JPH11202924A - Method and device for acceleration and deceleration control over feed shaft in numerical control - Google Patents

Method and device for acceleration and deceleration control over feed shaft in numerical control

Info

Publication number
JPH11202924A
JPH11202924A JP557598A JP557598A JPH11202924A JP H11202924 A JPH11202924 A JP H11202924A JP 557598 A JP557598 A JP 557598A JP 557598 A JP557598 A JP 557598A JP H11202924 A JPH11202924 A JP H11202924A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
acceleration
time
feed
deceleration
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP557598A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3403628B2 (en
Inventor
Kenji Yamamori
健治 山森
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Makino Milling Machine Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Makino Milling Machine Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Makino Milling Machine Co Ltd filed Critical Makino Milling Machine Co Ltd
Priority to JP00557598A priority Critical patent/JP3403628B2/en
Publication of JPH11202924A publication Critical patent/JPH11202924A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3403628B2 publication Critical patent/JP3403628B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the total machining efficiency of a work by effectively utilizing the torque of a servo motor which drives the feed shaft and shortening the time needed for positioning. SOLUTION: This device, when receiving a positioning command from an NC device 1, is equipped with a setting means 21b which sets the time of an acceleration gradual increase area at the start of an increase in feed speed with gradually increased acceleration shorter than the time of an acceleration gradual decrease area at the end of an increase in the feed speed with gradually decreased acceleration, sets equal acceleration between the acceleration gradual increase area at the start of the acceleration and the acceleration gradual decrease area at the end of the acceleration, and sets the time of an acceleration gradual decrease area at the end of deceleration where the feed is stopped while the absolute value of the acceleration of the feed speed is gradually decreased shorter than the time of an acceleration gradual increase area at the start of deceleration where the feed is reduced in speed while the absolute value of the acceleration is gradually increased.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は数値制御における送
り軸加減速制御方法および装置に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling feed axis acceleration / deceleration in numerical control.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】一般に、工作機械の送り軸を位置決めす
る数値制御(NC)装置は、ワークを加工するためのN
Cプログラムを読取り、NCプログラムから早送りの位
置決めの記述文が読取られると、予めパラメータに設定
された送り速度で送り軸を目標位置へ移動するためのブ
ロック指令をサーボ機構へ送る。サーボ機構は、送り軸
を駆動するサーボモータとその駆動装置とからなり、N
C装置から送られたブロック指令に応じて送り軸を駆動
制御する。送り軸の速度と位置は、サーボモータに備え
られた送り軸の速度検出器と位置検出器とから検出さ
れ、駆動装置は、これら速度と位置の検出信号を受けて
速度制御と位置決め制御とを行っている。
2. Description of the Related Art In general, a numerical control (NC) device for positioning a feed shaft of a machine tool is an N.C.
When the C program is read and the description of fast-forward positioning is read from the NC program, a block command for moving the feed axis to the target position at a feed speed set in advance in the parameters is sent to the servo mechanism. The servo mechanism is composed of a servomotor for driving the feed shaft and its driving device.
The drive of the feed axis is controlled in accordance with the block command sent from the C device. The speed and position of the feed shaft are detected from a speed detector and a position detector of the feed shaft provided in the servomotor, and the drive device receives these speed and position detection signals and performs speed control and positioning control. Is going.

【0003】機械系への衝撃を防止するため、従来から
数値制御装置の送り速度制御方法は、NC装置から上記
ブロック指令を受けて予めパラメータに設定された送り
速度で送り軸を目標位置に位置決めする際、送り軸を予
めパラメータに設定された送り速度へ加速するときは、
その加速開始時および加速終了時に送り速度を同一時間
だけ漸増し、送り軸を指定された送り速度へ減速すると
きは、その減速開始時および減速終了時に送り速度を同
一時間だけ漸減する制御を行っている。
Conventionally, in order to prevent impact on the mechanical system, a feed rate control method of a numerical control device has been described in which a feed shaft is positioned at a target position at a feed speed set in advance by receiving the above block command from an NC device. When accelerating the feed axis to the feed speed set in advance in the parameter,
At the start and end of the acceleration, the feed speed is gradually increased by the same time, and when the feed axis is decelerated to the specified feed speed, the feed speed is gradually reduced by the same time at the start and the end of the deceleration. ing.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、前述の
従来の数値制御装置の送り速度制御方法は、サーボモー
タの低中速回転領域の出力トルクと比べて高速回転領域
の出力トルクは低く(図2参照)、この低い出力トルク
に基づいて上記同一時間の設定を行っている。上記数値
制御装置の送り速度制御方法における位置決め開始時お
よび終了時の送り速度とサーボモータの出力トルクとの
関係を図を用いて以下に説明する。
However, in the above-mentioned conventional feed rate control method of the numerical controller, the output torque of the servo motor in the high-speed rotation region is lower than that in the low-medium-speed rotation region (see FIG. 2). ), The same time is set based on the low output torque. The relationship between the feed speed at the start and end of positioning and the output torque of the servomotor in the feed speed control method of the numerical controller will be described below with reference to the drawings.

【0005】図6は従来技術による位置決め開始時の送
り速度とサーボモータの出力トルクとの関係を示す図で
ある。送り速度は、時間T1'では加速度が徐々に増加さ
れつつ増加され、時間T2'では一定加速度で徐々に増加
され、時間T3'では加速度が徐々に減少されつつ増加さ
れることが示されている。サーボモータの出力トルク
は、時間T1'ではサーボモータの回転速度の領域が低速
回転であるので回転速度の増加に伴い最大出力トルクT
mまで直線的に増加し、時間T2'では最大出力トルクT
mの出力を維持し、時間T3'ではサーボモータの回転速
度の領域が高速回転であるので回転速度の増加に伴い負
荷に応じた出力トルクTlまで直線的に減少することが
示されている。従来の送り速度制御方法では、時間T1'
と時間T3'とは等しい時間に設定されている。
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the feed speed at the start of positioning and the output torque of the servomotor according to the prior art. It is shown that the feed rate is gradually increased at time T 1 ′, the acceleration is gradually increased at a constant acceleration at time T 2 ′, and the acceleration is gradually reduced at time T 3 ′. Have been. At time T 1 ′, the output torque of the servomotor is the maximum output torque T
m, and at time T 2 ′, the maximum output torque T
It is shown that at time T 3 ′, the output torque Tl according to the load decreases linearly with the increase in rotation speed because the rotation speed region of the servo motor is at high speed at time T 3 ′. . In the conventional feed rate control method, the time T 1
And the time T 3 ′ are set to the same time.

【0006】図7は従来技術による位置決め終了時の送
り速度とサーボモータの出力トルクとの関係を示す図で
ある。送り速度は、時間T4'では加速度の絶対値が徐々
にマイナス方向へ増加されつつ減少され、時間T5'では
一定加速度で徐々に減少され、時間T6'では加速度の絶
対値が徐々にマイナス方向へ減少されつつ減少されるこ
とが示されている。サーボモータの出力トルクは、時間
4'ではサーボモータの回転速度の領域が高速回転であ
るので回転速度の減少に伴い負荷に応じた負の出力トル
ク−Tlから負の最大出力トルク−Tmまで直線的にそ
の絶対値が増加し、時間T5 ′では負の最大出力トルク
−Tmの出力を維持し、時間T6'ではサーボモータの回
転速度の領域が低速回転であるので回転速度の減少に伴
い停止するまで直線的に減少することが示されている。
従来の送り速度制御方法では、時間T4'と時間T6'とは
等しい時間に設定されている。
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the feed speed at the end of positioning according to the prior art and the output torque of the servomotor. The feed rate is decreased while the absolute value of the acceleration is gradually increased in the negative direction at time T 4 ′, is gradually decreased at a constant acceleration at time T 5 ′, and is gradually decreased at time T 6 ′. It is shown to decrease while decreasing in the negative direction. At time T 4 ′, the output torque of the servomotor ranges from a negative output torque −T1 according to the load to a negative maximum output torque −Tm according to the load as the rotation speed decreases because the rotation speed region of the servomotor is high speed. The absolute value increases linearly, and at time T 5 ′, the output of the negative maximum output torque −Tm is maintained. At time T 6 ′, the rotation speed decreases because the servo motor rotation speed region is low speed rotation. It shows that it decreases linearly until it stops.
In the conventional feed speed control method, the time T 4 ′ and the time T 6 ′ are set to be equal.

【0007】上述したように、従来の送り速度制御方法
は、送り軸を駆動するサーボモータの出力トルク特性を
全回転速度領域に渡っては有効に利用しておらず、低中
速回転領域において位置決めに余分な時間を費やしてい
るという問題がある。それゆえ、本発明は上記問題を解
決し、送り軸を駆動するサーボモータの出力トルク特性
を全回転速度領域に渡って有効に利用することで、位置
決めや補間に余分な時間を費やすことのない、ワークの
加工開始から終了までのトータルの加工能率を向上させ
る数値制御における送り軸加減速制御方法および装置を
提供することを目的とする。
As described above, the conventional feed speed control method does not effectively utilize the output torque characteristics of the servomotor driving the feed shaft over the entire rotation speed range, and does not use the output torque characteristics in the low to medium speed rotation range. There is a problem that extra time is spent for positioning. Therefore, the present invention solves the above-described problem, and effectively uses the output torque characteristics of the servomotor that drives the feed shaft over the entire rotation speed range, so that no extra time is spent for positioning and interpolation. It is another object of the present invention to provide a feed shaft acceleration / deceleration control method and apparatus in numerical control for improving the total machining efficiency from the start to the end of machining of a workpiece.

【0008】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記問題を解決する本発
明による数値制御における送り軸加減速制御方法は、サ
ーボモータで駆動される送り軸を位置決め指令に応じて
加減速する数値制御における送り軸の加減速制御方法に
おいて、NCプログラムに応じて前記送り軸の位置決め
指令を受けた際、前記送り速度の加速度を徐々に増加し
つつ加速する加速開始時の加速度漸増域の時間を該送り
速度の加速度を徐々に減少しつつ加速する加速終了時の
加速度漸減域の時間より短く設定し、前記加速開始時の
加速度漸増域と前記加速終了時の加速度漸減域との間は
一定の加速度で加速し、前記送り速度の加速度の絶対値
を徐々に減少しつつ停止する減速終了時の加速度漸減域
の時間を該送り速度の加速度の絶対値を徐々に増加しつ
つ減速する減速開始時の加速度漸増域の時間より短く設
定し、前記減速開始時の加速度漸増域と前記減速終了時
の加速度漸減域との間は一定の加速度で減速する、こと
を特徴とする。
According to the present invention, there is provided a feed axis acceleration / deceleration control method in numerical control according to the present invention, which comprises: a feed axis in numerical control for accelerating / decelerating a feed axis driven by a servomotor in accordance with a positioning command; In the acceleration / deceleration control method of the above, when a positioning command for the feed axis is received in accordance with the NC program, the time of the acceleration gradually increasing region at the start of acceleration in which the acceleration of the feed speed is gradually increased and accelerated is set to the time of the feed speed. The acceleration is gradually reduced and set to be shorter than the time of the acceleration gradually decreasing region at the end of acceleration, and acceleration is performed at a constant acceleration between the acceleration gradually increasing region at the start of acceleration and the acceleration gradually decreasing region at the end of acceleration. The deceleration opening in which the absolute value of the acceleration of the feed speed gradually decelerates while the absolute value of the acceleration of the feed speed gradually increases while the absolute value of the acceleration of the feed speed gradually decreases while the absolute value of the acceleration of the feed speed gradually decreases. Set shorter than the time of the acceleration increasing range of time, between the acceleration decreasing region of the end of deceleration when the acceleration increasing zone during said deceleration start decelerates at a constant acceleration, characterized in that.

【0009】上記問題を解決する本発明による数値制御
における送り軸加減速制御装置は、サーボモータで駆動
される送り軸を位置決め指令に応じて加減速する数値制
御における送り軸の加減速制御装置において、NCプロ
グラムに応じて前記送り軸の位置決め指令を受ける受信
手段と、前記送り速度の加速度を徐々に増加しつつ加速
する加速開始時の加速度漸増域の時間と、該送り速度の
加速度を徐々に減少しつつ加速する加速終了時の加速度
漸減域の時間と、前記加速開始時の加速度漸増域と前記
加速終了時の加速度漸減域との間の一定加速度で加速す
る時間と、前記送り速度の加速度の絶対値を徐々に増加
しつつ減速する減速開始時の加速度漸増域の時間と、該
送り速度の加速度の絶対値を徐々に減少しつつ停止する
減速終了時の加速度漸減域の時間と、前記減速開始時の
加速度漸増域と前記減速終了時の加速度漸減域との間の
一定加速度で減速する時間とをそれぞれ独立に設定可能
な設定手段と、を具備することを特徴とする。
A feed axis acceleration / deceleration control device for numerical control according to the present invention which solves the above-mentioned problem is a feed axis acceleration / deceleration control device for numerical control for accelerating / decelerating a feed axis driven by a servomotor in accordance with a positioning command. Receiving means for receiving the feed axis positioning command according to the NC program; time of an acceleration gradually increasing region at the start of acceleration in which the acceleration of the feed speed is gradually increased; and acceleration of the feed speed is gradually increased. The time of the acceleration gradually decreasing region at the end of acceleration to accelerate while decreasing, the time of accelerating at a constant acceleration between the acceleration gradually increasing region at the start of acceleration and the acceleration gradually decreasing region at the end of acceleration, and the acceleration of the feed speed Of the acceleration gradually increasing region at the start of deceleration in which the absolute value of the feed speed is gradually increased and deceleration, and the acceleration at the end of deceleration in which the absolute value of the acceleration of the feed speed is gradually reduced and stopped. Setting means capable of independently setting the time of the gradually decreasing area and the time of deceleration at a constant acceleration between the acceleration gradually increasing area at the start of the deceleration and the acceleration gradually decreasing area at the end of the deceleration. Features.

【0010】本発明の数値制御における送り軸の加減速
制御方法および装置は、加速開始時の加速度漸増域の所
要時間を加速終了時の加速度漸減域の所要時間より短く
設定し、減速終了時の加速度漸減域の所要時間を減速開
始時の加速度漸増域の所要時間より短く設定することに
より、送り軸を駆動するサーボモータの出力トルク特性
を全回転速度領域に渡って有効に利用し、送り軸の位置
決めに要する時間を短縮する。
According to the method and the apparatus for controlling the acceleration / deceleration of the feed shaft in the numerical control of the present invention, the required time of the gradually increasing acceleration region at the start of acceleration is set shorter than the required time of the gradually decreasing acceleration region at the end of acceleration. By setting the required time of the acceleration gradual decrease area shorter than the required time of the acceleration gradual increase area at the start of deceleration, the output torque characteristics of the servo motor that drives the feed axis can be effectively used over the entire rotation speed area, and the feed axis can be effectively used. To reduce the time required for positioning.

【0011】[0011]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、添付図面を参照しつつ本発
明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。図1は本発明による数
値制御における送り軸加減速制御装置の一実施形態を示
す図である。図1に示す数値制御装置(NC装置)1
は、マイクロプロセッサ(CPU)10と、CPU10
にバスライン11を介して双方向に通信可能に接続され
たROM12、RAM13、バックアップRAM(B.
RAM)14、グラフィク制御回路15、CRT16お
よびキーボード17とからなる。CPU10は、NC装
置1全体を制御する中央処理装置であり、ROM12は
NC装置1全体を制御するために必要なプログラムを格
納した読取り専用のメモリであり、RAM13は工作機
械における各送り軸の現在位置等のデータを格納する読
み書き自在なメモリであり、B.RAM14はNC装置
1の電源が遮断されてもバッテリでバックアップされる
加工プログラム14aやパラメータ等を格納する読み書
き自在なメモリである。グラフィック制御回路15はR
AM13に格納された各送り軸の現在位置、移動量等の
データをCRT16へ表示するための処理を行うもので
ある。キーボード17はオペレータが各種データを入力
したり各種パラメータを変更したりするために使用する
入力装置である。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a feed shaft acceleration / deceleration control device in numerical control according to the present invention. Numerical control device (NC device) 1 shown in FIG.
Are a microprocessor (CPU) 10 and a CPU 10
, A RAM 13, and a backup RAM (B.
RAM) 14, a graphic control circuit 15, a CRT 16, and a keyboard 17. The CPU 10 is a central processing unit for controlling the entire NC device 1, the ROM 12 is a read-only memory storing a program necessary for controlling the entire NC device 1, and the RAM 13 is a read only memory for each feed axis of the machine tool. It is a readable and writable memory for storing data such as positions. The RAM 14 is a readable and writable memory that stores the machining program 14a, parameters, and the like that are backed up by a battery even when the power of the NC apparatus 1 is cut off. The graphic control circuit 15 uses R
The processing for displaying the data such as the current position and the moving amount of each feed axis stored in the AM 13 on the CRT 16 is performed. The keyboard 17 is an input device used by an operator to input various data and change various parameters.

【0012】NC装置1は、図1において破線20で囲
まれるサーボ機構とバスライン11を介して接続され
る。サーボ機構20は、主として軸制御回路21、サー
ボアンプ22、サーボモータ23および位置速度検出器
24からなる。サーボアンプ22は、軸制御回路21を
介してNC装置1から受ける位置決め指令に応じて、サ
ーボモータ23に取り付けられた例えばエンコーダから
なる位置速度検出器24から送り軸の現在位置を示す位
置フィードバック信号を受けて送り軸の位置決め制御を
行うとともに、軸制御回路21を介してNC装置1から
受ける送り速度の指令に応じて、位置フィードバック信
号から算出したサーボモータ23の速度フィードバック
信号を受けてサーボモータ23の速度制御を行う。軸制
御回路21は、受信手段21aと設定手段21bとを備
えるが、これらについては後述する。なお、便宜上図1
においてサーボ機構20の構成を送り軸1つに対しての
み示すが、実際の工作機械では同様な構成が複数の送り
軸に対応して設けられる。
The NC device 1 is connected to a servo mechanism surrounded by a broken line 20 in FIG. The servo mechanism 20 mainly includes an axis control circuit 21, a servo amplifier 22, a servomotor 23, and a position / speed detector 24. In response to a positioning command received from the NC device 1 via the axis control circuit 21, the servo amplifier 22 receives a position feedback signal indicating the current position of the feed axis from a position / speed detector 24, which is, for example, an encoder attached to the servo motor 23. In response to the feed speed command received from the NC device 1 via the axis control circuit 21, the servo motor 23 receives the speed feedback signal of the servo motor 23 calculated from the position feedback signal. 23 is performed. The axis control circuit 21 includes a receiving unit 21a and a setting unit 21b, which will be described later. For convenience, FIG.
, The configuration of the servo mechanism 20 is shown for only one feed shaft, but in an actual machine tool, a similar configuration is provided for a plurality of feed shafts.

【0013】次に、本発明による加減速制御について説
明するが、その前に送り軸を駆動するサーボモータの回
転速度−トルク特性および位置決め時における送り軸の
移動速度の変化について説明する。図2はサーボモータ
の回転速度−トルク特性を示す図である。図2において
横軸はサーボモータの回転速度(RPM)、縦軸はサー
ボモータの最大出力トルク(Nm)を示す。この特性デ
ータはRAM13に格納される。
Next, before describing the acceleration / deceleration control according to the present invention, the rotation speed-torque characteristics of the servomotor for driving the feed shaft and the change in the moving speed of the feed shaft during positioning will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotational speed and the torque of the servomotor. In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis represents the rotation speed (RPM) of the servo motor, and the vertical axis represents the maximum output torque (Nm) of the servo motor. This characteristic data is stored in the RAM 13.

【0014】図3は送り軸の送り速度の変化を示す図で
ある。図3において、横軸は時間、縦軸は送り軸の送り
速度を示す。軸制御回路21の受信手段21aは、NC
装置1から送られる送り軸の位置決め指令と送り速度の
指令とを受信する。軸制御回路21の設定手段21b
は、受信した位置決め指令から読取られる送り軸の到達
目標位置と位置検出器25から読取られる送り軸の現在
位置とからその時点での送り軸の移動距離を算出する。
設定手段21bは、算出した送り軸の移動距離と受信し
た送り速度指令とから後述する演算処理により図3に示
すような時々刻々の送り速度を算出する。算出した時々
刻々の送り速度、すなわち送り軸の速度指令は軸制御回
路21からサーボアンプ22へ送られる。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in the feed speed of the feed shaft. In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the feed speed of the feed shaft. The receiving means 21a of the axis control circuit 21 is NC
A feed axis positioning command and a feed speed command sent from the device 1 are received. Setting means 21b of axis control circuit 21
Calculates the moving distance of the feed axis at that time from the target position of the feed axis read from the received positioning command and the current position of the feed axis read from the position detector 25.
The setting unit 21b calculates the instantaneous feed speed as shown in FIG. 3 from the calculated travel distance of the feed axis and the received feed speed command by a calculation process described later. The calculated instantaneous feed speed, that is, the speed command of the feed axis, is sent from the axis control circuit 21 to the servo amplifier 22.

【0015】図3に示すように、時々刻々の送り軸の速
度指令は、太い実線で示す曲線a上を移動する。曲線a
の例を以下に説明する。従来技術では時刻t01からt1
までの加速開始時に破線上を通り、本発明では時刻t02
からt1 までの加速開始時に太い実線で示す曲線a上を
通る。すなわち、本発明の加速開始時(時刻t02からt
1 までの間)はサーボモータの回転速度−トルク特性か
ら低中速回転領域においてサーボモータが高トルクを出
力できることから従来技術で要した加速開始時(時刻t
01からt1 までの間)より短かい時間で送り速度の加速
度を徐々に増加しつつ加速して所定の送り速度Vl まで
送り速度を増加する。この時刻t02からt1 までの時間
を加速開始時の加速度漸増域の時間と呼ぶ。次いで、時
刻t1 からt2 までは等加速度で加速し、時刻t2 から
サーボモータの最高速度Vh に到達する時刻t3 までの
加速終了時(時刻t2 からt3 までの間)はサーボモー
タの回転速度−トルク特性から高速回転領域においてサ
ーボモータが低中速回転領域と比べて低いトルクを出力
することから従来技術と等しい加速時間で送り速度の加
速度を徐々に減少しつつ加速して送り速度を増加する。
この時刻t2 からt 3 までの時間を加速終了時の加速度
漸減域の時間と呼ぶ。したがって、本発明では加速開始
時の加速度漸増域の時間は加速終了時の加速度漸減域の
時間より短く設定される。
As shown in FIG. 3, the speed of the feed shaft every moment
The degree command moves on a curve a indicated by a thick solid line. Curve a
Will be described below. In the prior art, the time t01To t1
At the start of acceleration up to the point indicated by the broken line, and in the present invention, at time t02
To t1At the start of acceleration up to the curve a shown by the thick solid line
Pass. That is, at the start of acceleration (time t02To t
1Up to) is the rotation speed-torque characteristic of the servo motor
Servo motors produce high torque in the low to medium speed range.
At the time of starting acceleration (time t
01To t1Acceleration of the feed rate in a shorter time
Gradually increase the speed and accelerate to the specified feed rate Vl
Increase the feed rate. This time t02To t1Time to
Is called the time of the acceleration gradually increasing region at the start of acceleration. Then, when
Time t1To tTwoUp to time tTwoFrom
Time t when the servo motor reaches the maximum speed VhThreeFor up to
At the end of acceleration (time tTwoTo tThreeUp to)
From the rotational speed-torque characteristics of the motor.
-Bo motor outputs lower torque compared to the low to medium speed range
Therefore, increasing the feed rate with the same acceleration time as in the prior art
The feed speed is increased by accelerating while gradually decreasing the speed.
This time tTwoTo t ThreeAcceleration time at the end of acceleration
It is called the time of the gradual decrease. Therefore, in the present invention, acceleration starts
The time of the acceleration gradual increase area at the time is the time of the acceleration gradual decrease area at the end of acceleration.
It is set shorter than the time.

【0016】次に、時刻t3 に最高送り速度Vhに到達
した後時刻t8 までその速度Vhで一定に送り、時刻t
8 から停止するまでの間において、本発明の減速開始時
(時刻t8 からt9 までの間)はサーボモータの回転速
度−トルク特性から高速回転領域においてサーボモータ
が低中速回転領域と比べて低いトルクを出力することか
ら従来技術と等しい加速時間で送り速度の加速度の絶対
値を徐々に増加しつつ送り速度を漸減する。この時刻t
8 からt9 までの間を減速開始時の加速度漸増域の時間
と呼ぶ。次いで、時刻t9 からt10までは等加速度で減
速し、時刻t10から停止に到る時刻t11までの減速終了
時(時刻t10からt11までの間)はサーボモータの回転
速度−トルク特性から低中速回転領域においてサーボモ
ータが高トルクを出力できることから従来技術(破線)
で要した減速終了時(時刻t10からt12までの間)より
短かい時間で送り速度の加速度の絶対値を徐々に減少し
つつ送り速度を停止まで漸減する。この時刻t10からt
11までの間を減速終了時の加速度漸減域の時間と呼ぶ。
したがって、本発明では減速終了時の加速度漸減域の時
間は、減速開始時の加速度漸増域の時間より短く設定さ
れる。
Next, after reaching the maximum feed speed Vh at time t 3 , the feed is kept constant at that speed Vh until time t 8 ,
In until the stop 8, (during the period from time t 8 to t 9) deceleration-start of the present invention is the rotation speed of the servo motor - compared to the servo motor in a high-speed rotation area from the torque characteristic low to medium speed rotational region Therefore, the feed speed is gradually reduced while gradually increasing the absolute value of the feed speed acceleration in the same acceleration time as in the prior art. This time t
Between from 8 to t 9 it is referred to as a time of acceleration increasing area at the start of deceleration. Then, from time t 9 to t 10 is decelerated at a constant acceleration (from time t 10 to t 11) deceleration at the end of the time t 10 to the time t 11 leading to the stop of the servo motor speed - Conventional technology (broken line) because the servo motor can output high torque in the low-to-medium-speed rotation region from the torque characteristics
Gradually decreases the deceleration at the end taken gradually stopped decreased while feed speed absolute value of the feed velocity acceleration shorter time than (from time t 10 until t 12) at. T from time t 10
The period up to 11 is referred to as the time of the gradually decreasing acceleration region at the end of deceleration.
Therefore, in the present invention, the time of the acceleration gradually decreasing area at the end of deceleration is set shorter than the time of the acceleration gradually increasing area at the start of deceleration.

【0017】このように設定手段21bは、加速開始時
の加速度漸増域の時間(曲線部時定数)、加速終了時の
加速度漸減域の時間(曲線部時定数)、加速時の等加速
度域の時間(直線部時定数)、減速開始時の加速度漸増
域の時間(曲線部時定数)、減速終了時の加速度漸減域
の時間(曲線部時定数)、および減速時の等加速度域の
時間(直線部時定数)をそれぞれ独立して別々の値に設
定することができる。
As described above, the setting means 21b determines the time of the acceleration gradually increasing area at the start of acceleration (curve time constant), the time of the acceleration gradually decreasing area at the end of acceleration (curve time constant), and the time of the constant acceleration area at the time of acceleration. Time (linear part time constant), time of acceleration gradually increasing area at the start of deceleration (curve time constant), time of acceleration gradually decreasing area at the end of deceleration (curve time constant), and time of constant acceleration area at deceleration ( Linear part time constant) can be independently set to different values.

【0018】次に、送り速度の演算処理について図3の
曲線aで示される場合を例にとって以下に説明する。先
ず、送り速度を演算する前に、設定手段21bにより算
出された送り軸の移動距離に応じて、図3に示す時刻t
02から時刻t1 、t2 、…、t10、t11までの時間を演
算し、その演算結果を記憶する。これは、曲線aと時間
軸とにより囲まれる面積が移動距離に等しいことと、送
り速度に対応するサーボモータの回転速度の領域とから
算出する。前述したように、サーボモータの低中速回転
領域と比べて送り速度V>Vmに対応する高速回転領域
ではサーボモータの出力トルクは低い。次に、下記の各
段階の処理を実行する。
Next, the calculation process of the feed speed will be described below by taking as an example a case shown by a curve a in FIG. First, before calculating the feed speed, the time t shown in FIG. 3 is calculated according to the moving distance of the feed shaft calculated by the setting means 21b.
Times from 02 to times t 1 , t 2 ,..., T 10 , t 11 are calculated, and the calculation results are stored. This is calculated from the fact that the area enclosed by the curve a and the time axis is equal to the moving distance and the region of the rotation speed of the servo motor corresponding to the feed speed. As described above, the output torque of the servomotor is lower in the high-speed rotation region corresponding to the feed speed V> Vm than in the low-medium-speed rotation region of the servomotor. Next, the following steps are executed.

【0019】第1段階:加速開始時の加速度漸増域の時
間、すなわち時刻t<t1 (V<Vl)のとき、V=V
+α,α=α+Δαを数msの処理周期毎に演算する。
ここで、Vは初期値0の送り速度、αは初期値0の加速
度、Δαは加速度の増分とする。 第2段階:時刻t1 ≦t≦t2 (Vl≦V≦Vm)のと
き、V=Vl+α,α=αを数msの処理周期毎に演算
する。ここで、Vlは第1段階の時刻t1 における送り
速度とする。この間は等加速度で加速される。
First stage: time of the acceleration gradually increasing region at the start of acceleration, that is, when time t <t 1 (V <Vl), V = V
+ Α, α = α + Δα is calculated for each processing cycle of several ms.
Here, V is the feed speed of the initial value 0, α is the acceleration of the initial value 0, and Δα is the increment of the acceleration. Second stage: At time t 1 ≦ t ≦ t 2 (Vl ≦ V ≦ Vm), V = Vl + α, α = α is calculated for each processing cycle of several ms. Here, Vl is the feed speed at the time t 1 of the first stage. During this time, acceleration is performed at a constant acceleration.

【0020】第3段階:加速終了時の加速度漸減域の時
間、すなわち時刻t2 <t<t3 (Vm<V≦Vh)の
とき、V=Vm+α,α=α−Δαを数msの処理周期
毎に演算する。ここで、Vmは第2段階の時刻t2 にお
ける送り速度とする。 第4段階:時刻t3 ≦t≦t8 (V=Vm)のとき、V
=Vhとする。ここで、Vhは第3段階の時刻t3 にお
ける送り速度とする。
Third stage: When the acceleration is gradually reduced at the end of the acceleration, that is, when time t 2 <t <t 3 (Vm <V ≦ Vh), V = Vm + α, α = α−Δα is processed for several ms. Calculate every cycle. Here, Vm is the feed speed at the time t 2 of the second stage. Fourth stage: When time t 3 ≦ t ≦ t 8 (V = Vm), V
= Vh. Here, Vh is the feed speed at the time t 3 of the third stage.

【0021】第5段階:減速開始時の加速度漸増域の時
間、すなわち時刻t8 <t<t9 (Vm<V≦Vh)の
とき、V=Vh−α,α=α+Δαを数msの処理周期
毎に演算する。 第6段階:時刻t9 ≦t≦t10(Vl≦V≦Vm)のと
き、V=Vm−α,α=αを数msの処理周期毎に演算
する。ここで、Vmは第5段階の時刻t9 における送り
速度とする。この間は等加速度で減速される。
Fifth stage: When the time of the acceleration gradually increasing region at the start of deceleration, ie, at time t 8 <t <t 9 (Vm <V ≦ Vh), V = Vh−α, α = α + Δα is processed for several ms. Calculate every cycle. Sixth stage: At time t 9 ≦ t ≦ t 10 (Vl ≦ V ≦ Vm), V = Vm−α, α = α is calculated for each processing cycle of several ms. Here, Vm is the feed speed at the time t 9 the fifth stage. During this time, the speed is reduced at a constant acceleration.

【0022】第7段階:減速終了時の加速度漸減域の時
間、すなわち時刻t10<t<t11(V<Vl)のとき、
V=Vl−α,α=α−Δαを数msの処理周期毎に演
算する。ここで、Vlは第6段階の時刻t10における送
り速度とする。図4は本発明による位置決め開始時の送
り速度とサーボモータの出力トルクとの関係を示す図で
ある。送り速度は、加速開始時の加速度漸増域の時間T
1 では加速度が徐々に増加されつつ増加され、等加速度
域の時間T2 では一定加速度で徐々に増加され、加速終
了時の加速度漸減域の時間T3 では加速度が徐々に減少
されつつ増加されることが示されている。サーボモータ
の出力トルクは、前記時間T1 ではサーボモータの回転
速度の領域が低速回転であるので回転速度の増加に伴い
最大出力トルクTmまで直線的に増加し、前記時間T2
では最大出力トルクTmの出力を維持し、前記時間T3
ではサーボモータの回転速度の領域が高速回転であるの
で回転速度の増加に伴い負荷に応じた出力トルクTlま
で直線的に減少することが示されている。本発明の前記
時間T1 は、サーボモータの低速回転領域の最大出力ト
ルクに基づいて図6に示す従来技術の時間T1'より短い
時間に設定されており、それだけ指令された送り速度に
早くに到達でき、位置決めに要する時間が短縮される。
Seventh stage: The time of the acceleration gradually decreasing region at the end of deceleration, that is, at time t 10 <t <t 11 (V <Vl),
V = V1−α, α = α−Δα are calculated for each processing cycle of several ms. Here, Vl is the feed speed at the time t 10 of the sixth stage. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the feed speed at the start of positioning and the output torque of the servomotor according to the present invention. The feed speed is the time T of the acceleration gradually increasing region at the start of acceleration.
In 1 , the acceleration is gradually increased and increased, and in the constant acceleration region time T 2 , the acceleration is gradually increased at a constant acceleration, and in the acceleration gradual decrease region time T 3 at the end of the acceleration, the acceleration is gradually reduced and increased. It has been shown. The output torque of the servo motor increases linearly rotational speed region of the servo motor at time T 1 is up to the output torque Tm with increasing rotational speed because it is low-speed rotation, the time T 2
In this case, the output of the maximum output torque Tm is maintained, and the time T 3
FIG. 3 shows that the rotation speed of the servomotor is high-speed rotation, so that as the rotation speed increases, the output torque decreases linearly to an output torque Tl corresponding to the load. The time T 1 of the present invention is set to a time shorter than the time T 1 ′ of the prior art shown in FIG. 6 based on the maximum output torque of the low speed rotation region of the servomotor, so that the time T 1 is shorter than the commanded feed speed. And the time required for positioning is reduced.

【0023】図5は本発明による位置決め終了時の送り
速度とサーボモータの出力トルクとの関係を示す図であ
る。送り速度は、減速開始時の加速度漸増域の時間T4
では加速度の絶対値が徐々に増加されつつ減少され、等
加速度域の時間T5 では一定加速度で徐々に減少され、
減速終了時の加速度漸減域の時間T6 では加速度の絶対
値が徐々に減少されつつ減少されることが示されてい
る。サーボモータの出力トルクは、前記時間T4 ではサ
ーボモータの回転速度の領域が高速回転であるので回転
速度の減少に伴い負荷に応じた負の出力トルク−Tlか
ら負の最大出力トルク−Tmまで直線的にその絶対値が
増加し、前記時間T5 では負の最大出力トルク−Tmの
出力を維持し、前記時間T6 ではサーボモータの回転速
度の領域が低速回転であるので回転速度の減少に伴い停
止するまで直線的に減少することが示されている。本発
明の前記時間T6 は、サーボモータの低速回転領域の最
大出力トルクに基づいて図7に示す従来技術の時間T6'
より短い時間に設定されており、それだけ指令された送
り速度に早くに到達でき、位置決めに要する時間が短縮
される。
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the feed speed at the end of positioning and the output torque of the servomotor according to the present invention. The feed speed is the time T 4 of the acceleration gradually increasing area at the start of deceleration.
In the reduced absolute value of the acceleration is being gradually increased, and gradually reduced at a constant acceleration at time T 5 of the constant acceleration region,
The absolute value of the deceleration at the end of the acceleration decreasing range of the time T 6 the acceleration is gradually reduced while being reduced is shown. The output torque of the servomotor, the negative output torque -Tl in accordance with with the decrease of the rotation speed load to a negative maximum output torque -Tm the rotational speed region of the time T 4 the servo motor is a high speed linearly, so that the absolute value increases, the keeping the output of the time T 5 the negative maximum output torque -Tm, reduction of the rotational speed because the rotational speed region of the servo motor at time T 6 is at low speed It shows that it decreases linearly until it stops. The time T 6 of the present invention is based on the maximum output torque in the low-speed rotation region of the servomotor, and is a time T 6 ′ of the prior art shown in FIG.
It is set to a shorter time, so that the commanded feed speed can be reached earlier, and the time required for positioning is reduced.

【0024】[0024]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の数値制御
における送り軸の加減速制御方法および装置によれば、
送り軸を駆動するサーボモータの出力トルク特性を全回
転速度領域に渡って有効に利用することで、位置決めに
余分な時間を費やすことなく短時間で位置決めを行い、
ワークの加工開始から終了までのトータルの加工能率を
向上させることができる。
As described above, according to the feed shaft acceleration / deceleration control method and apparatus in the numerical control of the present invention,
By effectively utilizing the output torque characteristics of the servo motor that drives the feed shaft over the entire rotation speed range, positioning can be performed in a short time without spending extra time on positioning.
It is possible to improve the total processing efficiency from the start to the end of the processing of the work.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明による数値制御における送り軸加減速制
御装置の一実施形態を示す図である。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a feed shaft acceleration / deceleration control device in numerical control according to the present invention.

【図2】サーボモータの回転速度−トルク特性を示す図
である。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a rotation speed-torque characteristic of a servomotor.

【図3】送り軸の送り速度の変化を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in a feed speed of a feed shaft.

【図4】本発明による位置決め開始時の送り速度とサー
ボモータの出力トルクとの関係を示す図であり、(A)
はサーボモータの出力トルクの変化を示す図であり、
(B)は送り速度の変化を示す図である。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the feed speed at the start of positioning according to the present invention and the output torque of the servomotor, and FIG.
Is a diagram showing a change in the output torque of the servo motor,
(B) is a figure which shows the change of feed speed.

【図5】本発明による位置決め終了時の送り速度とサー
ボモータの出力トルクとの関係を示す図であり、(A)
はサーボモータの出力トルクの変化を示す図であり、
(B)は送り速度の変化を示す図である。
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the feed speed at the end of positioning according to the present invention and the output torque of the servomotor, and FIG.
Is a diagram showing a change in the output torque of the servo motor,
(B) is a figure which shows the change of feed speed.

【図6】従来技術による位置決め開始時の送り速度とサ
ーボモータの出力トルクとの関係を示す図であり、
(A)はサーボモータの出力トルクの変化を示す図であ
り、(B)は送り速度の変化を示す図である。
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the feed speed at the start of positioning and the output torque of a servomotor according to the prior art;
(A) is a figure which shows the change of the output torque of a servomotor, (B) is a figure which shows the change of feed speed.

【図7】従来技術による位置決め終了時の送り速度とサ
ーボモータの出力トルクとの関係を示す図であり、
(A)はサーボモータの出力トルクの変化を示す図であ
り、(B)は送り速度の変化を示す図である。
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the feed speed at the end of positioning and the output torque of a servomotor according to the conventional technique;
(A) is a figure which shows the change of the output torque of a servomotor, (B) is a figure which shows the change of feed speed.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1…数値制御装置(NC装置) 10…CPU 11…バスライン 20…サーボ機構 21…軸制御回路 21a…受信手段 21b…設定手段 22…サーボアンプ 23…サーボモータ 24…位置速度検出器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Numerical control apparatus (NC apparatus) 10 ... CPU 11 ... Bus line 20 ... Servo mechanism 21 ... Axis control circuit 21a ... Receiving means 21b ... Setting means 22 ... Servo amplifier 23 ... Servo motor 24 ... Position / speed detector

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 サーボモータで駆動される送り軸を位置
決め指令に応じて加減速する数値制御における送り軸の
加減速制御方法において、 NCプログラムに応じて前記送り軸の位置決め指令を受
けた際、前記送り速度の加速度を徐々に増加しつつ加速
する加速開始時の加速度漸増域の時間を該送り速度の加
速度を徐々に減少しつつ加速する加速終了時の加速度漸
減域の時間より短く設定し、 前記加速開始時の加速度漸増域と前記加速終了時の加速
度漸減域との間は一定の加速度で加速し、 前記送り速度の加速度の絶対値を徐々に減少しつつ停止
する減速終了時の加速度漸減域の時間を該送り速度の加
速度の絶対値を徐々に増加しつつ減速する減速開始時の
加速度漸増域の時間より短く設定し、 前記減速開始時の加速度漸増域と前記減速終了時の加速
度漸減域との間は一定の加速度で減速する、ことを特徴
とした数値制御における送り軸加減速制御方法。
1. A feed axis acceleration / deceleration control method in numerical control for accelerating and decelerating a feed axis driven by a servomotor in accordance with a positioning command, wherein when a feed axis positioning command is received in accordance with an NC program, The time of the acceleration gradually increasing region at the start of acceleration to accelerate while gradually increasing the acceleration of the feed speed is set shorter than the time of the acceleration gradually decreasing region at the end of acceleration to accelerate while gradually decreasing the acceleration of the feed speed, Acceleration is performed at a constant acceleration between the acceleration gradual increase region at the start of the acceleration and the acceleration gradual decrease region at the end of the acceleration, and the acceleration gradually decreases at the end of the deceleration to stop while gradually decreasing the absolute value of the acceleration of the feed speed. Setting the time of the zone to be shorter than the time of the acceleration gradually increasing area at the start of deceleration in which the absolute value of the acceleration of the feed speed is gradually increased while decelerating, and the acceleration gradually increasing area at the start of deceleration and the deceleration end Between the acceleration decreasing zone decelerates at a constant acceleration, the feed axis acceleration control method in numerical control characterized by.
【請求項2】 サーボモータで駆動される送り軸を位置
決め指令に応じて加減速する数値制御における送り軸の
加減速制御装置において、 NCプログラムに応じて前記送り軸の位置決め指令を受
ける受信手段と、 前記送り速度の加速度を徐々に増加しつつ加速する加速
開始時の加速度漸増域の時間と、該送り速度の加速度を
徐々に減少しつつ加速する加速終了時の加速度漸減域の
時間と、前記加速開始時の加速度漸増域と前記加速終了
時の加速度漸減域との間の一定加速度で加速する時間
と、前記送り速度の加速度の絶対値を徐々に増加しつつ
減速する減速開始時の加速度漸増域の時間と、該送り速
度の加速度の絶対値を徐々に減少しつつ停止する減速終
了時の加速度漸減域の時間と、前記減速開始時の加速度
漸増域と前記減速終了時の加速度漸減域との間の一定加
速度で減速する時間とをそれぞれ独立に設定可能な設定
手段と、を具備することを特徴とした数値制御における
送り軸加減速制御装置。
2. A feed axis acceleration / deceleration control device in numerical control for accelerating and decelerating a feed axis driven by a servomotor according to a positioning command, a receiving means for receiving a feed axis positioning command according to an NC program, The time of the acceleration gradually increasing region at the start of acceleration to accelerate while gradually increasing the acceleration of the feed speed, the time of the acceleration gradually decreasing region at the end of acceleration to accelerate while gradually decreasing the acceleration of the feed speed, A time period for accelerating at a constant acceleration between an acceleration gradual increase region at the start of acceleration and an acceleration gradual decrease region at the end of acceleration, and an acceleration gradual increase at the start of deceleration for decelerating while gradually increasing the absolute value of the acceleration of the feed speed Time, the time of the acceleration gradually decreasing area at the end of deceleration to stop while gradually decreasing the absolute value of the acceleration of the feed speed, the acceleration gradually increasing area at the start of deceleration, and the acceleration at the end of deceleration. Feed shaft deceleration control apparatus in a numerical control characterized by comprising a setting means capable of setting independently of time and to decelerate at a constant acceleration between the tapering area.
JP00557598A 1998-01-14 1998-01-14 Method and apparatus for controlling acceleration / deceleration of feed axis in numerical control Expired - Lifetime JP3403628B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP00557598A JP3403628B2 (en) 1998-01-14 1998-01-14 Method and apparatus for controlling acceleration / deceleration of feed axis in numerical control

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP00557598A JP3403628B2 (en) 1998-01-14 1998-01-14 Method and apparatus for controlling acceleration / deceleration of feed axis in numerical control

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JPH11202924A true JPH11202924A (en) 1999-07-30
JP3403628B2 JP3403628B2 (en) 2003-05-06

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113031525A (en) * 2021-03-03 2021-06-25 福州大学 Polynomial acceleration and deceleration motion control method and device applied to numerical control machining

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102799146B (en) * 2012-08-08 2013-08-28 成都乐创自动化技术股份有限公司 Method for planning velocity of S-shaped acceleration and deceleration control for control system of numerical control equipment

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113031525A (en) * 2021-03-03 2021-06-25 福州大学 Polynomial acceleration and deceleration motion control method and device applied to numerical control machining

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