JPH11267611A - Equipment for detoxification treatment of toxic substance - Google Patents
Equipment for detoxification treatment of toxic substanceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11267611A JPH11267611A JP10112616A JP11261698A JPH11267611A JP H11267611 A JPH11267611 A JP H11267611A JP 10112616 A JP10112616 A JP 10112616A JP 11261698 A JP11261698 A JP 11261698A JP H11267611 A JPH11267611 A JP H11267611A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- pressure tank
- supercritical fluid
- harmful substance
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 5
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 title 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は廃棄物処理装置に関し、
とくに、有害物質の無害化処理装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus,
In particular, it relates to a detoxification treatment device for harmful substances.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来技術】各種の廃棄物の分解処理を目的として近年
超臨界流体を利用することが提案されている。とくに、
超臨界流体を利用してダイオキシン等の有害成分を含有
するスラッジ、スラリー、油泥、焼却灰もしくは土壌を
無害化することが試みられているが、これら材料を工業
的規模で連続的に効率的に処理できる装置の出現が強く
望まれていた。2. Description of the Related Art It has recently been proposed to use a supercritical fluid for the purpose of decomposing various wastes. In particular,
Attempts have been made to detoxify sludge, slurry, oil mud, incinerated ash or soil containing harmful components such as dioxin using supercritical fluids. There has been a strong need for an apparatus capable of processing.
【０００３】米国特許第５，１３３，８７７号には超臨
界流体による有害廃棄物の無害化処理装置が提案されて
いる。この装置において、廃棄物は水と混合されたてか
ら反応器に給送されるが、高圧状態は高圧ポンプにより
超臨界圧まで昇圧され、超臨界温度は反応器に設けられ
た電気的加熱テープにより昇温される構造となってい
る。電気的加熱テープは１０００℃以上の高温にできな
いため、加熱効率が悪い。さらに、この構造において、
超臨界処理される材料に水が混合しているため、処理量
が必然的に多くなり、高圧ポンプと加熱テープの電力消
費が大きくなって、工業的規模で廃棄物を連続的に低コ
ストで処理することが出来なかった。[0003] US Patent No. 5,133,877 proposes an apparatus for detoxifying hazardous waste using a supercritical fluid. In this device, the waste is mixed with water and then fed to the reactor.The high pressure state is raised to the supercritical pressure by a high pressure pump, and the supercritical temperature is controlled by an electric heating tape provided in the reactor. The structure is such that the temperature rises. Since the electric heating tape cannot be heated to a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or more, the heating efficiency is poor. Furthermore, in this structure,
Since water is mixed with the material to be supercritically processed, the processing amount is inevitably increased, the power consumption of the high-pressure pump and the heating tape is increased, and the waste is continuously reduced on an industrial scale at low cost. Could not process.
【０００４】米国特許第５，２５２，２２４号および同
第５，５９１，４１５号には廃棄物と水との混合物によ
り増量した被処理物を電気ヒータもしくはガスヒータで
加熱しているが、連続的に給送される被処理物を常に超
臨界状態まで加熱するには莫大なエネルギーコストがか
かり実用的ではない。しかも、両特許の構造において、
反応器自体の後流側に直結して冷却部を設けてあるが、
これら構造は熱損失が大きいため、効率が悪かった。In US Pat. Nos. 5,252,224 and 5,591,415, an object to be treated increased by a mixture of waste and water is heated by an electric heater or a gas heater. It is not practical to always heat the object fed to the supercritical state to a supercritical state because of the huge energy cost. Moreover, in the structure of both patents,
A cooling section is provided directly connected to the downstream side of the reactor itself,
These structures were inefficient due to large heat loss.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は上記の問題点
を解決し、固形物を含むＰＣＢまたはダイオキシンで汚
染された被処理物を水と混合することなく反応容器に供
給し、反応容器の反応ゾーンで超臨界流体発生器で発生
させた超臨界流体と接触させることにより、エネルギー
効率を上げ、低ランニングコストで連続的な無害化処理
を可能にするものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and supplies an object to be treated contaminated with PCB or dioxin containing solid matter to a reaction vessel without mixing with water. By contacting with a supercritical fluid generated by a supercritical fluid generator in a reaction zone, energy efficiency is increased, and continuous detoxification treatment can be performed at low running cost.
【０００６】[0006]
【本発明の構成】上記目的は、有害物質無害化処理装置
が予熱ゾーンを有するインナーウォールと反応ゾーンを
有する高温高圧反応容器と、予熱ゾーンを加熱しながら
超臨界流体と酸化剤との超臨界複合流体を反応容器に供
給する超臨界複合流体発生器と、予熱ゾーンに有害物質
反応材を供給する材料供給手段と、予熱ゾーンに中和剤
を供給する手段と、予熱ゾーンに配置されていて、有害
物質反応材を撹拌しながら有害物質反応材の予熱を促進
する撹拌手段と、予熱ゾーンの下部に配置されていて反
応容器の底部との間に反応ゾーンを形成していて撹拌さ
れた反応材を反応ゾーン内で微粒化するロータ部材と、
処理済み材料を反応容器から連続的に吐出させる取出経
路とを備え、インナーウォールが超臨界流体発生器から
供給される超臨界流体を反応ゾーンに導入するための開
口部を有することにより達成される。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a detoxification apparatus for harmful substances, a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor having an inner wall having a preheating zone and a reaction zone, and a supercritical fluid and an oxidizing agent while heating the preheating zone. A supercritical composite fluid generator that supplies the composite fluid to the reaction vessel, a material supply unit that supplies a harmful substance reactant to the preheating zone, a unit that supplies a neutralizing agent to the preheating zone, and is disposed in the preheating zone. A stirring means for promoting the preheating of the harmful substance reactant while stirring the harmful substance reactant, and forming a reaction zone between the lower part of the preheating zone and the bottom of the reaction vessel to form a stirred reaction. A rotor member for atomizing the material in the reaction zone;
A discharge path for continuously discharging the treated material from the reaction vessel, and the inner wall has an opening for introducing the supercritical fluid supplied from the supercritical fluid generator into the reaction zone. .
【０００７】さらに上記目的は、有害物質無害化処理装
置が、反応ゾーンを有する高温高圧反応容器と、内側に
水を収納している高圧タンクと高圧タンク内に配置され
て超臨界流体を反応ゾーンに供給するアーク放電手段と
を有する超臨界流体発生器と、反応容器に有害物質反応
材を供給するための材料供給手段と、処理済み反応材を
連続的に吐出させる取出経路とを備え、アーク放電手段
が電源と、電源に接続されていて水中で複数のアーク放
電を発生することにより高圧タンク内で超臨界状態を生
成するアーク放電電極郡とを備えることにより達成され
る。It is another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for detoxifying a harmful substance, comprising a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction vessel having a reaction zone, a high-pressure tank containing water therein, and a supercritical fluid disposed in the high-pressure tank. A supercritical fluid generator having an arc discharge means for supplying to the reaction vessel, a material supply means for supplying a harmful substance reactant to the reaction vessel, and an extraction path for continuously discharging the treated reactant, This is achieved by the discharge means comprising a power supply and a group of arc discharge electrodes connected to the power supply and generating a plurality of arc discharges in water to create a supercritical state in the high pressure tank.
【０００８】[0008]
【作用】この発明の有害物質無害化処理装置において、
被処理物を水と混合することなく、反応ゾーンを有する
高温高圧反応容器と超臨界流体発生器とを独立して配置
し、反応ゾーンを通過する被処理物と超臨界流体とを直
接接触させる方式を採用することにより、超臨界反応に
要するエネルギー消費を最少にするものである。しか
も、超臨界流体発生器を水を充填した高圧タンクと、高
圧タンク内に配置した電気加熱手段とにより構成し、電
気加熱手段を電源に接続されて水を５０００℃〜１２０
００℃で加熱するアーク放電電極郡により構成するよう
にしたものである。In the harmful substance detoxification processing apparatus of the present invention,
Without mixing the object to be treated with water, the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction vessel having a reaction zone and the supercritical fluid generator are arranged independently, and the object to be treated and the supercritical fluid passing through the reaction zone are brought into direct contact with each other. By adopting the method, the energy consumption required for the supercritical reaction is minimized. In addition, the supercritical fluid generator is constituted by a high-pressure tank filled with water and electric heating means arranged in the high-pressure tank, and the electric heating means is connected to a power source to supply water at a temperature of 5000 ° C to 120 ° C.
It is constituted by an arc discharge electrode group heated at 00 ° C.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】本発明の有害物質無害化処理装置は、ダイオ
キシン汚染廃棄物（例、焼却灰、土壌）の無害化処理に
適用したものとして説明する。図１は本発明による望ま
しい実施例の無害化処理装置１０を示す。無害化処理装
置１０はステンレスまたはチタン等の耐食性金属で構成
される高温高圧反応容器１２と、反応容器１２に超臨界
流体と酸化剤との超臨界複合流体を供給するための超臨
界複合流体発生器１４とを備える。反応容器１２はイン
ナーウォール１６およびアウターウォール１８を備え、
その中間に環状スペース２０が形成されている。環状ス
ペース２０の上部はバルブ２２を介して超臨界流体発生
器１４に連通していて、このスペース内に超臨界複合流
体が供給される。反応容器１２はインナーウォール１６
の内側に固形状の有害廃棄物（以下、反応材と称する）
を撹拌混合するための撹拌部材２４と、反応材に剪断作
用を与えて微粒化することより反応時間を短縮するロー
タ部材２６を備え、これらは反応容器１２の上部に設け
たモータ２８により回動される。アウターウォール１８
はテーパ底部１８ａを備え、ロータ部材２６はアウター
ウォール１８のテーパ底部１８ａと相似形状のテーパ底
部２６ａを備える。テーパ底部１８ａ、２６ａ間には反
応材の種類に応じて１ｍｍ〜３ｍｍのクリアランス３０
が形成され、クリアランス３０は反応ゾーンとして機能
する。環状スペース２０の下部は反応ゾーン３０に隣接
した開口部２０ａを有する。ロータ部材２６は反応ゾー
ン３０に供給された超臨界水をインナーウォール１６の
上部に導入するために軸方向に延びる細孔２６ｂを有す
る。インナーウォール１６は予熱ゾーン３２を備え、環
状スペース２０に導入された超臨界複合流体の温度によ
り加熱されたインナーウォール１６と、ロータ部材２６
の細孔２６ｂを通じて導入された超臨界複合流体によっ
てインナーウォール１６内の反応材を予熱する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The harmful substance detoxification apparatus of the present invention will be described as applied to detoxification of dioxin-contaminated waste (eg, incinerated ash, soil). FIG. 1 shows a detoxifying apparatus 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The detoxifying apparatus 10 includes a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction vessel 12 made of a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel or titanium, and a supercritical composite fluid for supplying the reaction vessel 12 with a supercritical composite fluid of a supercritical fluid and an oxidizing agent. And a vessel 14. The reaction vessel 12 includes an inner wall 16 and an outer wall 18,
An annular space 20 is formed in the middle. The upper part of the annular space 20 communicates with the supercritical fluid generator 14 via a valve 22, and a supercritical composite fluid is supplied into this space. The reaction vessel 12 has an inner wall 16
Hazardous waste in solid form (hereinafter referred to as reactant)
A stirring member 24 for stirring and mixing the mixture, and a rotor member 26 for shortening the reaction time by applying a shearing action to the reaction material to atomize the reaction material, and these are rotated by a motor 28 provided at the upper part of the reaction vessel 12. Is done. Outer wall 18
Has a tapered bottom portion 18a, and the rotor member 26 has a tapered bottom portion 26a similar in shape to the tapered bottom portion 18a of the outer wall 18. A clearance 30 of 1 mm to 3 mm is provided between the tapered bottom portions 18a and 26a depending on the type of the reaction material.
Is formed, and the clearance 30 functions as a reaction zone. The lower part of the annular space 20 has an opening 20a adjacent to the reaction zone 30. The rotor member 26 has pores 26 b extending in the axial direction for introducing supercritical water supplied to the reaction zone 30 to the upper portion of the inner wall 16. The inner wall 16 has a preheating zone 32, and is heated by the temperature of the supercritical composite fluid introduced into the annular space 20;
The reaction material in the inner wall 16 is preheated by the supercritical composite fluid introduced through the fine pores 26b.
【００１０】反応容器１２には、反応材を加圧下にて供
給するため、ロータリ・フィーダー３４を介して材料供
給シリンダー３６に接続される。材料供給シリンダ３６
には、ロータリ・フィーダ３８を介して、反応材貯蔵容
器４０の反応材Ｒが供給される。材料供給シリンダ３６
は図示しない適当な油圧ユニットにより予め定められた
適当な速度で反応材Ｒをシリンダ３６の駆動速度に連動
するロータリ・フィーダ３４を介して反応容器１２内に
連続的に圧送される。一方、反応容器１２内には中和材
タンク３５からポンプ３７、バルブ３９を介してアルカ
リ性溶液が中和剤として供給され、予熱ゾーン３２内で
ダイオキシン汚染材と混合される。The reactor 12 is connected to a material supply cylinder 36 via a rotary feeder 34 in order to supply the reactor under pressure. Material supply cylinder 36
Is supplied with a reaction material R in a reaction material storage container 40 via a rotary feeder 38. Material supply cylinder 36
The reaction material R is continuously pressure-fed into the reaction vessel 12 via a rotary feeder 34 interlocked with the driving speed of the cylinder 36 at an appropriate predetermined speed by an appropriate hydraulic unit (not shown). On the other hand, an alkaline solution is supplied as a neutralizing agent into the reaction vessel 12 from a neutralizing material tank 35 via a pump 37 and a valve 39, and is mixed with the dioxin contaminant in the preheating zone 32.
【００１１】図１〜図３より明らかなように、超臨界複
合流体発生器１４はステンレス等の耐熱・耐圧性金属か
らなる高圧タンク４２を備え、高圧タンク４２には水タ
ンク４４がバルブ４５を介して接続され、一方、過酸化
水素タンク４６がバルブ４８を介して接続されている。
高圧タンク４２の底部には電気加熱手段５０が配置され
ていて、三相交流電源５２に接続されている。図２、３
に示されるように、電気加熱手段５０は複数のアーク放
電電極５０ａ、５０’ａ、５０ｂ、５０’ｂ、５０ｃ、
５０’ｃ、５０ｄから構成される。アーク放電電極５０
ｄは星型３相結線された電源５２の中性点５２ｄに接続
され、電極５０ｄの周囲に等間隔で電極５０ａ、５０’
ａ、５０ｂ、５０’ｂ、５０ｃ、５０’ｃが配置され
る。電極５０ａ、５０’ａは電源５２の出力端子５２ａ
に、電極５０ｂ、５０’ｂは出力端子５２ｃに、そして
電極５０ｃ、５０’ｃは出力端子５２ｂに接続される。
アーク放電電極は絶縁ホルダー５４に固定支持され、ホ
ルダー５４は高圧タンク４２の底部に装着される。As apparent from FIGS. 1 to 3, the supercritical composite fluid generator 14 includes a high-pressure tank 42 made of a heat-resistant and pressure-resistant metal such as stainless steel. , While the hydrogen peroxide tank 46 is connected via a valve 48.
An electric heating means 50 is arranged at the bottom of the high-pressure tank 42 and is connected to a three-phase AC power supply 52. Figures 2 and 3
As shown in FIG. 5, the electric heating means 50 includes a plurality of arc discharge electrodes 50a, 50'a, 50b, 50'b, 50c,
50'c and 50d. Arc discharge electrode 50
d is connected to the neutral point 52d of the power supply 52 connected in a star-shaped three-phase connection, and the electrodes 50a, 50 'are equally spaced around the electrode 50d.
a, 50b, 50'b, 50c, 50'c are arranged. The electrodes 50a and 50'a are output terminals 52a of the power source 52.
The electrodes 50b, 50'b are connected to the output terminal 52c, and the electrodes 50c, 50'c are connected to the output terminal 52b.
The arc discharge electrode is fixedly supported by an insulating holder 54, and the holder 54 is mounted on the bottom of the high-pressure tank 42.
【００１２】図２において、電源５２の中性点５２ｄと
高圧タンク４２との間にはスイッチ５６および直流電源
５８が接続される。このとき、アーク放電電極は＋側と
なっているから、タンク４２内で反応促進剤としての酸
素Ｏ２を発生させることができる。電源５２は無負荷時
に９０Ｖ、負荷時に３０Ｖとし、電極の径を２６φとし
て、アーク放電電極に交流電圧を供給し、電極に８０Ａ
の電流を流すと、図２、３に示す如く、電極間に複数の
アークＡが発生する。これらアークは約５０００℃でそ
の中心部は約１２０００℃にも達するため、アークの高
温により水は瞬時に蒸気となるとともに一部は酸素と水
素に分解され、これらは反応して青い炎が水面まで発生
する。したがって、アークによる高温および酸素と水素
との反応による高温のために高圧タンク４２は図４の超
臨界状態（臨界温度３７４℃、臨界圧２１８ｋｇ／ｃｍ
２）に達する。ＰＣＢやダイオキシンを無害化するため
には、反応容器１２内の温度と圧力がそれぞれ４００℃
〜７５０℃、３００ｋｇ／ｃｍ２〜５００ｋｇ／ｃｍ２
（図４のハッチング領域）において反応させると良い。
この場合９９．７％まで無害化される。スイッチ５６を
投入すると、高圧タンク４２内の酸素量部が増えるた
め、反応がさらに促進される。なお、反応容器内に塩素
や硫酸が残留する場合は、中和剤としてＮａＯＨ等の水
酸化アルカリまたは炭酸塩等のアルカリ溶液を中和剤タ
ンク３５から加えると良い。In FIG. 2, a switch 56 and a DC power supply 58 are connected between a neutral point 52d of the power supply 52 and the high-pressure tank 42. At this time, since the arc discharge electrode is on the + side, oxygen O 2 as a reaction accelerator can be generated in the tank 42. The power source 52 supplies 90 V at no load, 30 V under load, and the electrode diameter is 26φ, and supplies an AC voltage to the arc discharge electrode.
2 and 3, a plurality of arcs A are generated between the electrodes. Because these arcs are about 5000 ° C and the center reaches about 12000 ° C, the high temperature of the arc instantaneously turns water into steam and partly decomposes into oxygen and hydrogen. Occur until. Therefore, due to the high temperature caused by the arc and the high temperature caused by the reaction between oxygen and hydrogen, the high-pressure tank 42 is in a supercritical state shown in FIG. 4 (critical temperature: 374 ° C., critical pressure: 218 kg / cm).
2 ) is reached. In order to make PCBs and dioxins harmless, the temperature and pressure in the reaction vessel 12 are each 400 ° C.
７750 ° C., 300 kg / cm 2 ５００500 kg / cm 2
(The hatched area in FIG. 4) is preferable.
In this case, it is rendered harmless up to 99.7%. When the switch 56 is turned on, the amount of oxygen in the high-pressure tank 42 increases, so that the reaction is further promoted. When chlorine or sulfuric acid remains in the reaction vessel, an alkali solution such as an alkali hydroxide such as NaOH or a carbonate may be added from the neutralizer tank 35 as a neutralizer.
【００１３】図１に戻って、反応容器１２のアウトレッ
ト１２ａはロータリ・フィーダ６０、６２を含む取出経
路６４を介してセパレータ６６に接続されている。ロー
タリ・フィーダ６０、６２間には発電プラント６７の一
部を構成する熱交換器６８が配置される。取出経路６４
には冷却器７０が設置され、処理済み反応材は冷却され
た後、セパレータ６６に圧送される。セパレータ６６は
固形物混合液体とガスを分離するもので、ガスは流量制
御弁７２を介して排出される。流量制御弁７２は圧力調
整弁７４により制御される。セパレータ６６の水分はフ
ィルター６６ａでろ過されて水貯蔵タンク６７に供給さ
れ、タンク６７の水は底部より定期的に排出される。符
号６７ａは空気抜き部を示す。セパレータ６６の底部か
らは固形物がアウトレット６６ｂからロータリ・フィー
ダ７６を介して回収タンク７８に回収される。Returning to FIG. 1, the outlet 12a of the reaction vessel 12 is connected to a separator 66 via an outlet path 64 including rotary feeders 60 and 62. Between the rotary feeders 60 and 62, a heat exchanger 68 constituting a part of a power plant 67 is arranged. Extraction route 64
Is provided with a cooler 70, and after the treated reactant is cooled, it is pressure-fed to the separator 66. The separator 66 separates the solid mixed liquid and the gas, and the gas is discharged through the flow control valve 72. The flow control valve 72 is controlled by a pressure regulating valve 74. The water in the separator 66 is filtered by a filter 66a and supplied to a water storage tank 67, and the water in the tank 67 is periodically discharged from the bottom. Reference numeral 67a indicates an air vent. From the bottom of the separator 66, the solid matter is collected from the outlet 66b to the collection tank 78 via the rotary feeder 76.
【００１４】図５において、発電プラント６７は８０〜
９０％のメチルアルコールと１０〜２０％のアンモニア
との混合液からなり沸点５０℃の作動媒体を封入したク
ローズド・システム８０を備える、クローズド・システ
ム８０内にはコンプレッサ８２、熱交換器６８、タービ
ン８４、凝縮器８６、膨張弁８８および蒸発器９０が配
置される。コンプレッサ８２およびタービン８４は出力
軸９２により支持され、出力軸９２は減速機９４を介し
て発電機９６を駆動する。図１において、熱交換器６８
は作動媒体を３００〜３５０℃まで加熱して約２００気
圧の動力ガスを発生する。図５において、動力ガスはタ
ービン８４を駆動し、タービン排気は凝縮器８６で凝縮
され、凝縮液は膨張弁８８で減圧され、蒸発器９０で−
２０℃において蒸気となる。この蒸気はコンプレッサ８
２で圧縮されて熱交換器６８に供給され、同一サイクル
が繰り返される。In FIG. 5, the power generation plant 67 has
The closed system 80 comprises a mixture of 90% of methyl alcohol and 10 to 20% of ammonia and contains a working medium having a boiling point of 50 ° C. The closed system 80 includes a compressor 82, a heat exchanger 68, and a turbine. 84, a condenser 86, an expansion valve 88 and an evaporator 90 are arranged. The compressor 82 and the turbine 84 are supported by an output shaft 92, which drives a generator 96 via a speed reducer 94. In FIG. 1, the heat exchanger 68
Heats the working medium to 300-350 ° C. to generate a power gas of about 200 atm. In FIG. 5, the power gas drives a turbine 84, the turbine exhaust is condensed in a condenser 86, the condensate is decompressed by an expansion valve 88, and
Evaporates at 20 ° C. This steam is supplied to the compressor 8
2 and supplied to the heat exchanger 68, and the same cycle is repeated.
【００１５】図１において、制御装置１００には反応容
器の温度および圧力情報が温度センサＴおよび圧力セン
サＰから供給され、これら情報に応じてロータリ・フィ
ーダ３４、３８、６０、６２、７６の回転速度を被処理
剤が反応容器１２内で少なくとも５秒間の反応時間を得
るような速度で制御するとともに、スイッチ５６のＯＮ
／ＯＦＦを制御する。被処理剤の種類または形態によっ
て反応時間は望ましくは１０秒以上選択しても良い。In FIG. 1, temperature and pressure information of a reaction vessel is supplied to a control device 100 from a temperature sensor T and a pressure sensor P, and rotation of the rotary feeders 34, 38, 60, 62 and 76 is performed in accordance with the information. The speed is controlled so that the agent to be treated obtains a reaction time of at least 5 seconds in the reaction vessel 12, and the switch 56 is turned on.
/ OFF is controlled. The reaction time may be desirably 10 seconds or more depending on the type or form of the agent to be treated.
【００１６】上記構成において、ダイオキシン汚染材Ｒ
はロータリ・フィーダ３８によって材料供給シリンダ３
６に送られ、ここで加圧されながらロータリ・フィーダ
３４を介して反応容器１２に圧送される。反応容器１２
内で反応材は撹拌部材２４で撹拌されて伝熱が促進され
ながら予熱ゾーン３２を通過する。このとき、予熱ゾー
ン３２は温度が４００℃で圧力が３００ｋｇ・ｃｍ２の
超臨界状態に維持されているため、反応材に含まれる有
害物質は一部反応を開始する。予熱された反応材は反応
容器１２のテーパ底部１８ａの反応ゾーン３０に到達
し、ここでロータ部材２６の剪断作用により微粒化され
反応が促進される。このとき、高圧タンク４２から供給
される酸素Ｏ２がリッチな超臨界水は環状スペース２０
の開口部２０ａから高温高圧で反応ゾーン３０に噴出し
て微粒化された反応材と接触しながら酸化反応により反
応材を無害化する。処理済み反応材は取出経路６４に吐
出される。このとき、ロータリ・フィーダ６０、６２間
の熱交換器６８により、クローズド・システム８０の作
動媒体の蒸気は約２００気圧まで昇圧されて発電プラン
ト６７は発電を行う。この発電は三相交流電源５２に利
用することができる。次に、処理済反応材は冷却器７０
で水の沸点（１００℃）以下まで冷却されてセパレータ
６６に送られ、固形物はロータリ・フィーダ７６を介し
て回収タンク７８に送られる。一方、フィルター６６ａ
を通過した水はタンク６７から定期的に排出される。廃
棄物がＰＣＢで汚染された土壌等の場合は反応容器１２
内に中和剤として炭酸ナトリウムＮａ２ＣＯ３もしくは
重炭酸ナトリウムＮａＨＣＯ３等の炭酸塩を混合するこ
とによりＰＣＢを無害化処理できる。In the above configuration, the dioxin contaminant R
Is the material supply cylinder 3 by the rotary feeder 38.
6 while being pressurized, and then sent to the reaction vessel 12 via the rotary feeder 34. Reaction vessel 12
Inside, the reaction material passes through the preheating zone 32 while being agitated by the agitating member 24 to promote heat transfer. At this time, since the preheating zone 32 is maintained in a supercritical state at a temperature of 400 ° C. and a pressure of 300 kg · cm 2 , some of the harmful substances contained in the reaction material start to react. The preheated reaction material reaches the reaction zone 30 at the tapered bottom portion 18a of the reaction vessel 12, where it is atomized by the shearing action of the rotor member 26 to promote the reaction. At this time, the supercritical water rich in oxygen O 2 supplied from the high-pressure tank 42 is supplied to the annular space 20.
The reaction material is harmless by an oxidation reaction while being in contact with atomized reaction material by jetting into the reaction zone 30 at a high temperature and a high pressure from the opening 20a. The processed reaction material is discharged to the removal path 64. At this time, the heat of the working medium of the closed system 80 is increased to about 200 atm by the heat exchanger 68 between the rotary feeders 60 and 62, and the power plant 67 generates power. This power generation can be used for the three-phase AC power supply 52. Next, the treated reactant is supplied to the cooler 70.
Is cooled to a temperature not higher than the boiling point of water (100 ° C.) and sent to the separator 66, and the solid matter is sent to the collection tank 78 via the rotary feeder 76. On the other hand, the filter 66a
Is passed from the tank 67 periodically. If the waste is soil or the like contaminated with PCB, the reaction vessel 12
By mixing a carbonate such as sodium carbonate Na 2 CO 3 or sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 as a neutralizing agent, the PCB can be detoxified.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の効果】以上説明した本発明によれば、高温高圧
反応容器と超臨界流体発生器を独立して設け、反応容器
による反応効率を高める構造とし、反応容器には有害物
質反応材のみを供給してこれに超臨界水を接触させるよ
うにしたため、有害物の無害化処理を低ランニングコス
トで連続的に、しかも工業的規模で行うことが可能とな
る。しかも、反応材の廃熱を利用して効率的な発電を可
能とし、この電力を超臨界流体発生器に利用できるよう
にしたので、ランニングコストをさらに低下することが
でき、全体的な効率アップが期待される。According to the present invention described above, a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction vessel and a supercritical fluid generator are independently provided to increase the reaction efficiency of the reaction vessel, and only the harmful substance reactant is contained in the reaction vessel. Since it is supplied and supercritical water is brought into contact therewith, the detoxification of harmful substances can be performed continuously at a low running cost and on an industrial scale. In addition, efficient power generation is enabled by using the waste heat of the reaction material, and this power can be used for the supercritical fluid generator, further reducing running costs and improving overall efficiency. There is expected.
【図１】本発明の望ましい実施例による有害物質無害化
処理装置の概略図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for detoxifying harmful substances according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】図１の超臨界流体発生器の一部断面図を示す。FIG. 2 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the supercritical fluid generator of FIG.
【図３】図２のＩＩＩ−ＩＩＩ線の断面図を示す。FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 2;
【図４】図４は超臨界流体の特性を示すグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing characteristics of a supercritical fluid.
【図５】図５は図１の発電プラントの１例を示すブロッ
ク図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of the power plant of FIG.
１２ 高温高圧反応容器 １４ 超臨界
流体発生器 ３２ 予熱ゾーン ３０ 反応ゾ
ーン ３６ 材料供給シリンダ ５０ アーク
放電電極 ５２ 三相交流電源 ６６ セパレ
ータ・タンク ６７ 発電プラント ６８ 熱交換
器 ７０ 冷却器DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 High-temperature high-pressure reactor 14 Supercritical fluid generator 32 Preheating zone 30 Reaction zone 36 Material supply cylinder 50 Arc discharge electrode 52 Three-phase AC power supply 66 Separator tank 67 Power generation plant 68 Heat exchanger 70 Cooler
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 ＦＩ Ｃ０２Ｆ 11/06 Ｂ０９Ｂ 3/00 ３０３Ｐ ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code FI C02F 11/06 B09B 3/00 303P
Claims (9)
応ゾーンを有する高温高圧反応容器と、予熱ゾーンを加
熱しながら超臨界流体と酸化剤との超臨界複合流体を反
応容器に供給する超臨界複合流体発生器と、予熱ゾーン
に有害物質反応材を供給する材料供給手段と、予熱ゾー
ンに中和剤を供給する手段と、予熱ゾーンに配置されて
いて、有害物質反応材を撹拌しながら有害物質反応材の
予熱を促進する撹拌手段と、予熱ゾーンの下部に配置さ
れていて反応容器の底部との間に反応ゾーンを形成して
いて撹拌された反応材を反応ゾーン内で微粒化するロー
タ部材と、処理済み材料を反応容器から連続的に吐出さ
せる取出経路とを備え、インナーウォールが超臨界流体
発生器から供給される超臨界流体を反応ゾーンに導入す
るための開口部を有する有害物質無害化処理装置。1. A high-temperature and high-pressure reactor having an inner wall having a preheating zone and a reaction zone, and a supercritical composite fluid supplying a supercritical fluid of a supercritical fluid and an oxidizing agent to the reactor while heating the preheating zone. A generator, a material supply means for supplying a harmful substance reactant to the preheating zone, a means for supplying a neutralizing agent to the preheating zone, and a harmful substance reaction arranged in the preheating zone while stirring the harmful substance reaction material. Stirring means for accelerating the preheating of the material, and a rotor member disposed below the preheating zone and forming a reaction zone between the bottom of the reaction vessel and atomizing the stirred reaction material in the reaction zone; A discharge path for continuously discharging the treated material from the reaction vessel, and an inner wall having an opening for introducing a supercritical fluid supplied from the supercritical fluid generator into the reaction zone. Toxic substances detoxification apparatus.
アクシャル細孔を備え、細孔を通じて超臨界流体が予熱
ゾーン内に供給される有害物質無害化処理装置。2. The harmless substance detoxifying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotor member has an axial hole in a central portion, and the supercritical fluid is supplied into the preheating zone through the hole.
生器が高圧タンクと、その中に配置されたアーク放電手
段とを備えた有害物質無害化処理装置。3. The harmful substance detoxifying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the supercritical fluid generator includes a high-pressure tank and arc discharge means disposed therein.
らなり、アーク放電手段と高圧タンクとの間に直流電源
を接続することにより高圧タンク内で反応促進剤として
の酸素を生成する有害物質無害化処理装置。4. A harmful substance according to claim 3, wherein the high-pressure tank is made of a conductive material, and a dc power source is connected between the arc discharge means and the high-pressure tank to generate oxygen as a reaction accelerator in the high-pressure tank. Detoxification equipment.
置された熱交換器と熱交換器に接続された発電プラント
とを備え、発電プラントが作動媒体を封入したクローズ
ドシステムと、クローズドシステムに配置されていて作
動媒体を蒸気に変換するエバポレータと、蒸気を圧縮す
るコンプレッサーと、動力ガスにより駆動されるタービ
ンと、タービンにより駆動される発電機と、タービンの
廃気を凝縮してエバポレータに送るコンデンサとを備
え、熱交換器がコンプレッサーとタービンとの間に配置
されていて取出経路の処理済み反応材の廃熱により蒸気
を加熱して動力ガスを生成する有害物質無害化処理装
置。5. The closed system according to claim 1, further comprising: a heat exchanger disposed on an extraction path; and a power plant connected to the heat exchanger, wherein the power plant has a closed system in which a working medium is sealed, and a closed system. An evaporator that is arranged and converts the working medium into steam, a compressor that compresses the steam, a turbine that is driven by a power gas, a generator that is driven by the turbine, and condenses turbine waste gas and sends it to the evaporator A harmful substance detoxification apparatus comprising a condenser, wherein a heat exchanger is disposed between the compressor and the turbine, and the steam is heated by the waste heat of the processed reaction material in the extraction path to generate power gas.
０〜９０％のメチルアルコールと１０〜２０％のアンモ
ニアの混合液からなる有害物質無害化処理装置。6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the working medium has a volume ratio of 8%.
A harmful substance detoxification treatment apparatus comprising a mixture of 0 to 90% methyl alcohol and 10 to 20% ammonia.
内側に水を収納している高圧タンクと高圧タンク内に配
置されて超臨界流体を反応ゾーンに供給するアーク放電
手段とを有する超臨界流体発生器と、反応容器に有害物
質反応材を供給するための材料供給手段と、処理済み反
応材を連続的に吐出させる取出経路とを備え、アーク放
電手段が電源と、電源に接続されていて水中で複数のア
ーク放電を発生することにより高圧タンク内で超臨界状
態を生成するアーク放電電極郡とを備える有害物質無害
化処理装置。7. A high temperature and high pressure reaction vessel having a reaction zone,
A supercritical fluid generator having a high-pressure tank containing water therein and an arc discharge means disposed in the high-pressure tank and supplying a supercritical fluid to the reaction zone; and supplying a harmful substance reactant to the reaction vessel. And a discharge path for continuously discharging the treated reactant. An arc discharge means is connected to the power supply and generates a plurality of arc discharges in water by connecting the power supply to the inside of the high-pressure tank. And an arc discharge electrode group for generating a supercritical state in the apparatus.
らなり、超臨界流体発生器がさらに直流電源を備え、直
流電源の一端が高圧タンクに接続され、その他端がアー
ク放電電極郡の中性点に接続されることにより高圧タン
ク内で酸素を発生させる有害物質無害化処理装置。8. The high-pressure tank according to claim 7, wherein the high-pressure tank is made of a conductive material, the supercritical fluid generator further includes a DC power supply, one end of the DC power supply is connected to the high-pressure tank, and the other end is connected to the arc discharge electrode group. Hazardous substance detoxification equipment that generates oxygen in a high-pressure tank when connected to a natural point.
置された熱交換器と、熱交換器に接続された発電プラン
トを備え、発電プラントが沸点約５０℃のメチルアルコ
ールとアンモニアとの混合液からなる作動媒体を封入し
たクローズドシステムと、クローズドシステムに配置さ
れていて作動媒体を蒸気に変換するエバポレータと、動
力ガスにより駆動されるタービンと、タービンにより駆
動される発電機と、タービン廃気を凝縮してエバポレー
タに送るコンデンサとを備え、熱交換器が取出経路の処
理済み反応材の廃熱により蒸気を加熱して動力ガスを生
成する有害物質無害化処理装置。9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising a heat exchanger disposed in the extraction path, and a power plant connected to the heat exchanger, wherein the power plant is a mixture of methyl alcohol and ammonia having a boiling point of about 50 ° C. A closed system in which a working medium made of a liquid is sealed, an evaporator arranged in the closed system to convert the working medium into steam, a turbine driven by a power gas, a generator driven by the turbine, and turbine exhaust A condenser for condensing and sending the condensed water to an evaporator, wherein the heat exchanger heats the steam by the waste heat of the processed reaction material in the extraction path to generate power gas, thereby producing a harmful substance detoxification treatment apparatus.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10112616A JPH11267611A (en) | 1998-03-20 | 1998-03-20 | Equipment for detoxification treatment of toxic substance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10112616A JPH11267611A (en) | 1998-03-20 | 1998-03-20 | Equipment for detoxification treatment of toxic substance |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11267611A true JPH11267611A (en) | 1999-10-05 |
Family
ID=14591204
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10112616A Pending JPH11267611A (en) | 1998-03-20 | 1998-03-20 | Equipment for detoxification treatment of toxic substance |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH11267611A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108326027A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-27 | 共同科技开发有限公司 | A kind of soil sanitation device of getting dirty using double purified mode |
-
1998
- 1998-03-20 JP JP10112616A patent/JPH11267611A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108326027A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-27 | 共同科技开发有限公司 | A kind of soil sanitation device of getting dirty using double purified mode |
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