JPH11307354A - High efficiency and high speed rotary machine - Google Patents
High efficiency and high speed rotary machineInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11307354A JPH11307354A JP12278098A JP12278098A JPH11307354A JP H11307354 A JPH11307354 A JP H11307354A JP 12278098 A JP12278098 A JP 12278098A JP 12278098 A JP12278098 A JP 12278098A JP H11307354 A JPH11307354 A JP H11307354A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- steel sheet
- rotary machine
- surface layer
- rotor
- sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、家電、情報、自動
車、産業用機器、電力などの分野に用いられるインバー
タ駆動の高速回転機に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an inverter-driven high-speed rotating machine used in fields such as home appliances, information, automobiles, industrial equipment, and electric power.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、ロータ部分の磁石として永久磁石
を用いたり、あるいはロータの一部に磁石を含むSPM
(Surface Permanent Magnet)モータやIPM(Interi
or Permanent Magnet)モータ、あるいはロータに磁石
を含まないリラクタンスモータ(スイッチトリラクタン
ス(SR)モータ、シンクロナス(同期式)リラクタン
スモータ、ホモポーラ(バイポーラ)モータ)等につい
て実用化が進んでいる。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, permanent magnets have been used as rotor magnets, or SPMs containing a magnet in a part of the rotor.
(Surface Permanent Magnet) motor and IPM (Interior
or Permanent Magnet) motors, or reluctance motors whose rotors do not include magnets (switched reluctance (SR) motors, synchronous (synchronous) reluctance motors, homopolar (bipolar) motors), and the like have been put into practical use.
【0003】これらのモータにおいては、種々の改良・
開発が行われているが、いずれもその開発は最適スイッ
チングや安価なセンシング技術、ならびに銅損、機械
損、騒音等を抑え効率を最大とするモータ構造設計に労
力が注がれ、鉄心材料はモータの大部分の構成部品であ
るのにもかかわらずほとんど検討されていない。[0003] In these motors, various improvements and
Development has been carried out, but all of these efforts have been focused on optimal switching and inexpensive sensing technology, as well as on motor structure design that maximizes efficiency by suppressing copper loss, mechanical loss, noise, etc. Despite being a major component of the motor, little has been considered.
【0004】さらに、最近は、装置の小型化、省力化を
目的として、高速回転のモータ、発電機が数多く検討さ
れているが、いまだ実用化途上であり、種々の問題点を
有している。Further, recently, a number of high-speed rotating motors and generators have been studied for the purpose of downsizing and labor saving of the apparatus, but they are still in practical use and have various problems. .
【0005】例えば、高速発電機はSPMで実用化が進
んでいるが、ロータに使用する永久磁石にはNdFeB
磁石が最適な材料の一つと考えられており、その磁気特
性を発揮するためにロータ温度を100℃程度までに抑
える必要があるが、そのためには、ステータに鉄損の少
ない鉄心材料を選択する必要がある。For example, high-speed generators are being put to practical use with SPM, but NdFeB is used as a permanent magnet for the rotor.
A magnet is considered to be one of the most suitable materials, and it is necessary to suppress the rotor temperature to about 100 ° C. in order to exhibit its magnetic properties. To that end, select an iron core material with a small iron loss for the stator. There is a need.
【0006】また、SRモータはリラクタンストルクを
利用するモータの中でも、モータの小型化のために高速
化が有効であるが、その事例はほとんどない。これは、
軸受け精度や鉄心からの発熱(鉄損)が大きな問題であ
り、モータ効率が劣るからである。[0006] Among SR motors that use reluctance torque, it is effective to increase the speed of the SR motor in order to reduce the size of the motor. this is,
This is because bearing accuracy and heat generation (iron loss) from the iron core are serious problems, and motor efficiency is poor.
【0007】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明はかかる事情に
鑑みてなされたものであって、高効率の高速回転機を提
供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has as its object to provide a high-efficiency high-speed rotating machine.
【0008】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、このよう
な高速モータや発電機等の高速回転機の損失のうち大き
なウエイトを占める鉄損を減少させるべく、その電流を
調査した。一般的に1万〜10万rpm程度の高速の回
転機の場合、回転機の種類や極数にもよるが基本周波数
は150Hz〜5kHz程度となり、さらにその倍数の
高調波およびスイッチングによるリップル電流が重畳す
る。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have investigated the current of such a high-speed rotating machine such as a high-speed motor or a generator in order to reduce iron loss which accounts for a large weight of the loss. Generally, in the case of a high-speed rotating machine of about 10,000 to 100,000 rpm, the fundamental frequency is about 150 Hz to 5 kHz, depending on the type and the number of poles of the rotating machine, and a multiple of the harmonic and ripple current due to switching are reduced. Superimpose.
【0009】本発明者の検討結果によれば、このような
高速回転機の効率を向上させるためには、従来の高級無
方向性珪素鋼板では十分ではないことが判明した。Si
含有量を増加させると電気抵抗が高くなり渦電流が抑え
られ、高周波鉄損を低減することができるため、6.5
wt.%珪素鋼板は最適な鉄心材料の一つと考えられる
が、加工性や飽和磁束密度の点で従来の無方向性珪素鋼
板と比べて多少劣る。According to the results of the study by the present inventors, it has been found that a conventional high-grade non-oriented silicon steel sheet is not sufficient to improve the efficiency of such a high-speed rotating machine. Si
When the content is increased, the electric resistance increases, the eddy current is suppressed, and high-frequency iron loss can be reduced.
wt. % Silicon steel sheet is considered to be one of the most suitable iron core materials, but is somewhat inferior to the conventional non-oriented silicon steel sheet in workability and saturation magnetic flux density.
【0010】高速回転の場合、低トルクで使用されるた
め磁束密度は必ずしも高くなく、通常の(中低速)回転
機に比べると飽和磁束密度の影響はかなり小さいと考え
られるが、ステータ、ロータ各エッジ部では実効断面積
が小さいため飽和磁束密度は高いほうが望ましい。In the case of high-speed rotation, the magnetic flux density is not always high because the motor is used at a low torque, and the influence of the saturation magnetic flux density is considered to be considerably smaller than that of a normal (medium-low speed) rotating machine. It is desirable that the saturation magnetic flux density be high at the edge because the effective area is small.
【0011】そこで、高周波鉄損が低くかつ6.5w
t.%珪素鋼板の欠点を改善することができる鉄心材料
を検討した結果、板厚方向にSi濃度勾配を形成するこ
と、具体的には表層のSi濃度を中心部のSi濃度より
0.3wt.%以上高くすることによって、高周波電流
が引き起こす高周波鉄損を従来の珪素鋼板に比べて著し
く減少させることがき、しかも飽和磁束密度も高く、加
工性も良好となることを見出した。Therefore, the high-frequency iron loss is low and 6.5 w
t. As a result of studying an iron core material capable of improving the defect of the% silicon steel sheet, formation of a Si concentration gradient in the sheet thickness direction, more specifically, 0.3 wt. It has been found that, by increasing the percentage by% or more, the high-frequency iron loss caused by the high-frequency current can be significantly reduced as compared with the conventional silicon steel sheet, and the saturation magnetic flux density is high and the workability is also good.
【0012】本発明は、このような知見に基づいてなさ
れたものであり、ロータおよびステータの少なくとも一
方のコアが、表層のSi濃度が板厚中心部のSi濃度よ
り0.3wt.%以上高い珪素鋼板を含み、回転数が7
000rpm以上であることを特徴とする、高効率高速
回転機を提供する。The present invention has been made on the basis of such findings. At least one of the cores of the rotor and the stator has a surface layer whose Si concentration is 0.3 wt. % Or more silicon steel plate, and rotation speed is 7
A high-efficiency high-speed rotating machine characterized by being at least 000 rpm.
【0013】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明について具体的に説
明する。本発明が対象とする回転機は、回転数が700
0rpm以上であり、ロータおよびステータの少なくと
も一方のコアが、表層のSi濃度が板厚中心部のSi濃
度より0.3wt.%以上高い珪素鋼板を含むものであ
る。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically. The rotating machine targeted by the present invention has a rotation speed of 700.
0 rpm or more, and at least one core of the rotor and the stator has a surface layer whose Si concentration is 0.3 wt. % Or more.
【0014】一般に鉄中のSi量を増加させていくと軟
磁気特性は向上し、6.5wt.%で最高となるが、表
層と中心のSi濃度差を0.3wt.%以上にすると、
表層の透磁率と中心部の透磁率とに差が現れる。Si均
一材の場合、渦電流が磁束の方向と垂直な面全体に流れ
るため、板厚によって渦電流損失は大きく異なり、薄く
なればなるほどこの損失は減少する。ところが表層と中
心の透磁率にある程度以上の違いがあると、磁束は表層
に閉じ込められやすくなり、渦電流は表裏面2箇所に分
散して流れるため、あたかも低Si鋼板を高Si鋼板2
枚で挟んだかのような効果が得られる。このため、鉄損
が低くなるものと考えることができる。In general, as the amount of Si in iron is increased, the soft magnetic properties are improved, and 6.5 wt. %, But the difference in Si concentration between the surface layer and the center is 0.3 wt. % Or more,
A difference appears between the magnetic permeability of the surface layer and the magnetic permeability of the central part. In the case of a uniform Si material, an eddy current flows over the entire surface perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux. Therefore, the eddy current loss varies greatly depending on the plate thickness. However, if there is a difference in the magnetic permeability between the surface layer and the center to some extent, the magnetic flux is likely to be confined in the surface layer, and the eddy current flows dispersedly at two places on the front and back surfaces.
An effect as if sandwiched between sheets is obtained. For this reason, it can be considered that iron loss is reduced.
【0015】表層と中心部のSi濃度差が0.3wt.
%未満の場合には、このような鉄損を低下させる効果を
十分に得ることができない。したがって、本発明では表
層のSi濃度が板厚中心部のSi濃度より0.3wt.
%以上高いこととしている。またSi濃度差が4wt.
%を超えるとヒステリシス損失が極端に増加するため、
4wt.%以下が好ましい。The difference in Si concentration between the surface layer and the center is 0.3 wt.
%, The effect of reducing such iron loss cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, in the present invention, the Si concentration in the surface layer is 0.3 wt.
% Or more. When the Si concentration difference was 4 wt.
%, The hysteresis loss increases extremely,
4 wt. % Or less is preferable.
【0016】板厚方向にSi濃度勾配を形成するために
はいくつかの方法が考えられる。例えば、純鉄板または
珪素鋼板の表面にSiペーストを塗布した後熱拡散を行
う方法やPVDによりSiイオンを蒸着し、同様に熱拡
散させる方法、あるいはSiCl4等の高温ガスを鋼板
に吹き付けてSiを蒸着した後、熱拡散させる熱CVD
法(浸珪法)などである。特に、最後の熱CVD法は最
も実用的な方法である。この熱CVD法で作成した鋼板
の板厚断面のSi濃度分布を図1に示す。この際の鋼板
の板厚は0.1mm、鉄損W1/10k(10kHz、0.
1Tの時の鉄損値)は7.2W/kgであった。この図
に示すように、熱CVDにより板厚方向にSiの濃度勾
配が形成されることがわかる。なお、このSi分布は、
エレクトロンプローブマイクロアナライザー(EPM
A)を用いて把握することができる。Several methods are conceivable for forming a Si concentration gradient in the thickness direction. For example, by depositing a Si ions by a method or PVD performing thermal diffusion after coating the Si paste on the surface of the pure iron or silicon steel sheet, a method to likewise thermally diffused or by blowing hot gas such as SiCl 4 in the steel sheet, Si CVD after thermal diffusion
(Silicone method). In particular, the last thermal CVD method is the most practical method. FIG. 1 shows the Si concentration distribution in the thickness section of the steel sheet prepared by the thermal CVD method. At this time, the steel plate had a thickness of 0.1 mm and an iron loss W1 / 10k (10 kHz, 0.1 kHz).
Iron loss value at 1 T) was 7.2 W / kg. As shown in this figure, it can be seen that a concentration gradient of Si is formed in the thickness direction by thermal CVD. Note that this Si distribution is
Electron probe microanalyzer (EPM
A) can be grasped.
【0017】上記いずれの方法においても、板厚方向に
均一なSi濃度を有する高珪素鋼板、例えば軟磁気特性
を有する6.5wt.%珪素鋼板を製造するためには熱
拡散が必要であり、このため炉のライン長を大きくする
こと、またはライン速度を抑えること、またはこの両方
を併用することが要求される等、製造コスト上のデメリ
ットがあるが、本発明のように板厚方向にSi濃度勾配
を形成する場合には、拡散を途中で停止するため、この
ようなデメリットが解消される。このため、均一な6.
5wt.%珪素鋼板よりもコストメリットを有する。In any of the above methods, a high silicon steel sheet having a uniform Si concentration in the thickness direction, for example, 6.5 wt. % Silicon steel sheet requires thermal diffusion, which requires a longer furnace line length, a lower line speed, or a combination of both. However, when the Si concentration gradient is formed in the thickness direction as in the present invention, the diffusion is stopped in the middle, so that such a disadvantage is solved. Therefore, the uniform 6.
5 wt. It has a cost advantage over the% silicon steel sheet.
【0018】なお、スイッチング周波数は、IGBTや
GTO、MOS−FETなど、スイッチング素子によっ
てその駆動範囲やリップル周波数が異なるが、本発明を
適用したモータは1kHz以上でその効果が発揮され
る。The switching frequency has a different driving range and ripple frequency depending on the switching element such as IGBT, GTO, MOS-FET, etc., but the motor to which the present invention is applied exhibits its effect at 1 kHz or more.
【0019】平均Si量を高くするほうが高周波鉄損が
抑制され、モータ効率は向上するが、加工性の劣化なら
びに飽和磁束密度の減少もあるため、6wt.%以下が
好ましい。打ち抜き性の面からは、本発明のように表層
Si濃度が高く中心部Si濃度が低い材料をコア材料と
して用いる場合には、中心部は延性を有するためクラッ
クが入りにくく、表層部は硬いため打ち抜き時に発生す
るバリ(だれダレ)を小さく抑えることができる。As the average Si content is increased, the high-frequency iron loss is suppressed and the motor efficiency is improved. However, the workability is deteriorated and the saturation magnetic flux density is reduced. % Or less is preferable. From the viewpoint of punching properties, when a material having a high surface Si concentration and a low center Si concentration is used as the core material as in the present invention, the center has ductility, so that cracks are unlikely to occur, and the surface layer is hard. Burrs generated at the time of punching can be reduced.
【0020】[0020]
【実施例】容量10kW、定格回転数100000rp
mで、2極ロータにNdFeB磁石を使用し、ステータ
に表1に示す鉄心材料を使用した発電機を試作し、同一
負荷条件下での生産コストおよびステータ温度(効率に
対応する)を把握した。ちなみに電源のスイッチング周
波数は20kHzであった。なお、生産コストの評価基
準は、プレス打ち抜き、かしめについて3%珪素鋼板
(0.1t)の加工コストを基準とし、それと同等を
◎、コストアップが10%以内を○、コストアップが1
0%以上50%以下を△、コストアップが50%以上1
00%以下を×とした。[Embodiment] Capacity 10 kW, rated speed 100,000 rpm
m, a generator was produced using an NdFeB magnet for the two-pole rotor and a core material shown in Table 1 for the stator, and the production cost and the stator temperature (corresponding to the efficiency) under the same load conditions were grasped. . Incidentally, the switching frequency of the power supply was 20 kHz. The evaluation criteria for the production cost are based on the processing cost of a 3% silicon steel plate (0.1t) for press punching and caulking, and the same as ◎, the cost increase within 10% is ○, and the cost increase is 1
0% or more and 50% or less △, cost increase is 50% or more and 1
A value of 00% or less was evaluated as x.
【0021】[0021]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0022】表1に示すように、ステータの鉄心として
本発明で規定するSi濃度差を有する珪素鋼板を用いた
発電機は、ステータ温度が低く、したがって効率が高
く、さらに生産コストも低いことが確認された。As shown in Table 1, a generator using a silicon steel sheet having a Si concentration difference defined in the present invention as a core of a stator has a low stator temperature, therefore has a high efficiency and a low production cost. confirmed.
【0023】[0023]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれぱ、
高効率で生産コストが低い高効率高速回転機を得ること
ができる。As described above, according to the present invention,
A high-efficiency high-speed rotating machine with high efficiency and low production cost can be obtained.
【図1】本発明に用いられる珪素鋼板の板厚方向のSi
濃度分布を示す図。FIG. 1 shows Si in a thickness direction of a silicon steel sheet used in the present invention.
The figure which shows a density distribution.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 笠井 勝司 東京都千代田区丸の内一丁目1番2号 日 本鋼管株式会社内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Katsushi Kasai 1-2-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nihon Kokan Co., Ltd.
Claims (1)
のコアが、表層のSi濃度が板厚中心部のSi濃度より
0.3wt.%以上高い珪素鋼板を含み、回転数が70
00rpm以上であることを特徴とする、高効率高速回
転機。1. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the cores of the rotor and the stator has a surface layer whose Si concentration is 0.3 wt. % Or more silicon steel plate, and the rotation speed is 70
A high-efficiency, high-speed rotating machine characterized by being at least 00 rpm.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP12278098A JPH11307354A (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1998-04-17 | High efficiency and high speed rotary machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP12278098A JPH11307354A (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1998-04-17 | High efficiency and high speed rotary machine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH11307354A true JPH11307354A (en) | 1999-11-05 |
Family
ID=14844434
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP12278098A Pending JPH11307354A (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1998-04-17 | High efficiency and high speed rotary machine |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPH11307354A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010063252A (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-18 | Jfe Steel Corp | Core for high-speed motor having excellent heat dissipation properties and core material for high-speed motor |
JP2010062275A (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-18 | Jfe Steel Corp | Motor core and motor core material |
JP2013159823A (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2013-08-19 | Jfe Steel Corp | Steel plate for motor core excellent in core loss characteristic after punching |
CN111479942A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2020-07-31 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Multilayer electromagnetic steel sheet |
CN113853732A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2021-12-28 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Method for manufacturing motor iron core |
WO2022034319A1 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-02-17 | Safran Electrical & Power | Rotor for a permanent magnet electrical machine |
-
1998
- 1998-04-17 JP JP12278098A patent/JPH11307354A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010063252A (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-18 | Jfe Steel Corp | Core for high-speed motor having excellent heat dissipation properties and core material for high-speed motor |
JP2010062275A (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-18 | Jfe Steel Corp | Motor core and motor core material |
JP2013159823A (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2013-08-19 | Jfe Steel Corp | Steel plate for motor core excellent in core loss characteristic after punching |
CN111479942A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2020-07-31 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Multilayer electromagnetic steel sheet |
EP3725905A4 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2020-10-21 | JFE Steel Corporation | Multilayer electromagnetic steel sheet |
US11355271B2 (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2022-06-07 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Multilayer electrical steel sheet |
CN113853732A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2021-12-28 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Method for manufacturing motor iron core |
WO2022034319A1 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-02-17 | Safran Electrical & Power | Rotor for a permanent magnet electrical machine |
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