JPH11302936A - Fiber substrate for reinforcement, and detection of strain of structure - Google Patents
Fiber substrate for reinforcement, and detection of strain of structureInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11302936A JPH11302936A JP10147218A JP14721898A JPH11302936A JP H11302936 A JPH11302936 A JP H11302936A JP 10147218 A JP10147218 A JP 10147218A JP 14721898 A JP14721898 A JP 14721898A JP H11302936 A JPH11302936 A JP H11302936A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reinforcing fiber
- metal wire
- base material
- reinforcing
- wire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、構造物、あるいは
構造物と一体なＦＲＰ（繊維強化プラスチック）を得る
ための補強用繊維基材と、それを用いて構造物に発生す
る歪みや劣化の状態を検出する方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a reinforcing fiber base material for obtaining a structure or an FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) integrated with the structure, and a strain or deterioration occurring in the structure using the same. It relates to a method for detecting a state.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、ＦＲＰの用途は拡大しており、航
空宇宙やスポーツの分野だけでなく、土木・建築の分野
など大型構造物へも広く適用され始めている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the use of FRP has been expanding, and it has begun to be widely applied not only to the fields of aerospace and sports, but also to large structures such as the fields of civil engineering and construction.
【０００３】特に、コンクリート構造物の補修・補強へ
のＦＲＰの使用は、車輌の重量規制緩和や、大地震の発
生、及び、施工の容易さなどから着目され拡大してい
る。コンクリート構造物には、床版や橋脚、トンネル、
そして建物などがあるが、コンクリートの中性化や塩害
による内部鉄筋での錆発生、アルカリ骨材反応などによ
る劣化が発生し、社会的問題となっている。また、通行
車輌や地震、トンネルにおいては土砂の圧力が加わる
と、コンクリートに発生したひび割れを拡大して劣化の
進行を早めてしまう。さらに、土木・建築分野の構造物
は大型のものが多いため、破壊が予知できず、突発的な
破壊による大きな事故に繋がる可能性がある。[0003] In particular, the use of FRP for repairing and reinforcing concrete structures has been attracting attention because of the relaxation of vehicle weight regulations, the occurrence of large earthquakes, and the ease of construction. Concrete structures include floor slabs, piers, tunnels,
And there are buildings and the like, but rust is generated on the internal rebar due to neutralization and salt damage of concrete, and deterioration due to alkali-aggregate reaction occurs, which is a social problem. In addition, in the case of a passing vehicle, an earthquake, or a tunnel, when the pressure of earth and sand is applied, cracks generated in concrete are enlarged, and the progress of deterioration is accelerated. Furthermore, since many structures in the civil engineering and construction fields are large, destruction cannot be predicted, which may lead to a serious accident due to sudden destruction.
【０００４】以上のことから、構造物の疲労や劣化の進
行状態を観察し、構造物の破壊を事前に予知する技術が
求められている。しかし、現状では、直接目視などの非
破壊検査が主であり、疲労や劣化の状況を正確に把握す
ることは容易ではない。[0004] In view of the above, there is a need for a technique for observing the progress of fatigue and deterioration of a structure and predicting the destruction of the structure in advance. However, at present, non-destructive inspection such as direct visual inspection is mainly performed, and it is not easy to accurately grasp the state of fatigue and deterioration.
【０００５】従来から、歪みを検出する材料として、歪
ゲージが知られている。歪ゲージは、その面積内の歪み
を検出するもので、しかも長さが３０ｍｍ以下と短いた
め、局所的な歪みしか検出できない。従って、大型構造
物の歪みを広く検出するには、数多くの歪ゲージを貼付
ける必要がある。Conventionally, a strain gauge has been known as a material for detecting strain. The strain gauge detects strain in the area, and since it has a short length of 30 mm or less, it can detect only local strain. Therefore, in order to widely detect distortion of a large structure, it is necessary to attach many strain gauges.
【０００６】一方、特開昭６０−１１４７４１号公報
に、ＦＲＰ部材内に一体的ではあるが電気的に独立させ
てカーボン長繊維糸条を配設し、この糸条を構成する単
糸の破断割合を同糸条の抵抗変化から測定し、部材の剛
性低下や疲労破壊を事前に検出する方法が記載されてい
る。この方法によれば、確かに、大型構造物で広い面積
の歪みを検出することが可能である。On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-114474, a carbon long fiber yarn is provided in an FRP member integrally but electrically independently, and the single yarn constituting the yarn is broken. A method is described in which the ratio is measured from a change in the resistance of the yarn, and a decrease in the rigidity of the member and a fatigue failure are detected in advance. According to this method, it is possible to detect a large area distortion in a large structure.
【０００７】しかし、前記糸条を構成する多くの単糸
は、糸条内において様々な配列状態で存在し、また、そ
の配列状態は糸条毎に異なる。そのため、同じ荷重下で
の単糸の破断割合は、糸条によってまちまちで、前記糸
条の電気抵抗変化の再現性が悪くなってしまう。さら
に、抵抗測定に必要となる前記糸条両端の端子は、全て
の単糸に接触する必要があるが、糸条内の直径数ミクロ
ンの数千〜数万の単糸全てに接触させることは難しい。However, many single yarns constituting the yarn exist in various arrangement states within the yarn, and the arrangement state differs for each yarn. Therefore, the breaking ratio of the single yarn under the same load varies depending on the yarn, and the reproducibility of the electric resistance change of the yarn deteriorates. Furthermore, the terminals at both ends of the yarn required for resistance measurement need to be in contact with all the single yarns, but it is not possible to make contact with all the thousands to tens of thousands of single yarns having a diameter of several microns in the yarn. difficult.
【０００８】さらに、特開平２−３８９４５号公報に、
ガラス繊維強化複合材料からなる構造物の内部に、金属
単線を配設し、この電気抵抗の変動を測定する疲労破壊
検査方法が記載されている。Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-38945 discloses that
There is described a fatigue fracture inspection method in which a single metal wire is provided inside a structure made of a glass fiber reinforced composite material, and a change in the electric resistance is measured.
【０００９】しかし、大型構造物、特に、コンクリート
構造物の補修・補強に使用するＦＲＰ内に金属線を配設
する場合、使用対象となる構造物の表面が平面とは限ら
ず、曲面や凹凸面であることが多い。そのため、ＦＲＰ
の成形は、構造物の表面に補強用繊維基材を沿わせなが
ら貼付け、同時に樹脂含浸することになる。従って、金
属線の配設は、含浸直後の樹脂未硬化時に、補強用繊維
基材の上に手作業等で行う煩雑なものとなる。このよう
な配設方法では、金属線が補強繊維と並行に配設され
ず、蛇行することが多くなるため、補強繊維方向への荷
重や歪みで設計されたＦＲＰの歪みが、金属線から正確
に検出されなくなってしまう。However, when a metal wire is arranged in an FRP used for repairing or reinforcing a large structure, particularly a concrete structure, the surface of the structure to be used is not limited to a flat surface, but may be curved or uneven. Often a surface. Therefore, FRP
The molding is performed by applying the reinforcing fiber base material along the surface of the structure and simultaneously impregnating the resin. Therefore, the arrangement of the metal wires becomes complicated, such as being performed manually on the reinforcing fiber base when the resin is not cured immediately after the impregnation. In such an arrangement method, since the metal wire is not arranged in parallel with the reinforcing fiber and often meanders, the distortion of the FRP designed by the load and the strain in the direction of the reinforcing fiber can be accurately measured from the metal wire. Will not be detected.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、従来
の技術における上述した問題点を解決し、大型構造物や
これと一体の様々な形状のＦＲＰに成形可能で、しか
も、構造物に発生する歪みを正確に検出し、構造物の疲
労や劣化を予知できる補強用繊維基材を得ることにあ
る。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and to form a large-sized structure or an FRP having various shapes integral with the large-sized structure. An object of the present invention is to obtain a reinforcing fiber base material capable of accurately detecting generated strain and predicting fatigue and deterioration of a structure.
【００１１】[0011]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するこの
発明の補強用繊維基材の一つは、絶縁性補強繊維と金属
線とが一体となってシート状補強用繊維基材を形成し、
かつ、前記補強繊維に対する金属線の体積割合が４％以
下であることを特徴とする。Means for Solving the Problems One of the reinforcing fiber base materials of the present invention for achieving the above object is to form a sheet-like reinforcing fiber base material by integrating insulating reinforcing fibers and metal wires. ,
Further, the volume ratio of the metal wire to the reinforcing fiber is 4% or less.
【００１２】この発明の補強用繊維基材の他の一つは、
炭素繊維からなる補強繊維と、周囲を絶縁性被覆材で被
覆された金属線とが、一体となってシート状補強用繊維
基材を形成し、かつ、前記補強繊維に対する金属線の体
積割合が４％以下であることを特徴とする。Another one of the reinforcing fiber substrates of the present invention is:
A reinforcing fiber made of carbon fiber and a metal wire whose periphery is covered with an insulating coating material integrally form a sheet-like reinforcing fiber base material, and the volume ratio of the metal wire to the reinforcing fiber is It is not more than 4%.
【００１３】上記において、絶縁性被覆材が樹脂透過性
を有する場合、被覆材は繊維状物であり、さらにこの繊
維状物はフィラメント糸であることを特徴とする。In the above, when the insulating covering material has resin permeability, the covering material is a fibrous material, and the fibrous material is a filament yarn.
【００１４】また、上記において、金属線が補強繊維の
配向方向に対して、同一方向および／または角度を有し
て配列され、一体となってシート場補強用繊維基材を形
成していることを特徴とする。ただし、補強繊維が絶縁
性補強繊維である場合、金属線は周囲を絶縁性被覆材で
被覆されていなくてもよいが、補強繊維が炭素繊維より
なる補強繊維である場合には、金属線が周囲を絶縁性被
覆材で被覆されている金属線であることが必要である。Further, in the above, the metal wires are arranged with the same direction and / or angle with respect to the orientation direction of the reinforcing fibers, and integrally form the sheet base reinforcing fiber base material. It is characterized by. However, when the reinforcing fiber is an insulating reinforcing fiber, the metal wire does not need to be covered with an insulating covering material, but when the reinforcing fiber is a reinforcing fiber made of carbon fiber, the metal wire is It must be a metal wire whose periphery is covered with an insulating covering material.
【００１５】あるいは上記において、金属線は、絶縁性
被覆材によって表面の９０％以上が被覆され、また、紙
管等の巻管に捲回された補強用繊維基材における被覆さ
れた金属線の太さが、前記補強用繊維基材の厚みの１０
０％以下であることを特徴とする。[0015] Alternatively, in the above, the metal wire is covered by an insulating coating material at 90% or more of its surface, and the coated metal wire of the reinforcing fiber base material wound on a winding tube such as a paper tube. The thickness is 10 times the thickness of the reinforcing fiber base material.
0% or less.
【００１６】また、補強用繊維基材の形態は、補強繊維
が接着剤により支持体に接着固定されてなるトウシート
か、補強繊維がＢステージ状態の熱硬化性樹脂で一体化
されてなるプリプレグ、あるいは、織物であることを特
徴とする。The reinforcing fiber substrate may be in the form of a tow sheet in which reinforcing fibers are bonded and fixed to a support with an adhesive, or a prepreg in which reinforcing fibers are integrated with a B-stage thermosetting resin. Alternatively, it is characterized by being a woven fabric.
【００１７】そして、構造物に発生する歪みの検出は、
上述した補強用繊維基材を、構造物、あるいは、構造物
と一体となってＦＲＰとした後、前記金属線の抵抗変化
を測定して行うことを特徴とする。The detection of the distortion generated in the structure is as follows:
After the above-mentioned reinforcing fiber base material is formed into a structure or an FRP integrally with the structure, a change in resistance of the metal wire is measured and performed.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の実施の形態】なお、以後補強用繊維基材を基材
と呼称する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a reinforcing fiber substrate is referred to as a substrate.
【００１９】本発明で使用する金属線は、断面積が０．
００２〜０．２ｍｍ2の範囲にある白金、タングステ
ン、モリブデン、銀、アルミニウム、ニッケル、マグネ
シウム、銅、鋼、鉄、及び、これらの合金、Ｎｉ−Ｃｒ
合金（ニクロム合金とも呼ばれる）、Ｎｉ−Ｃｒ−Ｆｅ
合金、Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ−Ａｌ合金、Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ−Ａｌ−Ｃｏ
合金などからなる、丸線状、帯状、扁平状の線状物であ
り、これら線状物を単線として使用しても、撚りあわせ
るなどして複数線として使用しても差し支えない。ただ
し、この中でも、防錆など耐食性に優れ、また、歪みに
対する抵抗変化が大きく、変化を確認しやすいニクロム
線（ニクロム合金の１つ）がより好ましい。The metal wire used in the present invention has a cross-sectional area of 0.1 mm.
Platinum, tungsten, molybdenum, silver, aluminum, nickel, magnesium, copper, steel, iron, and alloys thereof in the range of 002 to 0.2 mm 2 ;
Alloy (also called Nichrome alloy), Ni-Cr-Fe
Alloy, Fe-Cr-Al alloy, Fe-Cr-Al-Co
It is a round wire, band, or flat wire made of an alloy or the like. These wires may be used as a single wire or may be used as a plurality of wires by twisting. However, among these, a nichrome wire (one of nichrome alloys) which is excellent in corrosion resistance such as rust prevention, has a large change in resistance to strain, and is easy to confirm the change is more preferable.
【００２０】なお、被覆された場合の金属線の太さは、
特に、断面形状が帯状や扁平状の場合は、最も細い部分
の値とする。The thickness of the metal wire when covered is
In particular, when the cross-sectional shape is a band shape or a flat shape, the value of the thinnest portion is used.
【００２１】また、本発明における金属線は、歪み検出
を目的とするものなので、補強繊維に占める体積割合は
４％以下であることが好ましい。ただし、周囲を絶縁性
被覆材で被覆された金属線の場合においては、周囲の絶
縁性被覆材を除いた金属線のみの体積が補強繊維に対し
て占める体積割合は４％以下であることが好ましい。Further, since the metal wire in the present invention is intended for strain detection, it is preferable that the volume ratio of the metal wire to the reinforcing fiber is 4% or less. However, in the case of a metal wire whose periphery is covered with an insulating coating material, the volume ratio of the metal wire alone excluding the surrounding insulating coating material to the reinforcing fiber may be 4% or less. preferable.
【００２２】金属線の破断伸度は、補強繊維よりも大き
いが、補強繊維が破断すると、同時に金属線も破断して
しまう。従って、金属線の量を増やしても、補強効果へ
の関与は小さい。しかも、金属線の密度は、補強繊維よ
りも高いので、金属線を基材内に多く配設すると、基材
重量が増え、特に、コンクリート構造物の下面や側面に
貼付けて補強する用途に使用する場合には、基材の落下
やずれ落ちを生じてしまうので好ましくない。Although the breaking elongation of the metal wire is larger than that of the reinforcing fiber, when the reinforcing fiber breaks, the metal wire also breaks at the same time. Therefore, even if the amount of the metal wire is increased, the effect on the reinforcing effect is small. In addition, since the density of the metal wire is higher than that of the reinforcing fiber, arranging more metal wires in the base material increases the weight of the base material. This is not preferable because the base material may fall or slip off.
【００２３】さらに、ＦＲＰが、もともと含んでいた水
分に加え、周囲の水分を吸収することにより、ＦＲＰ中
の金属線周囲が湿気を帯びて来ると、金属線が腐食し始
めることが懸念される。また、補強繊維が炭素繊維であ
る場合、同繊維が導電性を有しているので、土壌中の金
属線が電食するように、ＦＲＰ中の金属線が腐食するこ
とが懸念され、好ましくない。Further, the FRP absorbs the surrounding moisture in addition to the originally contained moisture, so that when the surroundings of the metal wires in the FRP become moist, the metal wires may start to corrode. . Further, when the reinforcing fiber is a carbon fiber, since the fiber has conductivity, the metal wire in the FRP is likely to corrode, so that the metal wire in the soil is electrically eroded, which is not preferable. .
【００２４】以上から、金属線の割合は４％以下と少な
い方がよく、さらに好ましくは２％以下であるのがよ
い。From the above, it is preferable that the ratio of the metal wire is as small as 4% or less, more preferably 2% or less.
【００２５】本発明の、炭素繊維からなる補強繊維中
に、被覆された金属線を配設した基材を用いると、これ
をＦＲＰとした後、前記金属線の電気抵抗を測定してＦ
ＲＰに発生する歪み検出を行う際に要求される、以下の
２つの条件を満たすことができる。すなはち、金属線周
囲の絶縁部分により炭素繊維と金属線間を絶縁し、か
つ、ＦＲＰと金属線との間に滑りが発生しないようにす
ることができる。When a base material having a coated metal wire disposed in a reinforcing fiber made of carbon fiber according to the present invention is used, this is converted to FRP, and the electrical resistance of the metal wire is measured to measure FRP.
The following two conditions required when detecting distortion generated in the RP can be satisfied. That is, it is possible to insulate between the carbon fiber and the metal wire by the insulating portion around the metal wire, and to prevent slippage between the FRP and the metal wire.
【００２６】まず、絶縁性確保のために、樹脂透過性の
ある絶縁性被覆材（以後透過性被覆材と呼称）を使用す
るのがよい。これは、ＦＲＰを成形する際に含浸する樹
脂（以後マトリックス樹脂と呼称する）が、被覆材内へ
透過し、金属線表面に達し、また、樹脂も絶縁物なの
で、金属線の周囲を効果的に絶縁被覆できる。特に、繊
維状物の被覆材を金属線に捲回して被覆すると、毛細現
象によって、樹脂が含浸し、金属線表面に達するのでさ
らによい。First, in order to ensure insulation, it is preferable to use an insulating coating material having resin permeability (hereinafter referred to as a transparent coating material). This is because the resin impregnated when molding the FRP (hereinafter referred to as matrix resin) penetrates into the coating material and reaches the surface of the metal wire, and since the resin is also an insulating material, the surroundings of the metal wire are effectively removed. Can be insulated. In particular, it is more preferable that the covering material of the fibrous material is wound around the metal wire so as to impregnate the resin and reach the surface of the metal wire due to a capillary phenomenon.
【００２７】なお、ここで言う樹脂透過性とは、被覆材
中を樹脂が通過する性質とし、ここでは透過と含浸は同
意とした。The term "resin permeability" as used herein refers to a property in which a resin passes through a coating material. Here, permeation and impregnation are considered to be the same.
【００２８】一方、金属線の滑りには、被覆材とＦＲＰ
間、及び、金属線と被覆材間の２つの層間で発生する可
能性があるが、透過性被覆材の表面には、被覆材部分と
樹脂透過部分とで形成される凹凸が存在するので、被覆
材とＦＲＰ間の滑りを抑えることができる。On the other hand, for the sliding of the metal wire, the coating material and the FRP
Between, and between the two layers between the metal wire and the coating material may occur, but on the surface of the permeable coating material, there is unevenness formed by the coating material portion and the resin permeable portion, Slip between the coating material and the FRP can be suppressed.
【００２９】また、透過性被覆材では、樹脂が含浸し金
属線と接着するので、ＦＲＰとなった時、被覆材と金属
線間の滑りを抑えることができる。Further, in the case of the permeable covering material, since the resin is impregnated and adheres to the metal wire, the slip between the covering material and the metal wire when FRP is formed can be suppressed.
【００３０】このような透過性被覆材としては、連続発
泡プラスチックがよく、特に、不飽和ポリエステル、ビ
ニルエステル、フェノール、エポキシなどの硬い熱硬化
性の樹脂を用いると、ＦＲＰの変形に追随しやすくな
り、ＦＲＰに発生する歪みを金属線に正確に伝えやすく
なるので好ましい。As such a permeable covering material, a continuous foamed plastic is preferable. In particular, when a hard thermosetting resin such as unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, phenol, or epoxy is used, it can easily follow the deformation of FRP. This is preferable because the distortion generated in the FRP can be easily transmitted to the metal wire accurately.
【００３１】また、繊維状物の被覆材としては、不織布
や織物のテープ状物、あるいはフィラメント糸があり、
これらを、芯材とする金属線の周囲にカバーリング法や
製紐法、ラッピング法によって捲回することにより被覆
することができる。As the covering material for the fibrous material, there is a tape-shaped material of a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric, or a filament yarn.
These can be coated by winding around a metal wire as a core material by a covering method, a string-making method, or a wrapping method.
【００３２】本発明の繊維状物の被覆材を構成する繊維
としては、ポリエステル、ナイロン、ガラス、ビニロ
ン、ポリプロピレン、ポリアラミドなどの繊維が挙げら
れるが、上記材料の役割は絶縁性の確保なので、特に限
定はしない。ただし、マトリックス樹脂との接着性を考
えて選択するのがよく、マトリックス樹脂がエポキシ系
の場合は、ナイロン繊維が好ましい。The fibers constituting the covering material of the fibrous material of the present invention include fibers of polyester, nylon, glass, vinylon, polypropylene, polyaramid and the like. No limitation. However, it is preferable to select in consideration of the adhesiveness with the matrix resin. When the matrix resin is an epoxy resin, nylon fibers are preferable.
【００３３】本発明の繊維状物の被覆材は、捲回の回数
やピッチ、糸の太さを変えて被覆するのがよいが、捲回
が一方向だけだと、被覆後、金属線の巻き癖による蛇行
がひどくなって修正しにくくなり、基材への配設に支障
を来してしまう。従って、捲回はＳＺの両方向に行うの
がよい。The fibrous material coating material of the present invention is preferably coated by changing the number of windings, the pitch, and the thickness of the yarn. The meandering due to the winding habit becomes so severe that it is difficult to correct it, which hinders the arrangement on the base material. Therefore, it is preferable to perform winding in both directions of SZ.
【００３４】また、フィラメント糸が細すぎると、被覆
率確保に必要な捲回々数が増加する。従って、上記被覆
材を構成する繊維の太さは、２０〜５００デニール程度
がよい。さらに、これらの繊維は、マルチフィラメント
の方が、捲回時に繊維がばらけて金属線表面に広がり、
被覆効率がよくなるので好ましい。また、捲回は、２重
以上重ねてもよい。On the other hand, if the filament yarn is too thin, the number of windings required to secure the coverage increases. Therefore, the thickness of the fiber constituting the covering material is preferably about 20 to 500 denier. In addition, these fibers, the multi-filament, the fibers are separated during winding and spread on the metal wire surface,
This is preferable because the coating efficiency is improved. Further, the windings may be overlapped two or more times.
【００３５】なお、被覆を絶縁性材料のコーティングで
行うと、透過性被覆材のような表面凹凸が少ないため、
ＦＲＰと被覆材間の滑りが懸念される。従って、被覆材
は、繊維状物であることがより好ましい。When the coating is performed with a coating of an insulating material, there is little surface unevenness such as a transparent coating material.
There is concern about slippage between the FRP and the coating material. Therefore, the covering material is more preferably a fibrous material.
【００３６】一方、補強繊維が導電性を有していない場
合でも、金属線を被覆せずに使用すると、基材に金属線
を配設する工程や、配設後の基材にローラなどで樹脂含
浸する際、金属線に損傷を与えてしまい、ＦＲＰ化後の
抵抗変化の異常や、金属線の切断につながってしまうこ
とが懸念される。そこで、被覆をしておけば、これが保
護層の役目を果たすので、金属線の検出性能を維持する
ことができる。On the other hand, even when the reinforcing fibers do not have conductivity, if the reinforcing fibers are used without being coated with a metal wire, the process of arranging the metal wires on the base material and the method of arranging the base material with a roller or the like on the provided base material can be performed. When the resin is impregnated, there is a concern that the metal wire may be damaged, resulting in an abnormal change in resistance after the FRP is formed, or the cutting of the metal wire. Therefore, if a coating is provided, this serves as a protective layer, so that the detection performance of the metal wire can be maintained.
【００３７】以上から、補強繊維が絶縁性を有していな
い場合も、金属線に被覆して基材中に配設することが好
ましい。As described above, even when the reinforcing fiber does not have insulating properties, it is preferable to cover the metal wire and dispose it in the base material.
【００３８】上記被覆方法における金属線の被覆割合
は、１００％であることが好ましいが、９０％以上であ
れば、絶縁の目的を達成できるのでよい。The coating ratio of the metal wire in the above-mentioned coating method is preferably 100%, but if it is 90% or more, the purpose of insulation can be achieved.
【００３９】すなはち、補強繊維が炭素繊維の場合、絶
縁性の樹脂が含浸することにより炭素繊維と金属線が接
触する可能性は低下するので、被覆割合が９０％以上あ
れば、樹脂含浸後、金属線に接触する炭素繊維は殆どな
くなる。しかし、９０％未満では、樹脂含浸後も金属線
に接触する炭素繊維が残り、金属線の抵抗へ影響するこ
とが懸念される。That is, when the reinforcing fiber is carbon fiber, the possibility of contact between the carbon fiber and the metal wire is reduced by impregnation with an insulating resin. Later, almost no carbon fiber comes into contact with the metal wire. However, if it is less than 90%, carbon fibers in contact with the metal wire remain even after the resin impregnation, which may affect the resistance of the metal wire.
【００４０】なお、金属線の被覆割合は、以下の方法で
測定した。The covering ratio of the metal wire was measured by the following method.
【００４１】まず、樹脂含浸前の表面の顕微鏡写真を撮
り、この全表面積Ｓ１、及び、金属線が見える表面積Ｓ
２を計測し、以下の式より被覆率を算出した。計測は、
被覆した金属線の異なる１０ヶ所の、配向方向の長さ
（１５ｍｍ）と太さ方向の長さ（全幅）で表される長方
形の領域について行い、その最低値を被覆率とした。First, a micrograph of the surface before the resin impregnation is taken, and the total surface area S1 and the surface area S where the metal wire can be seen are taken.
2 was measured, and the coverage was calculated from the following equation. The measurement is
The measurement was performed on a rectangular region represented by the length (15 mm) in the orientation direction and the length (full width) in the thickness direction at 10 different positions of the coated metal wire, and the minimum value was defined as the coverage.
【００４２】 被覆率 ＝ （Ｓ１ − Ｓ２）／Ｓ１×１００ （％） ただし、コーティングによる被覆の場合、以下の超音波
検査法を利用して被覆率を測定してもよい。すなはち、
パルス波を用いた反射法により、金属線の長さ方向につ
いて、金属線の全長Ｌ１、及び、金属線表面反射だけが
観察される長さＬ２を計測し、以下の式より被覆率を算
出した。計測は、被覆した金属線の異なる５ヶ所の、長
さ５０ｍｍの部分について行い、その最低値を被覆率と
した。Coverage = (S1−S2) / S1 × 100 (%) However, in the case of coating with a coating, the coverage may be measured using the following ultrasonic inspection method. Sunahachi,
By the reflection method using a pulse wave, in the length direction of the metal wire, the total length L1 of the metal wire and the length L2 where only the surface reflection of the metal wire was observed were measured, and the coverage was calculated from the following equation. . The measurement was performed on five different portions of the coated metal wire with a length of 50 mm, and the lowest value was defined as the coverage.
【００４３】 被覆率＝（Ｌ１ − Ｌ２）／Ｌ１×１００ （％） 以上において、同じ部分に被覆材が重なっても被覆割合
は同じとした。従って、被覆割合は０％以上、１００％
以下と定義される。Coverage = (L1−L2) / L1 × 100 (%) In the above, the covering ratio was the same even if the covering material overlapped the same portion. Therefore, the coating ratio is 0% or more and 100%
It is defined as:
【００４４】あるいは、上記被覆方法において、金属線
の絶縁の目的を達成するには、前記被覆材により金属線
が被覆されていない部分で、直径１０μｍ以上の球が通
り抜けられる箇所の個数が、金属線の長さ方向１０ｃｍ
の間に５個以下であればよい。Alternatively, in the above-mentioned coating method, in order to achieve the object of insulating the metal wire, the number of places through which a sphere having a diameter of 10 μm or more can pass through in a portion where the metal wire is not coated with the coating material is determined. Line length direction 10cm
The number may be five or less between them.
【００４５】被覆されていない部分が、そこを通り抜け
られる球の直径が１０μｍ以下となる条件を満たすと、
補強繊維の単糸径が上記値と同等なので、補強繊維が被
覆されていない部分に進入しにくく、補強繊維と金属線
間の絶縁性を確保できる。When the uncoated portion satisfies the condition that the diameter of the sphere passing therethrough is 10 μm or less,
Since the single yarn diameter of the reinforcing fiber is equal to the above value, it is difficult to enter a portion where the reinforcing fiber is not covered, and the insulation between the reinforcing fiber and the metal wire can be secured.
【００４６】特に、被覆されていない部分が細長い形状
の場合、この配向方向と補強繊維とが並行に配列する
と、補強繊維が進入しやすくなる。しかし、この部分を
通り抜けられる球が、上記の条件を満たせば、補強繊維
の進入を防げるので、絶縁性を確保できる。In particular, when the uncoated portion has an elongated shape, if the orientation direction and the reinforcing fibers are arranged in parallel, the reinforcing fibers can easily enter. However, if the ball that can pass through this portion satisfies the above conditions, the reinforcement fiber can be prevented from entering, so that insulation can be ensured.
【００４７】また、前記カバーリング法などの捲回によ
る被覆方法に従えば、規則的な被覆がなされるので、被
覆率は金属線表面全体が平均的に増加し、部分的な被覆
率の差は余り大きくない。そのため、被覆されていない
部分のうち、１０μｍ以上の直径の球が通り抜けられる
箇所の個数が、金属線の長さ方向１０ｃｍ中に５個以下
であれば、部分的に小さな被覆むらがあっても、絶縁性
を確保できていると判断することができる。In addition, according to the winding method such as the above-mentioned covering method, the coating is performed regularly, so that the coating rate increases on average over the entire surface of the metal wire, and the difference in the partial coating rate increases. Is not too big. Therefore, if the number of places through which a sphere having a diameter of 10 μm or more can pass through is 5 or less in the length direction 10 cm of the metal wire in the uncoated portion, even if there is a partially small uneven coating, Thus, it can be determined that the insulation property has been ensured.
【００４８】なお、かかる箇所の測定方法としては、以
下の方法を採用した。The following method was adopted as a method for measuring such a portion.
【００４９】すなはち、上記被覆率算出と同様の方法で
撮った被覆した金属線表面の顕微鏡写真において、被覆
されていない部分に内接する円を複数描き、それらの円
の直径を測定し、最大値を球の直径とした。この際、測
定する場所は任意に選んでよいが、測定位置によるばら
つきを抑えるため、測定は選んだ位置から連続する長さ
方向１０ｃｍの間について行い、この部分において円の
直径が１０μｍを越える回数を記録した。上記記録を任
意の５つの部分それぞれについて行い、最大値を球が通
り抜けられる箇所の個数とした。That is, in a micrograph of the surface of the coated metal wire taken in the same manner as the above calculation of the coverage, a plurality of circles inscribed in the uncoated portion were drawn, and the diameters of those circles were measured. The maximum value was taken as the diameter of the sphere. At this time, the place to be measured may be arbitrarily selected, but in order to suppress the variation depending on the measurement position, the measurement is performed for a continuous length of 10 cm from the selected position, and the number of times the diameter of the circle exceeds 10 μm in this portion Was recorded. The above-mentioned recording was performed for each of the five arbitrary portions, and the maximum value was defined as the number of locations through which the ball could pass.
【００５０】本発明において用いられる絶縁性補強繊維
とは、絶縁性を有し、高強度であれば特に限定されるも
のではないが、例えば、電気抵抗が１ＭΩ以上であり、
引張強度が１２５０ＭＰａ以上のものが挙げられる。か
かる材質として、アラミド繊維やガラス繊維がある。The insulating reinforcing fiber used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has insulating properties and high strength. For example, it has an electric resistance of 1 MΩ or more.
Those having a tensile strength of 1250 MPa or more are exemplified. Such materials include aramid fibers and glass fibers.
【００５１】本発明において、絶縁性補強繊維と金属線
とが、一体となって、というのは、絶縁性補強繊維と金
属線とがずれたり、分離したりしないような状態になっ
ていることを指し、絶縁性補強繊維と金属線より適当な
織り編み物を形成していたり、樹脂や接着剤で接着・固
定されていてもよく、特に限定されるものではない。In the present invention, the insulating reinforcing fiber and the metal wire are integrated, which means that the insulating reinforcing fiber and the metal wire do not shift or separate from each other. And a suitable woven or knitted fabric may be formed from the insulating reinforcing fiber and the metal wire, or may be bonded and fixed with a resin or an adhesive, and is not particularly limited.
【００５２】本発明の基材は、補強繊維と金属線が一体
となっているので、ＦＲＰとした時に歪み検出を正確に
できるが、さらに、構造物に合わせて様々な形状のＦＲ
Ｐに成形できるものが好ましい。このような基材とし
て、１方向に並行に配列した補強繊維糸条が、接着剤に
より支持体に接着固定されたトウシートや補強繊維糸条
がＢステージ状態の熱硬化性樹脂で一体化してなるプリ
プレグ、あるいは、織物がよい。Since the base material of the present invention has the reinforcing fiber and the metal wire integrated with each other, the strain can be accurately detected when the FRP is used.
Those which can be formed into P are preferable. As such a substrate, reinforcing fiber yarns arranged in parallel in one direction are formed by integrating a tow sheet or reinforcing fiber yarns bonded and fixed to a support with an adhesive with a thermosetting resin in a B-stage state. Prepreg or woven fabric is preferred.
【００５３】また、ＦＲＰにおける歪みは、埋め込んだ
金属線により検出することから、金属線は必ずしも補強
繊維の配向方向に対して同一方向に配列することに限定
されるものではなく、補強繊維の配向方向に対して角度
を有して配列させても良いし、同一方向と角度を有した
方向の両方向に配列させても良い。Further, since the strain in the FRP is detected by the embedded metal wire, the metal wire is not necessarily limited to being arranged in the same direction as the orientation direction of the reinforcing fiber. They may be arranged at an angle to the direction, or they may be arranged in both directions of the same direction and the direction having the angle.
【００５４】このようにすることで金属線が配列してい
る方向の歪み検出が可能となる。In this way, it is possible to detect distortion in the direction in which the metal wires are arranged.
【００５５】なお、補強繊維の配向に対する角度は±１
５°以上であり、必要な検出方向によって適宜決めれば
よいものである。The angle with respect to the orientation of the reinforcing fiber is ± 1.
The angle is 5 ° or more, and may be appropriately determined depending on a necessary detection direction.
【００５６】なかでも、金属線を補強繊維の配向方向に
対してほぼ直交する方向に配向させることにより、補強
繊維の配向に対する直交方向の歪みの検出が可能となる
ので好ましいものである。In particular, it is preferable to orient the metal wire in a direction substantially perpendicular to the orientation direction of the reinforcing fibers, since it becomes possible to detect distortion in the direction perpendicular to the orientation of the reinforcing fibers.
【００５７】このような基材はシート状なので、構造物
に合わせて様々な形状のＦＲＰに成形できる。Since such a base material is in the form of a sheet, it can be formed into various shapes of FRP according to the structure.
【００５８】また、前記トウシートやプリプレグは、補
強繊維がそれぞれ接着剤、未硬化のマトリックス樹脂に
より固定されているので、これを利用して金属線を補強
繊維と並行に配設することができる。In the tow sheet and the prepreg, the reinforcing fibers are fixed by an adhesive and an uncured matrix resin, respectively, so that a metal wire can be arranged in parallel with the reinforcing fibers by using the reinforcing fibers.
【００５９】なお、前記トウシートにおいて、支持体と
接着剤は、補強繊維糸条の固定を目的とするものであ
る。従って、支持体は、適度な剛性を有し、金属線を固
定しやすいガラスメッシュやガラス不織布などがよく、
また、接着剤は、硬化していても、未硬化であってもよ
い。ただし、マトリックス樹脂との相溶性を考え、マト
リックス樹脂がエポキシ樹脂の場合は、エポキシ系樹脂
の接着剤がよい。In the tow sheet, the support and the adhesive are for fixing the reinforcing fiber yarn. Therefore, the support has a suitable rigidity, a glass mesh or a glass nonwoven fabric, etc., which is easy to fix the metal wire, is good.
Further, the adhesive may be cured or uncured. However, in consideration of compatibility with the matrix resin, when the matrix resin is an epoxy resin, an epoxy resin adhesive is preferable.
【００６０】一方、織物は、たて糸とよこ糸の交錯によ
り互いの位置や形状を固定している。従って、金属線
を、これらの糸と交錯させることで、基材内に補強繊維
と並行に配設できる。ただし、織物は、前記トウシート
やプリプレグのように、金属線を接着でなく、交錯によ
って固定するので、剥がれの懸念がない。従って、基材
としては織物がより好ましい。On the other hand, the positions and shapes of the woven fabrics are fixed by intersecting the warp and the weft. Therefore, by intersecting the metal wire with these yarns, the metal wire can be disposed in the base material in parallel with the reinforcing fibers. However, the woven fabric has no fear of peeling because the metal wire is fixed not by bonding but by crossing as in the case of the tow sheet or prepreg. Therefore, a woven fabric is more preferable as the substrate.
【００６１】本発明の基材において、金属線は、基材内
に２ヶ所以上並行に配列していることが好ましい。本発
明の基材は長尺状なので、金属線両端に端子を設ける
と、端子間距離が長くなって、抵抗測定が困難になる
が、金属線を２ヶ所以上配列させて基材の一端で金属線
を接続させ、他端に二つの端子を設置して抵抗測定を行
えば、測定を簡便にできる。In the substrate of the present invention, it is preferable that the metal wires are arranged in two or more places in parallel in the substrate. Since the base material of the present invention has a long shape, if terminals are provided at both ends of the metal wire, the distance between the terminals becomes longer and resistance measurement becomes difficult. However, two or more metal wires are arranged at one end of the base material. If a metal wire is connected and two terminals are installed at the other end and resistance measurement is performed, the measurement can be simplified.
【００６２】なお、２ヶ所の配列形態は、異なる２本が
並行に配列していてもよいし、１本が、基材の端部や中
途においてＵターンしていてもよい。In the two arrangements, two different arrangements may be arranged in parallel, or one arrangement may make a U-turn at the end or halfway of the base material.
【００６３】ここで、この２つの端子を一端に設置する
場合においては、端子を取り出す１組（２本、Ｕターン
させる場合は１本）の間隔はできるだけ距離が小さい方
が作業上好ましい。従って、好ましい間隔は５ｃｍ以下
である。ただし、同一基材内の金属線同士や、隣接する
基材の接続が可能なので、この範囲に限定されることは
ない。Here, when these two terminals are installed at one end, it is preferable in terms of work that the distance between a pair of terminals (two, one in the case of U-turn) to be taken out is as short as possible. Therefore, the preferable interval is 5 cm or less. However, the connection is not limited to this range because metal wires in the same base material can be connected to each other or adjacent base materials can be connected.
【００６４】また、この端子を取り出す１組の間隔は小
さいし、かつ、適度な間隔でこの１組を配置させること
で基材内のより多くの箇所でＲＦＰの発生歪みの検出が
可能となるため好ましい。また、複数の基材を積層する
場合においては、基材の金属線が配列する箇所を任意の
間隔でずらすようにしても同様の効果を得ることができ
る。Further, the distance between a pair of terminals from which the terminals are taken out is small, and by disposing the pair at an appropriate interval, it is possible to detect the RFP generated distortion at more places in the base material. Therefore, it is preferable. Further, when a plurality of base materials are laminated, the same effect can be obtained even if the positions where the metal wires of the base material are arranged are shifted at arbitrary intervals.
【００６５】本発明の基材の厚みは、厚み測定器を使用
して測定した。方法は、ＪＩＳ Ｌ１０９６の一般織物
試験方法の６．５厚さ測定方法に準拠した。すなはち、
基材の異なる５ヶ所に厚さ測定器を用いて、加圧下の厚
さが落ち着くまで約１０秒間、２３．５ＫＰａの荷重を
加えた後に厚さを測り、その平均値で示した。また、被
覆した金属線の太さも同じ方法で測定した。The thickness of the substrate of the present invention was measured using a thickness measuring instrument. The method was based on the 6.5-thickness measurement method of JIS L1096, a general textile test method. Sunahachi,
The thickness was measured using a thickness measuring instrument at five different places on the substrate, and after applying a load of 23.5 KPa for about 10 seconds until the thickness under pressure was settled, the thickness was measured, and the average value was shown. Also, the thickness of the coated metal wire was measured by the same method.
【００６６】なお、ここでの基材厚みは、金属線が配設
されていない部分の値とした。また、後述する実施例で
は、厚み測定器として、（株）東洋精機製作所のＮｏ．
１３２型デジタル測厚器Ｂ−２を使用した。Here, the thickness of the base material is the value of the portion where no metal wire is provided. Further, in the examples described later, as the thickness measuring device, No. 1 of Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho, Ltd. was used.
A 132-type digital thickness gauge B-2 was used.
【００６７】さらに、本発明の基材は、大型構造物へ適
用できるので、紙管に捲回できる長尺状のものがよい。
従って、金属線が配設されても、基材が紙管に捲回でき
ることが好ましい。Further, since the base material of the present invention can be applied to a large-sized structure, it is preferable that the base material be long and can be wound around a paper tube.
Therefore, it is preferable that the substrate can be wound around the paper tube even if the metal wire is provided.
【００６８】つまり、基材が紙管に捲回され、この基材
中の被覆された金属線の太さが、前記基材の厚みの１０
０％以下であれば、紙管からほどいた際に基材表面は平
滑である。しかし、被覆された金属線の太さが基材厚み
よりも大きいと、被覆した金属線に巻取り圧が集中した
状態で基材が紙管に巻かれるので、基材を紙管からほど
いた際、補強繊維糸条の糸長差により基材表面が波状の
凹凸を発生し、好ましくない。That is, the base material is wound around a paper tube, and the thickness of the coated metal wire in the base material is 10% of the thickness of the base material.
If it is 0% or less, the substrate surface is smooth when unwound from the paper tube. However, when the thickness of the coated metal wire is larger than the thickness of the base material, the base material is wound around the paper core with the winding pressure concentrated on the coated metal wire, and the base material is unwound from the paper core. In such a case, the surface of the base material has wavy irregularities due to the difference in the yarn length of the reinforcing fiber yarns, which is not preferable.
【００６９】本発明の炭素繊維を使用した具体的な、織
物の実施態様を図面を参照して説明する。A specific embodiment of a woven fabric using the carbon fiber of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
【００７０】図１は、マルチフィラメントの炭素繊維の
単糸１からなる炭素繊維糸条２が、たて方向に並行に配
列し、よこ方向の補助糸３が炭素繊維糸条に交錯してい
る、いわゆる一方向性織物において、隣り合う炭素繊維
糸条間に、被覆した金属線４を前記糸条と並行に配設し
たものである。FIG. 1 shows that carbon fiber yarns 2 composed of single yarns 1 of multifilament carbon fibers are arranged in parallel in the warp direction, and auxiliary yarns 3 in the weft direction are interlaced with the carbon fiber yarns. In a so-called unidirectional woven fabric, a coated metal wire 4 is arranged between adjacent carbon fiber yarns in parallel with the yarns.
【００７１】また、図２、３は、たて方向にも補助糸５
が配列してよこ糸と交錯し、かつ、たて方向炭素繊維糸
条が実質的に屈曲（クリンプ）を有しない、いわゆる、
ノンクリンプ織物において、図１同様、隣り合う炭素繊
維糸条間に被覆した金属線４を前記糸条と並行に配設し
たものである。特に、図３は、たて補助糸５の代わりに
被覆した金属線４を配列したものである。FIGS. 2 and 3 show the auxiliary yarn 5 in the warp direction.
Are arranged and interlaced with the weft yarn, and the warp direction carbon fiber yarn has substantially no bend (crimp),
In the non-crimp fabric, as in FIG. 1, a metal wire 4 coated between adjacent carbon fiber yarns is arranged in parallel with the yarns. In particular, FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of the coated metal wires 4 instead of the warp auxiliary yarns 5.
【００７２】図４のように、よこ糸の炭素繊維糸条６
と、たて糸の炭素繊維糸条２とを交錯させた二方向性織
物でも、被覆した金属線４をたて糸の炭素繊維糸条２と
一緒に引揃えることにより、基材内に配設することがで
きる。なお、織り方として、この他に平織、朱子織、綾
織などが用いられる。As shown in FIG. 4, weft carbon fiber yarn 6
Even in a bidirectional woven fabric in which warp carbon fiber threads 2 are interlaced, the coated metal wire 4 can be arranged in the base material by aligning the coated metal wires 4 with the warp carbon fiber threads 2. it can. In addition, plain weave, satin weave, twill weave and the like are used as the weave.
【００７３】また、たて方向およびよこ方向の炭素繊維
糸条に対し、１本交互にたて方向およびよこ方向の補助
糸が配列して、補助糸により一体化した織り構造をな
し、たて方向およびよこ方向の炭素繊維糸条が実質的に
屈曲（クリンプ）を有しない、いわゆる二方向性のノン
クリンプ織物であっても良い。Further, auxiliary yarns in the warp direction and the weft direction are alternately arranged with respect to the carbon fiber yarns in the warp direction and the weft direction to form a woven structure integrated by the auxiliary yarns. A so-called bidirectional non-crimp fabric may be used, in which the carbon fiber yarns in the direction and the weft direction have substantially no bending (crimp).
【００７４】図５に、一方向性織物において、金属線が
補強繊維の配向方向に対し、角度を有して配向している
ケースの一例を示す。ここで、金属線４は、部分的によ
こ糸補助糸（ガラス繊維）３と金属線が同一箇所で一体
となり、並行に配列しているケースであるが、金属線の
配列箇所は必ずしもよこ糸と一体となっている必要はな
く、金属線単独であっても良い。FIG. 5 shows an example of a unidirectional woven fabric in which the metal wires are oriented at an angle to the orientation direction of the reinforcing fibers. Here, the metal wire 4 is a case where the weft assisting yarn (glass fiber) 3 and the metal wire are partially integrated at the same place and arranged in parallel, but the arranged place of the metal wire is not necessarily integrated with the weft. It is not necessary to use the metal wire, and the metal wire may be used alone.
【００７５】また、織物において金属線は、たて方向お
よび／またはよこ方向のたて糸（よこ糸）やたて補助糸
（よこ補助糸）と織物の製織時に同時に引き揃え、ある
いは単独で挿入することにより織物内に配置させること
ができる。Further, in the woven fabric, the metal wire is aligned with a warp (weft) and a warp auxiliary yarn (weft auxiliary yarn) in the warp direction and / or the weft direction simultaneously at the time of weaving the fabric, or inserted alone. It can be placed in a textile.
【００７６】上記図１〜５において、金属線の被覆は、
５２本のナイロンフィラメントが束になった７０デニー
ルのマルチフィラメントを、ＳＺ両方向にともに１２０
０回／ｍ捲回して行い、被覆率を１００％とした。In FIGS. 1 to 5, the coating of the metal wire is as follows.
A 70-denier multi-filament bundle of 52 nylon filaments is used in both SZ directions for 120
The winding was performed 0 times / m, and the coverage was set to 100%.
【００７７】なお、図１、２及び４のように、被覆した
金属線を隣り合う炭素繊維糸条間に、糸条に密着させて
配列すると、金属線が糸条と糸条、糸条とよこ糸によっ
て位置固定されるので、金属線を前記糸条と並行に配設
しやすいのでよい。さらに、たて糸とよこ糸を接着剤で
固定する、いわゆる目止めを行うと、金属線と糸条を並
行に、さらに強固に固定できるのでよい。As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, when the coated metal wire is arranged between the adjacent carbon fiber yarns so as to be in close contact with the yarn, the metal wire is formed into yarns and yarns and yarns. Since the position is fixed by the weft, the metal wire can be easily arranged in parallel with the yarn. Further, if so-called sealing is performed, in which the warp and the weft are fixed with an adhesive, the metal wire and the yarn can be fixed more in parallel and more firmly.
【００７８】なお、目止めに使用する接着剤としては、
共重合ナイロン、共重合ポリエステル、ポリエチレンな
どの低融点ポリマーが挙げられる。The adhesive used for filling is as follows.
Low melting point polymers such as copolymerized nylon, copolymerized polyester, and polyethylene are exemplified.
【００７９】本発明に用いる補強繊維としては、高強度
で高弾性率である繊維がよく、絶縁性繊維であればポリ
アラミド繊維やガラス繊維、導電性繊維であれば炭素繊
維がよい。The reinforcing fiber used in the present invention is preferably a fiber having a high strength and a high modulus of elasticity, such as a polyaramid fiber or a glass fiber for an insulating fiber, and a carbon fiber for a conductive fiber.
【００８０】ただし、コンクリート構造物の補修・補強
用途では、耐アルカリ性に優れる、引張強度が３０００
〜５６００ＭＰａで引張弾性率が２２０〜６４０ＧＰａ
の炭素繊維を用いるのがよい。中でも引張強度が４３０
０〜５６００ＭＰａ、引張弾性率が３４０〜６４０ＧＰ
ａの高強度、高弾性率の炭素繊維を用いると、必要な基
材枚数が少なくなって省力化に繋がるので好ましい。However, for repair / reinforcement of concrete structures, it is excellent in alkali resistance and has a tensile strength of 3000.
The tensile modulus is 220-640GPa at ~ 5600MPa
It is good to use carbon fiber of. Above all, the tensile strength is 430
0-5600MPa, tensile modulus 340-640GP
It is preferable to use the high-strength, high-modulus carbon fiber (a) because the number of required base materials is reduced, leading to labor saving.
【００８１】なお、補強繊維が炭素繊維である場合、基
材を構成する炭素繊維糸条は、６０００〜２４０００本
のフィラメント糸からなるものが好ましく、特に、織物
形態においては、前記炭素繊維糸条が複数本、束になっ
て引揃えられて糸条を構成していてもよい。When the reinforcing fibers are carbon fibers, the carbon fiber yarns constituting the base material are preferably composed of 6000 to 24000 filament yarns. May be arranged in a bundle and aligned to form a thread.
【００８２】本発明に用いる基材の補強繊維目付として
は、１８０〜１０００ｇ／ｍ2の範囲が好ましい。１８
０ｇ／ｍ2未満では、樹脂含浸しやすい点では好ましい
が、補強に必要な基材の枚数が増えるので、含浸作業が
多く面倒である。また、基材厚みが小さくなるので、被
覆した金属線の太さが基材厚みを越えやすく、基材を紙
管に巻取ってほどいた時に、波状凹凸を生じてしまうこ
とが多くなる。The basis weight of the reinforcing fiber of the substrate used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 180 to 1000 g / m 2 . 18
If it is less than 0 g / m 2 , it is preferable in that the resin is easily impregnated. However, the number of base materials required for reinforcement increases, so that the impregnation work is often troublesome. Further, since the thickness of the base material is reduced, the thickness of the coated metal wire easily exceeds the thickness of the base material, and when the base material is wound around a paper tube, corrugated irregularities often occur.
【００８３】一方、１０００ｇ／ｍ2以上の目付では、
必要な基材の枚数が少なくて効率的だが、基材の厚さ方
向中央への樹脂含浸が困難になってしまう。On the other hand, with a basis weight of 1000 g / m 2 or more,
Although the number of required base materials is small and efficient, it is difficult to impregnate the resin in the center of the base material in the thickness direction.
【００８４】本発明はおいて、図１、２、３、５に示す
ような一方向性織物の場合、織物のよこ糸は、たて糸と
同一方向に配列させた金属線と、織り構造をなしている
ことから、剛性が高い繊維が好ましい。剛性が高い繊維
を用いることにより、たて糸がよこ糸補助糸に押さえつ
けられる力が大きくなることで、たて糸とよこ糸補助糸
がより密着し、ＦＲＰにした場合にＦＲＰの歪みが金属
線から正確に検出しやすくなる。In the present invention, in the case of a unidirectional woven fabric as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 5, the weft of the woven fabric has a woven structure with metal wires arranged in the same direction as the warp yarn. Therefore, fibers having high rigidity are preferable. By using a fiber with high rigidity, the warp yarn is pressed against the weft auxiliary yarn, and the warp yarn and the weft auxiliary yarn are more closely adhered to each other. When the FRP is used, the distortion of the FRP is accurately detected from the metal wire. It will be easier.
【００８５】剛性の高い繊維としては、ガラス繊維やア
ラミド繊維、炭素繊維などが好ましく、なかでも、安価
なガラス繊維がより好ましい。特に、１００〜６０００
デニールのよこ糸および／またはよこ糸補助糸を用いる
と、金属線を固定しやすいのでよい。ただし、本発明で
は、織物に用いるよこ糸補助糸として、たて糸と金属線
を並行に固定させる必要から、ガラス繊維やアラミド繊
維、炭素繊維などの曲げ剛性の高い繊維が好ましく、中
でも、安価なガラス繊維が好ましい。特に、１００〜６
０００デニールのよこ糸補助糸を用いると、金属線が固
定しやすいのでよい。ただし、たて方向とよこ方向の繊
度比、すなはち、（たて方向の補強繊維糸条の太さ）／
（よこ糸補助糸の太さ）で表される値を３〜１００とす
ることが好ましい。As the fiber having high rigidity, glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber and the like are preferable, and in particular, inexpensive glass fiber is more preferable. In particular, 100-6000
The use of a denier weft yarn and / or a weft auxiliary yarn may facilitate fixing the metal wire. However, in the present invention, since it is necessary to fix the warp yarn and the metal wire in parallel as the weft auxiliary yarn used for the woven fabric, fibers having high bending rigidity such as glass fiber, aramid fiber, and carbon fiber are preferable, and inexpensive glass fiber is particularly preferable. Is preferred. In particular, 100-6
The use of a weft auxiliary yarn having a denier of 000 is preferable because the metal wire is easily fixed. However, the fineness ratio between the warp direction and the weft direction, ie, (thickness of the reinforcing fiber yarn in the warp direction) /
The value represented by (thickness of the weft auxiliary yarn) is preferably set to 3 to 100.
【００８６】繊度比が３未満では、よこ糸補助糸が太す
ぎるため、たて方向補強繊維糸条にクリンプを生じ、補
強繊維の強度特性が十分に発揮されない。[0086] When the fineness ratio is less than 3, the weft auxiliary yarn is too thick, so that the warp direction reinforcing fiber yarn is crimped and the strength characteristics of the reinforcing fiber are not sufficiently exhibited.
【００８７】一方、前記比が１００を越えると、よこ糸
補助糸が細すぎて、たて方向補強繊維や金属線を固定す
る効果が小さくなってしまう。On the other hand, when the ratio exceeds 100, the auxiliary weft yarn is too thin, and the effect of fixing the warp reinforcing fiber and the metal wire is reduced.
【００８８】なお、たて糸補助糸を使用する場合も、よ
こ糸補助糸の剛性と同等の方が、織物形態が安定するの
で、ガラス繊維がより好ましく用いられる。When using the warp auxiliary yarn, glass fibers are more preferably used since the woven form is more stable when the rigidity of the weft auxiliary yarn is the same.
【００８９】構造物が疲労等によって亀裂を発生し、剛
性低下を起こすと、この構造物は同じ応力に対して大き
な歪みを示すようになる。従って、ＦＲＰ中の金属線の
抵抗変化を測定すれば、ＦＲＰ構造物や、ＦＲＰと一体
であるコンクリート構造物の歪みや疲労の状態を検出す
ることができる。When a structure is cracked due to fatigue or the like and the rigidity is reduced, the structure shows a large strain with respect to the same stress. Therefore, by measuring the resistance change of the metal wire in the FRP, it is possible to detect the strain or the fatigue state of the FRP structure or the concrete structure integrated with the FRP.
【００９０】例えば、コンクリート構造物をＣＦＲＰ
（炭素繊維強化プラスチック）と一体にして補強する場
合、まず、コンクリート表面の脱脂や凹凸を修正した
後、コンクリートとの接着性をよくするため、プライマ
ーを塗り、乾燥するまで放置する。次に、マトリックス
樹脂である常温硬化型のエポキシ樹脂をコンクリート面
に塗布し、この上に炭素繊維基材を貼付け、ローラやへ
らで樹脂を基材へよく含浸させる。この時、金属線の両
端部分にリード線を、圧着端子などを用いて接続してお
くとよい。For example, when a concrete structure is CFRP
In the case of reinforcing integrally with (carbon fiber reinforced plastic), first, after the degreasing and unevenness of the concrete surface are corrected, a primer is applied to improve the adhesiveness with the concrete, and the concrete is left to dry. Next, a room temperature curing type epoxy resin as a matrix resin is applied to the concrete surface, a carbon fiber base material is attached thereon, and the resin material is sufficiently impregnated into the base material with a roller or a spatula. At this time, it is preferable to connect lead wires to both ends of the metal wire using crimp terminals or the like.
【００９１】さらに、この上に樹脂を塗布し、同様にロ
ーラやへらで樹脂含浸を行う。この作業を繰り返して基
材を所定の枚数貼付け、樹脂を硬化させてＣＦＲＰとす
ることができる。Further, a resin is applied thereon, and the resin is similarly impregnated with a roller or a spatula. By repeating this operation, a predetermined number of substrates can be attached and the resin can be cured to obtain CFRP.
【００９２】構造物の歪み状況の検出は、前記リード線
の両端をテスターに接続し、電気抵抗を測定してもよい
が、小さな抵抗変化を精度よく検出するため、以下の方
法で測定するのがよい。To detect the state of distortion of the structure, both ends of the lead wire may be connected to a tester and the electric resistance may be measured. However, in order to detect a small change in resistance with high accuracy, measurement is performed by the following method. Is good.
【００９３】すなはち、ブリッジ回路、動歪み計を接続
して、金属線の抵抗変化を歪みとして読み取る。必要に
応じて、ＸＹレコーダ等に記録してもよい。これによ
り、長時間、歪みの状況を検出することができる。That is, a bridge circuit and a dynamic strain meter are connected, and the resistance change of the metal wire is read as strain. If necessary, the information may be recorded on an XY recorder or the like. This makes it possible to detect the state of distortion for a long time.
【００９４】ここで用いるマトリックス樹脂としては、
エポキシ、ビニルエステル、不飽和ポリエステル、フェ
ノールなどの熱硬化性樹脂が使用されるが、耐火性が必
要な場合にはフェノール樹脂、コンクリート構造物に使
用される場合には接着力や耐アルカリ性に優れたエポキ
シ樹脂が好ましい。As the matrix resin used here,
Thermosetting resins such as epoxy, vinyl ester, unsaturated polyester, and phenol are used, but phenolic resin is required when fire resistance is required.Excellent adhesion and alkali resistance when used in concrete structures. Epoxy resins are preferred.
【００９５】[0095]
【実施例】以下、本発明の好ましい実施例による、ＦＲ
Ｐに生じる歪みを金属線の抵抗変化として検出するため
の基材、及びこれを用いた施工や検出の状況について説
明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A base material for detecting a strain generated in P as a change in resistance of a metal wire, and a situation of construction and detection using the base material will be described.
【００９６】（実施例１）金属線は、裸線径が０．１ｍ
ｍの丸断面で、抵抗率が１４１．３Ω／ｍのニクロム線
を使用し、予めアセトンで洗浄して脱脂しておいた。こ
のニクロム線に、５２本のナイロンフィラメントが束に
なった７０デニールのマルチフィラメントを、ＳＺ両方
向に、ともに１２００回／ｍ捲回して被覆した。被覆率
は表１の通りであった。また、絶縁性被覆材により金属
線が被覆されていない部分で、直径１０μｍ以上の球が
通り抜けられる箇所の個数が、前記金属線の長さ方向１
０ｃｍの間に、１個以下であった。(Example 1) The metal wire had a bare wire diameter of 0.1 m.
Using a nichrome wire having a circular cross section of m and a resistivity of 141.3 Ω / m, it was previously washed and degreased with acetone. This nichrome wire was coated with a 70-denier multifilament in which 52 nylon filaments were bundled in both directions of SZ at 1200 turns / m. The coverage was as shown in Table 1. Further, the number of places where a sphere having a diameter of 10 μm or more can pass through in a portion where the metal wire is not covered with the insulating coating material is determined by the length direction 1 of the metal wire.
There was one or less during 0 cm.
【００９７】基材は、表２に示す物性のＰＡＮ系高強度
タイプ炭素繊維糸条（単糸数：２４０００本、繊度：１
４４００デニール）を補強繊維としてたて方向に配列
し、よこ方向にはガラス繊維を補助糸として配列し、さ
らに、被覆したニクロム線を、前記補強繊維と並行に配
設して図２に示す態様に製織した一方向性炭素繊維織物
を使用した。この織物を５０メートル製織し、紙管に捲
回しながら巻き取った。その後、この織物を紙管からほ
どいて、波状凹凸の有無を確認した。The base material was a PAN-based high-strength type carbon fiber yarn having the physical properties shown in Table 2 (number of single yarns: 24,000, fineness: 1).
4400 deniers) are arranged in the warp direction as reinforcing fibers, glass fibers are arranged as auxiliary yarns in the weft direction, and a coated nichrome wire is arranged in parallel with the reinforcing fibers, as shown in FIG. A unidirectional carbon fiber woven fabric was used. This woven fabric was woven for 50 meters and wound up while being wound around a paper tube. Thereafter, the woven fabric was unwound from the paper tube, and the presence or absence of wavy irregularities was confirmed.
【００９８】ＣＦＲＰの成形は、長さ３００ｍｍ、幅２
５０ｍｍにカットした前記織物に常温硬化型のエポキシ
樹脂をローラで含浸して行った。この時、含浸のしやす
さや基材の取扱い性などの施工性を評価した。硬化は、
２３℃の室温中に１０日間放置して行った。The molding of CFRP is 300 mm in length and 2 in width.
The woven fabric cut to 50 mm was impregnated with a cold-setting epoxy resin using a roller. At this time, workability such as ease of impregnation and handleability of the substrate was evaluated. Curing is
The test was carried out by leaving it at room temperature of 23 ° C. for 10 days.
【００９９】ＣＦＲＰに引張歪みを与えた時のニクロム
線の電気抵抗は、上記ＣＦＲＰ７にガラスタブ８を貼付
けた後、図６に示す形状に切出した試験片で行った。被
覆したニクロム線４の両端部には、圧着端子を介してリ
ード線を半田で接続した。歪みは、２３℃の雰囲気中で
１ｍｍ／ｍｉｎの速度で与えた。The electric resistance of the nichrome wire when tensile strain was applied to the CFRP was measured using a test piece cut into the shape shown in FIG. 6 after the glass tab 8 was attached to the CFRP 7. Lead wires were connected to both ends of the coated nichrome wire 4 with solder via crimp terminals. The strain was applied at a rate of 1 mm / min in an atmosphere at 23 ° C.
【０１００】電気抵抗は、ホイートストンブリッジで測
定した。測定は、繊維方向の引張歪みが０、０．１％、
及び、コンクリート内の鉄筋が降伏する歪みの０．２％
の時の３回行い、これを、０．１〜０．２％間の引張−
引張疲労試験を行う前後に行った。疲労試験の繰返し数
は、１０6回とした。なお、歪みは、(株)共和電業の歪
ゲージ（ＫＦＧ−２０−１２０−Ｃ１−１１）で確認し
た。The electric resistance was measured with a Wheatstone bridge. The measurement was performed with a tensile strain in the fiber direction of 0, 0.1%,
0.2% of the strain at which the reinforcing steel in the concrete yields
3 times at the time of this, the tensile-0.1%-0.2%
The test was performed before and after the tensile fatigue test. The number of repetitions of the fatigue test was 10 6 times. The strain was confirmed by a strain gauge (KFG-20-120-C1-11) manufactured by Kyowa Dengyo.
【０１０１】一方、ＣＦＲＰの物性低下の有無を、補強
繊維方向の引張強度より調査した。測定は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ
７０７３に準拠し、２３℃の雰囲気中で１ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ
の引張速度で行った。強度は、破断荷重をＣＦＲＰ内で
引張方向に配列したＣＦと直角方向のＣＦ断面積で割っ
た値とし、ｎ＝５の平均値とした。On the other hand, the presence or absence of a decrease in the physical properties of CFRP was examined based on the tensile strength in the direction of the reinforcing fibers. The measurement is based on JIS K
1 mm / min in an atmosphere of 23 ° C. in accordance with 7073
At a pulling speed of The strength was defined as a value obtained by dividing the breaking load by the CF cross-sectional area in the perpendicular direction and the CF arranged in the tensile direction in the CFRP, and was an average value of n = 5.
【０１０２】電気抵抗測定の結果、疲労前後の歪み−電
気抵抗曲線に変化は見られず、０．２％の歪みを与える
ことによって、抵抗が０．１３Ω増加した。この増加量
は、抵抗値自体に比べると約０．３％と小さいが、再現
性に優れ、ｎ＝１０について抵抗増加率は同じとなった
ため、歪み発生による増加量であることが分かった。つ
まり、歪みが電気抵抗値として検出され、抵抗値に疲労
の影響は見られなかった。なお、疲労前後の歪み−電気
抵抗曲線を、それぞれ図７、８に示した。As a result of the electric resistance measurement, no change was observed in the strain-electric resistance curve before and after fatigue, and the resistance increased by 0.13 Ω by applying 0.2% strain. Although this increase is small, about 0.3%, compared to the resistance value itself, the reproducibility was excellent, and the resistance increase rate was the same for n = 10. That is, the strain was detected as an electric resistance value, and the resistance value was not affected by fatigue. The strain-electric resistance curves before and after fatigue are shown in FIGS.
【０１０３】本実施例のＣＦＲＰの引張強度は、４４５
０ＭＰａで、ニクロム線が含まれないＣＦＲＰが４５０
０ＭＰａであった。強度は、成形法がハンドレイアップ
であることと、糸条毎に強度のばらつきがあるため、Ｃ
ＦＲＰにおいてもばらつくと考えられる。そこで、ニク
ロム線を含まないＣＦＲＰについて評価した所、平均値
が最大１０％足らず変動し、ばらつきがあることが分か
った。よって、上記２つの値から、本実施例では物性低
下はないことが分かった。The tensile strength of the CFRP of this example was 445.
0MPa, 450 CFRP without nichrome wire
It was 0 MPa. The strength is determined by the hand lay-up method and the variation in strength for each yarn.
It is thought that it also varies in FRP. Then, when the CFRP containing no nichrome wire was evaluated, it was found that the average value fluctuated by less than 10% at the maximum and that there was a variation. Therefore, from the above two values, it was found that there was no decrease in the physical properties in this example.
【０１０４】試験片の配向方向両端の断面に見られた２
つのニクロム線断面を結んだ直線と、補強繊維方向との
間に角度のずれは見られなかった。さらに、この試験片
のマトリックス樹脂を電気炉で焼き飛ばしてニクロム線
を取り出し、その長さを測定した所、実際のニクロム線
の長さと試験片長さが一致した。つまり、ニクロム線が
補強繊維と並行に配設されていた。[0104] 2
No angle shift was observed between the straight line connecting the two Nichrome wire cross sections and the reinforcing fiber direction. Further, the matrix resin of the test piece was burned off in an electric furnace to take out the nichrome wire, and the length was measured. As a result, the actual length of the nichrome wire was equal to the test piece length. That is, the nichrome wire was provided in parallel with the reinforcing fiber.
【０１０５】（実施例２）金属線の配列方向をよこ方向
に配列させた図５に示す織物を用いた以外は、実施例１
と同じ成形、金属抵抗測定、および、強度測定の条件と
した。Example 2 Example 1 was repeated except that the fabric shown in FIG. 5 was used in which the metal wires were arranged in the horizontal direction.
The same molding, metal resistance measurement, and strength measurement conditions were used.
【０１０６】ここで、よこ方向への金属線の配列は、織
物製織時のよこ糸のガラス繊維挿入に際し、部分的にガ
ラス繊維と引き揃え挿入することで配列させた。Here, the arrangement of the metal wires in the weft direction was made by partially aligning and inserting the weft yarn with the glass fiber when inserting the weft yarn during weaving of the fabric.
【０１０７】電気抵抗の状況は、疲労前後の歪み−電気
抵抗曲線に変化は見られず、０．２％の歪みを与えるこ
とによって、抵抗が０．１２Ω増加した。Regarding the state of the electric resistance, no change was observed in the strain-electric resistance curve before and after fatigue, and the resistance increased by 0.12 Ω by giving a strain of 0.2%.
【０１０８】実施例１同様、試験片内のニクロム線の配
列方向を調べたところ、よこ糸として織り込まれている
ので、蛇行などは観察されなかった。When the arrangement direction of the nichrome wires in the test piece was examined in the same manner as in Example 1, no meandering was observed since the wires were woven as weft.
【０１０９】（比較例１）織物として、実施例１でニク
ロム線が配設されていないものを２枚使用し、ニクロム
線をこの層間に手作業で配設した以外は、実施例１と同
じ被覆したニクロム線とし、同じ成形、電気抵抗測定、
及び、強度測定の条件とした。(Comparative Example 1) Same as Example 1 except that two woven fabrics in Example 1 where no nichrome wire was provided were used and the nichrome wire was manually provided between the layers. With the coated nichrome wire, same molding, electric resistance measurement,
And conditions of the strength measurement were used.
【０１１０】成形は、上記織物に樹脂含浸し、その上に
被覆したニクロム線を補強繊維と並行に手作業で配設
し、さらにその上にもう１枚の織物を積層し、樹脂含浸
することで行った。The molding is performed by impregnating the woven fabric with a resin, manually arranging the coated nichrome wire in parallel with the reinforcing fiber, and further laminating another woven fabric thereon and impregnating with the resin. I went in.
【０１１１】電気抵抗の状況は、疲労前後の歪み−電気
抵抗曲線に変化は見られず、０．２％の歪みを与えるこ
とによって、抵抗が０．０７Ω増加した。Regarding the state of the electric resistance, there was no change in the strain-electric resistance curve before and after the fatigue, and the resistance increased by 0.07Ω by applying the strain of 0.2%.
【０１１２】実施例１同様、試験片内のニクロム線の配
列方向と、補強繊維方向との間の角度を調べた所、ずれ
が見られた。さらに、試験片から取り出したニクロム線
の長さは、試験片の長さよりも長かった。つまり、ニク
ロム線が、補強繊維と並行に配設されていなかった。As in Example 1, when the angle between the arrangement direction of the nichrome wires in the test piece and the direction of the reinforcing fibers was examined, a deviation was found. Further, the length of the nichrome wire taken out of the test piece was longer than the length of the test piece. That is, the nichrome wire was not provided in parallel with the reinforcing fiber.
【０１１３】本比較例では、ニクロム線が補強繊維と並
行に配設されていなかったため、ニクロム線の抵抗変化
が小さくなったことが分かった。In this comparative example, since the nichrome wire was not arranged in parallel with the reinforcing fiber, it was found that the resistance change of the nichrome wire was small.
【０１１４】（比較例２）ニクロム線の体積割合を１０
％とした以外は、実施例１と同じ被覆したニクロム線、
織物構造とし、同じ成形、電気抵抗測定、及び、強度測
定の条件とした。(Comparative Example 2) The volume ratio of the nichrome wire was 10
%, Except that the coated nichrome wire was the same as in Example 1,
The fabric structure was used, and the same molding, electric resistance measurement, and strength measurement conditions were used.
【０１１５】電気抵抗の状況は、疲労前後の歪み−電気
抵抗曲線に変化は見られず、０．２％の歪みを与えるこ
とによって、抵抗が０．１３Ω増加した。Regarding the state of the electric resistance, no change was observed in the strain-electric resistance curve before and after fatigue, and the resistance increased by 0.13Ω by applying 0.2% strain.
【０１１６】また、引張強度が、実施例１より約１２％
低下し、物性低下が見られた。The tensile strength was about 12% higher than that of Example 1.
And physical properties were reduced.
【０１１７】本比較例は、引張強度の低いニクロム線の
体積割合が高すぎたため、物性低下を起こしたことが分
かった。In this comparative example, it was found that the volume ratio of the nichrome wire having a low tensile strength was too high, so that the physical properties were reduced.
【０１１８】（比較例３）被覆条件を、ＳＺ両方向の捲
回々数をともに４００回／ｍとし、被覆率を５０％とし
たニクロム線を使用した以外は、実施例１と同じニクロ
ム線、織物構造とし、同じ成形、電気抵抗測定、及び、
強度測定の条件とした。Comparative Example 3 The same nichrome wire as in Example 1 was used except that the coating conditions were such that the number of turns in both SZ directions was 400 turns / m and the coverage was 50%. With a woven structure, the same molding, electrical resistance measurement, and,
The conditions for strength measurement were used.
【０１１９】疲労前の電気抵抗は、０．２％の歪みを与
えることによって、約０．０８Ω増加したが、値が不安
定であった。そこで、導通性を調査した所、炭素繊維と
ニクロム線の間に導通性が確認された。The electric resistance before fatigue was increased by about 0.08 Ω by applying a strain of 0.2%, but the value was unstable. Then, when the conductivity was examined, the conductivity was confirmed between the carbon fiber and the nichrome wire.
【０１２０】本比較例は、被覆が不完全であったため、
ニクロム線の抵抗変化が不安定になったことが分かっ
た。抵抗が不安定なため、疲労試験は行わなかった。In this comparative example, since the coating was incomplete,
It was found that the resistance change of the nichrome wire became unstable. The fatigue test was not performed because of the unstable resistance.
【０１２１】用いた基材とニクロム線の仕様を表１に、
得られた結果を表２に示す。Table 1 shows the specifications of the base material and the nichrome wire used.
Table 2 shows the obtained results.
【０１２２】（比較例４）織物として、実施例２でニク
ロム線が配設されていないものを２枚使用し、ニクロム
線を、この層間に手作業で配設した以外は、実施例２と
同じ被覆したニクロム線とし、同じ成形、金属抵抗測
定、および、強度測定の条件とした。(Comparative Example 4) The same fabric as in Example 2 was used except that two woven fabrics without the nichrome wire in Example 2 were used and the nichrome wire was manually arranged between the layers. The same coated nichrome wire was used, and the same molding, metal resistance measurement, and strength measurement conditions were used.
【０１２３】成形は、上記織物に樹脂含浸し、その上に
被覆したニクロム線を補強繊維と並行にて作業で配設
し、さらにその上にもう１枚の織物を積層し、樹脂含浸
することで行った。The molding is carried out by impregnating the woven fabric with a resin, arranging a coated nichrome wire on the woven fabric in parallel with the reinforcing fibers, and further laminating another woven fabric thereon and impregnating with the resin. I went in.
【０１２４】電気抵抗の状況は、疲労前後の歪み−電気
抵抗曲線に変化は見られず、０．２％の歪みを与えるこ
とによって、抵抗が０．０６Ω増加した。Regarding the state of the electric resistance, there was no change in the strain-electric resistance curve before and after fatigue, and the resistance increased by 0.06 Ω by applying 0.2% strain.
【０１２５】実施例２と同様、試験片内のニクロム線の
配列方向と、織物のよこ糸との関係を調べたところ、ず
れが見られ、ニクロム線の蛇行が観察された。As in Example 2, when the relationship between the arrangement direction of the nichrome wires in the test piece and the weft of the woven fabric was examined, a shift was observed, and the meandering of the nichrome wires was observed.
【０１２６】本比較例では、ニクロム線がＦＲＰの歪み
の測定方向である織物のよこ糸方向に対し、並行に配設
されていなかったため、ニクロム線の抵抗変化が小さく
なったことがわかった。In this comparative example, it was found that the resistance change of the nichrome wire was small because the nichrome wire was not disposed in parallel with the weft direction of the woven fabric, which is the measurement direction of the strain of the FRP.
【０１２７】[0127]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【０１２８】[0128]
【発明の効果】本発明によると、絶縁性補強繊維からな
る補強用繊維基材内部に金属線を配設、あるいは、金属
線に絶縁性材料で被覆を行い、これを炭素繊維からなる
補強用繊維基材内部に配設し、かつ、金属線の体積割合
を補強繊維の４％以下とすることにより、大型構造物や
これと一体の、様々な形状のＦＲＰに成形でき、しか
も、構造物やＦＲＰに発生する歪みの状況を正確に検出
することができる。According to the present invention, a metal wire is provided inside a reinforcing fiber base made of insulating reinforcing fiber, or a metal wire is coated with an insulating material, and the metal wire is coated with a reinforcing material made of carbon fiber. By arranging inside the fiber base material and making the volume ratio of the metal wire 4% or less of the reinforcing fiber, it can be formed into a large-sized structure or an FRP of various shapes integrated with the large-sized structure. And the state of the distortion generated in the FRP can be accurately detected.
【図１】 本発明の一実施態様に係わる一方向性炭素繊
維織物を示す。FIG. 1 shows a unidirectional carbon fiber fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】 本発明の一実施態様に係わるノンクリンプ一
方向性炭素繊維織物を示す。FIG. 2 shows a non-crimped unidirectional carbon fiber fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】 本発明の一実施態様に係わる、たて方向補助
糸に金属線を使用したノンクリンプ一方向性炭素繊維織
物の実施態様を示す。FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a non-crimped unidirectional carbon fiber fabric using a metal wire for the warp direction assisting yarn according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】 本発明の一実施態様に係わる二方向性炭素繊
維織物を示す。FIG. 4 shows a bidirectional carbon fiber fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図５】 本発明の一実施態様に係わる金属線が補強繊
維に対して角度を有して配列された炭素繊維織物を示
す。FIG. 5 shows a carbon fiber woven fabric in which metal wires according to an embodiment of the present invention are arranged at an angle to a reinforcing fiber.
【図６】 ニクロム線の電気抵抗変化を測定する試験片
の斜視図を示す。FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a test piece for measuring a change in electric resistance of a nichrome wire.
【図７】 疲労前の電気抵抗と歪みの関係図を示す。FIG. 7 shows a relationship diagram between electric resistance and strain before fatigue.
【図８】 疲労後の電気抵抗と歪みの関係図を示す。FIG. 8 shows a relationship diagram between electrical resistance and strain after fatigue.
１：炭素繊維単糸 ２：たて方向炭素繊維糸条 ３：よこ糸補助糸 ４：被覆したニクロム線 ５：たて糸補助糸 ６：よこ方向炭素繊維糸条 ７：ＣＦＲＰ ８：ガラスタブ 1: carbon fiber single yarn 2: warp direction carbon fiber yarn 3: weft auxiliary yarn 4: coated nichrome wire 5: warp auxiliary yarn 6: weft direction carbon fiber yarn 7: CFRP 8: glass tab
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 堀部 郁夫 愛媛県伊予郡松前町大字筒井1515番地 東 レ株式会社愛媛工場内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Ikuo Horibe 1515 Tsutsui, Oaza Matsumae-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime
Claims (18)
ってシート状補強用繊維基材を形成し、かつ、前記補強
繊維に対する金属線の体積割合が４％以下であることを
特徴とする、補強用繊維基材。1. An insulating reinforcing fiber and a metal wire are integrally formed to form a sheet-like reinforcing fiber base material, and a volume ratio of the metal wire to the reinforcing fiber is 4% or less. A reinforcing fiber substrate.
縁性被覆材で被覆された金属線とが、一体となってシー
ト状補強用繊維基材を形成し、かつ、前記補強繊維に対
する金属線の体積割合が４％以下であることを特徴とす
る、補強用繊維基材。2. A reinforcing fiber made of carbon fiber and a metal wire whose periphery is covered with an insulating coating material integrally form a sheet-like reinforcing fiber base material, and a metal for the reinforcing fiber is formed. A fiber base material for reinforcement, wherein the volume ratio of the wire is 4% or less.
一方向に配列していることを特徴とする請求項１または
２記載の補強用繊維基材。3. The reinforcing fiber base according to claim 1, wherein the metal wires are arranged in the same direction as the orientation direction of the reinforcing fibers.
して、角度を有して配列していることを特徴とする請求
項１または２記載の補強用繊維基材。4. The reinforcing fiber substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal wires are arranged at an angle to an orientation direction of the reinforcing fibers.
して、同一方向および角度を有して配列していることを
特徴とする請求項１または２記載の補強用繊維基材。5. The reinforcing fiber base according to claim 1, wherein the metal wires are arranged at the same direction and at an angle to the orientation direction of the reinforcing fibers.
ることを特徴とする、請求項２に記載の補強用繊維基
材。6. The reinforcing fiber substrate according to claim 2, wherein the insulating covering material has resin permeability.
とを特徴とする、請求項２乃至は６のいずれかに記載の
補強用繊維基材。7. The reinforcing fiber base material according to claim 2, wherein the insulating covering material is a fibrous material.
あることを特徴とする、請求項２乃至は７のいずれかに
記載の補強用繊維基材。8. The reinforcing fiber substrate according to claim 2, wherein the insulating covering material is a filament yarn.
合が、９０%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項２乃
至は８のいずれかに記載の補強用繊維基材。9. The reinforcing fiber base according to claim 2, wherein a covering ratio of the metal wire with the insulating covering material is 90% or more.
されていない部分で、直径１０μｍ以上の球が通り抜け
られる箇所の個数が、前記金属線の長さ方向１０ｃｍの
間に、５個以下であることを特徴とする、請求項２乃至
は８のいずれかに記載の補強用繊維基材。10. In a portion where the metal wire is not covered with the insulating coating material, the number of places through which a sphere having a diameter of 10 μm or more can pass is less than 5 in a length direction of the metal wire of 10 cm. The reinforcing fiber substrate according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the reinforcing fiber substrate is provided.
捲回され、前記被覆された金属線の太さが、基材厚みの
１００％以下であることを特徴とする、請求項２ないし
９のいずれかに記載の補強用繊維基材。11. The sheet-like reinforcing fiber base material is wound around a winding tube, and the thickness of the coated metal wire is 100% or less of the base material thickness. 10. The reinforcing fiber base material according to any one of claims 9 to 9.
を特徴とする、請求項１ないし１１のいずれかに記載の
補強用繊維基材。12. The reinforcing fiber substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal wire is a nichrome wire.
向に並行に配列した補強繊維を接着剤により支持体に接
着固定されてなるトウシートである、請求項１ないし１
２のいずれかに記載の補強用繊維基材。13. The sheet-like reinforcing fiber base material is a tow sheet in which reinforcing fibers arranged in parallel in one direction are bonded and fixed to a support with an adhesive.
3. The reinforcing fiber substrate according to any one of 2.
繊維をＢステージ状態の熱硬化性樹脂で一体化してなる
プリプレグである、請求項１ないし１２のいずれかに記
載の補強用繊維基材。14. The reinforcing fiber base according to claim 1, wherein the sheet-like reinforcing fiber base is a prepreg obtained by integrating reinforcing fibers with a thermosetting resin in a B-stage state. Wood.
ある、請求項１ないし１２または１４のいずれかに記載
の補強用繊維基材。15. The reinforcing fiber substrate according to claim 1, wherein the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate is a woven fabric.
の隣り合う補強繊維糸条間に配列したことを特徴とす
る、請求項１ないし１５のいずれかに記載の補強用繊維
基材。16. The reinforcing fiber substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal wires are arranged between adjacent reinforcing fiber yarns of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate.
したことを特徴とする、請求項１ないし１６のいずれか
に記載の補強用繊維基材。17. The reinforcing fiber substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metal wires are arranged in two or more places in parallel.
の補強用繊維基材を、構造物あるいは構造物と一体とな
ってＦＲＰとした後、前記金属線の抵抗変化から、前記
構造物に発生する歪みを検出することを特徴とする、構
造物の歪み検出方法。18. After the reinforcing fiber base material according to claim 1 is integrated with a structure or a structure to form an FRP, the structure of the reinforcing fiber base material is applied to the structure based on a change in resistance of the metal wire. A method for detecting distortion of a structure, comprising detecting generated distortion.
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14721898A JP4300597B2 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1998-05-28 | Fiber substrate for reinforcement and method for detecting strain in structure |
| TW88102304A TW434360B (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-12 | Carbon fiber matrix for reinforcement, laminate and detecting method |
| KR1019997009648A KR100563130B1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | Reinforcing carbon fiber base material, laminate and detection method |
| PCT/JP1999/000644 WO1999042643A1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | Reinforcing carbon fiber base material, laminate and detection method |
| US09/402,981 US6277771B1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | Reinforcing carbon fiber material, laminate and detecting method |
| DE69941471T DE69941471D1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | CARBON FIBER MATERIAL FOR REINFORCEMENT, LAMINATE AND MONITORING PROCESS |
| EP19990902909 EP0989215B1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | Reinforcing carbon fiber base material, laminate and detection method |
| CA 2286574 CA2286574A1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | Reinforcing carbon fiber base material, laminate and detection method |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3619098 | 1998-02-18 | ||
| JP10-36190 | 1998-02-18 | ||
| JP14721898A JP4300597B2 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1998-05-28 | Fiber substrate for reinforcement and method for detecting strain in structure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11302936A true JPH11302936A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
| JP4300597B2 JP4300597B2 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
Family
ID=26375235
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14721898A Expired - Fee Related JP4300597B2 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1998-05-28 | Fiber substrate for reinforcement and method for detecting strain in structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4300597B2 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002013040A (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-18 | Toray Ind Inc | Carbon fiber woven fabric for reinforcement and wet prepreg using the woven fabric, and method for producing the same |
| WO2005001180A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-06 | Ideal Star Inc. | Electron-emitting woven fabric and display device using same |
| JP2007505309A (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2007-03-08 | キネテイツク・リミテツド | Sensors and sensor arrays for structural monitoring |
| JP2008216051A (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-18 | Sekisui House Ltd | Crack sample and crack repair experiment method using same |
| JP2009062639A (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-26 | Nets 101 Kk | Woven fabric and loom |
| JP2010127772A (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-10 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Fibrous deformation sensor and cloth-like deformation sensor |
| WO2018047718A1 (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-15 | ヤマハ株式会社 | Anisotropic strain sensor sheet and clothing |
| JP2019105477A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-27 | 株式会社高速道路総合技術研究所 | Method to detect damage/deformation of structure with cfrp tendon for introducing pre-stress and cfrp tendon |
| CN112730230A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-30 | 中国航空工业集团公司成都飞机设计研究所 | Device and method for measuring viscosity of prepreg tows after automatic fiber laying |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102152170B1 (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-09-07 | 중앙대학교 산학협력단 | Concrete panel specimen for fiber mesh pull-out test and method for manufacturing the same, pull-out testing method for fiber mesh and pull-out tester for fiber mesh |
-
1998
- 1998-05-28 JP JP14721898A patent/JP4300597B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002013040A (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-18 | Toray Ind Inc | Carbon fiber woven fabric for reinforcement and wet prepreg using the woven fabric, and method for producing the same |
| JP4792293B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2011-10-12 | 株式会社イデアルスター | Electron emitting woven fabric and display device using the same |
| WO2005001180A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-06 | Ideal Star Inc. | Electron-emitting woven fabric and display device using same |
| JPWO2005001180A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2007-09-20 | 株式会社イデアルスター | Electron emitting woven fabric and display device using the same |
| US7741232B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2010-06-22 | Ideal Star Inc. | Electron-emitting woven fabric and display device using same |
| JP2007505309A (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2007-03-08 | キネテイツク・リミテツド | Sensors and sensor arrays for structural monitoring |
| JP2008216051A (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-18 | Sekisui House Ltd | Crack sample and crack repair experiment method using same |
| JP2009062639A (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-26 | Nets 101 Kk | Woven fabric and loom |
| JP2010127772A (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-10 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Fibrous deformation sensor and cloth-like deformation sensor |
| WO2018047718A1 (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-15 | ヤマハ株式会社 | Anisotropic strain sensor sheet and clothing |
| JP2019105477A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-27 | 株式会社高速道路総合技術研究所 | Method to detect damage/deformation of structure with cfrp tendon for introducing pre-stress and cfrp tendon |
| CN112730230A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-30 | 中国航空工业集团公司成都飞机设计研究所 | Device and method for measuring viscosity of prepreg tows after automatic fiber laying |
| CN112730230B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-10-11 | 中国航空工业集团公司成都飞机设计研究所 | Device and method for measuring viscosity of prepreg tows after automatic fiber laying |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4300597B2 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR100563130B1 (en) | Reinforcing carbon fiber base material, laminate and detection method | |
| US4772092A (en) | Crack detection arrangement utilizing optical fibres as reinforcement fibres | |
| CN105374442A (en) | High voltage electric transmission cable | |
| JPH11302936A (en) | Fiber substrate for reinforcement, and detection of strain of structure | |
| US11926135B2 (en) | Wrappable laminated textile sleeve with enhanced flexibility and method of reducing cracking in a foil layer of a wrappable textile sleeve | |
| JP2012527375A5 (en) | ||
| JP6497169B2 (en) | Carbon fiber reinforced plastic wire sheet and method for reinforcing steel structure | |
| WO1993016866A1 (en) | Electric hardening material, uses of the same and method of practically using the same | |
| JPH08193993A (en) | Method for detecting crack of concrete structure | |
| WO2024046427A1 (en) | Steel-continuous fiber composite smart rib having jacketed optical cable embedded in steel bar inner core and preparation method therefor | |
| JP3144266B2 (en) | Deterioration detection method for concrete structures | |
| JPS59179843A (en) | Wire woven article and tire having tread part reinforcing layer made thereof | |
| US4684293A (en) | Cable for fastening structures and method of detecting damage to corrosion-preventive layer thereof | |
| JPH11326149A (en) | Method for verifying development of damage after reinforcement of concrete structure | |
| EP1446603B1 (en) | A flexible pipe with a tensile reinforcement | |
| JP2004132015A (en) | Falling prevention sheet | |
| JP4236478B2 (en) | Reinforcing fiber sheet | |
| JP2008063782A (en) | Mesh material for repairing or reinforcing concrete structure, and method of producing the same | |
| JP3109409B2 (en) | Reinforcing fiber sheet for concrete structures | |
| JP7084575B2 (en) | Crack detection sensor and crack detection system | |
| JP4186262B2 (en) | LAMINATE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING LAYER NUMBER OF LAMINATE | |
| JP2003272447A (en) | Armoring structure of wire harness | |
| JPH10121345A (en) | Carbon fiber sheet and repair and reinforcement of concrete structure | |
| JP4610936B2 (en) | FIBER SHEET FOR REINFORCING CONCRETE STRUCTURE AND REINFORCING METHOD | |
| JPH01229838A (en) | Reinforced base material for composite material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20050407 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20050407 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20080507 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080707 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20090331 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120501 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20090413 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120501 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |