JPH11133232A - Composite hologram - Google Patents
Composite hologramInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11133232A JPH11133232A JP29376997A JP29376997A JPH11133232A JP H11133232 A JPH11133232 A JP H11133232A JP 29376997 A JP29376997 A JP 29376997A JP 29376997 A JP29376997 A JP 29376997A JP H11133232 A JPH11133232 A JP H11133232A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hologram
- light
- angle
- specific
- holograms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- NCGICGYLBXGBGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-morpholin-4-yl-1-oxa-3-azonia-2-azanidacyclopent-3-en-5-imine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[N-]1OC(=N)C=[N+]1N1CCOCC1 NCGICGYLBXGBGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000375392 Tana Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
- G03H1/0011—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for security or authentication
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/024—Hologram nature or properties
- G03H1/0248—Volume holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
- G03H2001/2223—Particular relationship between light source, hologram and observer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
- G03H2001/2605—Arrangement of the sub-holograms, e.g. partial overlapping
- G03H2001/261—Arrangement of the sub-holograms, e.g. partial overlapping in optical contact
- G03H2001/2615—Arrangement of the sub-holograms, e.g. partial overlapping in optical contact in physical contact, i.e. layered holograms
Landscapes
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、複合ホログラムに
関し、特に、特定方向から特定波長の光が入射したのと
きのみ特定方向へ回折する複合ホログラムに関するもの
である。The present invention relates to a composite hologram, and more particularly to a composite hologram that diffracts in a specific direction only when light of a specific wavelength is incident from a specific direction.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来から、CDカード、プリペイドカー
ド、定期券、通帳、パスポート、身分証明書、商品等が
真実なもので偽造されたものでないことを保証するため
に、立体像、模様等を記録したレリーフホログラム又は
リップマンホログラムからなるラベル、シール等を対象
物に貼着することが広く行われている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in order to guarantee that a CD card, a prepaid card, a commuter pass, a passbook, a passport, an identification card, a product, and the like are true and not forged, a three-dimensional image, a pattern, and the like are used. 2. Description of the Related Art Affixing a label, a seal, or the like made of a recorded relief hologram or Lippmann hologram to an object is widely performed.
【0003】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】これらのホログラム
は、単純な再生照明光あるいは白色光により再生可能で
あり、これを複製等の手法を用いて偽造することは必ず
しも困難なことではない。そのため、このようなホログ
ラムからなるラベル、シール等のセキュリティー性は必
ずしも高いものではなかった。These holograms can be reproduced by simple reproduction illumination light or white light, and it is not always difficult to forge such holograms by using a technique such as duplication. Therefore, the security of labels, seals, and the like made of such holograms is not always high.
【0004】本発明はこのような従来技術の問題点に鑑
みてなされたものであり、その目的は、特定方向から特
定波長の光が入射したのときのみ特定方向へ回折するホ
ログラムであって、偽造防止ホログラム、狭帯域波長フ
ィルター等の光学素子として使用可能な複合ホログラム
を提供することである。[0004] The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to provide a hologram that diffracts in a specific direction only when light having a specific wavelength is incident from a specific direction. An object of the present invention is to provide a composite hologram that can be used as an optical element such as a forgery prevention hologram and a narrow band wavelength filter.
【0005】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成する本発
明の複合ホログラムは、一様な平面の干渉縞が記録され
た複数の体積型ホログラムが重畳されるか多重記録され
てなる複合ホログラムであって、特定の入射角の特定の
波長の光のみがこれら複数の体積型ホログラムを順にブ
ラッグ回折して特定の出射角で出射するように、前記複
数の体積型ホログラム各々の干渉縞のスラント角とピッ
チが設定されていることを特徴とするものである。A composite hologram according to the present invention that achieves the above object is a composite hologram in which a plurality of volume holograms on which uniform plane interference fringes are recorded are superimposed or multiplex-recorded. The slant angle of each of the interference fringes of each of the plurality of volume holograms so that only light of a specific wavelength at a specific incident angle is Bragg-diffractive in order to emit the plurality of volume holograms at a specific output angle. And a pitch are set.
【0006】この場合、例えば2枚の体積型ホログラム
が重畳されるか多重記録されてなるものとすることがで
きる。In this case, for example, two volume holograms can be superimposed or multiplex-recorded.
【0007】本発明の複合ホログラムは、例えば偽造防
止ホログラムとして用いることができ、立体物、模様等
の物体像が記録された体積型ホログラムの一部の所定パ
ターン領域にのみその複数の体積型ホログラムを重畳す
るか多重記録して構成することもできる。The composite hologram of the present invention can be used, for example, as an anti-counterfeit hologram, and a plurality of volume holograms are formed only in a part of a predetermined pattern area of a volume hologram in which an object image such as a three-dimensional object or a pattern is recorded. Can be superposed or multiplex-recorded.
【0008】本発明の複合ホログラムは、また、高指向
性狭帯域波長フィルターとして用いることができる。[0008] The composite hologram of the present invention can also be used as a highly directional narrow band wavelength filter.
【0009】本発明においては、特定の入射角の特定の
波長の光のみが複数の体積型ホログラムを順にブラッグ
回折して特定の出射角で出射するように、その複数の体
積型ホログラム各々の干渉縞のスラント角とピッチが設
定されているので、特定の入射角で特定の波長の光が入
射したときのみ、特定の出射角でその光が回折し、他の
入射角及び波長においてはその出射角の方向へ回折しな
いので、例えば偽造防止ホログラムとして有用であり、
また、高指向性狭帯域波長フィルター等の光学素子とし
て使用可能なものである。In the present invention, interference of each of the plurality of volume holograms is performed so that only light of a specific wavelength at a specific incident angle is Bragg-diffractive in order through a plurality of volume holograms and emitted at a specific output angle. Since the slant angle and pitch of the fringes are set, the light is diffracted at a specific emission angle only when light of a specific wavelength enters at a specific incident angle, and the light is emitted at other incident angles and wavelengths. Since it does not diffract in the direction of the angle, it is useful, for example, as a forgery prevention hologram,
Further, it can be used as an optical element such as a high directivity narrow band wavelength filter.
【0010】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】以下に、本発明の複合ホログラム
の原理と実施例について説明する。図1に断面を示すよ
うに、一様な平面の干渉縞3、4(フリンジ)が記録さ
れた2枚の体積型ホログラム1、2が重畳されいる場合
を考える。図1においては、干渉縞3、4はそれぞれ1
面しか図示していないが、実際には一定ピッチで平行に
多数の干渉縞が形成されている。以下に、ホログラム1
に入射した光5がホログラム1の干渉縞3でブラッグ回
折を受け、その回折光が今度はホログラム2に入射して
その干渉縞4でブラッグ回折を受け、再びホログラム1
あるいはホログラム2から回折光6として出射する場合
について検討する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The principle and embodiments of the composite hologram of the present invention will be described below. Consider a case where two volume holograms 1 and 2 on which interference fringes 3 and 4 (fringes) of a uniform plane are recorded are superimposed as shown in a cross section in FIG. In FIG. 1, interference fringes 3 and 4 are each 1
Although only the surface is shown, many interference fringes are actually formed in parallel at a constant pitch. Below, hologram 1
Light 5 incident on the hologram 1 undergoes Bragg diffraction at the interference fringes 3 of the hologram 1, and the diffracted light enters the hologram 2 this time and undergoes Bragg diffraction at the interference fringes 4.
Alternatively, the case where the light is emitted from the hologram 2 as the diffracted light 6 will be considered.
【0011】ホログラム1、2の干渉縞3、4の法線
N’、N”が何れも図1の平面内にあるとし、また、ホ
ログラム1、2の平均屈折率は同じnとする。ホログラ
ム1の干渉縞のスラント角(ホログラム1の平面に対す
る角度)をθ、干渉縞のピッチ(隣接する干渉縞間の距
離)をPとする。ホログラム2の干渉縞のスラント角を
φ、干渉縞のピッチをQとする。空気中から入射角Iで
入射した光5のホログラム1内での屈折角をI’で表
す。It is assumed that the normals N 'and N "of the interference fringes 3 and 4 of the holograms 1 and 2 are all within the plane of FIG. 1, and that the holograms 1 and 2 have the same average refractive index n. The slant angle of the interference fringe 1 (the angle with respect to the plane of the hologram 1) is θ, the pitch of the interference fringes (the distance between adjacent interference fringes) is P. The slant angle of the interference fringe of the hologram 2 is φ, The pitch is Q. The refraction angle in the hologram 1 of the light 5 incident from the air at an incident angle I is represented by I ′.
【0012】空気中からホログラム1の法線に対して入
射角Iで入射した光5で、ホログラム1のフリンジ3の
面にその法線N’から(I’−θ)の角度で入射し、ホ
ログラム1の平面に垂直な法線Nから(2θ−I’)の
角度で回折し、ホログラム2のフリンジ4の面にその法
線N”から(π+2θ−φ−I’)の角度で入射し、ホ
ログラム1(2)の平面に垂直な法線Nから(2φ+
I’−2θ−π)の角度で回折し、空気中に屈折角Dで
出射する光6を考える。Light 5 incident from the air at an incident angle I with respect to the normal of the hologram 1 is incident on the surface of the fringe 3 of the hologram 1 at an angle of (I'-θ) from the normal N 'thereof, The light is diffracted at an angle of (2θ-I ′) from a normal N perpendicular to the plane of the hologram 1 and is incident on the surface of the fringe 4 of the hologram 2 at an angle of (π + 2θ−φ−I ′) from the normal N ″. From the normal N perpendicular to the plane of the hologram 1 (2) (2φ +
Consider light 6 diffracted at an angle of I′−2θ−π) and emitted into air at a refraction angle D.
【0013】ホログラム1のブラッグ波長は、 (2P/n)×cos(I’−θ) ・・・(1) ホログラム2のブラッグ波長は、 (2Q/n)×cos(π+2θ−φ−I’) ・・・(2) である。この両波長が一致するときのみ光は上記のよう
な回折を行う。The Bragg wavelength of the hologram 1 is (2P / n) × cos (I′−θ) (1) The Bragg wavelength of the hologram 2 is (2Q / n) × cos (π + 2θ−φ−I ′) ) (2) The light diffracts as described above only when the two wavelengths match.
【0014】つまり、 Pcos(I’−θ)=−Qcos(2θ−φ−I’) ・・・(3) ここで、 A=(θ−φ)/2 B=(2I’−3θ+φ)/2 r=−P/Q とおくと、上記(3)式は次のように書ける。That is, Pcos (I′−θ) = − Qcos (2θ−φ−I ′) (3) where A = (θ−φ) / 2 B = (2I′−3θ + φ) / If 2r = -P / Q, the above equation (3) can be written as follows.
【0015】 rcos(A+B)=cos(A−B) ・・・(4) (r−1)cosAcosB=(r+1)sinAsinB・・・(5) tanB=(r−1)/{(r+1)tanA} ・・・(6) tan{(2I’−3θ+φ)/2} =(−P−Q)/[(−P+Q)tan{(θ−φ)/2}]・(7) I’=tan-1〔(P+Q)/[(P−Q)tan{(θ−φ)/2}]〕 +(3θ−φ)/2 ・・・(8) となる。Rcos (A + B) = cos (AB) (4) (r-1) cosAcosB = (r + 1) sinAsinB ... (5) tanB = (r-1) / {(r + 1) tanA } (6) tan {(2I′−3θ + φ) / 2} = (− P−Q) / [(− P + Q) tan {(θ−φ) / 2}] · (7) I ′ = tan −1 [(P + Q) / [(P−Q) tan {(θ−φ) / 2}]] + (3θ−φ) / 2 (8)
【0016】つまり、入射光5の入射角Iは、 I=sin-1《nsin〈tan-1〔(P+Q)/[(P−Q)× tan{(θ−φ)/2}]〕+(3θ−φ)/2〉》・(9) となる。That is, the incident angle I of the incident light 5 is given by: I = sin −1 << n sin <tan −1 [(P + Q) / [(P−Q) × tan {(θ−φ) / 2}]] + (3θ−φ) / 2 >>> (9)
【0017】また、そのときのブラッグ波長λは、 λ=(2P/n)cos〈tan-1〔(P+Q)/[(P−Q)× tan{(θ−φ)/2}]〕+(θ−φ)/2〉・・(10) となり、回折光6の回折角Dは、 D=sin-1《nsin〈tan-1〔(P+Q)/[(P−Q)× tan{(θ−φ)/2}]〕+(3φ−θ)/2〉》・(11) となる。The Bragg wavelength λ at that time is: λ = (2P / n) cos <tan −1 [(P + Q) / [(P−Q) × tan {(θ−φ) / 2}]] + (Θ−φ) / 2> ·· (10), and the diffraction angle D of the diffracted light 6 is as follows: D = sin −1 << nsin <tan −1 [(P + Q) / [(P−Q) × tan} ( θ−φ) / 2}]] + (3φ−θ) / 2 >>> (11)
【0018】以上の検討より明らかなように、一様な平
面状の干渉縞を記録した2枚の体積型ホログラムを重畳
するか、あるいは、1枚のホログラム媒体中に多重記録
することにより、2つの干渉縞により順次回折される回
折波長は(10)式を満たす特定の単波長であり、その
際の(9)式を満たす入射角I、(11)式を満たす回
折角Dも特定の1つの値であることが分かる。なお、光
線の可逆性から、入射角Iと回折角Dを入れ換えても良
いから、このような複合ホログラムは、特定の入射角I
又はDで特定の波長λの光が入射したときのみ、特定の
出射角D又はIでその光が回折し、他の入射角及び波長
においてはその出射角の方向へ回折しないことが分か
る。なお、3枚以上の体積型ホログラムを重畳するか、
あるいは多重記録したものも同様な解析によりこのよう
な解が存在し得る。As is clear from the above examination, two volume holograms on which uniform planar interference fringes are recorded are superimposed or multiplex-recorded on one hologram medium. The diffraction wavelength sequentially diffracted by the two interference fringes is a specific single wavelength satisfying the expression (10), and the incident angle I satisfying the expression (9) and the diffraction angle D satisfying the expression (11) at that time are also a specific wavelength. It can be seen that there are two values. Incidentally, since the incident angle I and the diffraction angle D may be interchanged due to the reversibility of light rays, such a composite hologram has a specific incident angle I
Alternatively, it can be seen that only when light having a specific wavelength λ is incident at D, the light is diffracted at a specific emission angle D or I, and is not diffracted in the direction of the emission angle at other incident angles and wavelengths. Note that three or more volume holograms are superimposed,
Alternatively, such a solution may exist in a multiplexed recording by a similar analysis.
【0019】実際の数値例を示す。図2はホログラム1
の干渉縞のスラント角θが50°、そのピッチPが70
0nm、ホログラム2の干渉縞のスラント角θが−60
°、そのピッチPが800nm、両ホログラム1、2の
平均屈折率nが1.52のときの、図1の構成の複合ホ
ログラムの入射角Iに対する回折角(出射角)D(太い
実線)、ホログラム1の入射角Iに対するブラッグ波長
λ(▲角系列)、ホログラム2の入射角Iに対するブラ
ッグ波長λ(◇系列)を示す。図2から、両ホログラム
1、2で順番にブラッグ回折される波長λは、λ=80
1.1579nm、入射角Iは、I=32.05901
°、回折角(出射角)Dは、D=30.59181°と
なる。この値は、上記(9)〜(11)式から求めた値
と一致する。なお、当然、入射角Iと出射角Dは入替え
可能である。An example of actual numerical values will be shown. Figure 2 shows hologram 1
The slant angle θ of the interference fringes is 50 ° and the pitch P is 70
0 nm, the slant angle θ of the interference pattern of the hologram 2 is −60.
°, when the pitch P is 800 nm and the average refractive index n of both holograms 1 and 2 is 1.52, the diffraction angle (outgoing angle) D (thick solid line) with respect to the incident angle I of the composite hologram having the configuration of FIG. The Bragg wavelength λ (▲ series) for the incident angle I of the hologram 1 and the Bragg wavelength λ (◇ series) for the incident angle I of the hologram 2 are shown. From FIG. 2, the wavelength λ that is sequentially Bragg diffracted by both holograms 1 and 2 is λ = 80
1.1579 nm, the incident angle I is I = 32.05901
°, and the diffraction angle (emission angle) D is D = 30.59181 °. This value matches the value obtained from the above equations (9) to (11). Note that the incident angle I and the output angle D can be exchanged.
【0020】図3はホログラム1の干渉縞のスラント角
θが−40°、そのピッチPが700nm、ホログラム
2の干渉縞のスラント角θが45°、そのピッチPが8
00nm、両ホログラム1、2の平均屈折率nが1.5
2のときの、図2と同様の図であり、λ=662.50
27nm、入射角Iは、I=6.092934°、回折
角(出射角)Dは、D=9.135626°となる。こ
の場合も、上記(9)〜(11)式から求めた値と一致
する。また、同様に入射角Iと出射角Dは入替え可能で
ある。FIG. 3 shows that the slant angle θ of the interference fringes of the hologram 1 is −40 °, the pitch P is 700 nm, the slant angle θ of the interference fringes of the hologram 2 is 45 °, and the pitch P is 8
00 nm, the average refractive index n of both holograms 1 and 2 is 1.5
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG.
27 nm, the incident angle I is I = 6.092934 °, and the diffraction angle (emission angle) D is D = 9.135626 °. Also in this case, the values match the values obtained from the above equations (9) to (11). Similarly, the incident angle I and the outgoing angle D can be interchanged.
【0021】さて、以上のような複合ホログラムは、特
定の2つの方向の一方から入射した特定の狭い波長帯域
の光のみをその特定の2つの方向の他方へ回折し、他の
方向、波長の光は直通するなり全く別の方向へ回折する
特性を有するが、このような複合ホログラムを複製等の
手法で偽造することは極めて困難であるのと同時に、再
生のために光源、読み取り受光素子を所定の厳密な相対
位置、方向に配置しなければならない。したがって、こ
のようなホログラムは、例えば偽造防止ホログラムとし
て有用なものである。偽造防止ホログラムとして用いる
場合は、図1のような2層のホログラム1、2が重ねて
なるホログラム媒体、あるいは、干渉縞3、4を多重記
録してなる1層構成のホログラム媒体をそのまま用い
て、CDカード、プリペイドカード、定期券、通帳、パ
スポート、身分証明書、商品等の対象物に貼り付けて用
いることができる。また、図4に示すように、立体物、
模様等の物体像11を記録したフォトポリマー等の体積
型ホログラム媒体10の一部の所定パターン領域12に
のみ2つの干渉縞3、4を記録しておき、所定の方向
(入射角I又はD)から所定波長(λ)の光を入射した
ときに、所定の方向(回折角D又はI)からこの所定パ
ターン領域12のパターンが読み取れるか否かにより、
その媒体10が真実なものか偽造されたものかを判断す
ることができる。The composite hologram as described above diffracts only light of a specific narrow wavelength band incident from one of two specific directions to the other of the specific two directions, and converts the light of other directions and wavelengths into the other two directions. Although light has the property of being directly transmitted and diffracted in a completely different direction, it is extremely difficult to forge such a composite hologram by a method such as duplication, and at the same time, a light source and a reading light receiving element are used for reproduction. They must be arranged in predetermined strict relative positions and directions. Therefore, such a hologram is useful, for example, as a forgery prevention hologram. When used as an anti-counterfeit hologram, a hologram medium in which two layers of holograms 1 and 2 are superimposed as shown in FIG. 1 or a hologram medium having a single layer configuration in which interference fringes 3 and 4 are multiplex-recorded is used as it is. , A CD card, a prepaid card, a commuter pass, a passbook, a passport, an identification card, a product, and the like. Also, as shown in FIG.
Two interference fringes 3 and 4 are recorded only in a part of a predetermined pattern area 12 of a volume type hologram medium 10 such as a photopolymer on which an object image 11 such as a pattern is recorded, and are recorded in a predetermined direction (incident angle I or D). ), A light of a predetermined wavelength (λ) is incident, and depending on whether or not the pattern of the predetermined pattern area 12 can be read from a predetermined direction (diffraction angle D or I).
It is possible to determine whether the medium 10 is true or forged.
【0022】また、本発明の複合ホログラムは、例えば
指向性の強い狭帯域波長フィルターとしても用いること
ができる。その場合は、例えば図5に示すように、メタ
ルハライドランプ等の高輝度の白色光源21からの発散
光を正レンズ22により略平行な光束23に変換して、
高指向性狭帯域波長フィルター20として用いる本発明
の体積型ホログラム1と2を重畳あるいは多重記録して
なる複合ホログラム20にその光束23の主光線が入射
角I又はDで入射するようにすればよい。このような配
置で本発明の複合ホログラム20を用いれば、出射角
(回折角)D又はIで出射する光24は、光源21から
の放射された光の中の特定波長λの光であって、出射角
がフィルター20の何れの位置でも同じ角度D又はIの
もののみが選択されるので、出射光24は単色波長で平
行性が高いものとなる。すなわち、本発明による複合ホ
ログラムは高指向性狭帯域波長フィルターとして用いる
ことができる。The composite hologram of the present invention can also be used, for example, as a narrow-band wavelength filter having strong directivity. In that case, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, divergent light from a high-luminance white light source 21 such as a metal halide lamp is converted into a substantially parallel light flux 23 by a positive lens 22.
If the principal ray of the light beam 23 is incident at an incident angle I or D on the composite hologram 20 formed by superimposing or multiplexing the volume holograms 1 and 2 of the present invention used as the high directivity narrow band wavelength filter 20. Good. When the composite hologram 20 of the present invention is used in such an arrangement, the light 24 emitted at the emission angle (diffraction angle) D or I is light of a specific wavelength λ in the light emitted from the light source 21. Since the same angle D or I is selected at any position of the filter 20 at any position of the filter 20, the emitted light 24 has a monochromatic wavelength and high parallelism. That is, the composite hologram according to the present invention can be used as a highly directional narrow band wavelength filter.
【0023】以上、本発明の複合ホログラムを原理とい
くつかの用途の例について説明してきたが、本発明はこ
れらに限定されず種々の変形、用途が可能である。Although the principle of the composite hologram of the present invention and examples of some uses have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these, and various modifications and uses are possible.
【0024】[0024]
【発明の効果】以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明
の複合ホログラムによると、特定の入射角の特定の波長
の光のみが複数の体積型ホログラムを順にブラッグ回折
して特定の出射角で出射するように、その複数の体積型
ホログラム各々の干渉縞のスラント角とピッチが設定さ
れているので、特定の入射角で特定の波長の光が入射し
たときのみ、特定の出射角でその光が回折し、他の入射
角及び波長においてはその出射角の方向へ回折しないの
で、例えば偽造防止ホログラムとして有用であり、ま
た、高指向性狭帯域波長フィルター等の光学素子として
使用可能なものである。As is apparent from the above description, according to the composite hologram of the present invention, only light of a specific wavelength at a specific incident angle is subjected to Bragg diffraction of a plurality of volume holograms in order and at a specific exit angle. Since the slant angle and pitch of the interference fringes of each of the plurality of volume holograms are set so as to be emitted, only when light of a specific wavelength is incident at a specific incident angle, the light is emitted at a specific emission angle. Is diffracted and does not diffract in the direction of the emission angle at other incident angles and wavelengths, so that it is useful, for example, as a forgery prevention hologram, and can be used as an optical element such as a high directivity narrow band wavelength filter. is there.
【図1】本発明の複合ホログラムの原理を説明するため
の図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a composite hologram of the present invention.
【図2】本発明の1例の複合ホログラムの入射角に対す
る回折角、入射角に対する各ホログラムのブラッグ波長
を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a diffraction angle with respect to an incident angle of a composite hologram according to an example of the present invention, and a Bragg wavelength of each hologram with respect to the incident angle.
【図3】別の例の複合ホログラムの図2と同様の図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of another example composite hologram;
【図4】本発明の複合ホログラムを偽造防止ホログラム
として用いる場合の1例の構成を示す模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a configuration in which the composite hologram of the present invention is used as a forgery prevention hologram.
【図5】本発明の複合ホログラムを高指向性狭帯域波長
フィルターとして用いる場合の配置を示す模式図であ
る。FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an arrangement when the composite hologram of the present invention is used as a highly directional narrow band wavelength filter.
1、2…体積型ホログラム 3、4…干渉縞 5…入射光 6…出射(回折)光 10…体積型ホログラム媒体 11…物体像 12…所定パターン領域 20…高指向性狭帯域波長フィルター(複合ホログラ
ム) 21…白色光源 22…正レンズ 23…略平行光束 24…出射光1, 2, volume hologram 3, 4, interference fringe 5, incident light 6, outgoing (diffraction) light 10, volume hologram medium 11, object image 12, predetermined pattern region 20, high directivity narrow band wavelength filter (composite Hologram) 21 White light source 22 Positive lens 23 Substantially parallel light beam 24 Outgoing light
Claims (5)
体積型ホログラムが重畳されるか多重記録されてなる複
合ホログラムであって、特定の入射角の特定の波長の光
のみがこれら複数の体積型ホログラムを順にブラッグ回
折して特定の出射角で出射するように、前記複数の体積
型ホログラム各々の干渉縞のスラント角とピッチが設定
されていることを特徴とする複合ホログラム。1. A composite hologram in which a plurality of volume holograms on which a uniform plane interference fringe is recorded are superimposed or multiplex-recorded, and only light of a specific wavelength at a specific incident angle is A composite hologram, wherein a slant angle and a pitch of interference fringes of each of the plurality of volume holograms are set so that the plurality of volume holograms are sequentially Bragg-diffused and emitted at a specific emission angle.
多重記録されてなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の複
合ホログラム。2. The composite hologram according to claim 1, wherein two volume holograms are superimposed or multiplex-recorded.
とを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の複合ホログラム。3. The composite hologram according to claim 1, wherein the composite hologram is used as a forgery prevention hologram.
積型ホログラムの一部の所定パターン領域にのみ前記複
数の体積型ホログラムが重畳されるか多重記録されてな
ることを特徴とする請求項3記載の複合ホログラム。4. A volume hologram in which a plurality of volume holograms are superimposed or multiplex-recorded only in a part of a predetermined pattern region of a volume hologram on which an object image such as a three-dimensional object or a pattern is recorded. The composite hologram according to claim 3.
いられることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の複合ホ
ログラム。5. The composite hologram according to claim 1, wherein the composite hologram is used as a highly directional narrow band wavelength filter.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP29376997A JP3912700B2 (en) | 1997-10-27 | 1997-10-27 | Composite hologram |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP29376997A JP3912700B2 (en) | 1997-10-27 | 1997-10-27 | Composite hologram |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH11133232A true JPH11133232A (en) | 1999-05-21 |
JP3912700B2 JP3912700B2 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
Family
ID=17798977
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP29376997A Expired - Fee Related JP3912700B2 (en) | 1997-10-27 | 1997-10-27 | Composite hologram |
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JP (1) | JP3912700B2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003065305A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-07 | Hong-Jong Chang | Apparatus for protecting forgery and alteration of smart card using angular multiplexing hologram and method thereof |
WO2006074558A1 (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2006-07-20 | Kxo Ag | Object having a holographic security feature and method for manufacturing such a feature |
WO2009049600A3 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2009-06-04 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Security and/or valuable document comprising holograms established in different layers |
JP2010044152A (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2010-02-25 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Anti-forgery volume hologram |
JP2010044151A (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2010-02-25 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Transmission type optical element |
WO2014115682A1 (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2014-07-31 | 合同会社3Dragons | Personal authentication device |
JP2016109530A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-20 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Optical device and vehicle in which optical device is mounted |
US11782384B2 (en) | 2017-10-20 | 2023-10-10 | H010 Limited | Holographic recordings replaying images upon illumination |
-
1997
- 1997-10-27 JP JP29376997A patent/JP3912700B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003065305A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-07 | Hong-Jong Chang | Apparatus for protecting forgery and alteration of smart card using angular multiplexing hologram and method thereof |
WO2006074558A1 (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2006-07-20 | Kxo Ag | Object having a holographic security feature and method for manufacturing such a feature |
WO2009049600A3 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2009-06-04 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Security and/or valuable document comprising holograms established in different layers |
JP2010044152A (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2010-02-25 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Anti-forgery volume hologram |
JP2010044151A (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2010-02-25 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Transmission type optical element |
WO2014115682A1 (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2014-07-31 | 合同会社3Dragons | Personal authentication device |
JPWO2014115682A1 (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2017-01-26 | 合同会社3Dragons | Personal authentication device |
JP2016109530A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-20 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Optical device and vehicle in which optical device is mounted |
US11782384B2 (en) | 2017-10-20 | 2023-10-10 | H010 Limited | Holographic recordings replaying images upon illumination |
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JP3912700B2 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
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