JPH11190841A - Display device - Google Patents
Display deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11190841A JPH11190841A JP9358414A JP35841497A JPH11190841A JP H11190841 A JPH11190841 A JP H11190841A JP 9358414 A JP9358414 A JP 9358414A JP 35841497 A JP35841497 A JP 35841497A JP H11190841 A JPH11190841 A JP H11190841A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- incident
- display panel
- guide member
- control plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、反射板を備えた
表示装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display device provided with a reflector.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、反射板を備えた表示装置は、図１
２に示すように、例えば液晶表示パネルなどの透過型表
示パネル１と、この表示パネル１の背面に対向させて配
置された散乱反射板２とにより構成されている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a display device provided with a reflector is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the display device 1 includes a transmissive display panel 1 such as a liquid crystal display panel, and a scattering reflector 2 disposed opposite the rear surface of the display panel 1.
【０００３】この表示装置は、表示パネル１の前方から
入射する自然光や室内光などの外光を前記散乱反射板２
により反射し、その反射光で表示パネル１を背面から照
明して表示するものであり、前方から入射した外光は、
図に矢線で示すように、表示パネル１を透過して散乱反
射板２により反射され、広範囲に拡散した光となって表
示パネル１にその背面から入射して、この表示パネル１
の前方に出射する。In this display device, external light such as natural light or room light entering from the front of a display panel 1 is scattered by the scattering reflector 2.
And the display panel 1 is illuminated from behind with the reflected light for display. External light incident from the front is
As shown by the arrow in the figure, the light transmitted through the display panel 1 is reflected by the scattering reflection plate 2 to become light diffused over a wide range, enters the display panel 1 from the back thereof, and
Exits in front of.
【０００４】なお、前記表示装置は、一般に、その前記
表示パネルの画面の上縁側から主に外光を取り込むよう
に、前記画面に垂直な方向に対して画面の上縁側（図１
２において左側）に傾いた方向を明るい外光が得られる
方向に向けて使用されており、その表示は、正面方向、
つまり画面に垂直な方向の付近、あるいは垂直方向より
やや画面の下縁側に傾いた方向の付近から観察されてい
る。In general, the display device is arranged such that external light is mainly taken in from the upper edge side of the screen of the display panel.
2, the direction inclined to the left) is used in the direction in which bright external light can be obtained.
That is, it is observed from the vicinity of the direction perpendicular to the screen or the direction inclined slightly to the lower edge side of the screen from the vertical direction.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記散乱反射
板２を用いた従来の表示装置は、前記散乱反射板２で反
射された光が、表示パネル１に入射しない方向にまで広
く拡散するが、照明光として利用できる反射光が表示パ
ネル１に入射する拡散範囲の光だけであり、しかも、表
示パネル１を透過してその前方に出射する光の広がり角
が大きいため、表示の観察方向に向かって出射する光は
少なく、輝度が低く、観察される表示画面が暗いという
問題をもっている。However, in the conventional display device using the scattering reflector 2, the light reflected by the scattering reflector 2 diffuses widely in a direction not incident on the display panel 1. The reflected light that can be used as illumination light is only light in the diffusion range that enters the display panel 1, and the light transmitted through the display panel 1 and emitted forward has a large divergence angle. There is a problem that light emitted toward the display is small, luminance is low, and a display screen to be observed is dark.
【０００６】すなわち、上記表示装置の表示画面は、上
述したように正面方向から観察されるのが普通である
が、従来の反射型表示装置は、表示パネル１の前面に出
射する光の広がり角が大きく、その出射光のうちの正面
方向に向かって出射する光が観察者に観察され、他の斜
め方向に向かって出射する光は観察者にはほとんど見え
ないため、観察される表示が暗くなってしまう。That is, the display screen of the display device is usually observed from the front as described above, but the conventional reflection type display device has a spread angle of light emitted to the front surface of the display panel 1. The light emitted toward the front direction out of the emitted light is observed by the observer, and the light emitted toward the other oblique directions is hardly seen by the observer. turn into.
【０００７】なお、上記表示装置において、前記反射板
２を鏡面反射板とすれば、ある程度表示の明るさを向上
させることができるが、鏡面反射板を用いたのでは、前
方からの入射光が反射板への入射角に応じた反射角で反
射されて前方に出射するため、明るい表示を観察できる
視野角が小さくなるし、また、観察者の顔やその背景等
が反射板面に映って見えるいわゆる外景の映り込みが生
じて、表示が見づらくなってしまう。In the above display device, if the reflector 2 is a specular reflector, the brightness of the display can be improved to some extent. However, if the specular reflector is used, incident light from the front will be reduced. Since the light is reflected at an angle of reflection corresponding to the angle of incidence on the reflector and is emitted forward, the viewing angle at which a bright display can be observed is reduced, and the face of the observer and its background are reflected on the reflector surface. A so-called reflection of the outside scene occurs, and the display becomes difficult to see.
【０００８】この発明は、特定の方向から観察される表
示を充分に明るくし、しかも視野角を広くするととも
に、外景の映り込みのない高品質の表示を得ることがで
きる、反射板を備えた表示装置を提供することを目的と
したものである。According to the present invention, there is provided a reflecting plate which can sufficiently brighten a display viewed from a specific direction, widen a viewing angle, and obtain a high quality display without reflection of an outside scene. It is an object to provide a display device.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明の表示装置は、
透過型の表示パネルと、この表示パネルの背面に対向さ
せて配置され、前記表示パネルの前方から入射する光の
うちの特定の方向からの入射光を所定の方向に集光して
前記入射光の入射角度範囲より小さい広がり角の反射光
を前記表示パネルの背面に向けて出射する指向性反射板
と、前記表示パネルの背面と前記指向性反射板との間に
配置され、特定の方向から所定の角度範囲内の入射角で
入射した透過光を所定の広がり方向に散乱して出射する
光制御板とを備えたことを特徴とするものである。A display device according to the present invention comprises:
A transmissive display panel, disposed opposite the rear surface of the display panel, and condensing incident light from a specific direction among light incident from the front of the display panel in a predetermined direction, to thereby form the incident light. A directional reflector that emits reflected light having a divergence angle smaller than the incident angle range of the display panel toward the back surface of the display panel, and is disposed between the back surface of the display panel and the directional reflector plate, from a specific direction. A light control plate that scatters transmitted light incident at an incident angle within a predetermined angle range in a predetermined spreading direction and emits the light.
【００１０】この表示装置は、前記透過型表示パネルの
前方から入射する自然光や室内光などの外光を、前記表
示パネルの背面に対向させて配置された前記指向性反射
板により反射し、その反射光で前記表示パネルを背面か
ら照明して表示するものであり、前方から入射した外光
は、前記表示パネルと、この表示パネルの背面と前記指
向性反射板との間に配置された前記光制御板とを順に透
過して前記指向性反射板により反射され、その反射光
が、前記光制御板と前記表示パネルとを順に透過して前
方に出射する。In this display device, external light such as natural light or room light incident from the front of the transmissive display panel is reflected by the directional reflector disposed opposite to the back of the display panel. The display panel is illuminated from the back with reflected light for display, and external light incident from the front is the display panel, and the display panel is disposed between the back of the display panel and the directional reflector. The light passes through the light control plate in order and is reflected by the directional reflector, and the reflected light passes through the light control plate and the display panel in order and is emitted forward.
【００１１】そして、この表示装置においては、前記指
向性反射板が、特定の方向からの入射光を所定の方向に
集光して前記入射光の入射角度範囲より小さい広がり角
の反射光を前記表示パネルの背面に向けて出射し、ま
た、前記光制御板が、特定の方向から所定の角度範囲内
の入射角で入射した透過光を所定の広がり方向に散乱し
て出射するため、前記指向性反射板により反射された特
定の方向に出射する光の輝度が高くなった光が前記光制
御板を経て前記表示パネルにその背面からに入射すると
ともに、その光のうちの前記光制御板に特定の方向から
所定の角度範囲内の入射角で入射した光が所定の広がり
方向に散乱した光となって前記表示パネルに入射する。In this display device, the directional reflector condenses incident light from a specific direction in a predetermined direction, and reflects reflected light having a spread angle smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light. The light is emitted toward the back surface of the display panel, and the light control plate scatters and emits the transmitted light incident at an incident angle within a predetermined angle range from a specific direction in a predetermined spreading direction. The light whose luminance is high and emitted in a specific direction reflected by the reflective reflector is incident on the display panel from the back through the light control plate, and the light control plate of the light Light incident at an incident angle within a predetermined angle range from a specific direction is scattered in a predetermined spread direction and is incident on the display panel.
【００１２】したがって、この発明の表示装置によれ
ば、前記指向性反射板による光の集光方向と、前記光制
御板による拡散光の広がり方向とを、表示の観察方向に
応じて選ぶことにより、特定の方向から観察される表示
を充分に明るくし、しかも視野角を広くするとともに、
外景の映り込みのない高品質の表示を得ることができ
る。Therefore, according to the display device of the present invention, the direction in which light is collected by the directional reflector and the direction in which diffused light is spread by the light control plate are selected according to the viewing direction of display. , While making the display viewed from a specific direction sufficiently bright and widening the viewing angle,
A high quality display without reflection of the outside scene can be obtained.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】この発明の表示装置は、上記のよ
うに、透過型表示パネルの背面に対向させて、前記表示
パネルの前方から入射する光のうちの特定の方向からの
入射光を所定の方向に集光して前記入射光の入射角度範
囲より小さい広がり角の反射光を前記表示パネルの背面
に向けて出射する指向性反射板を配置し、前記表示パネ
ルの背面と前記指向性反射板との間に、特定の方向から
所定の角度範囲内の入射角で入射した透過光を所定の広
がり方向に散乱して出射する光制御板を配置することに
より、特定の方向から観察される表示を充分に明るく
し、しかも視野角を広くするとともに、外景の映り込み
のない高品質の表示を得るようにしたものである。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As described above, a display device according to the present invention faces incident light from a specific direction among light incident from the front of the display panel so as to face the rear surface of the transmissive display panel. A directional reflector for converging light in a predetermined direction and emitting reflected light having a divergence angle smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light toward the back surface of the display panel is disposed, and the back surface of the display panel and the directivity are disposed. By placing a light control plate that scatters and emits transmitted light incident at an incident angle within a predetermined angle range from a specific direction in a predetermined spread direction between the reflection plate and a specific direction, the light control plate is observed from a specific direction. The display is sufficiently bright, the viewing angle is widened, and a high-quality display without reflection of the outside scene is obtained.
【００１４】この発明の表示装置において、前記光制御
板に、散乱光の主な広がり方向が一方向であるものを用
いる場合、この光制御板を、前記散乱光の主な広がり方
向を表示パネルの画面（以下、画面）に垂直な方向に対
して前記画面の下縁側に傾いた方向に向けて配置すれ
ば、画面の下縁側方向に視野角を広げることができ、ま
た光制御板を、前記散乱光の主な広がり方向を画面に垂
直な方向に対して前記画面の側縁側に傾いた方向に向け
て配置すれば、画面の横方向に視野角を広げることがで
きるとともに、画面の横方向から入射する光を散乱させ
た後、前記指向性反射板によって前記画面の下縁側方向
に出射角度範囲を小さくして出射することができるので
輝度が高くなる。In the display device of the present invention, when the light control plate uses one in which the main spread direction of the scattered light is one direction, the light control plate is used to display the main spread direction of the scattered light on the display panel. By arranging in a direction inclined to the lower edge of the screen with respect to a direction perpendicular to the screen (hereinafter, screen), the viewing angle can be widened in the lower edge direction of the screen, and the light control plate can be If the main direction of spread of the scattered light is arranged in a direction inclined to the side edge of the screen with respect to the direction perpendicular to the screen, the viewing angle can be widened in the horizontal direction of the screen, and After scattering the light incident from the direction, the directional reflector allows the light to be emitted with a smaller emission angle range toward the lower edge side of the screen, so that the brightness is increased.
【００１５】また、前記光制御板は、この光制御板によ
る散乱光の主な広がり方向が複数の方向であるもでもよ
く、このような光制御板を用いれば、複数の方向に視野
角を広げるとともに、画面の複数方向から入射する光を
散乱させた後、前記指向性反射板によって前記画面の下
縁側方向に出射角度範囲を小さくして出射することがで
きるので輝度が高くなる。The light control plate may be such that the main spread direction of the scattered light by the light control plate is a plurality of directions. If such a light control plate is used, the viewing angle can be increased in a plurality of directions. After the light is spread and the light incident from a plurality of directions on the screen is scattered, the light can be emitted with a smaller emission angle range toward the lower edge side of the screen by the directional reflector, so that the brightness increases.
【００１６】また、前記指向性反射板は、例えば、平担
な反射面を有する反射部材と、前面が平坦で、背面に所
定方向に沿う溝状凹部が複数列に形成され、前記背面を
前記反射板の反射面に対向させて配置された第１の導光
部材と、前記第１の導光部材の各溝状凹部内を占有する
前記第１の導光部材よりも屈折率の小さい第２の導光部
材とからなり、前記第１の導光部材の溝状凹部は、前記
反射部材の反射面の垂線に対する傾き角度が異なる少な
くとも２つの傾斜面を有し、前記傾斜面と前記第２の反
射部材との境界面が、前記境界面への入射光をその入射
角に応じて反射または透過させる光学界面を形成し、前
記第１の導光部材の前面から所定の角度範囲内の入射角
で入射した光を特定の方向に前記入射光の入射角度範囲
より小さい広がり角で前記第１の導光部材の前面に出射
する構成のものでよく、このような構成の指向性反射板
によれば、特定の方向からの入射光を予め定められた特
定の方向に集光して前記入射光の入射角度範囲より小さ
い広がり角の反射光を前記表示パネルの背面に向けて出
射することができる。Further, the directional reflector has, for example, a reflecting member having a flat reflecting surface, and a plurality of rows of groove-shaped recesses along a predetermined direction formed on a back surface with a flat front surface. A first light guide member arranged to face the reflection surface of the reflection plate; and a first light guide member having a smaller refractive index than the first light guide member occupying each groove-shaped recess of the first light guide member. And the groove-shaped concave portion of the first light guide member has at least two inclined surfaces having different inclination angles with respect to a perpendicular line of the reflection surface of the reflection member, and the inclined surface and the second light guide member have different inclination angles. 2 forms an optical interface that reflects or transmits light incident on the boundary surface in accordance with the angle of incidence, and is within a predetermined angle range from the front surface of the first light guide member. Spreading light incident at an incident angle in a specific direction smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light In the directional reflector having such a configuration, incident light from a specific direction is condensed in a predetermined specific direction. Thus, the reflected light having a divergence angle smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light can be emitted toward the back surface of the display panel.
【００１７】このような構成の指向性反射板を用いる場
合、前記反射部材を半透過反射板とし、その背後にバッ
クライトを配置するか、あるいは、前記反射部材を、光
透過性を有する発光体と、その背後に配置された反射板
とで構成すれば、外光を利用する反射型表示と、前記バ
ックライトまたは前記発光体の光を利用する透過型表示
との両方を行なうことができる。When a directional reflector having such a configuration is used, the reflecting member is a semi-transmissive reflecting plate, and a backlight is disposed behind the reflecting member, or the reflecting member is formed of a light-transmitting luminous body. And a reflector disposed behind the display, it is possible to perform both a reflective display using external light and a transmissive display using light from the backlight or the illuminant.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】図１および図２はこの発明の第１の実施例を
示しており、図１は表示装置の分解斜視図、図２は前記
表示装置の側面図である。1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a display device, and FIG. 2 is a side view of the display device.
【００１９】この実施例の表示装置は、図１に示すよう
に、透過型表示パネル１０と、この表示パネル１０の背
面に対向させて配置された指向性反射板１１と、前記表
示パネル１０の背面と前記指向性反射板１１との間に配
置された光制御板１７とを備えている。As shown in FIG. 1, the display device of this embodiment includes a transmissive display panel 10, a directional reflector 11 disposed opposite to the back of the display panel 10, and a A light control plate 17 is provided between the back surface and the directional reflection plate 11.
【００２０】なお、前記表示パネル１０は、例えば液晶
表示パネルであり、この液晶表示パネルは、アクティブ
マトリックス型、単純マトリックス型、セグメント型な
どのいずれでもよく、また、その表示方式も、ＴＮ（ツ
ィステッドネマティック）方式、ＳＴＮ（スーパーツィ
ステッドネマティック）方式、ＥＣＢ（複屈折効果）方
式、動的散乱効果方式、強誘電性液晶を用いる方式など
の光の透過率を制御する表示方式であればいずれでもよ
い。The display panel 10 is, for example, a liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display panel may be any of an active matrix type, a simple matrix type, a segment type, and the like, and its display method is TN (Twisted). Any display method that controls light transmittance, such as a Sted Nematic method, an STN (Super Twisted Nematic) method, an ECB (birefringence effect) method, a dynamic scattering effect method, or a method using a ferroelectric liquid crystal. May be.
【００２１】前記指向性反射板１１は、前記表示パネル
１０の前方から入射する光のうちの特定の方向からの入
射光を所定の方向に集光して前記入射光の入射角度範囲
より小さい広がり角の反射光を前記表示パネル１０の背
面に向けて出射する特性を有している。The directional reflector 11 condenses, in a predetermined direction, incident light from a specific direction of the light incident from the front of the display panel 10 and spreads the incident light in a range smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light. It has a characteristic that the reflected light of the corner is emitted toward the back surface of the display panel 10.
【００２２】この指向性反射板１１は、例えば、図１お
よび図２に示すように、鏡面反射をする平担面状の反射
面１２ａを有する反射部材１２と、前面が平坦で、背面
に所定方向に沿う溝状凹部１４を互いに平行に複数列に
形成し、前記背面を前記反射部材１２の反射面１２ａに
対向させて配置された第１の導光部材１３と、この第１
の導光部材１３の各溝状凹部１４内に設けられた前記第
１の導光部材１３よりも屈折率の小さい第２の導光部材
１５とからなっている。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, for example, the directional reflection plate 11 has a reflection member 12 having a flat reflection surface 12a for specular reflection, a flat front surface, and a predetermined rear surface. A first light guide member 13 in which a plurality of rows of groove-shaped concave portions 14 extending in the direction are formed in parallel with each other, and the back surface is arranged to face the reflecting surface 12a of the reflecting member 12;
And a second light guide member 15 having a smaller refractive index than the first light guide member 13 provided in each groove-shaped recess 14 of the light guide member 13.
【００２３】前記反射部材１２は、例えば樹脂フィルム
の少なくとも一方の面全体に銀またはアルミニウムなど
を蒸着またはメッキした平担面状の反射膜であり、その
反射面１２ａは鏡面となっている。The reflecting member 12 is, for example, a flat-surface reflecting film formed by depositing or plating silver or aluminum on at least one entire surface of a resin film, and the reflecting surface 12a is a mirror surface.
【００２４】前記第１の導光部材１３は、アクリルまた
はトリアセチルセルロース（ＴＡＣ）などの透明樹脂材
料（望ましくは光学異方性を持たない透明樹脂材料）か
らなっており、その背面の全域に、その横幅全長にわた
る長さの溝状凹部１４が複数列互いに平行に形成されて
いる。The first light guide member 13 is made of a transparent resin material (preferably a transparent resin material having no optical anisotropy) such as acryl or triacetyl cellulose (TAC). A plurality of rows of groove-shaped concave portions 14 having a length extending over the entire width thereof are formed in parallel with each other.
【００２５】前記溝状凹部１４は、互いに逆向きに傾斜
する２つの側面と、反射部材１２の反射面１２ａとほぼ
平行な底面とを有する断面台形状をなしており、その両
側面は、前記第１の導光部材１３の前面の垂線に対し、
前記溝状凹部１４の深さ方向に向かって互いに異なる傾
き角度で傾斜した傾斜面となっている。The groove-shaped recess 14 has a trapezoidal cross section having two side surfaces inclined in opposite directions and a bottom surface substantially parallel to the reflection surface 12a of the reflection member 12. With respect to a perpendicular to the front surface of the first light guide member 13,
The grooves are inclined at different inclination angles toward the depth direction of the groove-shaped concave portion.
【００２６】これらの溝状凹部１４は、所定の間隔で互
いに平行な列をなして形成されており、また、前記第１
の導光部材１３の各溝状凹部１４の間の平坦な部分の背
面はそれぞれ、この導光部材１３の前面と平行な面とな
っている。The groove-shaped recesses 14 are formed in rows parallel to each other at a predetermined interval.
The rear surfaces of the flat portions between the groove-shaped concave portions 14 of the light guide member 13 are parallel to the front surface of the light guide member 13, respectively.
【００２７】なお、図１では便宜上、第１の導光部材１
３の各溝状凹部１４を大きく誇張して示しているが、例
えば、第１の導光部材１３の背面に形成された前記各溝
状凹部１４の幅（導光部材１３の背面に開放する最も広
い幅）は、４０〜１００μｍ程度の極く小さい幅に設定
されており、各溝状凹部１４は５０〜１５０μｍ間隔に
平行に設定され、反射部材と接する部分の各背面の幅
は、前記溝状凹部１４の幅の１／４〜１／２程度の比率
に設定されている。In FIG. 1, the first light guide member 1 is provided for convenience.
3, each groove-shaped recess 14 is greatly exaggerated. For example, the width of each groove-shaped recess 14 formed on the back surface of the first light guide member 13 (open to the back surface of the light guide member 13). The widest width) is set to an extremely small width of about 40 to 100 μm, each groove-shaped recess 14 is set in parallel at an interval of 50 to 150 μm, and the width of each back surface of a portion in contact with the reflecting member is The ratio is set to about 凹 部 to の of the width of the groove-shaped recess 14.
【００２８】前記第１の導光部材１３は、その各溝状凹
部１４の間の部分の面を前記反射部材１２の反射面１２
ａに接面させて、この反射部材１２上に図示しない透明
な粘着剤または両面粘着テープにより貼り付けられてい
る。The first light-guiding member 13 has a portion between the respective groove-shaped recesses 14, which is formed on the reflecting surface 12 of the reflecting member 12.
The reflective member 12 is attached to the reflecting member 12 with a transparent adhesive or a double-sided adhesive tape (not shown) so as to be in contact with a.
【００２９】また、前記第１の導光部材１３の各溝状凹
部１４内を占有するように設けられた第２の導光部材１
５は、例えば空気層であり、したがって、この第２の導
光部材１５の屈折率は、前記第１の導光部材１３の屈折
率よりも小さい。Further, the second light guide member 1 provided so as to occupy each groove-shaped recess 14 of the first light guide member 13 is provided.
Reference numeral 5 denotes, for example, an air layer, and therefore, the refractive index of the second light guide member 15 is smaller than the refractive index of the first light guide member 13.
【００３０】そして、前記第１の導光部材１３と前記第
２の導光部材１５との界面の各溝状凹部１４の両傾斜面
は、その面への入射光をその入射角に応じて反射または
透過させる光学界面１６ａ，１６ｂとなっており、また
前記各溝状凹部１４の底面と前記第２の導光部材１５と
の界面は、その面への入射光を透過させる透過面１６ｃ
となっている。The two inclined surfaces of each groove-shaped concave portion 14 at the interface between the first light guide member 13 and the second light guide member 15 change the light incident on the surface according to the incident angle. Optical interfaces 16a and 16b for reflecting or transmitting light are provided, and an interface between the bottom surface of each groove-shaped concave portion 14 and the second light guide member 15 is a transmitting surface 16c for transmitting light incident on the surface.
It has become.
【００３１】前記各溝状凹部１４の両側の光学界面１６
ａ，１６ｂはそれぞれ、第１の導光部材１３の前面およ
び反射部材１２の反射面１２ａの垂線に対する一方の光
学界面１６ａの傾き角度θ２と、他方の光学界面１６ｂ
の傾き角度θ１とが、θ１＞θ２の関係にある傾斜面で
ある。Optical interfaces 16 on both sides of each groove-shaped recess 14
a and 16b are the inclination angle θ2 of one optical interface 16a with respect to the perpendicular of the front surface of the first light guide member 13 and the reflection surface 12a of the reflection member 12, and the other optical interface 16b
Is an inclined surface having a relationship of θ1> θ2.
【００３２】この指向性反射板１１は、特定の方向から
の入射光を予め定められた特定の方向に集光して前記入
射光の入射角度範囲より小さい広がり角の反射光を前記
表示パネルの背面に向けて出射するものであり、前方か
ら入射する光のうち、前記第１の導光部材１３の前面の
垂線に対して前記溝状凹部１４の一側方向に傾いた方向
から入射した光を、正面方向、つまり第１の導光部材１
３の前面に垂直な付近の方向に集光して前面に出射す
る。The directional reflector 11 condenses incident light from a specific direction in a predetermined specific direction, and transmits reflected light having a divergence angle smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light to the display panel. Light that is emitted toward the back and that is incident from the front, out of light incident from a direction inclined to one side of the groove-shaped recess 14 with respect to a perpendicular to the front surface of the first light guide member 13. In the front direction, that is, the first light guide member 1
The light is condensed in a direction perpendicular to the front surface of No. 3 and emitted to the front surface.
【００３３】前記第１の導光部材１３の前面の垂線に対
して前記溝状凹部１４の一側方向に傾いた方向から入射
した光の経路を説明すると、この方向から第１の導光部
材１３に入射した光は、図２に矢線で示すように、第１
の導光部材１３内を背面方向に向かって透過し、その光
のうち、第１の導光部材１３の背面と反射部材１２の接
する面に向かう光は、第１の導光部材１３の背面から反
射部材１２の反射面１２ａに入射して反射される。The path of light incident from a direction inclined to one side of the groove-shaped recess 14 with respect to a perpendicular to the front surface of the first light guide member 13 will be described. The light incident on the first light source 13 is the first light as indicated by the arrow in FIG.
Of the light transmitted toward the back side of the light guide member 13, and of the light, the light traveling toward the surface where the back surface of the first light guide member 13 and the reflection member 12 are in contact is the back surface of the first light guide member 13. Then, the light enters the reflection surface 12a of the reflection member 12 and is reflected.
【００３４】前記第１の導光部材１３の背面から反射部
材１２の反射面１２ａに入射して反射された光は、第１
の導光部材１３内を前面方向に進み、その光のうち、垂
直方向に近い方向に向かう光（図示せず）は、そのまま
第１の導光部材１３の前面に出射し、斜め方向に向かう
光は、図のように、前記一方の光学界面１６ｂに入射す
る。Light incident on the reflecting surface 12a of the reflecting member 12 from the back surface of the first light guiding member 13 and reflected therefrom is reflected by the first light guiding member 13.
The light (not shown) which travels in a direction close to the vertical direction among the light in the light guide member 13 is emitted to the front surface of the first light guide member 13 as it is, and goes obliquely. Light enters the one optical interface 16b as shown in the figure.
【００３５】そして、前記光学界面１６ａに対して全反
射臨界角より大きい入射角（面の垂線方向に対する角
度）で入射した光は、この光学界面１６ａで全反射され
て第１の導光部材１３内を前面方向に進み、この第１の
導光部材１３の前面に出射する。Light incident on the optical interface 16a at an incident angle larger than the critical angle for total reflection (an angle with respect to the direction perpendicular to the surface) is totally reflected by the optical interface 16a and becomes the first light guide member 13a. The light travels toward the front of the inside and exits to the front of the first light guide member 13.
【００３６】また、前記光学界面１６ａに対して全反射
臨界角より小さい入射角で入射した光は、この光学界面
１６ａを透過し、背面方向に屈折して第２の導光部材１
５に入射する。Light incident on the optical interface 16a at an angle of incidence smaller than the critical angle for total reflection passes through the optical interface 16a, is refracted in the rear direction, and is refracted in the second direction.
5 is incident.
【００３７】一方、前記溝状凹部１４の一側方向に傾い
た方向から入射し、第１の導光部材１３内を背面方向に
向かって透過する光のうち、前記溝状凹部１４に向かう
入射光のほとんどは、前記一方の光学界面１６ａまたは
凹部底面の透過面１６ｃに入射し、その光のうち、前記
一方の光学界面１６ａに対して全反射臨界角より大きい
入射角で入射した光は、図示しないが、この光学界面１
６ａで全反射されて第１の導光部材１３の背面と反射部
材１２の接する面に向かい、第１の導光部材１３の背面
から反射部材１２の反射面１２ａに入射して反射され
る。On the other hand, of the light incident from the direction inclined to one side of the groove-shaped recess 14 and transmitted through the inside of the first light guide member 13 toward the back, the light incident toward the groove-shaped recess 14 is incident. Most of the light is incident on the one optical interface 16a or the transmission surface 16c of the bottom of the concave portion, and of the light, the light incident on the one optical interface 16a at an incident angle larger than the critical angle for total reflection is: Although not shown, this optical interface 1
The light is totally reflected at 6a, goes to the surface where the back surface of the first light guide member 13 and the reflection member 12 are in contact, and enters the reflection surface 12a of the reflection member 12 from the back surface of the first light guide member 13 and is reflected.
【００３８】この反射光は、第１の導光部材１３内を前
面方向に進み、その光のうち、垂直方向に近い方向に向
かう光は、そのまま第１の導光部材１３の前面に出射
し、斜め方向に向かう光は、反対側の光学界面１６ｂに
入射して、その光のうちの前記光学界面１６ｂに対して
全反射臨界角より大きい入射角で入射した光は、この光
学界面１６ｂで全反射されて第１の導光部材１３の前面
に出射し、前記光学界面１６ｂに対して全反射臨界角よ
り小さい入射角で入射した光は、この光学界面１６ｂを
透過し、背面方向に屈折して第２の導光部材１５に入射
する。The reflected light travels inside the first light guide member 13 in the front direction, and of the light, the light traveling in the direction close to the vertical direction is emitted to the front surface of the first light guide member 13 as it is. The light traveling in the oblique direction is incident on the optical interface 16b on the opposite side, and the light incident on the optical interface 16b at an incident angle larger than the critical angle for total reflection is incident on the optical interface 16b. Light that is totally reflected and exits from the front surface of the first light guide member 13 and enters the optical interface 16b at an incident angle smaller than the critical angle for total reflection passes through the optical interface 16b and is refracted in the rear direction. Then, the light enters the second light guide member 15.
【００３９】また、前記溝状凹部１４に向かう入射光の
うちの前記一方の光学界面１６ａに対して全反射臨界角
より小さい入射角で入射した光は、図のように、この光
学界面１６ａを透過し、背面方向に屈折して第２の導光
部材１５に入射する。As shown in the figure, light incident on the one optical interface 16a at an incident angle smaller than the critical angle for total reflection out of the incident light directed to the groove-shaped concave portion 14 passes through the optical interface 16a as shown in FIG. The light is transmitted, refracted in the rear direction, and enters the second light guide member 15.
【００４０】さらに、前記溝状凹部１４に向かう入射光
のうちの凹部底面の透過面１６ｃに入射する光は、図示
しないが、前記透過面１６ｃを透過し、背面方向に屈折
して第２の導光部材１５に入射する。Further, although not shown, the light incident on the transmission surface 16c on the bottom surface of the concave portion of the incident light directed toward the groove-shaped concave portion 14 is transmitted through the transmission surface 16c and refracted in the rear direction to form the second light. The light enters the light guide member 15.
【００４１】なお、前記光学界面１６ａ，１６ｂおよび
透過面１６ｃを透過して第２の導光部材１５に入射する
光が背面方向に屈折するのは、前記光学界面１６ａ，１
６ｂおよび透過面１６ｃが光の入射方向に対して傾斜し
ているとともに、前記第２の導光部材１５の屈折率が第
１の導光部材１３の屈折率より小さいためである。The reason that the light passing through the optical interfaces 16a and 16b and the transmitting surface 16c and entering the second light guide member 15 is refracted in the back direction is that the optical interfaces 16a and 16a
6b and the transmission surface 16c are inclined with respect to the light incident direction, and the refractive index of the second light guide member 15 is smaller than the refractive index of the first light guide member 13.
【００４２】前記光学界面１６ａ，１６ｂおよび透過面
１６ｃを透過して第２の導光部材１５に入射した光は、
この第２の導光部材１５の背面から反射部材１２の反射
面１２ａに入射して反射され、前記第２の導光部材１５
内を前面方向に向かって進んで、前記光学界面１６ａ，
１６ｂのいずれか、または前記透過面１６ｃに入射す
る。The light transmitted through the optical interfaces 16a and 16b and the transmission surface 16c and incident on the second light guide member 15 is
The light from the rear surface of the second light guide member 15 is incident on the reflection surface 12a of the reflection member 12 and is reflected therefrom.
The optical interface 16a,
16b, or the transmission surface 16c.
【００４３】その光のうち、前記光学界面１６ａ，１６
ｂに入射した光は、図示しないが、前記光学界面１６
ａ，１６ｂへの入射角に応じて、全反射されて前面方向
に屈折するか、あるいは前記光学界面１６ａ，１６ｂを
透過し、前面方向に屈折して第１導光部材１３に入射す
る。Of the light, the optical interfaces 16a, 16a
b is incident on the optical interface 16 (not shown).
The light is totally reflected and refracted in the front direction, or is transmitted through the optical interfaces 16a and 16b, refracted in the front direction and enters the first light guide member 13 according to the incident angle to the first and second light guide members 13a and 16b.
【００４４】そして、前面方向に屈折して第１の導光部
材１３に入射した光は、この第１の導光部材１３の前面
に出射し、また、前記光学界面１６ａ，１６ｂで全反射
されて前面方向に屈折した光は、その光学界面１６ｂ，
１６ａとは反対側の光学界面１６ｂ，１６ａに入射する
か、前記透過面１６ｃに入射する。The light refracted in the front direction and incident on the first light guide member 13 exits the front surface of the first light guide member 13 and is totally reflected at the optical interfaces 16a and 16b. The light refracted in the front direction through the optical interface 16b,
The light enters the optical interfaces 16b and 16a on the opposite side to the light transmission surface 16a, or enters the transmission surface 16c.
【００４５】前記反対側の光学界面１６ｂ，１６ａに入
射した光は、前記光学界面１６ｂ，１６ａの入射角に応
じて、全反射されて前面方向に屈折するか、あるいは前
記光学界面１６ｂ，１６ａを透過し、前面方向に屈折し
て第１導光部材１３に入射する。The light incident on the optical interfaces 16b and 16a on the opposite side is totally reflected and refracted toward the front, or is reflected by the optical interfaces 16b and 16a, depending on the incident angle of the optical interfaces 16b and 16a. The light is transmitted, refracted in the front direction, and enters the first light guide member 13.
【００４６】なお、前記溝状凹部１４の両側の光学界面
１６ａ，１６ｂの間での全反射の繰り返しは数回程度で
あり、最終的には、前記光学界面１６ｂ，１６ａに入射
した光のほとんどが、この光学界面１６ａ，１６ｂを透
過し、前面方向に屈折して第１導光部材１３に入射す
る。The total reflection between the optical interfaces 16a and 16b on both sides of the groove-shaped concave portion 14 is repeated about several times, and finally, most of the light incident on the optical interfaces 16b and 16a. Are transmitted through the optical interfaces 16a and 16b, refracted in the front direction, and enter the first light guide member 13.
【００４７】また、光学界面１６ａ，１６ｂで全反射さ
れた光のうちの前記透過面１６ｃに入射する光と、前記
反射部材１２の反射面１２ａで反射された光のうちの前
記透過面１６ｃに入射するは、この透過面１６ｃを透過
し、前面方向に屈折して第１の導光部材１３に入射す
る。Further, of the light totally reflected by the optical interfaces 16a and 16b, the light incident on the transmission surface 16c and the light reflected by the reflection surface 12a of the reflection member 12 are reflected by the transmission surface 16c. The incident light is transmitted through the transmission surface 16c, refracted in the front direction, and is incident on the first light guide member 13.
【００４８】そして、前記光学界面１６ａ，１６ｂおよ
び前記透過面１６ｃを透過して第１の導光部材１３に入
射した光は、この第１の導光部材１３内を前面方向に透
過し、その前面に出射する。The light that has passed through the optical interfaces 16a and 16b and the transmitting surface 16c and has entered the first light guide member 13 passes through the inside of the first light guide member 13 in the front direction. The light is emitted to the front.
【００４９】このように、上記指向性反射板１１は、第
１の導光部材１３の前面から入射した特定の方向からの
入射光および反射部材１２で反射された光を、前記第１
の導光部材１３と第２の導光部材１５との界面である光
学界面１６ａ，１６ｂおよび透過面１６ｃで屈折させて
特定の方向に集光し、前記第１の導光部材１３の前面か
ら、前記特定の方向に集光した反射光を、前記入射光の
入射角度範囲より小さい広がり角で出射する。As described above, the directional reflector 11 reflects the light incident on the front surface of the first light guide member 13 from a specific direction and the light reflected by the reflection member 12 to the first light guide member 13.
The light is refracted by the optical interfaces 16a, 16b and the transmission surface 16c, which are the interfaces between the light guide member 13 and the second light guide member 15, and is condensed in a specific direction. The reflected light condensed in the specific direction is emitted at a spread angle smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light.
【００５０】この指向性反射板１１の反射光の出射方向
は、上述したように、前記第１および第２の導光部材１
３，１５の屈折率と、前記両側の光学界面１６ａ，１６
ｂの傾き角度θ１，θ２とによって決まるため、これら
を適切に選ぶことにより、指向性反射板１１の正面方
向、つまり第１の導光部材１３の前面に垂直な方向の近
傍に光を出射することができる。The direction of emission of the reflected light from the directional reflector 11 is, as described above, the direction of the first and second light guide members 1.
3, 15 and the optical interfaces 16a, 16 on both sides.
b is determined by the inclination angles θ1 and θ2. By appropriately selecting these, light is emitted in the front direction of the directional reflection plate 11, that is, in the vicinity of the direction perpendicular to the front surface of the first light guide member 13. be able to.
【００５１】なお、図２には、第１の導光部材１３の前
面の垂線に対して前記溝状凹部１４の右側方向に傾いた
方向から入射した光の経路を示したが、前記指向性反射
板１１は、前記溝状凹部１４の左側方向から入射する光
に対しても、ほぼ同様な集光作用を示す。FIG. 2 shows the path of light incident from a direction inclined to the right of the groove-shaped recess 14 with respect to a perpendicular to the front surface of the first light guide member 13. The reflecting plate 11 exhibits substantially the same light-condensing function even for light incident from the left side of the groove-shaped concave portion 14.
【００５２】そして、この実施例では、上記指向性反射
板１１を、図１および図２に示したように、前記溝状凹
部１４の両側の光学界面１６ａ，１６ｂのうちの一方の
光学界面（この実施例では、反射部材１２の反射面１２
ａの垂線に対する傾き角度が小さい角度θ２である方の
光学界面）１６ａを、表示装置の主な外光取り込み方向
である表示パネル１０の表示画面（以下、画面）の上縁
側（図２において右側）に向け、他方の光学界面（この
実施例では、反射部材１２の反射面１２ａの垂線に対す
る傾き角度が大きい角度θ１である方の光学界面）１６
ｂを、表示の観察方向である画面の下縁側（図２におい
て左側）に向けて、表示パネル１０の背後に配置してい
る。In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the directional reflector 11 is connected to one of the optical interfaces 16a and 16b on both sides of the groove-shaped recess 14. In this embodiment, the reflection surface 12 of the reflection member 12 is used.
The optical interface 16a having the smaller inclination angle θ2 with respect to the perpendicular to the vertical line a is positioned on the upper edge side (the right side in FIG. 2) of the display screen (hereinafter, screen) of the display panel 10 which is the main external light capturing direction of the display device. ), The other optical interface (in this embodiment, the optical interface having a larger inclination angle θ1 with respect to the perpendicular of the reflection surface 12a of the reflection member 12) 16
b is disposed behind the display panel 10 toward the lower edge side (left side in FIG. 2) of the screen, which is the display observation direction.
【００５３】次に、前記表示パネル１０の背面と前記指
向性反射板１１との間に配置された光制御板１７につい
て説明すると、この光制御板１７は、特定の方向から所
定の角度範囲内の入射角で入射した光を所定の広がり方
向に散乱して出射するものであり、この実施例では、散
乱光の主な広がり方向が一方向であるものを用いてい
る。Next, the light control plate 17 disposed between the back surface of the display panel 10 and the directional reflector 11 will be described. The light control plate 17 is located within a predetermined angle range from a specific direction. Is scattered in a predetermined spreading direction and emitted, and this embodiment uses one in which the main spreading direction of the scattered light is one direction.
【００５４】図３〜図５は上記光制御板１７のいくつか
の例を示す断面図であり、図３に示した光制御板１７
は、特定の方向から所定の角度範囲内の入射角で入射し
た光を散乱させる選択散乱特性を有する光学フィルム
（以下、選択散乱フィルムという）１８からなってい
る。FIGS. 3 to 5 are cross-sectional views showing some examples of the light control plate 17, and the light control plate 17 shown in FIG.
Consists of an optical film (hereinafter, referred to as a selective scattering film) 18 having a selective scattering characteristic for scattering light incident from a specific direction at an incident angle within a predetermined angle range.
【００５５】すなわち、図３に示した選択散乱フィルム
１８は、このフィルム１８を透過する光のうち、フィル
ム面の垂線Ｈに対し、特定の方向に傾いた方向から所定
の角度範囲α内の入射角で入射する光に対して散乱性を
示し、前記特定の方向からの他の入射角の入射光および
他の方向からの入射光に対してはほとんど散乱性を示さ
ない選択散乱特性を有している。That is, in the selective scattering film 18 shown in FIG. 3, the light transmitted through this film 18 is incident within a predetermined angle range α from a direction inclined in a specific direction with respect to a perpendicular H of the film surface. Shows scattering properties for light incident at an angle, and has selective scattering properties that show little scattering properties for incident light at other angles of incidence from the specific direction and incident light from other directions. ing.
【００５６】この選択散乱フィルム１８からなる光制御
板１７は、その一方の面から入射して他方の面に出射す
る光に対しても、前記他方の面から入射して前記一方の
面に出射する光に対しても同じ選択散乱特性を示し、前
記特定の方向から所定の角度範囲α内の入射角で入射し
た光が、図に矢線で示すように散乱されて出射し、前記
特定の方向からの他の入射角の入射光および他の方向か
らの入射光は、図に矢線で示すようにほとんど散乱する
ことなく出射する。この選択散乱フィルム１８による散
乱光の広がり方向は、フィルム面の垂線Ｈの付近から、
散乱する光の入射方向の延長線方向に傾いた方向であ
る。The light control plate 17 made of the selective scattering film 18 also receives light from one surface and emits light to the other surface, and also emits light from the other surface and emits light to the one surface. The same selective scattering characteristic is also exhibited for light that is incident, light incident at an incident angle within a predetermined angle range α from the specific direction is scattered and emitted as shown by an arrow in the drawing, and the specific light is emitted. The incident light at another incident angle from the direction and the incident light from the other direction exit with little scattering as shown by the arrow in the figure. The spread direction of the scattered light by the selective scattering film 18 is from near the perpendicular H of the film surface.
This is a direction inclined in the direction of the extension of the incident direction of the scattered light.
【００５７】図４に示した光制御板１７は、ルーバー状
の光学フィルム（以下、ルーバーフィルムという）１９
からなっている。このルーバーフィルム１９は、無色の
透明樹脂等からなる横長な透光層２０を、白色の透明樹
脂等からなる薄膜状の散乱層２１を境界層として複数列
互いに平行に形成したものであり、各透光層２０の両側
面と前記散乱層２１との界面はそれぞれ、フィルム面の
垂線に対して一方向に所定角度傾いた、互いに平行な傾
斜面となっている。The light control plate 17 shown in FIG. 4 is a louver-shaped optical film (hereinafter referred to as a louver film) 19.
Consists of The louver film 19 is formed by forming a horizontally long light-transmitting layer 20 made of a colorless transparent resin or the like in a plurality of rows parallel to each other with a thin-film scattering layer 21 made of a white transparent resin or the like as a boundary layer. The interfaces between both sides of the light transmitting layer 20 and the scattering layer 21 are inclined surfaces parallel to each other and inclined at a predetermined angle in one direction with respect to a perpendicular to the film surface.
【００５８】このルーバーフィルム１９からなる光制御
板１７は、その一方の面から入射して他方の面に出射す
る光に対しても、前記他方の面から入射して前記一方の
面に出射する光に対しても同じ散乱特性を示し、前記透
光層２０をその両側面と散乱層２１との界面の傾き方向
に沿って透過する光は、図に矢線で示すようにほとんど
散乱することなく出射し、ルーバーフィルム１９を透過
する過程で前記散乱層２１に入射する光が、図に矢線で
示すように散乱されて出射する。この散乱光の広がり方
向は、フィルム面の垂線の付近から、散乱する光の入射
方向の延長線方向に傾いた方向である。The light control plate 17 made of the louver film 19 also enters the light from one surface of the light control plate 17 and emits the light to the other surface. Light that exhibits the same scattering characteristics with respect to light and that transmits through the light-transmitting layer 20 along the direction of inclination of the interface between the both sides and the scattering layer 21 is almost scattered as indicated by the arrow in the figure. In the process of passing through the louver film 19, the light incident on the scattering layer 21 is scattered and emitted as shown by the arrow in the figure. The direction of spread of the scattered light is a direction inclined from the vicinity of the perpendicular to the film surface in the direction of the extension of the incident direction of the scattered light.
【００５９】図５に示した光制御板１７は、図４に示し
たルーバーフィルム１９と同様な構成を有する前後２枚
のルーバーフィルム１９ａ，１９ｂからなっている。こ
の２枚のルーバーフィルム１９ａ，１９ｂのうち、後側
のルーバーフィルム１９ａの各透光層２０ａの両側面と
散乱層２１ａとの界面の傾き角は、図４に示したルーバ
ーフィルム１９と同程度に設定されており、前側のルー
バーフィルム１９ｂの各透光層２０ｂの両側面と散乱層
２１ｂとの界面の傾き角は、前記後側のルーバーフィル
ム１９ａの前記界面の傾き角よりも小さく（フィルム面
の垂線に近く）設定されている。The light control plate 17 shown in FIG. 5 includes two front and rear louver films 19a and 19b having the same structure as the louver film 19 shown in FIG. Of the two louver films 19a and 19b, the inclination angle of the interface between the scattering layer 21a and both sides of each translucent layer 20a of the rear louver film 19a is substantially the same as that of the louver film 19 shown in FIG. The angle of inclination of the interface between the scattering layer 21b and both sides of each translucent layer 20b of the front louver film 19b is smaller than the angle of inclination of the interface of the rear louver film 19a (film (Close to the surface normal).
【００６０】そして、前記２枚のルーバーフィルム１９
ａ，１９ｂは、それぞれの散乱光の主な広がり方向（フ
ィルム面の垂線の付近から、散乱する光の入射方向の延
長線方向に傾いた方向）を互いにほぼ平行にして積層さ
れている。なお、図５では前記２枚のルーバーフィルム
１９ａ，１９ｂを間隔をおいて示したが、これらのルー
バーフィルム１９ａ，１９ｂは、透明な粘着剤または両
面粘着シートにより貼り合わされている。Then, the two louver films 19 are used.
Reference numerals a and 19b are stacked such that the main spread directions of the respective scattered lights (directions inclined from the vicinity of the perpendicular to the film surface in the direction of the extension of the incident direction of the scattered light) are substantially parallel to each other. In FIG. 5, the two louver films 19a and 19b are shown at an interval, but these louver films 19a and 19b are bonded with a transparent adhesive or a double-sided adhesive sheet.
【００６１】この２枚のルーバーフィルム１９ａ，１９
ｂからなる光制御板１７は、その一方の面から入射して
他方の面に出射する光に対しても、前記他方の面から入
射して前記一方の面に出射する光に対してもほぼ同様な
散乱特性を示し、両方のルーバーフィルム１９ａ，１９
ｂの透光層２０ａ，２０ａをそれぞれその両側面と前記
散乱層２１ａ，２１ｂとの界面の傾き方向に沿って透過
する光は、図に矢線で示すようにほとんど散乱すること
なく出射し、２枚のルーバーフィルム１９ａ，１９ｂを
透過する過程で一方または両方のルーバーフィルム１９
ａ，１９ｂの散乱層２１ａ，２１ｂに入射する光が、図
に矢線で示すように散乱されて出射する。The two louver films 19a, 19
The light control plate 17 made of b has almost the same effect on light that enters from one surface and exits on the other surface, and on light that enters from the other surface and exits on one surface. The louver films 19a and 19b exhibit similar scattering characteristics.
The light transmitted through the translucent layers 20a, 20a in the direction of inclination of the interface between the both sides and the scattering layers 21a, 21b respectively is emitted with little scattering as shown by the arrow in the figure. In the process of passing through two louver films 19a and 19b, one or both louver films 19a and 19b are transmitted.
Light incident on the scattering layers 21a and 21b a and 19b is scattered and emitted as shown by arrows in the figure.
【００６２】なお、図５に示した光制御板１７は、２枚
のルーバーフィルム１９ａ，１９ｂを積層したものであ
るが、この積層型の光制御板１７は、前記各透光層の両
側面と散乱層との界面の傾き角が互いに異なる３枚以上
のルーバーフィルムをそれぞれの透光層の長さ方向を互
いにほぼ平行にして積層したものでもよい。The light control plate 17 shown in FIG. 5 is formed by laminating two louver films 19a and 19b, and the laminated light control plate 17 is provided on both sides of each light transmitting layer. The three or more louver films having different inclination angles of the interface between the light-transmitting layer and the scattering layer may be laminated such that the length directions of the respective light-transmitting layers are substantially parallel to each other.
【００６３】さらに、この積層型の光制御板１７は、図
３に示したような選択散乱特性を有するものであって、
散乱光となる光の入射角度範囲が互いに異なる複数枚の
選択散乱フィルム１８を、それぞれの散乱光の広がり方
向を互いにほぼ平行して積層したものでもよく、また、
前記選択散乱フィルム１８と図４に示したようなルーバ
ーフィルム１９とを、それぞれの散乱光の広がり方向を
互いにほぼ平行して積層したものでもよい。Further, the laminated type light control plate 17 has a selective scattering characteristic as shown in FIG.
A plurality of selective scattering films 18 having different incident angle ranges of light to be scattered light may be stacked such that the directions of spread of the respective scattered lights are substantially parallel to each other.
The selective scattering film 18 and the louver film 19 as shown in FIG. 4 may be laminated such that the directions of spread of the respective scattered lights are substantially parallel to each other.
【００６４】上記図３〜図５に示したいずれかの光制御
板１７は、図１および図２に示すように、その一方の面
（図５に示した光学フィルム２２の場合は後側のルーバ
ーフィルム１９ａの背面）を上記指向性反射板１１の前
面に対向させ、他方の面（図５に示した光学フィルム２
２の場合は前側のルーバーフィルム１９ｂの前面）を表
示パネル１０の背面に対向させるとともに、前記表示パ
ネル１０の背面に対向する面（以下、光制御板１７の前
面という）に出射する前記散乱光の主な広がり方向を特
定の方向に向けて配置されている。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, one of the light control plates 17 shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 has one surface (the rear surface in the case of the optical film 22 shown in FIG. 5). The back surface of the louver film 19a faces the front surface of the directional reflector 11, and the other surface (the optical film 2 shown in FIG. 5).
In the case of No. 2, the scattered light emitted to the surface facing the back surface of the display panel 10 (hereinafter, referred to as the front surface of the light control plate 17) while facing the front surface of the louver film 19b on the front side to the back surface of the display panel 10. Are arranged so that the main spreading direction is directed to a specific direction.
【００６５】この実施例では、前記指向性反射板１１を
画面に対して、上縁側方向から入射する光の入射角度範
囲を小さくして下縁側方向に出射するように配置し、前
記指向性反射板１１と表示パネル１０との間の前記光制
御板１７を、この光制御板１７による散乱光の主な広が
り方向を、表示装置の画面（表示パネル１０の前面）に
垂直な方向に対して前記画面の下縁側に傾いた方向に向
けて配置している。In this embodiment, the directional reflection plate 11 is arranged such that the incident angle range of light incident from the upper edge side with respect to the screen is reduced and the light is emitted toward the lower edge side. The light control plate 17 between the plate 11 and the display panel 10 is set so that the main spread direction of the scattered light by the light control plate 17 is changed with respect to the direction perpendicular to the screen of the display device (the front surface of the display panel 10). The screen is arranged in a direction inclined toward the lower edge side of the screen.
【００６６】すなわち、この光制御板１７は、表示装置
の主な外光取り込み方向である画面の上縁側（図２にお
いて右側）に向け、光制御板１７にその背面から入射し
て前面に出射する光のうちの散乱光の主な広がり方向
を、表示の観察方向である画面の下縁側（図２において
左側）に向けて、表示パネル１０の背後に配置されてい
る。この光制御板１７は、前記指向性反射板１１の前面
（第１の導光部材１３の前面）に、図示しない透明な粘
着剤または両面粘着シートにより貼り付けられている。That is, the light control plate 17 enters the light control plate 17 from the back and emits it to the front toward the upper edge side (right side in FIG. 2) of the screen, which is the main external light capturing direction of the display device. It is arranged behind the display panel 10 such that the main spread direction of the scattered light of the generated light is directed to the lower edge side (left side in FIG. 2) of the screen, which is the display observation direction. The light control plate 17 is attached to the front surface of the directional reflection plate 11 (the front surface of the first light guide member 13) with a transparent adhesive or a double-sided adhesive sheet (not shown).
【００６７】この表示装置は、前記透過型表示パネル１
０の前方から入射する自然光や室内光などの外光を、前
記表示パネル１０の背面に対向させて配置された前記指
向性反射板１１により反射し、その反射光で前記表示パ
ネル１０を背面から照明して表示するものであり、前方
から入射した外光は、前記表示パネル１０と、この表示
パネル１０の背面と前記指向性反射板１１との間に配置
された前記光制御板１７とを順に透過して前記指向性反
射板１１により反射され、その反射光が、前記光制御板
１７と前記表示パネル１０とを順に透過して前方に出射
する。This display device is composed of the transmission type display panel 1 described above.
0 is reflected by the directional reflector 11 disposed opposite to the back surface of the display panel 10, and the display panel 10 is reflected from the back surface by the reflected light. External light incident from the front illuminates and displays the display panel 10 and the light control plate 17 disposed between the back surface of the display panel 10 and the directional reflector 11. The light is sequentially transmitted and reflected by the directional reflection plate 11, and the reflected light is transmitted through the light control plate 17 and the display panel 10 and emitted forward.
【００６８】この場合、外光は、主に画面の上縁側から
取り込まれるが、上記表示装置では、前記光制御板１７
が、その前面から入射して背面に出射する光のうちの散
乱せずに出射する光の入射方向を、表示装置の主な外光
取り込み方向である画面の上縁側に向け、光制御板１７
にその背面から入射して前面に出射する光のうちの散乱
光の主な広がり方向を、表示の観察方向である画面の下
縁側に向けて配置されているため、前記表示パネル１０
にその前方から入射し、この表示パネル１０を透過して
前記光制御板１７に入射した光は、図２に矢線で示すよ
うに、ほとんど拡散することなく光制御板１７を透過し
て前記指向性反射板１１にその前面から入射する。In this case, the external light is mainly taken in from the upper edge of the screen.
The light control plate 17 directs the incident direction of light, which is emitted from the front surface and emitted to the rear surface without scattering, toward the upper edge side of the screen, which is the main external light capturing direction of the display device.
The main spread direction of the scattered light of the light incident from the back surface and emitted to the front surface is directed toward the lower edge side of the screen, which is the viewing direction of the display.
The light incident on the light control plate 17 after passing through the display panel 10 and incident on the light control plate 17 is transmitted through the light control plate 17 with almost no diffusion as shown by arrows in FIG. The light enters the directional reflector 11 from its front surface.
【００６９】そして、上記表示装置では、上述したよう
な集光作用を有する指向性反射板１１を、その第１の導
光部材１３の溝状凹部１４の両側の光学界面１６ａ，１
６ｂのうちの一方の光学界面１６ａを、主な外光取り込
み方向である画面の上縁側に向け、他方の光学界面１６
ｂを表示の観察方向である画面の下縁側に向けて配置し
ているため、主な外光取り込み方向である画面の上縁側
から入射し、前記光制御板１７を透過して指向性反射板
１１に入射した光が、この指向性反射板１１により集光
され、前記入射光の入射角度範囲より小さい広がり角の
高輝度の光となって前記表示パネル１０の背面に向けて
反射される。この指向性反射板１１の反射光の出射方向
は、上述したように、指向性反射板１１の正面方向であ
る。In the display device, the directional reflection plate 11 having the light condensing function as described above is connected to the optical interfaces 16 a, 1 on both sides of the groove-shaped recess 14 of the first light guide member 13.
6b is directed toward the upper edge of the screen, which is the main external light capturing direction, and the other optical interface 16a
Since b is arranged toward the lower edge of the screen, which is the viewing direction of the display, the light enters from the upper edge of the screen, which is the main external light capturing direction, passes through the light control plate 17, and passes through the directional reflector. Light incident on the display panel 11 is condensed by the directional reflector 11, becomes high-brightness light having a spread angle smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light, and is reflected toward the back surface of the display panel 10. The emission direction of the reflected light from the directional reflector 11 is the front direction of the directional reflector 11 as described above.
【００７０】なお、表示装置にその画面の前方から入射
する外光は、その主な入射方向である画面の上縁側から
だけでなく、画面の左右方向などからも入射するが、こ
れらの方向からの入射光も、前記指向性反射板１１の光
学界面１６ａ，１６ｂおよび透過面１６ｃにより屈折さ
れ、ある程度集光されて主に正面方向に出射する。The external light that enters the display device from the front of the screen is incident not only from the upper edge side of the screen, which is the main direction of incidence, but also from the left and right directions of the screen. Is refracted by the optical interfaces 16a and 16b and the transmission surface 16c of the directional reflection plate 11, is condensed to some extent, and is emitted mainly in the front direction.
【００７１】前記指向性反射板１１を出射した反射光
は、前記光制御板１７にその背面から入射し、その光の
うち、この光制御板１７に対して特定の方向から所定の
角度範囲内の入射角で入射した光が、所定の広がり方向
に散乱して光制御板１７の前面に出射し、前記特定の方
向からの他の入射角の入射光および他の方向からの入射
光は、ほとんど散乱することなく光制御板１７の前面に
出射する。The reflected light emitted from the directional reflection plate 11 is incident on the light control plate 17 from the back thereof, and of the light within a predetermined angle range from the specific direction with respect to the light control plate 17. Light incident at an incident angle is scattered in a predetermined spreading direction and is emitted to the front surface of the light control plate 17, and the incident light at another incident angle from the specific direction and the incident light from another direction are: The light is emitted to the front surface of the light control plate 17 with almost no scattering.
【００７２】そして、前記光制御板１７の前面に出射し
た光は、表示パネル１０にその背面から入射し、この表
示パネル１０を透過して前方に出射して、表示画像とし
て観察される。The light emitted to the front of the light control plate 17 enters the display panel 10 from the back, passes through the display panel 10 and is emitted forward, and is observed as a display image.
【００７３】この表示装置においては、上述したよう
に、前記指向性反射板１１が、特定の方向からの入射光
を所定の方向に集光して前記入射光の入射角度範囲より
小さい広がり角の反射光を表示パネル１０の背面に向け
て出射し、また、前記光制御板１７が、特定の方向から
所定の角度範囲内の入射角で入射した透過光を所定の広
がり方向に散乱して出射するため、前記指向性反射板１
１により反射された前記所定の方向に出射する光の輝度
が高くなった光が前記光制御板１７を経て前記表示パネ
ル１０にその背面からに入射するとともに、その光のう
ちの前記光制御板１７に特定の方向から所定の角度範囲
内の入射角で入射した光が所定の広がり方向に散乱した
光となって前記表示パネル１０に入射する。In this display device, as described above, the directional reflection plate 11 condenses incident light from a specific direction in a predetermined direction and has a spread angle smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light. The reflected light is emitted toward the back surface of the display panel 10, and the light control plate 17 scatters and emits the transmitted light incident at an incident angle within a predetermined angle range from a specific direction in a predetermined spreading direction. The directional reflector 1
The light, which is reflected by 1 and emitted in the predetermined direction and whose brightness is increased, enters the display panel 10 via the light control plate 17 from the back thereof, and includes the light control plate of the light. Light incident on the display panel 17 from a specific direction at an incident angle within a predetermined angle range becomes light scattered in a predetermined spread direction and is incident on the display panel 10.
【００７４】したがって、この表示装置によれば、前記
指向性反射板１１による光の集光方向と、前記光制御板
１７による拡散光の広がり方向とを、表示の観察方向に
応じて選ぶことにより、特定の方向から観察される表示
を充分に明るくし、しかも視野角を広くすることができ
る。Therefore, according to this display device, the direction of condensing light by the directional reflector 11 and the direction of spread of diffused light by the light control plate 17 are selected according to the viewing direction of display. In addition, the display viewed from a specific direction can be made sufficiently bright, and the viewing angle can be widened.
【００７５】すなわち、反射型の表示装置は、その画面
の上縁側から主に外光を取り込むように、前面画面に垂
直な方向に対して画面の上縁側に傾いた方向を明るい外
光が得られる方向に向けて使用され、その表示は、正面
方向、つまり画面に垂直な方向の付近、あるいは垂直方
向よりやや画面の下縁側に傾いた方向の付近から観察さ
れるの普通である。That is, in the reflection type display device, bright external light is obtained in a direction inclined to the upper edge of the screen with respect to a direction perpendicular to the front screen so that the external light is mainly taken in from the upper edge of the screen. The display is usually viewed from the front, that is, in the vicinity of a direction perpendicular to the screen, or in a direction slightly inclined to the lower edge of the screen from the vertical direction.
【００７６】そして、この実施例では、上述したよう
に、前記指向性反射板１１の第１および第２の導光部材
１３，１５の屈折率と、溝状凹部１４の両側の光学界面
１６ａ，１６ｂの傾き角度θ２，θ１とを選ぶことによ
り、この指向性反射板１１からの光の出射方向を正面方
向に設定しているため、前記指向性反射板１１を出射す
る光は正面輝度の高い光である。In this embodiment, as described above, the refractive indices of the first and second light guide members 13 and 15 of the directional reflector 11 and the optical interfaces 16a and 16a on both sides of the groove-shaped concave portion 14 are provided. By selecting the inclination angles θ2 and θ1 of 16b, the emission direction of the light from the directional reflector 11 is set to the front direction, so that the light emitted from the directional reflector 11 has high front luminance. Light.
【００７７】また、この実施例では、前記光制御板１７
を、この光制御板１７による散乱光の主な広がり方向を
表示パネルの画面（前面）に垂直な方向に対して前記画
面の下縁側に傾いた方向に向けて配置しているため、画
面の下縁側方向に視野角を広げることができる。In this embodiment, the light control plate 17
Are arranged so that the main spread direction of the scattered light by the light control plate 17 is directed to a direction inclined to the lower edge side of the screen with respect to a direction perpendicular to the screen (front surface) of the display panel. The viewing angle can be widened toward the lower edge.
【００７８】すなわち、図１および図２において、二点
鎖線で示した面Ａは、画面に垂直で前記画面の上下方向
に沿った仮想面であり、上記実施例の表示装置では、図
に矢線で示したように、画面の垂線に対して画面の上縁
側に傾いた方向から前記仮想面Ａに沿って入射し、表示
パネル１０と光制御板１７を透過して指向性反射板１１
に入射した光が、前記指向性反射板１１により正面方向
に集光されて反射され、さらに前記光制御板１７の光の
入射角に応じた散乱作用により画面の垂線付近から画面
の下縁側に傾いた方向に前記仮想面Ａに沿って広がる散
乱光となって表示パネル１０にその裏面から入射して、
この表示パネル１０の前面に出射する。That is, in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plane A indicated by a two-dot chain line is a virtual plane that is perpendicular to the screen and extends along the vertical direction of the screen. As shown by the line, the light is incident along the virtual plane A from a direction inclined toward the upper edge of the screen with respect to the vertical line of the screen, passes through the display panel 10 and the light control plate 17, and passes through the directional reflection plate 11.
Incident on the screen is condensed and reflected in the front direction by the directional reflector 11, and furthermore, from the vicinity of the vertical line of the screen to the lower edge of the screen due to the scattering action of the light control plate 17 according to the incident angle of light. As scattered light spreading along the virtual surface A in the inclined direction, the scattered light enters the display panel 10 from the back surface thereof,
The light is emitted to the front of the display panel 10.
【００７９】なお、図１および図２には、前記仮想面Ａ
に沿った方向から入射する光の経路だけを矢線で示した
が、外光は、その主な入射方向である画面の上縁側から
だけでなく、画面の左右方向などからも入射し、これら
の方向からの入射光も、上述したように前記指向性反射
板１１によりある程度集光されて主に正面方向に反射さ
れ、前記光制御板１７への入射角に応じて散乱するかま
たは散乱せずに表示パネル１０にその裏面から入射し
て、この表示パネル１０の前面に出射する。Note that FIG. 1 and FIG.
Only the path of light incident from the direction along the arrow is indicated by an arrow, but external light is incident not only from the upper edge side of the screen, which is the main incident direction, but also from the horizontal direction of the screen, etc. Is also condensed to some extent by the directional reflector 11 and reflected mainly in the front direction as described above, and is scattered or scattered depending on the angle of incidence on the light control plate 17. Instead, the light enters the display panel 10 from the back surface and exits to the front surface of the display panel 10.
【００８０】しかも、上記表示装置によれば、前記指向
性反射板１１により反射された反射光が、所定方向に集
光された光であり、しかもその光のうちの前記光制御板
１７に特定の方向から所定の角度範囲内の入射角で入射
した光が所定の広がり方向に散乱するため、観察者の顔
やその背景等が前記指向性反射板１１の反射部材１２の
反射面１２ａに映って見えるいわゆる外景の映り込みを
生じて、表示が見づらくなってしまうようなことはな
い。Further, according to the display device, the reflected light reflected by the directional reflector 11 is light condensed in a predetermined direction, and the light reflected to the light control plate 17 is specified. The light incident at an incident angle within a predetermined angle range from the direction is scattered in a predetermined spread direction, so that the observer's face and its background are reflected on the reflection surface 12a of the reflection member 12 of the directional reflection plate 11. There is no possibility that the so-called outside scene is reflected and the display becomes hard to see.
【００８１】図６はこの発明の第２の実施例を示す表示
装置の分解斜視図であり、この実施例の表示装置は、前
記指向性反射板１１を画面に対して、上縁側方向から入
射する光の入射角度範囲を小さくして下縁側方向に出射
するように配置し、前記指向性反射板１１と表示パネル
１０との間の前記光制御板１７を、この光制御板１７に
よる散乱光の主な広がり方向を画面に垂直な方向に対し
て前記画面の側縁側（図では左側縁側）に傾いた方向に
向けて配置したものである。なお、この実施例は、前記
光制御板１７の配置状態が異なるだけで、他の構成は上
述した第１の実施例と同じであるから、重複する説明は
図に同符号を付して省略する。FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the display device of this embodiment, the directional reflector 11 is incident on a screen from the upper edge side. The light control plate 17 between the directional reflection plate 11 and the display panel 10 is scattered by the light control plate 17. Are arranged in such a manner that the main spread direction is directed to a direction inclined toward a side edge (left side in the figure) of the screen with respect to a direction perpendicular to the screen. This embodiment is the same as the above-described first embodiment except that the arrangement of the light control plate 17 is different. Therefore, duplicate explanations are omitted by attaching the same reference numerals to the drawings. I do.
【００８２】この実施例によれば、前記光制御板１７
を、この光制御板１７による散乱光の主な広がり方向を
画面に垂直な方向に対して前記画面の側縁側に傾いた方
向に向けて配置しているため、画面の横方向に視野角を
広げることができる。According to this embodiment, the light control plate 17
Are arranged so that the main spread direction of the scattered light by the light control plate 17 is directed to the direction inclined to the side edge of the screen with respect to the direction perpendicular to the screen, so that the viewing angle is set in the horizontal direction of the screen. Can be spread.
【００８３】さらに、前記光制御板１７に側縁側に傾い
た方向から入射した光を散乱光とし、前記指向性反射板
１１に入射させることもできるので、前記散乱光のうち
前記指向性反射板１１の前面の上縁側に傾いた方向に散
乱された光が、前記指向性反射板１１により画面の下縁
側に出射されて観察される。Further, light incident on the light control plate 17 from a direction inclined to the side edge can be made into scattered light and incident on the directional reflector 11, so that the directional reflector Light scattered in the direction inclined toward the upper edge of the front surface of the light 11 is emitted to the lower edge of the screen by the directional reflector 11 and observed.
【００８４】したがって、このように前記光制御板１７
を配置することによって、画面の下縁側方向に出射され
る光の光量をより増大させることができる。すなわち、
図６において、二点鎖線で示した面Ａは、画面に垂直で
前記画面の上下方向に沿った仮想面（以下、縦方向仮想
面という）、二点鎖線で示した他の面Ｂは、画面に垂直
で前記画面の左右方向に沿った仮想面（以下、横方向仮
想面という）であり、この実施例の表示装置では、図に
矢線で示したように、画面の垂線に対して画面の上縁側
に傾いた方向（紙面上奥行き方向）から前記縦方向仮想
面Ａに沿って入射し、表示パネル１０と光制御板１７を
透過して指向性反射板１１に入射した光が、前記指向性
反射板１１により正面方向に集光されて反射され、さら
に前記光制御板１７の光の入射角に応じた散乱作用によ
り画面の垂線付近から画面の側縁側に傾いた方向に前記
横方向仮想面Ｂに沿って広がる散乱光となって表示パネ
ル１０にその裏面から入射して、この表示パネル１０の
前面に出射する。Therefore, the light control plate 17
Is arranged, the amount of light emitted toward the lower edge side of the screen can be further increased. That is,
In FIG. 6, a plane A indicated by a two-dot chain line is a virtual plane perpendicular to the screen and along the vertical direction of the screen (hereinafter, referred to as a vertical virtual plane), and another plane B indicated by a two-dot chain line is A virtual plane perpendicular to the screen and along the horizontal direction of the screen (hereinafter, referred to as a horizontal virtual plane). In the display device of this embodiment, as shown by an arrow in the drawing, Light incident along the vertical virtual plane A from a direction inclined toward the upper edge of the screen (a depth direction on the paper), transmitted through the display panel 10 and the light control plate 17, and incident on the directional reflection plate 11 is: The light is condensed and reflected in the front direction by the directional reflector 11, and furthermore, the horizontal direction in a direction inclined from the vicinity of the vertical line of the screen to the side edge of the screen due to the scattering action according to the incident angle of light of the light control plate 17. Scattered light spreading along the virtual surface B in the direction And al incident, emitted to the front surface of the display panel 10.
【００８５】さらに、前記光制御板１７に横方向仮想面
Ｂに沿って入射した光を散乱光とし、前記散乱光のうち
縦方向仮想面Ａに沿って散乱された光が前記指向性反射
板１１に入射して、前記指向性反射板１１により画面の
下縁側方向に出射角度範囲を小さくして出射され、前記
光制御板１７を透過し、表示パネル１０の前面に出射す
る。Further, the light incident on the light control plate 17 along the virtual imaginary plane B is scattered light, and the light scattered along the virtual imaginary plane A among the scattered light is the directional reflector. The light is then emitted by the directional reflector 11 in the direction of the lower edge of the screen with a smaller emission angle range, transmitted through the light control plate 17 and emitted to the front of the display panel 10.
【００８６】したがって、画面の正面方向では、このよ
うに前記光制御板１７を配置することによって、画面の
側縁側から前記光制御板１７に入射する光を散乱させ
て、そのうちの一部を前記指向性反射板１１で反射させ
て画面の下縁側方向に出射される光の光量をより増大さ
せることができる。Therefore, in the front direction of the screen, by arranging the light control plate 17 in this manner, light incident on the light control plate 17 from the side edge of the screen is scattered, and a part of the light is scattered. The amount of light reflected by the directional reflector 11 and emitted toward the lower edge of the screen can be further increased.
【００８７】図７はこの発明の第３の実施例を示す表示
装置の分解斜視図であり、この実施例の表示装置は、表
示パネル１０の背面と指向性反射板１１との間に、散乱
光の主な広がり方向が複数の方向である散乱特性をもっ
た光制御板２２を配置したものである。なお、この実施
例は、前記光制御板２２が異なるだけで、他の構成は上
述した第１の実施例と同じであるから、重複する説明は
図に同符号を付して省略する。FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of a display device showing a third embodiment of the present invention. In the display device of this embodiment, the scattering between the back surface of the display panel 10 and the directional reflector 11 is shown. A light control plate 22 having a scattering characteristic in which the main spread direction of light is a plurality of directions is arranged. This embodiment is the same as the above-described first embodiment except that the light control plate 22 is different. Therefore, duplicate explanations are omitted by attaching the same reference numerals to the drawings.
【００８８】図８は、この第３の実施例において用いる
光制御板２２の一例を示す斜視図であり、この光制御板
２２は、前後２枚のルーバーフィルム２３ａ，２３ｂか
らなっている。FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example of the light control plate 22 used in the third embodiment. This light control plate 22 is composed of two louver films 23a and 23b.
【００８９】この２枚のルーバーフィルム２３ａ，２３
ｂはそれぞれ、無色の透明樹脂等からなる横長な透光層
２４ａ，２４ｂを、白色の透明樹脂等からなる薄膜状の
散乱層２５ａ，２５ｂを境界層として複数列互いに平行
に形成したものであり、各透光層２４ａ，２４ｂの両側
面と前記散乱層２５ａ，２５ｂとの界面はそれぞれ、フ
ィルム面の垂線に対して一方向に所定角度傾いた、互い
に平行な傾斜面となっている。なお、これらのルーバー
フィルム２３ａ，２３ｂはいずれも、図４に示したルー
バーフィルム１９と同様な散乱特性を有するものである
から、その散乱作用については説明を省略する。The two louver films 23a, 23
In each of b, horizontally long translucent layers 24a and 24b made of a colorless transparent resin or the like are formed in a plurality of rows parallel to each other using the thin-film scattering layers 25a and 25b made of a white transparent resin or the like as boundary layers. The interfaces between the side surfaces of each of the light transmitting layers 24a and 24b and the scattering layers 25a and 25b are inclined surfaces that are inclined at a predetermined angle in one direction with respect to the perpendicular to the film surface and are parallel to each other. Since these louver films 23a and 23b have the same scattering characteristics as the louver film 19 shown in FIG. 4, the description of the scattering action is omitted.
【００９０】前記２枚のルーバーフィルム２３ａ，２３
ｂをそれぞれの散乱光の主な広がり方向を互いにほぼ直
交させて積層されている。なお、図８では前記２枚のル
ーバーフィルム２３ａ，２３ｂを間隔をおいて示した
が、これらのルーバーフィルム２３ａ，２３ｂは、透明
な粘着剤または両面粘着シートにより貼り合わされてい
る。The two louver films 23a, 23
b are laminated such that the main spread directions of the respective scattered lights are substantially orthogonal to each other. Although the two louver films 23a and 23b are shown at an interval in FIG. 8, these louver films 23a and 23b are adhered by a transparent adhesive or a double-sided adhesive sheet.
【００９１】そして、この実施例では、前記光制御板１
７を、この光制御板１７を構成する前記２枚のルーバー
フィルム２３ａ，２３ｂのうちの一方のルーバーフィル
ム２３ａによる散乱光の主な広がり方向を画面に垂直な
方向に対して前記画面の斜め左下方向に傾いた方向に向
け、他方のルーバーフィルム２３ｂによる散乱光の主な
広がり方向を画面に垂直な方向に対して前記画面の斜め
右下方向に傾いた方向に向けて配置している。In this embodiment, the light control plate 1
7, the main spread direction of the scattered light by one of the two louver films 23a and 23b constituting the light control plate 17 is set to the lower left diagonal of the screen with respect to the direction perpendicular to the screen. The main louver direction of the scattered light by the other louver film 23b is arranged so as to be inclined downward and to the lower right of the screen with respect to the direction perpendicular to the screen.
【００９２】この実施例の表示装置によれば、前記光制
御板２２による散乱光の主な広がり方向が、画面に垂直
な方向に対して前記画面の斜め左下方向に傾いた方向
と、前記画面の斜め右下方向に傾いた方向との２つの方
向であるため、これらの２つの方向に視野角を広げるこ
とができる。According to the display device of this embodiment, the main spread direction of the scattered light by the light control plate 22 is a direction inclined obliquely to the lower left of the screen with respect to a direction perpendicular to the screen, and , The viewing angle can be increased in these two directions.
【００９３】さらに、前記光制御板１７に入射した光を
散乱光とする方向が２方向あり、これら散乱光を前記指
向性反射板１１に入射させることもできるので、前記複
数の散乱光のうち前記指向性反射板１１の前面の上縁側
に傾いた方向に散乱された光が、前記指向性反射板１１
により画面の下縁側方向に出射されて観察される。Further, there are two directions in which the light incident on the light control plate 17 is used as the scattered light, and these scattered lights can be made incident on the directional reflection plate 11. The light scattered in the direction inclined toward the upper edge of the front surface of the directional reflector 11
Thus, the light is emitted toward the lower edge side of the screen and observed.
【００９４】したがって、このように前記光制御板１７
を配置することによって、画面の下縁側方向に出射され
る光の光量をより増大させることができる。すなわち、
図７において、二点鎖線で示した面Ａは、画面に垂直で
前記画面の上下方向に沿った縦方向仮想面、二点鎖線で
示した他の２つの面Ｃ１，Ｃ２は、画面に垂直で前記縦
方向仮想面Ａに対してほぼ４５°の交差角で斜め左下が
り方向および斜め右下がり方向に交差する斜め方向仮想
面であり、この実施例の表示装置では、図に矢線で示し
たように、画面の垂線に対して画面の上縁側に傾いた方
向から前記縦方向仮想面Ａに沿って入射し、表示パネル
１０と光制御板１７を透過して指向性反射板１１に入射
した光が、前記指向性反射板１１により正面方向に集光
されて反射され、さらに、前記光制御板２２の光の入射
角に応じた散乱作用により、画面の垂線付近から画面の
斜め左下方向に傾いた方向に前記一方の斜め方向仮想面
Ｃ１に沿って広がる散乱光と、画面の斜め右下方向に傾
いた方向に前記他方の斜め方向仮想面Ｃ２に沿って広が
る散乱光となって表示パネル１０にその裏面から入射し
て、この表示パネル１０の前面に出射する。Therefore, the light control plate 17
Is arranged, the amount of light emitted toward the lower edge side of the screen can be further increased. That is,
In FIG. 7, a plane A indicated by a two-dot chain line is a vertical virtual plane perpendicular to the screen and along the vertical direction of the screen, and the other two planes C1 and C2 indicated by the two-dot chain line are perpendicular to the screen. In the display device of this embodiment, the vertical virtual plane A is a diagonal virtual plane that intersects the diagonally lower left direction and diagonally lower right direction at an intersection angle of approximately 45 °. As described above, light is incident along the vertical virtual plane A from a direction inclined toward the upper edge of the screen with respect to the perpendicular of the screen, passes through the display panel 10 and the light control plate 17, and is incident on the directional reflection plate 11. The reflected light is condensed and reflected in the front direction by the directional reflector 11, and furthermore, by a scattering action according to the incident angle of the light of the light control plate 22, the diagonally lower left direction of the screen from near the normal to the screen. Is spread along the one oblique direction virtual plane C1 in the direction inclined to The scattered light and the scattered light that spreads along the other oblique virtual surface C2 in a direction inclined obliquely to the lower right of the screen are incident on the display panel 10 from the rear surface thereof, and are incident on the front surface of the display panel 10. Emit.
【００９５】さらに、前記光制御板１７に斜め方向仮想
面Ｃ１，Ｃ２に沿って入射した光を散乱光とし、前記散
乱光のうち縦方向仮想面Ａに沿って散乱された光が前記
指向性反射板１１に入射して、前記指向性反射板１１に
より画面の下縁側方向に出射角度範囲を小さくして出射
され、前記光制御板１７を透過し、表示パネル１０の前
面に出射する。Further, light incident on the light control plate 17 along the oblique virtual planes C1 and C2 is regarded as scattered light, and the light scattered along the vertical virtual plane A among the scattered light is the directivity. The light enters the reflection plate 11 and is emitted by the directional reflection plate 11 in the direction of the lower edge of the screen with a smaller emission angle range, passes through the light control plate 17 and exits to the front surface of the display panel 10.
【００９６】したがって、画面の正面方向では、このよ
うに前記光制御板１７を配置することによって、画面の
側縁側から前記光制御板１７に入射する光を散乱させ
て、そのうちの一部を前記指向性反射板１１で反射させ
て画面の下縁側方向に出射される光の光量をより増大さ
せることができる。Therefore, in the front direction of the screen, by arranging the light control plate 17 in this way, light incident on the light control plate 17 from the side edge of the screen is scattered, and a part of the light is scattered. The amount of light reflected by the directional reflector 11 and emitted toward the lower edge of the screen can be further increased.
【００９７】なお、図８に示した光制御板２２は、２枚
のルーバーフィルム２３ａ，２３ｂを積層したものであ
るが、この光制御板２２は、図３に示したような選択散
乱特性を有するものであって、散乱光となる光の入射角
度範囲が互いに異なる複数枚の選択散乱フィルム１８
を、それぞれの散乱光の広がり方向を互いにほぼ直交さ
せて積層したものでも、また、前記選択散乱フィルム１
８と図４に示したようなルーバーフィルム１９とを、そ
れぞれの散乱光の広がり方向を互いにほぼ直交させて積
層したものでもよく、さらには、散乱光の主な広がり方
向が複数の方向である散乱特性をもった1 枚の光学フィ
ルムであってもよい。The light control plate 22 shown in FIG. 8 is formed by laminating two louver films 23a and 23b. The light control plate 22 has the selective scattering characteristic as shown in FIG. And a plurality of selective scattering films 18 having different incident angle ranges of light to be scattered light.
Are laminated so that the directions of spread of the respective scattered lights are substantially orthogonal to each other.
8 and the louver film 19 as shown in FIG. 4 may be stacked such that the directions of spread of the scattered lights are substantially orthogonal to each other. Further, the main directions of spread of the scattered lights are a plurality of directions. One optical film having scattering characteristics may be used.
【００９８】図９はこの発明の第４の実施例を示す表示
装置の側面図である。この実施例の表示装置は、上述し
た第１〜第３の実施例で用いた指向性反射板１１の反射
部材１２に代えて半透過反射板２３を用い、その背後に
バックライト２４を配置したものであり、その他の構成
は第１〜第３の実施例のいずれかと同じである。FIG. 9 is a side view of a display device showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the display device of this embodiment, a transflective plate 23 is used instead of the reflecting member 12 of the directional reflector 11 used in the first to third embodiments described above, and a backlight 24 is arranged behind the transflective plate 23. The other configuration is the same as any one of the first to third embodiments.
【００９９】なお、前記バックライト２４は、例えば端
面から光を取り込んでその光を前面に出射する導光板を
備え、この導光板の前記端面に対向させて光源を配置し
た、いわゆるサイドライト型のものでも、ＥＬ（エレク
トロルミネセンス）パネル等の発光パネルでもよい。The backlight 24 includes, for example, a light guide plate which takes in light from an end face and emits the light to the front face, and a so-called side light type in which a light source is arranged to face the end face of the light guide plate. Or a light-emitting panel such as an EL (electroluminescence) panel.
【０１００】この実施例の表示装置によれば、十分な明
るさの外光が得られるときは、画面の前方から入射する
外光を反射させて外光利用する反射型表示を行ない、十
分な明るさの外光が得られないときは、前記バックライ
ト２４を点灯させてこのバックライト２４の光を利用す
る透過型表示を行なう、いわゆる２ウエイ表示を行なう
ことができる。According to the display device of this embodiment, when external light having sufficient brightness can be obtained, external light incident from the front of the screen is reflected to perform reflection type display utilizing external light, and a sufficient display is performed. When the external light of the brightness cannot be obtained, the so-called two-way display in which the backlight 24 is turned on to perform a transmissive display using the light of the backlight 24 can be performed.
【０１０１】図１０はこの発明の第５の実施例を示す表
示装置の側面図である。この実施例の表示装置は、上述
した第１〜第３の実施例で用いた指向性反射板１１の反
射部材１２に代えて、光透過性を有する発光体２６と、
その背後に配置された反射板２７とからなる、バックラ
イトを兼ねた反射部材２５を用いたものであり、その他
の構成は第１〜第３の実施例のいずれかと同じである。FIG. 10 is a side view of a display device showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The display device of this embodiment includes a light-emitting body 26 having a light-transmitting property, instead of the reflecting member 12 of the directional reflection plate 11 used in the above-described first to third embodiments,
This embodiment uses a reflection member 25 also serving as a backlight, which includes a reflection plate 27 disposed behind the reflection plate 27, and the other configuration is the same as that of any of the first to third embodiments.
【０１０２】なお、前記発光体２６は、例えば有機ＥＬ
パネルであり、この有機ＥＬパネルからなる発光体２６
は、非点灯状態では透明板のような光透過性を有するた
め、前記発光体２６の非点灯時は、画面の前方からの入
射光が発光体２６を透過してその背後に配置された反射
板２７で前面方向に反射され、また前記発光体２６の点
灯させると、この発光体２６が発する光が直接または前
記反射板２７で反射されて前面方向に出射する。The luminous body 26 is, for example, an organic EL.
A light-emitting body 26 comprising the organic EL panel.
Has a light transmissivity like a transparent plate in a non-lighting state, so that when the light-emitting body 26 is not lighted, incident light from the front of the screen passes through the light-emitting body 26 and is disposed behind the light-emitting body 26. When the light emitted from the light emitter 26 is turned on, the light emitted from the light emitter 26 is emitted directly or reflected by the reflector 27 and emitted toward the front.
【０１０３】この実施例の表示装置によれば、十分な明
るさの外光が得られるときは、画面の前方から入射する
外光を反射させて外光利用する反射型表示を行ない、十
分な明るさの外光が得られないときは、前記発光体２６
を点灯させてこの発光体２６の光を利用する透過型表示
を行なう、いわゆる２ウエイ表示を行なうことができ
る。According to the display device of this embodiment, when external light with sufficient brightness is obtained, external light incident from the front of the screen is reflected to perform reflective display using external light, and a sufficient display is performed. When the external light of the brightness cannot be obtained,
Is turned on to perform a transmissive display using the light of the light emitting body 26, that is, a so-called two-way display can be performed.
【０１０４】図１１はこの発明の第６の実施例を示す表
示装置の分解斜視図であり、この実施例は、主に、表示
パネル１０が、ＴＮ方式、ＳＴＮ方式、ＥＣＢ方式など
の液晶表示パネルのような偏光板を備えたものである場
合に適用される。FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of a display device showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the display panel 10 is mainly composed of a liquid crystal display such as a TN type, STN type, or ECB type. This is applied to a case where a polarizing plate such as a panel is provided.
【０１０５】この表示装置は、前記表示パネル１０とそ
の背後の光制御板１７または２２との間に、前記光制御
板１７を出射した光のほとんどを、前記表示パネル１０
の背面の偏光板（図示せず）の透過軸に沿った偏光成分
の光として前記表示パネル１０に入射させる特性の偏光
制御板２８を配置したものであり、その他の構成は上記
第１〜第３の実施例のいずれかと同じである。In this display device, most of the light emitted from the light control plate 17 is transferred between the display panel 10 and the light control plate 17 or 22 behind the display panel 10.
And a polarization control plate 28 having a characteristic of being incident on the display panel 10 as light having a polarization component along a transmission axis of a polarizing plate (not shown) on the back surface. Same as any of the third embodiments.
【０１０６】なお、前記偏光制御板２８としては、例え
ば、一方向に沿った偏光成分の光であるＳ偏光光と、そ
れと直交する方向に沿った偏光成分の光であるＰ偏光光
とのうちの一方の偏光光はその偏光状態のまま透過さ
せ、他方の偏光光をほぼ９０°旋光させて出射するもの
がある。The polarization control plate 28 includes, for example, S-polarized light which is a polarized light component along one direction and P-polarized light which is a polarized light component along a direction orthogonal thereto. Some polarized light is transmitted as it is in its polarized state, and the other polarized light is rotated by approximately 90 ° and emitted.
【０１０７】この実施例の表示装置によれば、指向性反
射板１１により反射され、前記光制御板１７または２２
を経て表示パネル１０にその裏面から入射する光のほと
んどが、前記偏光制御板２８により、前記表示パネル１
０の背面の偏光板の透過軸に沿った偏光成分の光となっ
て前記表示パネル１０に入射するため、前記偏光板で吸
収される光量を極く少なくし、より明るい表示を得るこ
とができる。According to the display device of this embodiment, the light is reflected by the directional reflection plate 11, and is reflected by the light control plate 17 or 22.
Most of the light incident on the display panel 10 from the rear surface through the polarization control plate 28 passes through the display panel 1.
Since the light becomes a component having a polarization component along the transmission axis of the polarizing plate on the back side of the display panel 10 and enters the display panel 10, the amount of light absorbed by the polarizing plate is extremely reduced, and a brighter display can be obtained. .
【０１０８】なお、上述した各実施例で用いた指向性反
射板１１は、その第１の導光部材１３の背面に設ける溝
状凹部１４を、互いに逆向きに傾斜する２つの側面と底
面とを有する断面台形状に形成しているが、この溝状凹
部１４は、少なくともその両側面が傾斜面であり、これ
らの側面と第２の導光部材１５との界面がそれぞれ入射
光をその入射角に応じて反射または透過させる光学界面
１６ａ，１６ｂとなる多角形状であれば、例えば断面Ｖ
字状など、どのような断面形状であってもよい。The directional reflector 11 used in each of the above-described embodiments has a groove-like concave portion 14 provided on the back surface of the first light guide member 13 with two side surfaces and a bottom surface inclined in opposite directions. The groove-shaped concave portion 14 has inclined surfaces at least on both side surfaces thereof, and the interface between these side surfaces and the second light guide member 15 causes incident light to enter the groove, respectively. If it is a polygonal shape that becomes the optical interfaces 16a and 16b to reflect or transmit according to the angle, for example, the cross section V
Any cross-sectional shape such as a letter shape may be used.
【０１０９】また、上記各実施例の指向性反射板１１
は、第１の導光部材１３の各溝状凹部１４内に設ける第
２の導光部材１５を空気層としているが、前記祭２の導
光部材１５は、空気層に限らず、第１の導光部材１３よ
り屈折率が小さい透明樹脂層などであってもよい。In addition, the directional reflection plate 11 of each of the above embodiments is used.
Although the second light guide member 15 provided in each groove-shaped recess 14 of the first light guide member 13 is an air layer, the light guide member 15 of the festival 2 is not limited to the air layer, For example, a transparent resin layer having a smaller refractive index than the light guide member 13 may be used.
【０１１０】その場合は、前記指向性反射板１１を、反
射部材１２の反射面１２ａ上に前記透明樹脂層などから
なる第２の導光部材１５を複数列に形成し、その上に屈
折率の大きい透明樹脂などを塗布して、前記第２の導光
部材１５を覆う部分が溝状凹部１４となった第１の導光
部材１３を形成する方法で製造することも可能である。In this case, the directional reflection plate 11 is formed by forming a plurality of rows of second light guide members 15 made of the transparent resin layer or the like on the reflection surface 12a of the reflection member 12, and the refractive index is formed thereon. It is also possible to apply a method of forming a first light guide member 13 in which a portion covering the second light guide member 15 is a groove-shaped concave portion 14 by applying a transparent resin or the like having a large size.
【０１１１】さらに、上記各実施例では、前記指向性反
射板１１を、溝状凹部１４の両側の光学界面１６ａ，１
６ｂのうち、傾き角度の小さい方を表示装置の画面の上
縁側に向け、傾き角度の大きい方を下縁側に向けて配置
したが、前記光学界面１６ａ，１６ｂの傾き角度、第１
の導光部材１３と第２の導光部材１５の屈折率、及び第
１の導光部材に設けた溝状凹部１４の寸法のそれぞれ
は、表示の観察方向に応じて任意に設定すればよい。Further, in each of the above embodiments, the directional reflection plate 11 is connected to the optical interfaces 16a, 16a on both sides of the groove-shaped recess 14.
6b, the smaller inclination angle is disposed toward the upper edge of the screen of the display device, and the larger inclination angle is disposed toward the lower edge. However, the inclination angles of the optical interfaces 16a and 16b, the first
Each of the refractive indexes of the light guide member 13 and the second light guide member 15 and the dimension of the groove-shaped concave portion 14 provided in the first light guide member may be arbitrarily set according to the viewing direction of display. .
【０１１２】また、上記各実施例の表示装置は、その表
示パネル１０に液晶表示パネルを用いたものであるが、
前記表示パネル１０は、他の電気光学表示素子や、透光
性の画像印刷フィルムなどであってもよい。The display device of each of the above embodiments uses a liquid crystal display panel as the display panel 10.
The display panel 10 may be another electro-optical display element, a translucent image printing film, or the like.
【０１１３】[0113]
【発明の効果】この発明の表示装置は、透過型表示パネ
ルの背面に対向させて、前記表示パネルの前方から入射
する光のうちの特定の方向からの入射光を所定の方向に
集光して前記入射光の入射角度範囲より小さい広がり角
の反射光を前記表示パネルの背面に向けて出射する指向
性反射板を配置し、前記表示パネルの背面と前記指向性
反射板との間に、特定の方向から所定の角度範囲内の入
射角で入射した透過光を所定の広がり方向に散乱して出
射する光制御板を配置したものであるから、特定の方向
から観察される表示を充分に明るくし、しかも視野角を
広くするとともに、外景の映り込みのない高品質の表示
を得るようにしたものである。The display device according to the present invention converges, in a predetermined direction, incident light from a specific direction of light incident from the front of the display panel so as to face the rear surface of the transmissive display panel. A directional reflector that emits reflected light having a divergence angle smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light toward the rear surface of the display panel, between the rear surface of the display panel and the directional reflector. Since the light control plate that scatters the transmitted light incident at an incident angle within a predetermined angle range from a specific direction and emits the light in a predetermined spread direction is arranged, a display observed from a specific direction is sufficiently provided. It is intended to provide a high-quality display with a bright view, a wide viewing angle, and no reflection of the outside scenery.
【０１１４】この発明の表示装置において、前記光制御
板に、散乱光の主な広がり方向が一方向であるものを用
いる場合、この光制御板を、前記散乱光の主な広がり方
向を画面に垂直な方向に対して前記画面の下縁側に傾い
た方向に向けて配置すれば、画面の下縁側方向に視野角
を広げることができる。In the display device of the present invention, when the light control plate uses one in which the main spread direction of the scattered light is one direction, the light control plate is used to display the main spread direction of the scattered light on the screen. By arranging in a direction inclined to the lower edge of the screen with respect to the vertical direction, the viewing angle can be widened in the lower edge direction of the screen.
【０１１５】また、光制御板を、前記散乱光の主な広が
り方向を画面に垂直な方向に対して前記画面の側縁側に
傾いた方向に向けて配置すれば、画面の横方向に視野角
を広げるとともに、画面の横方向からの入射光を散乱さ
せた後、前記指向性反射板で反射させることができるの
で、画面の下縁側方向の輝度が向上する。Further, if the light control plate is arranged so that the main spread direction of the scattered light is inclined toward the side edge of the screen with respect to the direction perpendicular to the screen, the viewing angle in the horizontal direction of the screen is increased. In addition, since the incident light from the lateral direction of the screen can be scattered and then reflected by the directional reflector, the luminance in the lower edge direction of the screen is improved.
【０１１６】また、前記光制御板は、この光制御板によ
る散乱光の主な広がり方向が複数の方向であるもでもよ
く、このような光制御板を用いれば、複数の方向に視野
角を広げるとともに、画面の複数方向からの入射光を散
乱させた後、前記指向性反射板で反射させることができ
るので、画面の下縁側方向の輝度が向上する。The light control plate may be such that the main spread direction of the scattered light by the light control plate is a plurality of directions. If such a light control plate is used, the viewing angle can be increased in a plurality of directions. Since the light can be expanded and scattered from a plurality of directions of the screen and then reflected by the directional reflector, the luminance in the lower edge direction of the screen is improved.
【０１１７】また、前記指向性反射板は、例えば、平担
な反射面を有する反射部材と、前面が平坦で、背面に所
定方向に沿う溝状凹部が複数列に形成され、前記背面を
前記反射板の反射面に対向させて配置された第１の導光
部材と、前記第１の導光部材の各溝状凹部内を占有する
前記第１の導光部材よりも屈折率の小さい第２の導光部
材とからなり、前記第１の導光部材の溝状凹部は、前記
反射部材の反射面の垂線に対する傾き角度が異なる少な
くとも２つの傾斜面を有し、前記傾斜面と前記第２の反
射部材との境界面が、前記境界面への入射光をその入射
角に応じて反射または透過させる光学界面を形成し、前
記第１の導光部材の前面から所定の角度範囲内の入射角
で入射した光を特定の方向に前記入射光の入射角度範囲
より小さい広がり角で前記第１の導光部材の前面に出射
する構成のものでよく、このような構成の指向性反射板
によれば、特定の方向からの入射光を予め定められた特
定の方向に集光して前記入射光の入射角度範囲より小さ
い広がり角の反射光を前記表示パネルの背面に向けて出
射することができる。Further, the directional reflector has, for example, a reflecting member having a flat reflecting surface, and a plurality of rows of groove-shaped recesses along a predetermined direction formed on a back surface with a flat front surface. A first light guide member arranged to face the reflection surface of the reflection plate; and a first light guide member having a smaller refractive index than the first light guide member occupying each groove-shaped recess of the first light guide member. And the groove-shaped concave portion of the first light guide member has at least two inclined surfaces having different inclination angles with respect to a perpendicular line of the reflection surface of the reflection member, and the inclined surface and the second light guide member have different inclination angles. 2 forms an optical interface that reflects or transmits light incident on the boundary surface in accordance with the angle of incidence, and is within a predetermined angle range from the front surface of the first light guide member. Spreading light incident at an incident angle in a specific direction smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light In the directional reflector having such a configuration, incident light from a specific direction is condensed in a predetermined specific direction. Thus, the reflected light having a divergence angle smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light can be emitted toward the back surface of the display panel.
【０１１８】このような構成の指向性反射板を用いる場
合、前記反射部材を半透過反射板とし、その背後にバッ
クライトを配置するか、あるいは、前記反射部材を、光
透過性を有する発光体と、その背後に配置された反射板
とで構成すれば、外光を利用する反射型表示と、前記バ
ックライトまたは前記発光体の光を利用する透過型表示
との両方を行なうことができる。When a directional reflector having such a configuration is used, the reflecting member may be a semi-transmissive reflecting plate, and a backlight may be disposed behind the reflecting member, or the reflecting member may be formed of a light-transmitting luminous body. And a reflector disposed behind the display, it is possible to perform both a reflective display using external light and a transmissive display using light from the backlight or the illuminant.
【図１】この発明の第１の実施例を示す表示装置の分解
斜視図。FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】前記表示装置の側面図。FIG. 2 is a side view of the display device.
【図３】前記表示装置に用いる光制御板の一例を示す断
面図。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a light control plate used in the display device.
【図４】前記光制御板の他の例を示す断面図。FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing another example of the light control plate.
【図５】前記光制御板の他の例を示す断面図。FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another example of the light control plate.
【図６】この発明の第２の実施例を示す表示装置の分解
斜視図。FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a display device showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】この発明の第３の実施例を示す表示装置の分解
斜視図。FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of a display device showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
【図８】第３の実施例の表示装置に用いる光制御板の一
例を示す断面図。FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing an example of a light control plate used in the display device of the third embodiment.
【図９】この発明の第４の実施例を示す表示装置の側面
図。FIG. 9 is a side view of a display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１０】この発明の第５の実施例を示す表示装置の側
面図。FIG. 10 is a side view of a display device showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１１】この発明の第６の実施例を示す表示装置の分
解斜視図。FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of a display device showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１２】従来の表示装置の側面図。FIG. 12 is a side view of a conventional display device.
１０…表示パネル。 １１…指向性反射板 １２…反射部材 １２ａ…反射面 １３…第１の導光部材 １４…溝状凹部 １５…第２の導光部材（空気層） １６ａ，１６ｂ…光学界面 １６ｃ…透過面 ２３…半透過反射板 ２４…バックライト ２５…反射部材 ２６…光透過性を有する発光体 ２７…反射板 10. Display panel. REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 11 directional reflection plate 12 reflection member 12 a reflection surface 13 first light guide member 14 groove-shaped recess 15 second light guide member (air layer) 16 a, 16 b optical interface 16 c transmission surface 23 ... Semi-transmissive reflective plate 24 ... Backlight 25 ... Reflective member 26 ... Light emitting body having light transmissivity 27 ... Reflective plate
Claims (7)
背面に対向させて配置され、前記表示パネルの前方から
入射する光のうちの特定の方向からの入射光を所定の方
向に集光して前記入射光の入射角度範囲より小さい広が
り角の反射光を前記表示パネルの背面に向けて出射する
指向性反射板と、前記表示パネルの背面と前記指向性反
射板との間に配置され、特定の方向から所定の角度範囲
内の入射角で入射した光を所定の広がり方向に散乱して
出射する光制御板とを備えたことを特徴とする表示装
置。1. A transmissive display panel, which is disposed opposite to a back surface of the display panel, and condenses incident light from a specific direction among light incident from the front of the display panel in a predetermined direction. A directional reflector that emits reflected light having a divergence angle smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light toward the back of the display panel; and a directional reflector disposed between the back of the display panel and the directional reflector. A light control plate which scatters light incident at an incident angle within a predetermined angle range from a specific direction in a predetermined spread direction and emits the light.
向が一方向であり、前記光制御板が、前記散乱光の主な
広がり方向を、前記表示パネルの画面に垂直な方向に対
して前記画面の下縁側に傾いた方向に向けて配置されて
いることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の表示装置。2. A main spread direction of scattered light by the light control plate is one direction, and the light control plate sets a main spread direction of the scattered light to a direction perpendicular to a screen of the display panel. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display device is disposed in a direction inclined toward a lower edge of the screen.
向が一方向であり、前記光制御板が、前記散乱光の主な
広がり方向を、前記表示パネルの画面に垂直な方向に対
して前記画面の側縁側に傾いた方向に向けて配置されて
いることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の表示装置。3. A main spread direction of the scattered light by the light control plate is one direction, and the light control plate sets a main spread direction of the scattered light to a direction perpendicular to a screen of the display panel. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display device is disposed so as to face a side edge of the screen.
向が複数の方向であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載
の表示装置。4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein main directions of spread of the scattered light by the light control plate are a plurality of directions.
に所定方向に沿う溝状凹部が複数列に形成され、前記背
面を前記反射板の反射面に対向させて配置された第１の
導光部材と、前記第１の導光部材の各溝状凹部内を占有
する前記第１の導光部材よりも屈折率の小さい第２の導
光部材とからなり、 前記第１の導光部材の溝状凹部は、前記反射部材の反射
面の垂線に対する傾き角度が異なる少なくとも２つの傾
斜面を有し、前記傾斜面と前記第２の反射部材との境界
面が、前記境界面への入射光をその入射角に応じて反射
または透過させる光学界面を形成し、 前記第１の導光部材の前面から所定の角度範囲内の入射
角で入射した光を特定の方向に前記入射光の入射角度範
囲より小さい広がり角で前記第１の導光部材の前面に出
射することを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれか１つに
記載の表示装置。5. A directional reflector comprising: a reflecting member having a flat reflecting surface; and a plurality of rows of groove-shaped concave portions having a flat front surface and extending along a predetermined direction on a rear surface. A first light guide member disposed so as to face the reflection surface of the first light guide member, and a second light guide member having a smaller refractive index than the first light guide member occupying each groove-shaped recess of the first light guide member. A groove-shaped recess of the first light guide member has at least two inclined surfaces having different inclination angles with respect to a perpendicular of a reflection surface of the reflection member, and the inclined surface and the second inclined surface. A boundary surface with the reflection member forms an optical interface that reflects or transmits light incident on the boundary surface according to the incident angle, and an incident angle within a predetermined angle range from the front surface of the first light guide member. The light incident at a divergence angle smaller than the incident angle range of the incident light in a specific direction in the first direction. Display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that to emit the front of the light guide member.
反射板であり、その背後にバックライトが配置されてい
ることを特徴とする請求項５に記載の表示装置。6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein the reflection member of the directional reflection plate is a semi-transmissive reflection plate, and a backlight is disposed behind the reflection member.
過性を有する発光体と、その背後に配置された反射板と
からなっていることを特徴とする請求項５に記載の表示
装置。7. The display according to claim 5, wherein the reflection member of the directional reflection plate comprises a light-emitting body having a light-transmitting property and a reflection plate disposed behind the light-emitting body. apparatus.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9358414A JPH11190841A (en) | 1997-12-25 | 1997-12-25 | Display device |
| US09/206,546 US6324011B1 (en) | 1997-12-11 | 1998-12-07 | Reflection plate having directivity and a display apparatus using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9358414A JPH11190841A (en) | 1997-12-25 | 1997-12-25 | Display device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11190841A true JPH11190841A (en) | 1999-07-13 |
Family
ID=18459178
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9358414A Pending JPH11190841A (en) | 1997-12-11 | 1997-12-25 | Display device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH11190841A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6609807B2 (en) | 2000-08-07 | 2003-08-26 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Backlight and liquid crystal display device |
| JP2013195672A (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-09-30 | Tomoegawa Paper Co Ltd | Anisotropic optical film |
| CN111239887A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-05 | 杭州矽能新材料有限公司 | Light guide film, production method thereof and light guide device |
| CN113253382A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-13 | 佘晓峰 | Light guide structure capable of displaying light with various colors |
-
1997
- 1997-12-25 JP JP9358414A patent/JPH11190841A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6609807B2 (en) | 2000-08-07 | 2003-08-26 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Backlight and liquid crystal display device |
| JP2013195672A (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-09-30 | Tomoegawa Paper Co Ltd | Anisotropic optical film |
| CN111239887A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-05 | 杭州矽能新材料有限公司 | Light guide film, production method thereof and light guide device |
| CN113253382A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-13 | 佘晓峰 | Light guide structure capable of displaying light with various colors |
| CN113253382B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2023-04-14 | 佘晓峰 | Light guide structure capable of displaying light with various colors |
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