JPH11133232A - Composite hologram - Google Patents

Composite hologram

Info

Publication number
JPH11133232A
JPH11133232A JP29376997A JP29376997A JPH11133232A JP H11133232 A JPH11133232 A JP H11133232A JP 29376997 A JP29376997 A JP 29376997A JP 29376997 A JP29376997 A JP 29376997A JP H11133232 A JPH11133232 A JP H11133232A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
hologram
light
angle
specific
holograms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP29376997A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3912700B2 (en
Inventor
Shingo Nishikawa
西川真悟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd filed Critical Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
Priority to JP29376997A priority Critical patent/JP3912700B2/en
Publication of JPH11133232A publication Critical patent/JPH11133232A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3912700B2 publication Critical patent/JP3912700B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
    • G03H1/0011—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for security or authentication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • G03H1/024—Hologram nature or properties
    • G03H1/0248—Volume holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
    • G03H2001/2223—Particular relationship between light source, hologram and observer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
    • G03H2001/2605—Arrangement of the sub-holograms, e.g. partial overlapping
    • G03H2001/261—Arrangement of the sub-holograms, e.g. partial overlapping in optical contact
    • G03H2001/2615—Arrangement of the sub-holograms, e.g. partial overlapping in optical contact in physical contact, i.e. layered holograms

Landscapes

  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composite hologram capable of being used as an optical element such as a forgery preventing hologram and a narrow band wavelength filter in the case of diffracting light of specific wavelength to a specific direction only when the light is made incident from a specific direction. SOLUTION: This composite hologram is formed by superposing two volume type holograms 1, 2 on which uniform plane interference stripes 3, 4 are recorded or multiplexedly recording plural holograms. The slant angles θ, ϕand pitches P, Q of the holograms 1, 2 are set up so that only light of a specific incident angle I and specific wavelength is successively Bragg-diffracted through the two holograms 1, 2 and projected at a specific exit angle D.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、複合ホログラムに
関し、特に、特定方向から特定波長の光が入射したのと
きのみ特定方向へ回折する複合ホログラムに関するもの
である。The present invention relates to a composite hologram, and more particularly to a composite hologram that diffracts in a specific direction only when light of a specific wavelength is incident from a specific direction.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来から、ＣＤカード、プリペイドカー
ド、定期券、通帳、パスポート、身分証明書、商品等が
真実なもので偽造されたものでないことを保証するため
に、立体像、模様等を記録したレリーフホログラム又は
リップマンホログラムからなるラベル、シール等を対象
物に貼着することが広く行われている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in order to guarantee that a CD card, a prepaid card, a commuter pass, a passbook, a passport, an identification card, a product, and the like are true and not forged, a three-dimensional image, a pattern, and the like are used. 2. Description of the Related Art Affixing a label, a seal, or the like made of a recorded relief hologram or Lippmann hologram to an object is widely performed.

【０００３】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】これらのホログラム
は、単純な再生照明光あるいは白色光により再生可能で
あり、これを複製等の手法を用いて偽造することは必ず
しも困難なことではない。そのため、このようなホログ
ラムからなるラベル、シール等のセキュリティー性は必
ずしも高いものではなかった。These holograms can be reproduced by simple reproduction illumination light or white light, and it is not always difficult to forge such holograms by using a technique such as duplication. Therefore, the security of labels, seals, and the like made of such holograms is not always high.

【０００４】本発明はこのような従来技術の問題点に鑑
みてなされたものであり、その目的は、特定方向から特
定波長の光が入射したのときのみ特定方向へ回折するホ
ログラムであって、偽造防止ホログラム、狭帯域波長フ
ィルター等の光学素子として使用可能な複合ホログラム
を提供することである。[0004] The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to provide a hologram that diffracts in a specific direction only when light having a specific wavelength is incident from a specific direction. An object of the present invention is to provide a composite hologram that can be used as an optical element such as a forgery prevention hologram and a narrow band wavelength filter.

【０００５】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成する本発
明の複合ホログラムは、一様な平面の干渉縞が記録され
た複数の体積型ホログラムが重畳されるか多重記録され
てなる複合ホログラムであって、特定の入射角の特定の
波長の光のみがこれら複数の体積型ホログラムを順にブ
ラッグ回折して特定の出射角で出射するように、前記複
数の体積型ホログラム各々の干渉縞のスラント角とピッ
チが設定されていることを特徴とするものである。A composite hologram according to the present invention that achieves the above object is a composite hologram in which a plurality of volume holograms on which uniform plane interference fringes are recorded are superimposed or multiplex-recorded. The slant angle of each of the interference fringes of each of the plurality of volume holograms so that only light of a specific wavelength at a specific incident angle is Bragg-diffractive in order to emit the plurality of volume holograms at a specific output angle. And a pitch are set.

【０００６】この場合、例えば２枚の体積型ホログラム
が重畳されるか多重記録されてなるものとすることがで
きる。In this case, for example, two volume holograms can be superimposed or multiplex-recorded.

【０００７】本発明の複合ホログラムは、例えば偽造防
止ホログラムとして用いることができ、立体物、模様等
の物体像が記録された体積型ホログラムの一部の所定パ
ターン領域にのみその複数の体積型ホログラムを重畳す
るか多重記録して構成することもできる。The composite hologram of the present invention can be used, for example, as an anti-counterfeit hologram, and a plurality of volume holograms are formed only in a part of a predetermined pattern area of a volume hologram in which an object image such as a three-dimensional object or a pattern is recorded. Can be superposed or multiplex-recorded.

【０００８】本発明の複合ホログラムは、また、高指向
性狭帯域波長フィルターとして用いることができる。[0008] The composite hologram of the present invention can also be used as a highly directional narrow band wavelength filter.

【０００９】本発明においては、特定の入射角の特定の
波長の光のみが複数の体積型ホログラムを順にブラッグ
回折して特定の出射角で出射するように、その複数の体
積型ホログラム各々の干渉縞のスラント角とピッチが設
定されているので、特定の入射角で特定の波長の光が入
射したときのみ、特定の出射角でその光が回折し、他の
入射角及び波長においてはその出射角の方向へ回折しな
いので、例えば偽造防止ホログラムとして有用であり、
また、高指向性狭帯域波長フィルター等の光学素子とし
て使用可能なものである。In the present invention, interference of each of the plurality of volume holograms is performed so that only light of a specific wavelength at a specific incident angle is Bragg-diffractive in order through a plurality of volume holograms and emitted at a specific output angle. Since the slant angle and pitch of the fringes are set, the light is diffracted at a specific emission angle only when light of a specific wavelength enters at a specific incident angle, and the light is emitted at other incident angles and wavelengths. Since it does not diffract in the direction of the angle, it is useful, for example, as a forgery prevention hologram,
Further, it can be used as an optical element such as a high directivity narrow band wavelength filter.

【００１０】[0010]

【発明の実施の形態】以下に、本発明の複合ホログラム
の原理と実施例について説明する。図１に断面を示すよ
うに、一様な平面の干渉縞３、４（フリンジ）が記録さ
れた２枚の体積型ホログラム１、２が重畳されいる場合
を考える。図１においては、干渉縞３、４はそれぞれ１
面しか図示していないが、実際には一定ピッチで平行に
多数の干渉縞が形成されている。以下に、ホログラム１
に入射した光５がホログラム１の干渉縞３でブラッグ回
折を受け、その回折光が今度はホログラム２に入射して
その干渉縞４でブラッグ回折を受け、再びホログラム１
あるいはホログラム２から回折光６として出射する場合
について検討する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The principle and embodiments of the composite hologram of the present invention will be described below. Consider a case where two volume holograms 1 and 2 on which interference fringes 3 and 4 (fringes) of a uniform plane are recorded are superimposed as shown in a cross section in FIG. In FIG. 1, interference fringes 3 and 4 are each 1
Although only the surface is shown, many interference fringes are actually formed in parallel at a constant pitch. Below, hologram 1
Light 5 incident on the hologram 1 undergoes Bragg diffraction at the interference fringes 3 of the hologram 1, and the diffracted light enters the hologram 2 this time and undergoes Bragg diffraction at the interference fringes 4.
Alternatively, the case where the light is emitted from the hologram 2 as the diffracted light 6 will be considered.

【００１１】ホログラム１、２の干渉縞３、４の法線
Ｎ’、Ｎ”が何れも図１の平面内にあるとし、また、ホ
ログラム１、２の平均屈折率は同じｎとする。ホログラ
ム１の干渉縞のスラント角（ホログラム１の平面に対す
る角度）をθ、干渉縞のピッチ（隣接する干渉縞間の距
離）をＰとする。ホログラム２の干渉縞のスラント角を
φ、干渉縞のピッチをＱとする。空気中から入射角Ｉで
入射した光５のホログラム１内での屈折角をＩ’で表
す。It is assumed that the normals N 'and N "of the interference fringes 3 and 4 of the holograms 1 and 2 are all within the plane of FIG. 1, and that the holograms 1 and 2 have the same average refractive index n. The slant angle of the interference fringe 1 (the angle with respect to the plane of the hologram 1) is θ, the pitch of the interference fringes (the distance between adjacent interference fringes) is P. The slant angle of the interference fringe of the hologram 2 is φ, The pitch is Q. The refraction angle in the hologram 1 of the light 5 incident from the air at an incident angle I is represented by I ′.

【００１２】空気中からホログラム１の法線に対して入
射角Ｉで入射した光５で、ホログラム１のフリンジ３の
面にその法線Ｎ’から（Ｉ’−θ）の角度で入射し、ホ
ログラム１の平面に垂直な法線Ｎから（２θ−Ｉ’）の
角度で回折し、ホログラム２のフリンジ４の面にその法
線Ｎ”から（π＋２θ−φ−Ｉ’）の角度で入射し、ホ
ログラム１（２）の平面に垂直な法線Ｎから（２φ＋
Ｉ’−２θ−π）の角度で回折し、空気中に屈折角Ｄで
出射する光６を考える。Light 5 incident from the air at an incident angle I with respect to the normal of the hologram 1 is incident on the surface of the fringe 3 of the hologram 1 at an angle of (I'-θ) from the normal N 'thereof, The light is diffracted at an angle of (2θ-I ′) from a normal N perpendicular to the plane of the hologram 1 and is incident on the surface of the fringe 4 of the hologram 2 at an angle of (π + 2θ−φ−I ′) from the normal N ″. From the normal N perpendicular to the plane of the hologram 1 (2) (2φ +
Consider light 6 diffracted at an angle of I′−2θ−π) and emitted into air at a refraction angle D.

【００１３】ホログラム１のブラッグ波長は、 （２Ｐ／ｎ）×ｃｏｓ（Ｉ’−θ） ・・・（１） ホログラム２のブラッグ波長は、 （２Ｑ／ｎ）×ｃｏｓ（π＋２θ−φ−Ｉ’） ・・・（２） である。この両波長が一致するときのみ光は上記のよう
な回折を行う。The Bragg wavelength of the hologram 1 is (2P / n) × cos (I′−θ) (1) The Bragg wavelength of the hologram 2 is (2Q / n) × cos (π + 2θ−φ−I ′) ) (2) The light diffracts as described above only when the two wavelengths match.

【００１４】つまり、 Ｐｃｏｓ（Ｉ’−θ）＝−Ｑｃｏｓ（２θ−φ−Ｉ’） ・・・（３） ここで、 Ａ＝（θ−φ）／２ Ｂ＝（２Ｉ’−３θ＋φ）／２ ｒ＝−Ｐ／Ｑ とおくと、上記（３）式は次のように書ける。That is, Pcos (I′−θ) = − Qcos (2θ−φ−I ′) (3) where A = (θ−φ) / 2 B = (2I′−3θ + φ) / If 2r = -P / Q, the above equation (3) can be written as follows.

【００１５】 ｒｃｏｓ（Ａ＋Ｂ）＝ｃｏｓ（Ａ−Ｂ） ・・・（４） （ｒ−１）ｃｏｓＡｃｏｓＢ＝（ｒ＋１）ｓｉｎＡｓｉｎＢ・・・（５） ｔａｎＢ＝（ｒ−１）／｛（ｒ＋１）ｔａｎＡ｝ ・・・（６） ｔａｎ｛（２Ｉ’−３θ＋φ）／２｝ ＝（−Ｐ−Ｑ）／［（−Ｐ＋Ｑ）ｔａｎ｛（θ−φ）／２｝］・（７） Ｉ’＝ｔａｎ-1〔（Ｐ＋Ｑ）／［（Ｐ−Ｑ）ｔａｎ｛（θ−φ）／２｝］〕 ＋（３θ−φ）／２ ・・・（８） となる。Rcos (A + B) = cos (AB) (4) (r-1) cosAcosB = (r + 1) sinAsinB ... (5) tanB = (r-1) / ｛(r + 1) tanA ｝ (6) tan {(2I′−3θ + φ) / 2} = (− P−Q) / [(− P + Q) tan {(θ−φ) / 2}] · (7) I ′ = tan −1 [(P + Q) / [(P−Q) tan {(θ−φ) / 2}]] + (3θ−φ) / 2 (8)

【００１６】つまり、入射光５の入射角Ｉは、 Ｉ＝ｓｉｎ-1《ｎｓｉｎ〈ｔａｎ-1〔（Ｐ＋Ｑ）／［（Ｐ−Ｑ）× ｔａｎ｛（θ−φ）／２｝］〕＋（３θ−φ）／２〉》・（９） となる。That is, the incident angle I of the incident light 5 is given by: I = sin −1 << n sin <tan −1 [(P + Q) / [(P−Q) × tan {(θ−φ) / 2}]] + (3θ−φ) / 2 >>> (9)

【００１７】また、そのときのブラッグ波長λは、 λ＝（２Ｐ／ｎ）ｃｏｓ〈ｔａｎ-1〔（Ｐ＋Ｑ）／［（Ｐ−Ｑ）× ｔａｎ｛（θ−φ）／２｝］〕＋（θ−φ）／２〉・・（10） となり、回折光６の回折角Ｄは、 Ｄ＝ｓｉｎ-1《ｎｓｉｎ〈ｔａｎ-1〔（Ｐ＋Ｑ）／［（Ｐ−Ｑ）× ｔａｎ｛（θ−φ）／２｝］〕＋（３φ−θ）／２〉》・（11） となる。The Bragg wavelength λ at that time is: λ = (2P / n) cos <tan −1 [(P + Q) / [(P−Q) × tan {(θ−φ) / 2}]] + (Θ−φ) / 2> ·· (10), and the diffraction angle D of the diffracted light 6 is as follows: D = sin −1 << nsin <tan −1 [(P + Q) / [(P−Q) × tan} ( θ−φ) / 2}]] + (3φ−θ) / 2 >>> (11)

【００１８】以上の検討より明らかなように、一様な平
面状の干渉縞を記録した２枚の体積型ホログラムを重畳
するか、あるいは、１枚のホログラム媒体中に多重記録
することにより、２つの干渉縞により順次回折される回
折波長は（１０）式を満たす特定の単波長であり、その
際の（９）式を満たす入射角Ｉ、（１１）式を満たす回
折角Ｄも特定の１つの値であることが分かる。なお、光
線の可逆性から、入射角Ｉと回折角Ｄを入れ換えても良
いから、このような複合ホログラムは、特定の入射角Ｉ
又はＤで特定の波長λの光が入射したときのみ、特定の
出射角Ｄ又はＩでその光が回折し、他の入射角及び波長
においてはその出射角の方向へ回折しないことが分か
る。なお、３枚以上の体積型ホログラムを重畳するか、
あるいは多重記録したものも同様な解析によりこのよう
な解が存在し得る。As is clear from the above examination, two volume holograms on which uniform planar interference fringes are recorded are superimposed or multiplex-recorded on one hologram medium. The diffraction wavelength sequentially diffracted by the two interference fringes is a specific single wavelength satisfying the expression (10), and the incident angle I satisfying the expression (9) and the diffraction angle D satisfying the expression (11) at that time are also a specific wavelength. It can be seen that there are two values. Incidentally, since the incident angle I and the diffraction angle D may be interchanged due to the reversibility of light rays, such a composite hologram has a specific incident angle I
Alternatively, it can be seen that only when light having a specific wavelength λ is incident at D, the light is diffracted at a specific emission angle D or I, and is not diffracted in the direction of the emission angle at other incident angles and wavelengths. Note that three or more volume holograms are superimposed,
Alternatively, such a solution may exist in a multiplexed recording by a similar analysis.

【００１９】実際の数値例を示す。図２はホログラム１
の干渉縞のスラント角θが５０°、そのピッチＰが７０
０ｎｍ、ホログラム２の干渉縞のスラント角θが−６０
°、そのピッチＰが８００ｎｍ、両ホログラム１、２の
平均屈折率ｎが１．５２のときの、図１の構成の複合ホ
ログラムの入射角Ｉに対する回折角（出射角）Ｄ（太い
実線）、ホログラム１の入射角Ｉに対するブラッグ波長
λ（▲角系列）、ホログラム２の入射角Ｉに対するブラ
ッグ波長λ（◇系列）を示す。図２から、両ホログラム
１、２で順番にブラッグ回折される波長λは、λ＝８０
１．１５７９ｎｍ、入射角Ｉは、Ｉ＝３２．０５９０１
°、回折角（出射角）Ｄは、Ｄ＝３０．５９１８１°と
なる。この値は、上記（９）〜（１１）式から求めた値
と一致する。なお、当然、入射角Ｉと出射角Ｄは入替え
可能である。An example of actual numerical values will be shown. Figure 2 shows hologram 1
The slant angle θ of the interference fringes is 50 ° and the pitch P is 70
0 nm, the slant angle θ of the interference pattern of the hologram 2 is −60.
°, when the pitch P is 800 nm and the average refractive index n of both holograms 1 and 2 is 1.52, the diffraction angle (outgoing angle) D (thick solid line) with respect to the incident angle I of the composite hologram having the configuration of FIG. The Bragg wavelength λ (▲ series) for the incident angle I of the hologram 1 and the Bragg wavelength λ (◇ series) for the incident angle I of the hologram 2 are shown. From FIG. 2, the wavelength λ that is sequentially Bragg diffracted by both holograms 1 and 2 is λ = 80
1.1579 nm, the incident angle I is I = 32.05901
°, and the diffraction angle (emission angle) D is D = 30.59181 °. This value matches the value obtained from the above equations (9) to (11). Note that the incident angle I and the output angle D can be exchanged.

【００２０】図３はホログラム１の干渉縞のスラント角
θが−４０°、そのピッチＰが７００ｎｍ、ホログラム
２の干渉縞のスラント角θが４５°、そのピッチＰが８
００ｎｍ、両ホログラム１、２の平均屈折率ｎが１．５
２のときの、図２と同様の図であり、λ＝６６２．５０
２７ｎｍ、入射角Ｉは、Ｉ＝６．０９２９３４°、回折
角（出射角）Ｄは、Ｄ＝９．１３５６２６°となる。こ
の場合も、上記（９）〜（１１）式から求めた値と一致
する。また、同様に入射角Ｉと出射角Ｄは入替え可能で
ある。FIG. 3 shows that the slant angle θ of the interference fringes of the hologram 1 is −40 °, the pitch P is 700 nm, the slant angle θ of the interference fringes of the hologram 2 is 45 °, and the pitch P is 8
00 nm, the average refractive index n of both holograms 1 and 2 is 1.5
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG.
27 nm, the incident angle I is I = 6.092934 °, and the diffraction angle (emission angle) D is D = 9.135626 °. Also in this case, the values match the values obtained from the above equations (9) to (11). Similarly, the incident angle I and the outgoing angle D can be interchanged.

【００２１】さて、以上のような複合ホログラムは、特
定の２つの方向の一方から入射した特定の狭い波長帯域
の光のみをその特定の２つの方向の他方へ回折し、他の
方向、波長の光は直通するなり全く別の方向へ回折する
特性を有するが、このような複合ホログラムを複製等の
手法で偽造することは極めて困難であるのと同時に、再
生のために光源、読み取り受光素子を所定の厳密な相対
位置、方向に配置しなければならない。したがって、こ
のようなホログラムは、例えば偽造防止ホログラムとし
て有用なものである。偽造防止ホログラムとして用いる
場合は、図１のような２層のホログラム１、２が重ねて
なるホログラム媒体、あるいは、干渉縞３、４を多重記
録してなる１層構成のホログラム媒体をそのまま用い
て、ＣＤカード、プリペイドカード、定期券、通帳、パ
スポート、身分証明書、商品等の対象物に貼り付けて用
いることができる。また、図４に示すように、立体物、
模様等の物体像１１を記録したフォトポリマー等の体積
型ホログラム媒体１０の一部の所定パターン領域１２に
のみ２つの干渉縞３、４を記録しておき、所定の方向
（入射角Ｉ又はＤ）から所定波長（λ）の光を入射した
ときに、所定の方向（回折角Ｄ又はＩ）からこの所定パ
ターン領域１２のパターンが読み取れるか否かにより、
その媒体１０が真実なものか偽造されたものかを判断す
ることができる。The composite hologram as described above diffracts only light of a specific narrow wavelength band incident from one of two specific directions to the other of the specific two directions, and converts the light of other directions and wavelengths into the other two directions. Although light has the property of being directly transmitted and diffracted in a completely different direction, it is extremely difficult to forge such a composite hologram by a method such as duplication, and at the same time, a light source and a reading light receiving element are used for reproduction. They must be arranged in predetermined strict relative positions and directions. Therefore, such a hologram is useful, for example, as a forgery prevention hologram. When used as an anti-counterfeit hologram, a hologram medium in which two layers of holograms 1 and 2 are superimposed as shown in FIG. 1 or a hologram medium having a single layer configuration in which interference fringes 3 and 4 are multiplex-recorded is used as it is. , A CD card, a prepaid card, a commuter pass, a passbook, a passport, an identification card, a product, and the like. Also, as shown in FIG.
Two interference fringes 3 and 4 are recorded only in a part of a predetermined pattern area 12 of a volume type hologram medium 10 such as a photopolymer on which an object image 11 such as a pattern is recorded, and are recorded in a predetermined direction (incident angle I or D). ), A light of a predetermined wavelength (λ) is incident, and depending on whether or not the pattern of the predetermined pattern area 12 can be read from a predetermined direction (diffraction angle D or I).
It is possible to determine whether the medium 10 is true or forged.

【００２２】また、本発明の複合ホログラムは、例えば
指向性の強い狭帯域波長フィルターとしても用いること
ができる。その場合は、例えば図５に示すように、メタ
ルハライドランプ等の高輝度の白色光源２１からの発散
光を正レンズ２２により略平行な光束２３に変換して、
高指向性狭帯域波長フィルター２０として用いる本発明
の体積型ホログラム１と２を重畳あるいは多重記録して
なる複合ホログラム２０にその光束２３の主光線が入射
角Ｉ又はＤで入射するようにすればよい。このような配
置で本発明の複合ホログラム２０を用いれば、出射角
（回折角）Ｄ又はＩで出射する光２４は、光源２１から
の放射された光の中の特定波長λの光であって、出射角
がフィルター２０の何れの位置でも同じ角度Ｄ又はＩの
もののみが選択されるので、出射光２４は単色波長で平
行性が高いものとなる。すなわち、本発明による複合ホ
ログラムは高指向性狭帯域波長フィルターとして用いる
ことができる。The composite hologram of the present invention can also be used, for example, as a narrow-band wavelength filter having strong directivity. In that case, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, divergent light from a high-luminance white light source 21 such as a metal halide lamp is converted into a substantially parallel light flux 23 by a positive lens 22.
If the principal ray of the light beam 23 is incident at an incident angle I or D on the composite hologram 20 formed by superimposing or multiplexing the volume holograms 1 and 2 of the present invention used as the high directivity narrow band wavelength filter 20. Good. When the composite hologram 20 of the present invention is used in such an arrangement, the light 24 emitted at the emission angle (diffraction angle) D or I is light of a specific wavelength λ in the light emitted from the light source 21. Since the same angle D or I is selected at any position of the filter 20 at any position of the filter 20, the emitted light 24 has a monochromatic wavelength and high parallelism. That is, the composite hologram according to the present invention can be used as a highly directional narrow band wavelength filter.

【００２３】以上、本発明の複合ホログラムを原理とい
くつかの用途の例について説明してきたが、本発明はこ
れらに限定されず種々の変形、用途が可能である。Although the principle of the composite hologram of the present invention and examples of some uses have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these, and various modifications and uses are possible.

【００２４】[0024]

【発明の効果】以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明
の複合ホログラムによると、特定の入射角の特定の波長
の光のみが複数の体積型ホログラムを順にブラッグ回折
して特定の出射角で出射するように、その複数の体積型
ホログラム各々の干渉縞のスラント角とピッチが設定さ
れているので、特定の入射角で特定の波長の光が入射し
たときのみ、特定の出射角でその光が回折し、他の入射
角及び波長においてはその出射角の方向へ回折しないの
で、例えば偽造防止ホログラムとして有用であり、ま
た、高指向性狭帯域波長フィルター等の光学素子として
使用可能なものである。As is apparent from the above description, according to the composite hologram of the present invention, only light of a specific wavelength at a specific incident angle is subjected to Bragg diffraction of a plurality of volume holograms in order and at a specific exit angle. Since the slant angle and pitch of the interference fringes of each of the plurality of volume holograms are set so as to be emitted, only when light of a specific wavelength is incident at a specific incident angle, the light is emitted at a specific emission angle. Is diffracted and does not diffract in the direction of the emission angle at other incident angles and wavelengths, so that it is useful, for example, as a forgery prevention hologram, and can be used as an optical element such as a high directivity narrow band wavelength filter. is there.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】本発明の複合ホログラムの原理を説明するため
の図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a composite hologram of the present invention.

【図２】本発明の１例の複合ホログラムの入射角に対す
る回折角、入射角に対する各ホログラムのブラッグ波長
を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a diffraction angle with respect to an incident angle of a composite hologram according to an example of the present invention, and a Bragg wavelength of each hologram with respect to the incident angle.

【図３】別の例の複合ホログラムの図２と同様の図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of another example composite hologram;

【図４】本発明の複合ホログラムを偽造防止ホログラム
として用いる場合の１例の構成を示す模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a configuration in which the composite hologram of the present invention is used as a forgery prevention hologram.

【図５】本発明の複合ホログラムを高指向性狭帯域波長
フィルターとして用いる場合の配置を示す模式図であ
る。FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an arrangement when the composite hologram of the present invention is used as a highly directional narrow band wavelength filter.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１、２…体積型ホログラム ３、４…干渉縞 ５…入射光 ６…出射（回折）光 １０…体積型ホログラム媒体 １１…物体像 １２…所定パターン領域 ２０…高指向性狭帯域波長フィルター（複合ホログラ
ム） ２１…白色光源 ２２…正レンズ ２３…略平行光束 ２４…出射光1, 2, volume hologram 3, 4, interference fringe 5, incident light 6, outgoing (diffraction) light 10, volume hologram medium 11, object image 12, predetermined pattern region 20, high directivity narrow band wavelength filter (composite Hologram) 21 White light source 22 Positive lens 23 Substantially parallel light beam 24 Outgoing light

Claims (5)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 一様な平面の干渉縞が記録された複数の
体積型ホログラムが重畳されるか多重記録されてなる複
合ホログラムであって、特定の入射角の特定の波長の光
のみがこれら複数の体積型ホログラムを順にブラッグ回
折して特定の出射角で出射するように、前記複数の体積
型ホログラム各々の干渉縞のスラント角とピッチが設定
されていることを特徴とする複合ホログラム。1. A composite hologram in which a plurality of volume holograms on which a uniform plane interference fringe is recorded are superimposed or multiplex-recorded, and only light of a specific wavelength at a specific incident angle is A composite hologram, wherein a slant angle and a pitch of interference fringes of each of the plurality of volume holograms are set so that the plurality of volume holograms are sequentially Bragg-diffused and emitted at a specific emission angle. 【請求項２】 ２枚の体積型ホログラムが重畳されるか
多重記録されてなることを特徴とする請求項１記載の複
合ホログラム。2. The composite hologram according to claim 1, wherein two volume holograms are superimposed or multiplex-recorded. 【請求項３】 偽造防止ホログラムとして用いられるこ
とを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の複合ホログラム。3. The composite hologram according to claim 1, wherein the composite hologram is used as a forgery prevention hologram. 【請求項４】 立体物、模様等の物体像が記録された体
積型ホログラムの一部の所定パターン領域にのみ前記複
数の体積型ホログラムが重畳されるか多重記録されてな
ることを特徴とする請求項３記載の複合ホログラム。4. A volume hologram in which a plurality of volume holograms are superimposed or multiplex-recorded only in a part of a predetermined pattern region of a volume hologram on which an object image such as a three-dimensional object or a pattern is recorded. The composite hologram according to claim 3. 【請求項５】 高指向性狭帯域波長フィルターとして用
いられることを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の複合ホ
ログラム。5. The composite hologram according to claim 1, wherein the composite hologram is used as a highly directional narrow band wavelength filter.
JP29376997A 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Composite hologram Expired - Fee Related JP3912700B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29376997A JP3912700B2 (en) 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Composite hologram

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29376997A JP3912700B2 (en) 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Composite hologram

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH11133232A true JPH11133232A (en) 1999-05-21
JP3912700B2 JP3912700B2 (en) 2007-05-09

Family

ID=17798977

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP29376997A Expired - Fee Related JP3912700B2 (en) 1997-10-27 1997-10-27 Composite hologram

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3912700B2 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003065305A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2003-08-07 Hong-Jong Chang Apparatus for protecting forgery and alteration of smart card using angular multiplexing hologram and method thereof
WO2006074558A1 (en) * 2005-01-11 2006-07-20 Kxo Ag Object having a holographic security feature and method for manufacturing such a feature
WO2009049600A3 (en) * 2007-10-18 2009-06-04 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Security and/or valuable document comprising holograms established in different layers
JP2010044152A (en) * 2008-08-11 2010-02-25 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Anti-forgery volume hologram
JP2010044151A (en) * 2008-08-11 2010-02-25 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Transmission type optical element
WO2014115682A1 (en) * 2013-01-23 2014-07-31 合同会社３Ｄｒａｇｏｎｓ Personal authentication device
JP2016109530A (en) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-20 大日本印刷株式会社 Optical device and vehicle in which optical device is mounted
US11782384B2 (en) 2017-10-20 2023-10-10 H010 Limited Holographic recordings replaying images upon illumination

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003065305A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2003-08-07 Hong-Jong Chang Apparatus for protecting forgery and alteration of smart card using angular multiplexing hologram and method thereof
WO2006074558A1 (en) * 2005-01-11 2006-07-20 Kxo Ag Object having a holographic security feature and method for manufacturing such a feature
WO2009049600A3 (en) * 2007-10-18 2009-06-04 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Security and/or valuable document comprising holograms established in different layers
JP2010044152A (en) * 2008-08-11 2010-02-25 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Anti-forgery volume hologram
JP2010044151A (en) * 2008-08-11 2010-02-25 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Transmission type optical element
WO2014115682A1 (en) * 2013-01-23 2014-07-31 合同会社３Ｄｒａｇｏｎｓ Personal authentication device
JPWO2014115682A1 (en) * 2013-01-23 2017-01-26 合同会社３Ｄｒａｇｏｎｓ Personal authentication device
JP2016109530A (en) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-20 大日本印刷株式会社 Optical device and vehicle in which optical device is mounted
US11782384B2 (en) 2017-10-20 2023-10-10 H010 Limited Holographic recordings replaying images upon illumination

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3912700B2 (en) 2007-05-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5886798A (en) Information carriers with diffraction structures
CN103765329B (en) Method and device for the layered production of thin volume grid stacks, and beam combiner for a holographic display
JP4010373B2 (en) Diffraction surface pattern
US4832445A (en) Security diffraction devices difficult to exactly duplicate
US20080055685A1 (en) Volume hologram medium
Weber et al. Novel implementation of nonlinear joint transform correlators in optical security and validation
JPH06508454A (en) Optical memory using diffraction gratings
US6747768B1 (en) Information carrier with a hologram
JP3912700B2 (en) Composite hologram
JPH05188845A (en) Hologram
JP5674471B2 (en) Security document with diffractive surface structure
US8537445B2 (en) Transmission type optical element and anti-forgery volume hologram
JP4076240B2 (en) Compound hologram
JP3365645B2 (en) Hologram, method for producing hologram, and method for confirming using hologram
US7583422B2 (en) Holographic recording medium and holographic recording and reproducing method
US5504594A (en) Hologram, article including hologram, and hologram recording and reconstructing methods
US5640255A (en) Holographic authentication patch
JPH06333102A (en) Information recording medium and its read method
JP3416976B2 (en) Phase mask and phase mask reproducing apparatus
JP4154738B2 (en) Two-layer hologram
JP3968730B2 (en) Holograms whose recorded information is not visible under normal conditions
JPH06301324A (en) Machine read information-containing hologram and articles having this hologram as well as its formation and information reading method
JP5407603B2 (en) Hologram and article with hologram attached
JP3307994B2 (en) Hologram authenticity confirmation method and confirmation device
JP5170426B2 (en) Anti-counterfeiting system using volume hologram for anti-counterfeiting

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20040217

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20051221

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20060823

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20061017

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20061115

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20061115

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20070124

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20070126

R150 Certificate of patent (=grant) or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110209

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110209

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120209

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130209

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130209

Year of fee payment: 6

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees