JPH11343166A - Diatomaceous earth fired product and its production - Google Patents
Diatomaceous earth fired product and its productionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11343166A JPH11343166A JP15164098A JP15164098A JPH11343166A JP H11343166 A JPH11343166 A JP H11343166A JP 15164098 A JP15164098 A JP 15164098A JP 15164098 A JP15164098 A JP 15164098A JP H11343166 A JPH11343166 A JP H11343166A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- product
- diatomaceous earth
- fired
- temperature
- binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、珪藻土焼成製品と
その製造方法に関するものである。The present invention relates to a diatomaceous earth fired product and a method for producing the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】珪藻土は、単細胞藻類である珪藻の遺骸
からなる珪素質（含水非晶質二酸化珪素を主成分とす
る）の堆積物で、我が国の能登地方において天然物とし
て入手でき、大きさは、平均で約２５μm 程度であり、
表面及び内部に１μm 〜０．１μm 程度の微細な気孔を
多数有しており、通常、粘土、火山灰、有機物などが混
入しており、黄灰色（純粋なものは白色）をなしてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art Diatomaceous earth is a siliceous (mainly composed of hydrous amorphous silicon dioxide) composed of diatom remains, a unicellular algae, and is available as a natural product in the Noto region of Japan. Is about 25 μm on average,
It has a large number of fine pores of about 1 μm to 0.1 μm on the surface and inside, and usually contains clay, volcanic ash, organic substances, etc., and is yellow-gray (pure is white).
【０００３】珪藻は、外面が珪酸質の基衣又は組織から
なる微細な水生植物の藻類（植物性プランクトン）の一
種で、種類は多く、淡水中や海水中に棲息し、魚などの
餌となっている。個々の珪藻は、極めて微少（普通１０
〜５０μm 、中には１００μm 位のもある）で、肉眼で
その形を確認できない。[0003] Diatoms are a type of fine aquatic plant algae (phytoplankton) having an outer surface composed of siliceous basement or tissue. Many types of diatoms inhabit freshwater or seawater, and feed on fish and other foods. Has become. Individual diatoms are extremely small (usually 10
.About.50 .mu.m, some of which are about 100 .mu.m), and its shape cannot be confirmed with the naked eye.
【０００４】この珪藻なる生物は、体の周囲に珪酸（Ｓ
ｉＯ2 ）質なる殻を造り、珪藻が死ぬことで、原形質が
分解してなくなり、珪酸質の殻のみが残り、そのまま海
底や湖底に沈積して珪藻殻からなる地層を形成したもの
が珪藻土である。しかし、珪藻殻のみの堆積は稀で、堆
積条件によって、各種の粘土や砂、または、海綿、放散
虫、鞭毛虫など、他の生物の遺骸など、有機物を含んで
地層となっている場合が多い。[0004] This diatom is composed of silicic acid (S
iO 2 ) diatomaceous husks are formed, and diatoms die, the protoplasm is not decomposed, only silicate husks remain, and diatomaceous earth is deposited as it is on the seabed or lake bottom to form a diatom shell It is. However, the deposition of diatom shells alone is rare, and depending on the deposition conditions, the layer may contain organic matter, such as various types of clay and sand, or remains of other organisms such as sponges, radiolarians, and flagellates. Many.
【０００５】能登地方には、珪藻土の堆積地層が多く見
られ、物産の有効利用が強く求められている。[0005] In the Noto region, there are many sedimentary layers of diatomaceous earth, and effective utilization of products is strongly demanded.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来、珪藻土は、吸着
剤、濾過材、保温材、研磨材として利用されているが、
陶磁器のような焼成製品の主成分としては、利用されて
いない。Conventionally, diatomaceous earth has been used as an adsorbent, a filter, a heat insulator, and an abrasive.
It is not used as a main component of fired products such as ceramics.
【０００７】その理由は、本発明者の研究によれば、珪
藻土自体の物理的特性が、陶磁器の原料と異なり、多孔
質であるため、次のような問題点があることが解明でき
た。即ち、通常の陶磁器は、原料にバインダー及び水を
配合して混練し、適宜の形態に造形後、水分を減少させ
るために乾燥し、その後、焼成窯内で焼成して素焼製品
とされ、その後、適宜、釉薬が塗布され、再び焼成窯内
で焼成されて完成品とされるが、これと同様な工程で珪
藻土を製作すると、先ず、乾燥の段階で亀裂破損するも
のが多発し、また、素焼段階での造形物の焼成工程でも
亀裂破損が多発し、さらに、釉薬塗布後の焼成において
も亀裂破損が多発した。その理由は、珪藻土が、従来の
陶磁器原料とは異なり、多孔質であるため、乾燥段階で
の体積収縮率が高く（約１０％強）、容器状の造形物の
場合、底部に割れが多発していた。従って、造形後の乾
燥段階で体積収縮率のバランスをとる工夫が必要である
ことが先ず判明した。次に、乾燥後の焼成においても、
焼成条件を適切に設定する必要があることが判明した。
さらに、素焼製品に釉薬を塗布して焼成する段階におい
ても、釉薬の剥離や製品の亀裂破損の恐れがあり、この
段階でも十分な工夫が必要であることが判明した。[0007] The reason is that, according to the study of the present inventor, it has been clarified that the physical properties of diatomaceous earth itself are different from those of ceramic raw materials, and that diatomaceous earth has the following problems. That is, ordinary porcelain is made by mixing a raw material with a binder and water, kneading, shaping into an appropriate form, drying in order to reduce moisture, and then firing in a firing furnace to obtain an unfired product. As appropriate, glaze is applied and fired again in the firing furnace to obtain a finished product.However, if diatomaceous earth is manufactured in the same process as this, first, cracks and breakage frequently occur at the drying stage, Cracking was frequent in the firing process of the shaped article at the unglazing stage, and cracking was frequent in firing after applying the glaze. The reason is that diatomaceous earth is porous, unlike conventional porcelain raw materials, so the volume shrinkage in the drying stage is high (more than about 10%), and in the case of a container-like shaped article, cracks frequently occur at the bottom. Was. Therefore, it was first found that it was necessary to devise a method of balancing the volume shrinkage at the drying stage after molding. Next, in firing after drying,
It has been found that the firing conditions need to be set appropriately.
Furthermore, at the stage where the glaze is applied to the unglazed product and fired, there is a possibility that the glaze may be peeled off or the product may be cracked, and it has been found that sufficient measures are required at this stage.
【０００８】本発明は、乾燥及び焼成条件を工夫し、ま
た、バインダーの材質並びに釉薬塗布後の焼成冷却条件
を工夫して前述した亀裂破損等の問題を克服し、しか
も、珪藻土の特質である多孔質を活かして陶磁器にない
特性を具備した珪藻土焼成製品とその製造方法を提供す
ることを目的としている。The present invention overcomes the aforementioned problems such as crack breakage by devising drying and firing conditions, devising the binder material and firing and cooling conditions after applying the glaze, and is a characteristic of diatomaceous earth. It is an object of the present invention to provide a diatomaceous earth fired product having characteristics not available in ceramics by utilizing the porosity and a method for producing the same.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記目的を達成するため
に本発明は、珪藻土を主成分とし、かつ、これに混入さ
れたバインダーを含み、所定形状に造形及び焼成され、
全体的に珪藻殻が所有する多数の微細気孔を具備させた
ことを特徴とする珪藻土焼成製品を提供するものであ
る。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a diatomaceous earth as a main component and a binder mixed therein, which is shaped and fired into a predetermined shape,
An object of the present invention is to provide a diatomaceous earth fired product characterized by having a large number of micropores possessed by a diatom shell as a whole.
【００１０】本発明の製品は、珪藻土を主成分としてい
るため、珪藻土特有の多数の微細気孔を具備する多孔質
により、加熱調理用鍋や容器類（底部加熱により微細気
孔が煮汁類中を無数に立ち昇り対流を旺盛にしつつ煮汁
類を攪拌させて煮物への熱伝達を良好とし、煮汁類の上
面に発生する泡を連続的に破壊消滅させて噴き零れを防
止することができる）、食品保存用容器（多孔質空隙を
保温、断熱空間に利用することができる）、植物プラン
ター類（多孔質組織を毛細管現象に利用して植物の根腐
れを防止できる）、脱湿置物類（多孔質空隙で水分を吸
収し、加熱又は乾燥させれば機能回復可能）等に利用
し、従来の陶磁器にない優れた特性を発揮させることが
できる。Since the product of the present invention is mainly composed of diatomaceous earth, it has a large number of fine pores peculiar to diatomaceous earth. , The convection is strong and the boil is stirred to improve the heat transfer to the boiled food, and the bubbles generated on the top of the boil are continuously destroyed and eliminated to prevent spilling.) Containers for preservation (porous voids can be used for heat insulation and insulated space), plant planters (capable of preventing root rot of plants by using porous tissue for capillary action), dehumidified figurines (porous Water can be absorbed in the voids, and the function can be recovered by heating or drying.) It is possible to exhibit excellent properties not found in conventional ceramics.
【００１１】前記バインダーとしては、木節粘土と無水
珪酸と適量の水、又は、流紋系天然ガラス粉をそれらに
加えて使用する。上記木節粘土は、湖沼等に植物と泥と
が堆積し、フミン酸の影響で泥がカオリン化したもの
で、炭化した木片を含むため木節粘土と呼ばれ、粘土粒
子は極めて細かく、高耐火性であり、良く焼き締まり、
強可塑性を有する。また、上記無水珪酸は、二酸化珪素
であって、石英ガラスとなり、流紋系天然ガラス粉と共
に焼成製品をガラス質化してその強度を増加する性質を
もち、本発明者はこれらの特性に着目して、珪藻土のバ
インダーに使用したものであり、これにより、珪藻土を
主成分とする焼成製品の強度向上を図ったものである。As the binder, Kibushi clay, silicic acid anhydride and an appropriate amount of water, or a natural glass powder of a flowing system are used in addition thereto. The above-mentioned Kibushi clay is obtained by depositing plants and mud on lakes and marshes, and the mud is kaolinized under the influence of humic acid.It is called Kibushi clay because it contains carbonized wood chips, and the clay particles are extremely fine and high Fire resistant, well-baked,
It has strong plasticity. In addition, the above-mentioned silicic acid anhydride is silicon dioxide, which becomes quartz glass, and has a property of vitrifying a fired product together with a flowable natural glass powder to increase its strength. Thus, it is used as a binder for diatomaceous earth, thereby improving the strength of a baked product containing diatomaceous earth as a main component.
【００１２】前記焼成品は、釉薬掛け処理されていても
よく、このように、釉薬掛け処理すれば、前記特性に加
えて、強度増加、平滑性向上、色彩等の模様付与や美的
外観の向上等が図れ、前記用途の他、タイル等にも利用
することができる。The fired product may be subjected to a glaze treatment. In this way, the glaze treatment may increase the strength, improve smoothness, impart a pattern such as color, and improve the aesthetic appearance, in addition to the above-mentioned characteristics. It can be used for tiles in addition to the above-mentioned applications.
【００１３】また、本発明は、珪藻土にバインダーと水
を混ぜて練り、この混練物を所定形状に造形した後、底
部に造形物の収縮バランスを調整するための布を敷設し
て乾燥させた後、焼成して製品とすることを特徴とする
珪藻土焼成製品の製造方法を提供するものである。Further, according to the present invention, a diatomaceous earth is mixed with a binder and water and kneaded. After shaping the kneaded material into a predetermined shape, a cloth for adjusting the shrinkage balance of the shaped material is laid and dried. Thereafter, the present invention provides a method for producing a diatomaceous earth fired product, which is fired to obtain a product.
【００１４】上記のように、本発明は、乾燥段階で造形
物の底部に布を敷設することにより、底部は他の部分よ
り乾き難いので、布で吸水蒸散させて他の部分の乾き具
合と揃えることができ、造形物の亀裂破損を確実に防止
することができ、その後の焼成による製品の歩留まりを
向上させることができる。As described above, according to the present invention, by laying a cloth on the bottom of the model at the drying stage, the bottom is harder to dry than other parts. It is possible to make the shapes uniform, to prevent the molded article from being cracked, and to improve the product yield by subsequent firing.
【００１５】前述した理由から本発明は、バインダーと
して、木節粘土と無水珪酸及び適量の水、又は、流紋系
天然ガラス粉をそれらに加えて使用したものである。こ
の場合、前記珪藻土とバインダーとは、大凡、珪藻土１
０部、木節粘土１部〜３部、好ましくは２部、無水珪酸
１部〜３部、好ましくは１部及び適量の水、又は、流紋
系天然ガラス粉１部〜３部、好ましくは１部をそれらに
加えて配合混練したもので、この配合割合が珪藻土焼成
製品の製品歩留まりが最良であった。For the above-mentioned reasons, the present invention uses Kibushi clay and silicic acid and an appropriate amount of water, or a natural glass powder of a flowing system, as a binder. In this case, the diatomaceous earth and the binder are roughly
0 parts, 1 to 3 parts, preferably 2 parts of Kibushi clay, 1 to 3 parts of silicic anhydride, preferably 1 part and an appropriate amount of water, or 1 to 3 parts of rhyolite natural glass powder, preferably One part was added to the mixture, and the mixture was kneaded. This mixture ratio was the highest in the product yield of the diatomaceous earth fired product.
【００１６】前記造形物の焼成条件として、本発明は、
焼成窯内で窯内温度が１０００℃〜１２００℃、好まし
くは、１１００℃前後迄昇温して約２時間保持し、その
後、昇温を停止して焼成窯内で徐冷し、取出すことを特
徴とするものである。As the firing conditions for the shaped article, the present invention provides:
In the kiln, the temperature in the kiln is raised to about 1000 ° C. to 1200 ° C., preferably about 1100 ° C., and maintained for about 2 hours. It is a feature.
【００１７】上記焼成条件とすることにより、珪藻土を
主成分とする焼成製品の焼き割れを顕著に減少させるこ
とができ、製品歩留まりを向上させることができる。By setting the above firing conditions, the cracking of the fired product mainly composed of diatomaceous earth can be significantly reduced, and the product yield can be improved.
【００１８】さらに本発明は、前記焼成窯内から取出し
て常温迄放冷した焼成製品に釉薬掛けし、再び焼成窯内
で窯内温度が８００℃〜１０００℃、好ましくは、９０
０℃前後迄昇温して約１時間３０分保持し、その後、昇
温を停止して焼成窯内で７００℃〜６００℃、好ましく
は、６５０℃まで徐冷して焼成窯内から取り出し、急冷
することを特徴とするものである。Further, the present invention is characterized in that a glaze is applied to the calcined product which has been taken out from the calcining furnace and allowed to cool to room temperature, and the temperature in the calcining furnace is again from 800 ° C to 1000 ° C, preferably 90 ° C.
The temperature was raised to about 0 ° C. and held for about 1 hour and 30 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature was stopped, and the temperature was gradually lowered to 700 ° C. to 600 ° C., preferably 650 ° C. in the firing furnace, and then taken out of the firing furnace. It is characterized by rapid cooling.
【００１９】これにより、釉薬と珪藻土を主成分とする
焼成製品との温度変化に伴う熱膨張率の差等に起因する
焼き割れや剥離等を顕著に減少させ、釉薬掛け処理され
た珪藻土焼成製品の歩留まりを向上させることができ
る。[0019] Thereby, the cracking and peeling due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient due to the temperature change between the glaze and the baked product mainly composed of diatomaceous earth are remarkably reduced, and the glazed diatomaceous earth fired product is treated. Yield can be improved.
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の実施の形態】図１の（Ａ）は本発明に係る珪藻
土焼成製品の一例としての土鍋の縦断側面図、（Ｂ）は
該土鍋の組織の一部を拡大誇張して示す概略説明図であ
って、１は珪藻土の粒子、２はバインダー、３は釉薬
層、４は珪藻土焼成製品としての土鍋を示す。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 (A) is a longitudinal side view of an earthen pot as an example of a diatomaceous earth fired product according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 (B) is a schematic explanation showing an enlarged and exaggerated part of the structure of the earthen pot. In the figure, 1 indicates diatomaceous earth particles, 2 indicates a binder, 3 indicates a glaze layer, and 4 indicates a clay pot as a diatomaceous earth fired product.
【００２１】珪藻土焼成製品４は、種々の形態に造形さ
れ、その組織は、図１の（Ｂ）に示すように、珪藻土の
粒子１の間の空間にバインダー２が介在し、珪藻土の粒
子１同士を結合している。そして、珪藻土の粒子１は、
例えば、１０μm 〜５０μm（平均でも約２５μm 、中
には１００μm 以上のものもある）の大きさをもち、多
数の微少（例えば、１μm 〜０．１μm ）な気孔１ａを
組織全体に亘って具備する多孔質体からなるものであ
る。The diatomaceous earth fired product 4 is formed into various forms, and its structure is such that the binder 2 is interposed in the space between the diatomaceous earth particles 1 as shown in FIG. Are joined together. And the particles 1 of diatomaceous earth
For example, it has a size of 10 μm to 50 μm (about 25 μm on average, some of which are 100 μm or more), and has a large number of minute (for example, 1 μm to 0.1 μm) pores 1a throughout the tissue. It is made of a porous body.
【００２２】上記バインダーとしては、木節粘土及び無
水珪酸を使用する。上記木節粘土は、湖沼等に植物と泥
とが堆積し、フミン酸の影響で泥がカオリン化したもの
で、炭化した木片を含むため木節粘土と呼ばれ、粘土粒
子は極めて細かく（例えば、２００メッシュ以上）、高
耐火性であり、良く焼き締まり、強可塑性を有する。ま
た、上記無水珪酸は、二酸化珪素であって、石英ガラス
となり、流紋系天然ガラス粉（適当な粒度、例えば、８
０〜１２０メッシュ程度が好ましい）と共に焼成製品を
ガラス質化してその強度を増加する性質をもち、本発明
者はこれらの特性に着目して、珪藻土のバインダーに使
用したものであり、これにより、珪藻土を主成分とする
焼成製品の強度向上を図ったものである。As the binder, Kibushi clay and silicic anhydride are used. The above-mentioned Kibushi clay is a material in which plants and mud are deposited in lakes and marshes, and the mud is kaolinized under the influence of humic acid, and is called Kibushi clay because it contains carbonized wood chips, and the clay particles are extremely fine (for example, , 200 mesh or more), high fire resistance, good baking, and strong plasticity. Further, the above-mentioned silicic acid anhydride is silicon dioxide, which becomes quartz glass, and which is formed of a natural glass powder having a flow pattern (appropriate particle size, for example, 8
(Preferably about 0 to 120 mesh) together with the property of increasing the strength by vitrifying the baked product. The present inventor focused on these properties and used it as a binder for diatomaceous earth. This is to improve the strength of a baked product mainly composed of diatomaceous earth.
【００２３】この場合、前記珪藻土とバインダーとは、
大凡、珪藻土１０部、木節粘土２部、無水珪酸１部及び
適量の水、又は、流紋系天然ガラス粉１部をそれらに加
えて配合混練したもので、この配合割合が珪藻土焼成製
品の製品歩留まりが最良であった。しかし、この配合割
合にのみ制約されず、適宜変更して実施してもよい。例
えば、木節粘土、無水珪酸、流紋系天然ガラス粉ともに
１部〜３部までの範囲で変更可能である。In this case, the diatomaceous earth and the binder are:
Approximately 10 parts of diatomaceous earth, 2 parts of Kibushi clay, 1 part of anhydrous silicic acid and an appropriate amount of water, or 1 part of a flowing natural glass powder were added and kneaded together. The product yield was the best. However, the present invention is not limited only to this blending ratio, and may be changed as appropriate. For example, all of Kibushi clay, silicic acid, and rhyolite natural glass powder can be changed in the range of 1 part to 3 parts.
【００２４】また、釉薬層３は、製品４の全体の表面に
形成したり、必要な部分にのみ形成することができ、用
途によっては、素焼のままで用いることができる。The glaze layer 3 can be formed on the entire surface of the product 4 or only on a necessary portion, and can be used as it is depending on the application.
【００２５】次に、本発明の製造方法を図２の作業工程
図を参照して説明する。先ず、本発明は、珪藻土（原
料）と前記バインダーと水を所定の割合（前記割合等参
照）で配合して土練機等でできるだけ均一に混練する。
混練後、この混練物を轆轤その他手作業、又は、プレス
機械等により所定形状に造形した後、底部に造形物の収
縮バランスを調整するための布を敷設して棚板等の適宜
の載置台上に載置して所定時間（当日の湿度条件や造形
物の厚さ、大きさ、形状等を考慮して例えば、１日半〜
３日等、適当な時間）自然乾燥、或いは、強制乾燥（通
風、温風等）させた後、所定の条件で焼成し、そのまま
で素焼製品とし、又は、必要に応じて、釉薬掛けし、所
定の焼成条件で焼成して製品とし、検品して出荷する。Next, the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to the working process chart of FIG. First, in the present invention, diatomaceous earth (raw material), the binder and water are blended at a predetermined ratio (see the above ratio and the like) and kneaded as uniformly as possible with a kneading machine or the like.
After kneading, the kneaded material is shaped into a predetermined shape by a potter's wheel or other manual work, or a press machine, etc., and then a cloth for adjusting the shrinkage balance of the shaped material is laid on the bottom and an appropriate mounting table such as a shelf board is provided. Placed on it for a predetermined time (for example, one and a half days in consideration of the humidity conditions of the day and the thickness, size, shape, etc. of the molded object)
3 days, etc., appropriate time) After natural drying or forced drying (ventilation, warm air, etc.), bake it under predetermined conditions, make it as unglazed product, or glaze it if necessary, The product is fired under predetermined firing conditions to make a product, inspected and shipped.
【００２６】上記のように、本発明は、乾燥段階で造形
物の底部に布を敷設することにより、底部は他の部分よ
り乾き難いので、布で吸水蒸散させて他の部分の乾き具
合と揃えて造形物の亀裂破損を極力防止し、その後の焼
成による製品の焼き割れを抑制して製品の歩留まりを向
上させるのである。その場合、造形物の形状、厚さ、大
きさ等により、使用する布の種類（木綿、不織布、ガー
ゼその他）、乾燥性、大きさ、重合枚数等を適宜選択す
ることが肝要である。As described above, according to the present invention, by laying a cloth on the bottom of the model at the drying stage, the bottom is harder to dry than other parts. In this way, it is possible to prevent cracking of the molded object as much as possible, and to suppress the product from cracking due to subsequent firing, thereby improving the product yield. In that case, it is important to appropriately select the type of cloth (cotton, non-woven fabric, gauze, and the like), the drying property, the size, the number of polymerizations, and the like, depending on the shape, thickness, size, and the like of the molded article.
【００２７】前記造形物の焼成条件として、本発明は、
例えば、トンネル式電気窯その他適宜の焼成窯内で窯内
温度が１０００℃〜１２００℃、好ましくは、１１００
℃前後迄、例えば、一定火力又は適宜の火力調節を行っ
て昇温して約２時間保持し、その後、昇温を停止して焼
成窯内で徐冷する。このように徐冷するのは、熱歪みに
よる割れを防止するためである。なお、その場合、窯内
温度が約４００℃程度迄徐冷し、この段階で焼成窯内か
ら焼成製品を取出して放冷すると、前記熱歪みによる割
れを防止しつつ窯出しを速くして次の焼成準備に移行す
ることができ、サイクルタイムを短縮できる。また、焼
成（昇温）条件は、窯の構造や造形物の厚さ、大きさ、
形状、個数等にもよるが、通常の電気窯の場合で、推奨
されている収容量を採用した場合では、窯内温度が１０
００℃〜１２００℃程度まで昇温させて約２時間保持さ
せるのが、焼き割れを抑制できる。なお、バインダーの
ガラス質化のために、１０００℃以下では、バインダー
の溶融が不十分でガラス質化が達成されない傾向があ
り、１２００℃以上では、熱エネルギーの無駄が多く、
逆に、珪藻土焼成製品に悪影響が出る不具合があり、従
って、１１００℃程度まで昇温させて約２時間保持させ
るのが好ましい。As the firing conditions for the shaped article, the present invention provides:
For example, in a tunnel type electric kiln or other appropriate firing kiln, the temperature in the kiln is 1000 ° C. to 1200 ° C., preferably 1100 ° C.
For example, a constant heating power or an appropriate heating power adjustment is performed until the temperature rises to about ℃, and the temperature is raised and held for about 2 hours. Thereafter, the heating is stopped and the temperature is gradually cooled in the firing furnace. This slow cooling is for preventing cracking due to thermal strain. In this case, the temperature in the kiln is gradually cooled to about 400 ° C., and at this stage, the fired product is taken out of the firing kiln and allowed to cool. , And the cycle time can be shortened. In addition, firing (heating) conditions are the thickness and size of the kiln structure and the shaped object,
Although it depends on the shape, number, etc., in the case of a normal electric kiln, if the recommended capacity is adopted, the kiln temperature will be 10
Raising the temperature to about 00 ° C. to 1200 ° C. and holding the temperature for about 2 hours can suppress burning cracks. In addition, for vitrification of the binder, at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or less, the binder tends to be insufficiently melted and the vitrification does not tend to be achieved. At a temperature of 1200 ° C. or more, much waste of heat energy occurs,
Conversely, there is a problem that the diatomaceous earth fired product has an adverse effect. Therefore, it is preferable to raise the temperature to about 1100 ° C. and hold the temperature for about 2 hours.
【００２８】また、前記焼成窯内から取出して常温迄放
冷した焼成製品に釉薬掛けし、再び焼成窯内で焼成する
が、この場合、窯内温度が８００℃〜１０００℃、好ま
しくは、９００℃前後迄、例えば、一定火力又は適宜に
火力調節を行って昇温して約１時間３０分保持し、その
後、昇温を停止して焼成窯内で、窯内温度が７００℃〜
６００℃、好ましくは、６５０℃程度まで徐冷して焼成
窯内から取り出し、急冷する。これにより、釉薬と珪藻
土を主成分とする焼成製品との温度変化に伴う熱膨張率
の差等に起因する焼き割れや剥離等を顕著に減少させ、
製品歩留まりを向上させて目的とする釉薬掛け処理され
た珪藻土焼成製品が得られる。前記徐冷過程で、窯内温
度が７００℃〜６００℃、好ましくは、６５０℃程度ま
で徐冷して取り出し、急冷することにより、窯出し時間
を速くして焼成窯のサイクルタイムの短縮ができるだけ
でなく、釉薬を珪藻土焼成製品の多孔質表面に急激に収
縮させて、恰も、焼き嵌めした如く強固に一体化させる
ことができ、土鍋等の加熱調理容器に適用した場合にお
ける調理加熱時での釉薬の離脱を防止することができ
る。なお、上記窯出し後の急冷は、水中に浸漬すること
によって行うことができるが、強制通風冷却や自然放冷
であってもよい。The baked product taken out of the kiln and allowed to cool to room temperature is glazed and fired again in the kiln. In this case, the temperature in the kiln is 800 to 1000 ° C., preferably 900 ° C. Up to about ℃, for example, by adjusting the heating power or heating power as appropriate, raising the temperature and holding it for about 1 hour and 30 minutes.
It is gradually cooled to 600 ° C., preferably about 650 ° C., taken out of the firing furnace, and rapidly cooled. As a result, burning cracks and peeling due to differences in thermal expansion coefficient due to temperature changes between the glaze and the baked product mainly composed of diatomaceous earth are significantly reduced,
By improving the product yield, the desired glazed diatomaceous earth fired product can be obtained. In the slow cooling process, the temperature in the kiln is gradually lowered to 700 ° C. to 600 ° C., preferably, about 650 ° C., and is taken out and quenched, thereby shortening the kiln kiln time and shortening the cycle time of the firing kiln. Instead, the glaze is rapidly shrunk to the porous surface of the diatomaceous earth fired product, and it can be integrated firmly as if shrink-fitting. The detachment of the glaze can be prevented. In addition, although the rapid cooling after taking out from a kiln can be performed by immersing in water, forced ventilation cooling or natural cooling may be used.
【００２９】釉薬としては、従来の陶磁器に使用されて
いるものを適宜選択して使用することができる。また、
釉薬掛け作業は、素焼品を常温まで冷ました状態で行う
もので、その作業は、浸漬法、スプレー法、刷毛やスポ
ンジロール等による塗布の何れかで行うものである。そ
して、焼成（昇温）条件は、窯内温度が８００℃〜１０
００℃、好ましくは、９００℃前後迄昇温して約１時間
３０分保持するのであり、この場合、８００℃以下で
は、釉薬の定着性が不完全となる傾向があり、１０００
℃以上では、熱エネルギーの無駄が多く、却って、焼き
割れ等の弊害が発生する恐れがあるためである。As the glaze, those used in conventional ceramics can be appropriately selected and used. Also,
The glaze work is performed while the unglazed product is cooled to room temperature, and the work is performed by any of the dipping method, the spray method, and the application using a brush or a sponge roll. The firing (heating) condition is such that the temperature in the kiln is 800 ° C. to 10 ° C.
The temperature is raised to about 00 ° C., preferably about 900 ° C., and held for about 1 hour and 30 minutes. In this case, if the temperature is 800 ° C. or less, the fixability of the glaze tends to be incomplete.
If the temperature is higher than ° C., a large amount of heat energy is wasted, which may cause adverse effects such as burning cracks.
【００３０】以上説明したように、本発明の珪藻土焼成
製品４は、加熱調理用鍋や容器類に適用すると、底部加
熱により微細気孔が煮汁類中を無数に立ち昇り対流を旺
盛にしつつ煮汁類を攪拌させて煮物への熱伝達を良好と
し、煮汁類の上面に発生する泡を連続的に破壊消滅させ
て噴き零れを防止することができるため、土鍋として好
適である。特に、土鍋に適用すると、底部加熱により微
細気孔内の空気が加熱膨張しつつ鍋内の煮汁類中へ流出
しながら上昇し、そのあとに微細気孔を通して外部から
空気が鍋内に侵入し、しかして、気孔が微少であるため
煮汁類が流出することはなく、外部から微少気孔を通し
て侵入した空気が加熱されて煮汁類中を連続して無数に
立ち昇り、対流を旺盛にしつつ煮汁類を攪拌させて煮物
への熱伝達を良好とし、煮汁類の上面に発生する泡を連
続的に破壊消滅させて噴き零れを防止することができる
ので、煮物の味を一層向上させることができる。As described above, when the diatomaceous earth fired product 4 of the present invention is applied to a cooking pot or a container, by heating the bottom, countless fine pores rise up in the broth innumerably, and the convection is vigorously enhanced. Is agitated to improve the heat transfer to the boiled food, and to continuously destroy and eliminate bubbles generated on the upper surface of the broth, thereby preventing spilling. In particular, when applied to an earthen pot, the air in the fine pores rises while flowing out into the broth in the pan while heating and expanding due to the bottom heating, and then air enters the pot through the fine pores from the outside, Because the pores are very small, the broth does not flow out, and the air that has entered through the micropores from the outside is heated and rises innumerably in the broth continuously, stirring the broth while enhancing convection. As a result, heat transfer to the boiled food is improved, and bubbles generated on the upper surface of the boiled juice can be continuously destroyed and eliminated to prevent spouting, so that the taste of the boiled food can be further improved.
【００３１】また、食品保存用容器に適用すると、珪藻
土の多孔質空隙を保温、断熱空間に利用することができ
るため、食品の加熱調理時の温度や加熱調理後の冷却温
度を長時間保持させることができる。冷蔵庫への食品収
納容器や電子レンジへの加熱容器に適用し得る。保冷保
存の場合、予め、容器を冷水に浸すか冷蔵庫で冷却して
おき、この状態で食品を入れて上からラップフィルム等
をオーバーラップさせて上面を封鎖するとさらに効果的
である。同様に、保温保存の場合もお湯に浸して湯水を
多孔質空隙に含ませてからラップフィルム等で封鎖する
と効果的である。なお、土鍋として使用するときには、
冷水又は湯水をたっぷり含浸させるのがよい。また、使
用後は、なるべく早く、ぬるま湯で汚れを洗い流し、適
度に乾燥して収納すると、長持ちさせることができる。Further, when applied to a food storage container, the porous voids of diatomaceous earth can be used for heat insulation and heat insulating space, so that the temperature during cooking of food and the cooling temperature after cooking can be maintained for a long time. be able to. It can be applied to food storage containers for refrigerators and heating containers for microwave ovens. In the case of cold preservation, it is more effective if the container is immersed in cold water or cooled in a refrigerator in advance, food is put in this state, and a wrap film or the like is overlapped from above and the upper surface is closed. Similarly, in the case of heat preservation, it is effective to immerse in hot water so that hot water is contained in the porous voids, and then close with a wrap film or the like. When using as a clay pot,
It is preferable to sufficiently impregnate with cold or hot water. After use, the dirt can be washed away with lukewarm water as soon as possible, and can be stored for a long time by being appropriately dried and stored.
【００３２】さらに、植物プランター類に適用すると、
多孔質組織を毛細管現象に利用して余分の水分を蒸散さ
せ、空気の流通を可能にして植物の根腐れを防止させる
ことができる。Further, when applied to plant planters,
The porous tissue can be used for capillary action to evaporate excess water, allow air to flow, and prevent root rot of the plant.
【００３３】また、脱湿置物類に適用すると、多孔質空
隙で水分を吸収し、加熱又は乾燥させれば機能を回復さ
せて反復使用を可能とできる。さらに、タイル等にも適
用でき、従って、従来の陶磁器にない優れた特性を発揮
させることができる。When applied to dehumidified objects, water can be absorbed by the porous voids, and the function can be restored by heating or drying to enable repeated use. Further, the present invention can be applied to tiles and the like, and therefore, can exhibit excellent characteristics not found in conventional ceramics.
【００３４】[0034]
【発明の効果】本発明に製品によれば、珪藻土を主成分
としているため、珪藻土特有の多数の微細気孔を具備す
る多孔質により、加熱調理用鍋や容器類、食品保存用容
器、植物プランター類、脱湿置物類、タイル等に利用
し、従来の陶磁器にない優れた特性を発揮させることが
できる。According to the product of the present invention, since diatomaceous earth is the main component, it is made of a porous material having a large number of fine pores peculiar to diatomaceous earth. For ceramics, dehumidified objects, tiles, etc., and can exhibit excellent properties not found in conventional ceramics.
【００３５】また、本発明の製造方法によれば、珪藻土
の粒子に特殊なバインダーと水を適宜混ぜて練り、この
混練物を所定形状に造形した後、底部に造形物の収縮バ
ランスを調整するための布を敷設して乾燥させた後、所
定の条件で焼成して製品とし、必要に応じて釉薬掛け処
理するものであるから、造形後の乾燥段階、焼成段階等
においても、亀裂破損を顕著に減少させて製品歩留まり
を向上させ、優れた特性をもつ珪藻土焼成製品を提供す
ることができる。Further, according to the production method of the present invention, diatomaceous earth particles are appropriately mixed with a special binder and water and kneaded. After shaping the kneaded material into a predetermined shape, the shrinkage balance of the shaped material is adjusted at the bottom. After laying the cloth for drying, it is fired under predetermined conditions to produce a product, and if necessary, glaze treatment, so that cracks are not damaged even in the drying stage after molding, firing, etc. It is possible to provide a diatomaceous earth fired product having excellent characteristics by significantly reducing the product yield and improving the product yield.
【図１】（Ａ）は本発明に係る珪藻土焼成製品の一例と
しての土鍋の縦断側面図、（Ｂ）は該土鍋の組織の一部
を拡大誇張して示す概略説明図。FIG. 1A is a longitudinal side view of an earthen pot as an example of a diatomaceous earth fired product according to the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic explanatory view showing a part of the structure of the earthen pot in an enlarged and exaggerated manner.
【図２】本発明の製造工程の概略を示す工程例図。FIG. 2 is a process example diagram showing an outline of a manufacturing process of the present invention.
１ 珪藻土の粒子 １ａ 気孔 ２ バインダー ３ 釉薬層 ４ 珪藻土焼成製品（土鍋） 1 Diatomaceous earth particles 1a Pores 2 Binder 3 Glaze layer 4 Diatomaceous earth fired product (earthen pot)
Claims (8)
されたバインダーを含み、所定形状に造形及び焼成さ
れ、全体的に珪藻殻が所有する多数の微細気孔を具備さ
せたことを特徴とする珪藻土焼成製品。1. A diatomaceous earth as a main component, including a binder mixed therein, formed and fired into a predetermined shape, and provided with a large number of fine pores possessed by the diatom shell as a whole. Diatomaceous earth fired products.
と適量の水、又は、流紋系天然ガラス粉をそれらに加え
て使用したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の珪藻土焼成
製品。2. The diatomaceous earth fired product according to claim 1, wherein Kibushi clay, silicic acid anhydride and an appropriate amount of water, or a rhyme-based natural glass powder are added thereto as a binder.
特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の珪藻土焼成製品。3. The fired diatomaceous earth product according to claim 1, wherein the fired product is subjected to a glaze treatment.
この混練物を所定形状に造形した後、底部に造形物の収
縮バランスを調整するための布を敷設して乾燥させた
後、焼成して製品とすることを特徴とする珪藻土焼成製
品の製造方法。4. A diatomaceous earth mixed with a binder and water and kneaded,
After shaping the kneaded product into a predetermined shape, a fabric for adjusting the shrinkage balance of the shaped product is laid on the bottom, dried, and fired to produce a product, which is then fired to produce a product. .
と適量の水、又は、流紋系天然ガラス粉をそれらに加え
て使用したことを特徴とする請求項４記載の珪藻土焼成
製品の製造方法。5. The method for producing a diatomaceous earth fired product according to claim 4, wherein as a binder, Kibushi clay, silicic acid anhydride, and an appropriate amount of water, or a rhodium-based natural glass powder are added thereto. .
部、好ましくは、２部、無水珪酸１部〜３部、好ましく
は、１部及び適量の水、又は、流紋系天然ガラス粉１部
〜３部、好ましくは１部をそれらに加えて配合混練した
ことを特徴とする請求項５又は６記載の珪藻土焼成製品
の製造方法。6. Approximately 10 parts of diatomaceous earth and 1 part of Kibushi clay
Parts, preferably 2 parts, 1 part to 3 parts of silicic anhydride, preferably 1 part and an appropriate amount of water, or 1 part to 3 parts, preferably 1 part, of a flowing glass powder, and then blended. The method for producing a diatomaceous earth fired product according to claim 5, wherein the product is kneaded.
内温度が１０００℃〜１２００℃、好ましくは、１１０
０℃前後迄昇温して約２時間保持し、その後、昇温を停
止して焼成窯内で徐冷し、取出すことを特徴とする請求
項４〜６の何れかに記載の珪藻土焼成製品の製造方法。7. The firing condition of the shaped article is as follows: the temperature in the firing furnace is 1000 ° C. to 1200 ° C., preferably 110 ° C.
The diatomaceous earth fired product according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the temperature is raised to about 0 ° C and maintained for about 2 hours, and thereafter, the temperature is stopped, gradually cooled in a firing furnace, and taken out. Manufacturing method.
けし、再び焼成窯内で窯内温度が８００℃〜１０００
℃、好ましくは９００℃前後迄昇温して約１時間３０分
保持し、その後、昇温を停止して焼成窯内で７００℃〜
６００℃、好ましくは６５０℃まで徐冷して焼成窯内か
ら取り出し、急冷することを特徴とする請求項７記載の
珪藻土焼成製品の製造方法。8. The baked product taken out of the kiln is glazed, and the temperature in the kiln is again set to 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
C., preferably about 900 ° C., and maintained for about 1 hour 30 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature was stopped and 700 ° C.
The method for producing a diatomaceous earth fired product according to claim 7, wherein the diatomaceous earth fired product is gradually cooled to 600 ° C, preferably 650 ° C, taken out of the firing furnace, and rapidly cooled.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15164098A JP2927415B1 (en) | 1998-06-01 | 1998-06-01 | Diatomaceous earth fired product and its manufacturing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15164098A JP2927415B1 (en) | 1998-06-01 | 1998-06-01 | Diatomaceous earth fired product and its manufacturing method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2927415B1 JP2927415B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
| JPH11343166A true JPH11343166A (en) | 1999-12-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15164098A Expired - Fee Related JP2927415B1 (en) | 1998-06-01 | 1998-06-01 | Diatomaceous earth fired product and its manufacturing method |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP2927415B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008237690A (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-09 | Suzuki Sangyo Shizai Kk | Water absorption plate for tsukemen |
| JP2020175510A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2020-10-29 | 丸越工業株式会社 | Molding material with diatom earth and manufacturing method of diatom earth products |
| CN111908890A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-10 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Wood leaf functional cup based on pore-forming process and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008308354A (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-12-25 | Shoichi Miyasaka | Porcelain tile and its manufacturing method |
| JP2008308353A (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-12-25 | Shoichi Miyasaka | Porcelain tile and its manufacturing method |
| CN107009504A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-04 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Mould that a kind of utilization diatom ooze makes and preparation method thereof |
| CN112137419B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2024-03-01 | 武汉苏泊尔炊具有限公司 | Non-stick master batch, method for producing non-stick master batch, non-stick material, and cooking utensil |
-
1998
- 1998-06-01 JP JP15164098A patent/JP2927415B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008237690A (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-09 | Suzuki Sangyo Shizai Kk | Water absorption plate for tsukemen |
| JP2020175510A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2020-10-29 | 丸越工業株式会社 | Molding material with diatom earth and manufacturing method of diatom earth products |
| CN111908890A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-10 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Wood leaf functional cup based on pore-forming process and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2927415B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
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