, ethyl acetate: found: C 68.06, H 8.08, N 6.18, S 6.84). If step 1b uses (S) -oxaborolidine as starting material then the product is 656, and the (R) -oxaborolidine catalyst gives 667.   The following compounds were prepared by appropriate choice of starting materials. In these tables, Note the following applications:   t-BOC means t-butylloxycarbonyl (t-butloxycarbonyl). Compound Numbering is inconsistent. (+) Or (-) after the compound number gives data. Shows the light-emitting properties of the stereoisomers to be obtained. `` IsoA '' or `` I '' after the compound number So-B '' is a compound that has the same structural formula regardless of photosensitivity. Indicates the assignment of A or B in If a chiral atom is identified, "isoA", or Is "isoB" is listed after the substituent for this atom. NBA is Nitrobenzyl Al Call. G / TG is glycerol / thioglycerol. Chex, Shik Lohexyl is meant.   In a similar manner, compounds 600-804 in the preceding table have the following physical data Manufactured:

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 FI A61K 31/495 AAM A61K 31/495 AAM 31/505 31/505 31/535 31/535 C07D 211/22 C07D 211/22 211/24 211/24 211/26 211/26 211/58 211/58 211/62 211/62 271/06 271/06 295/08 295/08 A 295/12 295/12 A 295/14 295/14 A 307/33 309/12 309/12 317/28 317/28 317/62 317/62 401/12 239 401/12 239 401/14 239 401/14 239 403/12 239 403/12 239 405/12 241 405/12 241 307/32 P (81)指定国 EP(AT,BE,CH,DE, DK,ES,FR,GB,GR,IE,IT,LU,M C,NL,PT,SE),OA(BF,BJ,CF,CG ,CI,CM,GA,GN,ML,MR,NE,SN, TD,TG),AP(KE,LS,MW,SD,SZ,U G),UA(AZ,BY,KG,KZ,MD,RU,TJ ,TM),AL,AM,AU,AZ,BB,BG,BR ,BY,CA,CN,CZ,EE,FI,GE,HU, IS,JP,KG,KR,KZ,LK,LR,LT,L V,MD,MG,MK,MN,MX,NO,NZ,PL ,RO,RU,SG,SI,SK,TJ,TM,TR, TT,UA,UZ,VN (72)発明者 チャン,ウェイ アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07039,リビングストン,ウエスト セダ ー ストリート 63 (72)発明者 コズロウスキ,ジョセフ アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 08543−7391,プリンストン,ピー.オー. ボックス 7391 (72)発明者 バーガー,ジョエル ジー. アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07009,セダー グローブ,ダブリュー. リンズレー ロード 50 (72)発明者 マッククエイド,ロバート アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07076,スコッチ プレインズ,マウンテ ンビュー アベニュー 221 (72)発明者 バーネット,アレン アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07058,パイン ブルック,フランダース ドライブ 13 (72)発明者 シェーロック,マーガレット アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07003,ブルームフィールド,パークウェ イ ウエスト 34 (72)発明者 トム,ウィング アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07009,セダー グローブ,セダー グロ ーブ パークウェイ 133 (72)発明者 デュガー,サンディープ アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 08807,ブリッジウォーター,ウィンゲイ ト ドライブ 749 (72)発明者 チェン,ライアン−ヨン アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 08802,エディソン,ヒドン バレー ド ライブ 211 (72)発明者 クレイダー,ジョン ダブリュー. アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07016,クランフォード,エヌ.ユニオン アベニュー 428 (72)発明者 チャカラマニル,サミュエル アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 08816,イースト ブランスウィック,ス トラットフォード ロード 79 (72)発明者 ワン,ユガン アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 08902,ノース ブランスウィック,プリ ンセス ドライブ 38 (72)発明者 マコンビー,スチュアート ダブリュー. アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07006,カルドウェル,ハンフォード プ レイス 28 (72)発明者 タガット,ジャヤラム アール. アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07090,ウエストフィールド,ボイントン コート 133 (72)発明者 バイス,スーザン エフ. アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07902,マウンテンサイド,ソーミル ロ ード 1144 (72)発明者 バカロ,ワイン アメリカ合衆国 ペンシルバニア 19067, ヤードリー,ウエストオーバー ロード 1706 (72)発明者 グリーン,マイケル ジェイ. アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 08558,スキルマン,メドウ ラン ドラ イブ 43 (72)発明者 ブローン,マーガレット イー. アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07003,ブルームフィールド,ハイフィー ルド ロード 26 (72)発明者 アスベロム,セオドロス アメリカ合衆国 ニュージャージー 07052,ウエスト オレンジ,イーグル ロック アベニュー 525──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code FI A61K 31/495 AAM A61K 31/495 AAM 31/505 31/505 31/535 31/535 C07D 211/22 C07D 211/22 211 / 24 211/24 211/26 211/26 211/58 211/58 211/62 211/62 271/06 271/06 295/08 295/08 A 295/12 295/12 A 295/14 295/14 A 307 / 33 309/12 309/12 317/28 317/28 317/62 317/62 401/12 239 401/12 239 401/14 239 401/14 239 403/12 239 403/12 239 405/12 241 405 / 12 241 307/32 P (81) Designated countries EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), OA (BF , BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (KE, LS) MW, SD, SZ, UG), UA (AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AL, AM, AU, AZ, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CN, CZ , EE, FI, GE, HU, IS, JP, KG, KR, KZ, LK, LR, LT, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MX, NO, NZ, PL, RO, RU, SG, SI, SK, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UZ, VN (72) Inventor Chang, Way United States of America New Jersey 07039, Livingston, West Cedar Street 63 (72) Inventor Kozlowski, Joseph United States of America New Jersey 08543-7391, Princeton, P. O. Box 7391 (72) Inventor Burger, Joel Gee, United States New Jersey 07009, Cedar Grove, W. Linsley Road 50 (72) Inventor McQuaid, Robert United States of America New Jersey 07076, Scotch Plains, Mountain View Avenue 221 (72) Inventor Barnet, Allen United States 07058, Pine Brook, Flanders Drive 13 (72) Inventor Sherlock, Margaret United States New Jersey 07003, Bloomfield, Parkway West 34 (72) Inventor Tom, Wing United States New Jersey 07009, Cedar Grove, Cedar Grove Parkway 133 (72) Inventor Dugar, Sundeep United States New Jersey 08807, Bridgow Ta, Wingei door drive 749 (72) inventor Chen, Ryan -. Yung United States, New Jersey 08802, Edison, Hidden Valley Drive 211 (72) inventor Kureida, John W. United States, New Jersey 07016, Cranford, NV. Union Avenue 428 (72) Inventor Chacala Manil, Samuel United States of America New Jersey 08816, East Brunswick, Stratford Road 79 (72) Inventor One, Yugan United States of America New Jersey 08902, North Brunswick, Princess Drive 38 (72) Inventor Macombie United States New Jersey 07006, Caldwell, Hanford Preyce 28 (72) Inventor Tagat, Jayalam Earl. United States New Jersey 07090, Westfield, Boynton Court 133 (72) Inventor Vice, Susan F. United States New Jersey 07902, Mountain Side, Sawmill Road 1144 (72) Inventor Baccaro, Wine United States Pennsylvania 19067, Yardley, C Stover Road 1706 (72) Inventor Green, Michael Jay. United States New Jersey 08558, Skillman, Meadowland Drive 43 (72) Inventor Bloan, Margaret E. United States New Jersey 07003, Bloomfield, Highfield Road 26 (72) Inventor Asverom, Theodoros United States New Jersey 07052, West Orange, Eagle Rock Avenue 525

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1.全ての異性体ならびにそれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩、エステル、および溶 媒化合物を包含する、構造式Iを有する化合物であって、 ここで、YおよびZの1つはNであり、そして他はN、CH、またはC-アルキル であり; Xは、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NR6-、-CO-、-CH2-、-CS-、-C(OR5)2-、-C(S R5)2-、-CONR20-、-C(アルキル)2-、-C(H)(アルキル)-、-NR20-SO2-、-NR20CO- 、 であり; Rは アシル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、2個までのアルキル基で置換されるシ クロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、ビシクロアルキル、アリールアルケニル、ベ ンジル、独立して選択される3個までのR3基で置換されるベンジル、シクロア ルキルアルキル、ポリハロアシル、ベンジルオキシアルキル、ヒドロキシC2〜C2 0 アルキル、アルケニルカルボニル、アルキルアリールスルホニル、アルコキシ カルボニルアミノアシル、アルキルスルホニル、またはアリールスルホニル、さ ら に、Xが-CH2-である場合、Rはまた-OHであり得る;さらに加えて、XがNでは ない場合、Rはまたヒドロキシメチルであり得、さらに加えて、RおよびXは、 結合してProt-(NOAA)r-NH-基を形成し得、ここで、rは1〜4の整数であり、Pr otは窒素保護基であり、そしてrが1である場合、NOAAは天然に存在するアミノ 酸またはそのエナンチオマーであり、あるいは、rが2〜4である場合、各NOAA は天然に存在するアミノ酸またはそのエナンチオマーから独立して選択されるペ プチドであり; R1およびR21は、独立して、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、シク ロアルケニル、ビシクロアルキル、アルキニル、シアノ、アミノアルキル、アル コキシカルボニル、アミノカルボニル、ヒドロキシグアニジノ、アルコキシカル ボニルアルキル、フェニルアルキル、アルキルカルボニルオキシアルキル、 H、-OH、(ただし、R1およびR21は両方とも-OHではなく、そしてYはNでは ない)、ホルミル、-COアルキル、-COアシル、-COアリール、およびヒドロキシ アルキルからなる群から選択され;さらに、R1およびR21は一緒になって、以 下の基 を形成し得、さらに加えて、R1およびR21は、それらが付着する炭素原子と共 に、基 を形成し得、あるいは、R1およびR21は、それらが付着する炭素原子と共に、 3個〜7個の炭素原子ならびにS、O、およびNHから選択される1つの基を含む 飽和ヘテロシクロ環を形成し得; R2は、H、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、1個〜3個の独立して 選択されるR3基で置換されるシクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、ヒドロキシC2 〜C20アルキル、アルキニル、アルキルアミド、シクロアルキルアルキル、ヒド ロキシアリールアルキル、ビシクロアルキル、アルキニル、アシルアミノアルキ ル、アリールアルキル、ヒドロキシアルコキシアルキル、アザビシクロ、アルキ ルカルボニル、アルコキシアルキル、アミノカルボニルアルキル、アルコキシカ ルボニルアミノアルキル、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ(アルキル)アルキル; アルキルカルボニルオキシアルキル、アリールヒドロキシアルキル、アルキルカ ルボニルアミノ(アルキル)アルキル、ジアルキルアミノ、 (ここで、R29は、H、アルキル、アシル、アルコキシカルボニル、アミノカル ボニル、アルキルアミノカルボニル、ジアルキルアミノカルボニル、アルキルス ルホニル、アリールスルホニルである)、 (ここで、QはO、NOH、またはNO-アルキルである)、あるいは、Zが-CH-であ る場合、R2はまた、アルコキシカルボニル、ヒドロキシメチル、-N(R8)2であり 得; R3、R4、R22、R24、およびR25は、独立して、H、ハロ、アルコキシ、ベ ンジルオキシ、ニトロまたはアミノアルキルで置換されるベンジルオキシ、ハロ アルキル、ポリハロアルキル、ニトロ、シアノ、スルホニル、ヒドロキシ、アミ ノ、アルキルアミノ、ホルミル、アルキルチオ、ポリハロアルコキシ、アシルオ キシ、トリアルキルシリル、アルキルスルホニル、アリールスルホニル、アシ ル、アルコキシカルボニルアルキルスルフィニル;-OCONH2、-OCONH-アルキル、 -OCON(アルキル)2、-NHCOO-アルキル、-NHCO-アルキル、フェニル、ヒドロキシ アルキル、またはモルホリノからなる群から選択され; 各R5およびR6は、独立してHおよびアルキルからなる群から選択され、ただ し、XがC(OR5)2またはC(SR5)2である場合、両方のR5基はともにHではあり得 ず、そしてさらに、XがC(OR5)2またはC(SR5)2である場合、Xにおける2個のR5 基は結合して-(CH2)p-を形成し得、ここで、pは2〜4の整数であり; R7は、独立して、H、アルキル、アリールアルキル、シクロアルキル、アリ ール、およびここで定義されるR3およびR4で置換されるアリールからなる群か ら選択され; 各R8は、独立して、H、ヒドロキシアルキル、またはアルキルからなる群か ら選択され、あるいは2つのR8基が結合してアルキレン基を形成し得; R9は、H、アルキル、またはアシルであり; R20は、H、フェニル、またはアルキルであり;ならびに R27およびR28は、独立して、H、アルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、アリール アルキル、アミノアルキル、ハロアルキル、チオアルキル、アルキルチオアルキ ル、カルボキシアルキル、イミダゾリアルキル(imidazolyalkyl)、およびイン ドリアルキル(indolyalkyl)からなる群から選択され、さらにR27およびR28 は結合して、アルキレン基を形成し得る、化合物。 2.YおよびZがNである、請求項1に記載の化合物。 3.YがCHであり、そしてZがNである、請求項1に記載の化合物。 4.Rが であり、そしてXがO、SO、またはSO2である、請求項1に記載の化合物。 5.R3およびR4がHであり、そしてR1が、シクロアルキル、アルキル、また はCNでありかつR21がHであるか、またはR1およびR21が共に=CH2または=Oを 形成するかのいずれかである、請求項1または4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物 。 6.Rが であり、XがO、SO、またはSO2であり、そしてR3およびR4がHであり、そし てR1がシクロアルキル、アルキル、またはCNであり、そしてR21がHであるか 、またはR1およびR21が共に=CH2および=Oを形成するかのいずれかである、請 求項1、4、または5のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。 7.YおよびZがNであり、R1がシクロアルキル、アルキル、またはCNであり 、R21がHであり、そしてR2がシクロアルキルまたは である、請求項6に記載の化合物。 8.YがCHであり、ZがNであり、そしてR2がシクロアルキルまたは である、請求項6に記載の化合物。 9.R27およびR28の少なくとも1つがアルキルである、請求項7に記載の化合 物。 10.R27またはR28の一方がメチルであり、他方が水素である、請求項9に記 載の化合物。 11.Rが である、請求項7、8、9、または10のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。 12.以下の式 で表される化合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物であって 、ここで、R、X、R1、R8、およびR21は、以下の表 で定義される通りであるか、または以下の構造式 または を有する、化合物。 13.本明細書中に記載するこのような化合物の表における第600番〜第805番の 化合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物。 14.薬学的に受容可能なキャリアと組み合わせた、請求項1〜13のいずれか 1項に記載の化合物を包含する、薬学的組成物。 15.認識疾患または神経退化疾患を処置する方法であって、該疾患に罹患した 患者に、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の化合物の有効量を投与する工程 を包含する、方法。 16.認識疾患または神経退化疾患を処置する方法であって、該疾患に罹患した 患者に、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の化合物と、アセチルコリンエス テラーゼインヒビターとの組み合わせの有効量を投与する工程を包含する、方法 。 17.認識疾患または神経退化疾患を処置する方法であって、該疾患に罹患した 患者に、アセチルコリン放出増進化合物とアセチルコリンエステラーゼインヒビ ターとの組み合わせの有効量を投与する工程を包含する、方法。 18.前記アセチルコリン放出増進化合物が、m2選択的ムスカリン様アンタゴ ニストである、請求項17に記載の方法。 19.前記アセチルコリン放出増進化合物が、m4選択的ムスカリン様アンタゴ ニストである、請求項17に記載の方法。 20.単一パッケージ中の別々の容器中に、組み合わせて使用するための薬学的 化合物を含む、認識疾患または神経退化疾患を処置するためのキットであって、 1つの容器中に、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含み、そして 別の容器中にアセチルコリンエステラーゼインヒビターを含み、該化合物および インヒビターの各々が、薬学的に受容可能なキャリア中に存在し、そしてそれら の組み合わせた量が有効量である、キット。 21.単一パッケージ中の別々の容器中に、組み合わせて使用するための薬学的 化合物を含む、認識疾患または神経退化疾患を処置するためのキットであって、 1つの容器中に、アセチルコリン放出増進化合物を含み、そして別の容器中にア セチルコリンエステラーゼインヒビターを含み、該化合物およびインヒビターの 各々が、薬学的に受容可能なキャリア中に存在し、そしてそれらの組み合わせた 量が有効量である、キット。 22.前記アセチルコリン放出増進化合物が、m2選択的ムスカリン様アンタゴ ニストである、請求項21に記載のキット。 23.前記アセチルコリン放出増進化合物が、m4選択的ムスカリン様アンタゴ ニストである、請求項21に記載のキット。[Claims] 1. All isomers and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, and solutions A compound having structural formula I, including a mediator compound,   Wherein one of Y and Z is N, and the other is N, CH, or C-alkyl. Is;   X is -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SOTwo-, -NR6-, -CO-, -CHTwo-, -CS-, -C (ORFive)Two-, -C (S RFive)Two-, -CONR20-, -C (alkyl)Two-, -C (H) (alkyl)-, -NR20-SOTwo-, -NR20CO- , Is;   R is   Acyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, substituted with up to 2 alkyl groups Chloroalkyl, cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl, arylalkenyl, Up to three independently selected RThreeBenzyl, cycloa Alkylalkyl, polyhaloacyl, benzyloxyalkyl, hydroxy CTwo~ CTwo 0 Alkyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkylarylsulfonyl, alkoxy Carbonylaminoacyl, alkylsulfonyl, or arylsulfonyl, La X is -CHTwoIf-, R can also be -OH; in addition, when X is N If not, R can also be hydroxymethyl, and additionally, R and X are Combine to Prot- (NOAA)r-NH- group, where r is an integer from 1 to 4, Pr ot is a nitrogen protecting group, and when r is 1, NOAA is a naturally occurring amino acid An acid or its enantiomer, or when r is 2-4, each NOAA Is a pen independently selected from naturally occurring amino acids or their enantiomers Is a peptide;   R1And Rtwenty oneIs independently alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl Loalkenyl, bicycloalkyl, alkynyl, cyano, aminoalkyl, al Coxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, hydroxyguanidino, alkoxycar Bonylalkyl, phenylalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, H, -OH, (however, R1And Rtwenty oneAre not both -OH and Y is N No), formyl, -COalkyl, -COacyl, -COaryl, and hydroxy Selected from the group consisting of alkyl;1And Rtwenty oneTogether Lower group And, in addition, R1And Rtwenty oneTogether with the carbon atom to which they are attached To the base Or R1And Rtwenty oneTogether with the carbon atoms to which they attach Contains 3 to 7 carbon atoms and one group selected from S, O, and NH Can form a saturated heterocyclo ring;   RTwoIs H, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, one to three independently R to be selectedThreeSubstituted with cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, hydroxy CTwo ~ C20Alkyl, alkynyl, alkylamide, cycloalkylalkyl, hydride Roxyarylalkyl, bicycloalkyl, alkynyl, acylaminoalkyl , Arylalkyl, hydroxyalkoxyalkyl, azabicyclo, alk Carbonyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, alkoxyca Rubonylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylamino (alkyl) alkyl; Alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl, arylhydroxyalkyl, alkylca Rubonylamino (alkyl) alkyl, dialkylamino, (Where R29Is H, alkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocar Bonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkyls Ruphonyl, arylsulfonyl), (Where Q is O, NOH, or NO-alkyl), or Z is -CH- If RTwoIs also an alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxymethyl, -N (R8)TwoIs Gain;   RThree, RFour, Rtwenty two, Rtwenty four, And Rtwenty fiveIs independently H, halo, alkoxy, Benzyloxy, halo substituted with benzyloxy, nitro or aminoalkyl Alkyl, polyhaloalkyl, nitro, cyano, sulfonyl, hydroxy, amide , Alkylamino, formyl, alkylthio, polyhaloalkoxy, acylo Xy, trialkylsilyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl , Alkoxycarbonylalkylsulfinyl; -OCONHTwo, -OCONH-alkyl, -OCON (alkyl)Two, -NHCOO-alkyl, -NHCO-alkyl, phenyl, hydroxy Selected from the group consisting of alkyl, or morpholino;   Each RFiveAnd R6Is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl; X is C (ORFive)TwoOr C (SRFive)Two, Then both RFiveThe groups can both be H And X is C (ORFive)TwoOr C (SRFive)Two, Two R's in XFive The group is bonded to-(CHTwo)p-Where p is an integer from 2 to 4;   R7Is independently H, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, ant And R as defined hereinThreeAnd RFourA group consisting of aryl substituted with Selected from;   Each R8Is independently a group consisting of H, hydroxyalkyl, or alkyl Or two R8The groups may be joined to form an alkylene group;   R9Is H, alkyl, or acyl;   R20Is H, phenyl, or alkyl; and   R27And R28Is independently H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl Alkyl, aminoalkyl, haloalkyl, thioalkyl, alkylthioalkyl Carboxyalkyl, imidazolyalkyl and ind Selected from the group consisting of indolyalkyl,27And R28 Can combine to form an alkylene group. 2. 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Y and Z are N. 3. 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is CH and Z is N. 4. R is And X is O, SO, or SOTwoThe compound of claim 1, wherein 5. RThreeAnd RFourIs H and R1Is cycloalkyl, alkyl, or Is CN and Rtwenty oneIs H or R1And Rtwenty oneAre both = CHTwoOr = O 5. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 4 which either forms . 6. R is And X is O, SO, or SOTwoAnd RThreeAnd RFourIs H, and R1Is cycloalkyl, alkyl, or CN; and Rtwenty oneIs H Or R1And Rtwenty oneAre both = CHTwoAnd either form = O 6. The compound according to any one of claims 1, 4, or 5. 7. Y and Z are N, R1Is cycloalkyl, alkyl, or CN , Rtwenty oneIs H and RTwoIs cycloalkyl or The compound of claim 6, which is 8. Y is CH, Z is N, and RTwoIs cycloalkyl or The compound of claim 6, which is 9. R27And R2810. The compound of claim 7, wherein at least one of is a alkyl. Stuff. 10. R27Or R2810. The method of claim 9, wherein one is methyl and the other is hydrogen. Listed compound. 11. R is The compound according to any one of claims 7, 8, 9, or 10, wherein 12. The following formula The compound according to claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the formula: , Where R, X, R1, R8, And Rtwenty oneIn the table below As defined in or with the following structural formula Or A compound having the formula: 13. Nos. 600-805 in the table of such compounds described herein. 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of a compound. 14. 14. A method according to any of claims 1 to 13 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1. 15. A method of treating a cognitive disorder or a neurodegenerative disorder, wherein said disorder is afflicted. 14. administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 13. A method comprising: 16. A method of treating a cognitive disorder or a neurodegenerative disorder, wherein said disorder is afflicted. A patient is treated with a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 13 and acetylcholine ester. Administering an effective amount of a combination with a Terase inhibitor. . 17. A method of treating a cognitive disorder or a neurodegenerative disorder, wherein said disorder is afflicted. Patients should be given acetylcholine release-enhancing compounds and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. And administering an effective amount of the combination with the compound. 18. The acetylcholine release-enhancing compound is an m2-selective muscarinic antago 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the method is a nyst. 19. The acetylcholine release-enhancing compound is an m4-selective muscarinic antago 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the method is a nyst. 20. Pharmaceutical for use in combination in separate containers in a single package A kit for treating a cognitive or neurodegenerative disease, comprising a compound, comprising: 14. A container comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 13 in one container; An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in a separate container, wherein the compound and Each of the inhibitors is present in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and A kit wherein the combined amount of is an effective amount. 21. Pharmaceutical for use in combination in separate containers in a single package A kit for treating a cognitive or neurodegenerative disease, comprising a compound, comprising: In one container, the acetylcholine release-enhancing compound is contained and in another container A cetylcholinesterase inhibitor, wherein the compound and the inhibitor Each is present in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and their combination A kit, wherein the amount is an effective amount. 22. The acetylcholine release-enhancing compound is an m2-selective muscarinic antago 22. The kit of claim 21, which is a nyst. 23. The acetylcholine release-enhancing compound is an m4-selective muscarinic antago 22. The kit according to claim 21, which is a nyst.
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