JPH109555A - Method and device for sensing level of ash melting furnace - Google Patents
Method and device for sensing level of ash melting furnaceInfo
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- JPH109555A JPH109555A JP8164286A JP16428696A JPH109555A JP H109555 A JPH109555 A JP H109555A JP 8164286 A JP8164286 A JP 8164286A JP 16428696 A JP16428696 A JP 16428696A JP H109555 A JPH109555 A JP H109555A
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- furnace
- level
- level detection
- detecting
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は焼却灰やばいじんな
どの灰を溶融処理する灰溶融炉に係り、特に炉内の溶融
スラグや溶融メタルのレベルを検出する検出方法および
検出装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ash melting furnace for melting ash such as incinerated ash and dust, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for detecting the level of molten slag and molten metal in the furnace.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】都市ごみ、下水汚泥等の各種廃棄物は焼
却施設で焼却処理され、生じた焼却灰やばいじんは、従
来埋め立て処分されていた。しかし、埋め立て処分地枯
渇の問題や有害重金属類の溶出による地下水汚染の問題
があるため溶融による減量・減容化と無害化の必要性が
高まってきている。2. Description of the Related Art Various wastes such as municipal solid waste and sewage sludge have been incinerated in an incineration facility, and the resulting incinerated ash and dust have conventionally been disposed of in landfills. However, due to the problem of depletion of landfill sites and the problem of groundwater contamination due to elution of harmful heavy metals, the necessity for weight reduction, volume reduction, and detoxification by melting is increasing.
【０００３】このような背景で灰中の残留炭素、コーク
ス、灯油、電力を熱源とした溶融処理方式が提案され、
一部で実処理が行われている。このうち、電力を熱源と
した溶融炉としてプラズマアーク加熱方式や抵抗加熱方
式などがある。[0003] Under such a background, a melting treatment method using a residual carbon in ash, coke, kerosene, and electric power as a heat source has been proposed.
Actual processing is performed in part. Among them, there are a plasma arc heating method and a resistance heating method as a melting furnace using electric power as a heat source.
【０００４】抵抗加熱方式の灰溶融炉は、溶融スラグ内
に対抗電極を配置し、直流または交流通電による電気抵
抗熱（ジユール熱）により灰を加熱溶融するものであ
り、１）熱効率が高い、２）発生ガスが少ない、３）ア
ークを生成しないためフリッカが発生しない、４）溶融
スラグと溶融メタルとを分離した分割出滓ができる、と
いう特徴がある。The resistance heating type ash melting furnace has a counter electrode disposed in a molten slag and heats and melts the ash by electric resistance heat (Jule heat) by direct or alternating current. 1) High thermal efficiency. 2) The amount of gas generated is small. 3) No flicker is generated because no arc is generated. 4) Separated slag that separates molten slag and molten metal can be formed.
【０００５】かかる抵抗加熱方式の灰溶融炉の一例を図
２に示す。図２は灰溶融炉の断面図である。図において
ａは電気抵抗式の灰溶融炉である。灰ｊは炉蓋ｎに設け
た灰投入口ｂから投入される。ｃは炉蓋ｎを貫通して昇
降可能に挿入された上部電極であり、黒鉛を使用してい
る。ｄは炉底に設けた炉底電極で、導電性のれんがを使
用している。ｍは電源であり、上部電極ｃおよび炉底電
極ｄに接続されている。電源ｍは直流または２相交流を
用いる。電源ｍが直流である場合は、上部電極ｃを陽
極、炉底電極ｄを陰極とするのが好ましい。FIG. 2 shows an example of such a resistance heating type ash melting furnace. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the ash melting furnace. In the figure, a is an electric resistance type ash melting furnace. Ash j is introduced from an ash inlet b provided in the furnace lid n. Reference numeral c denotes an upper electrode penetrating the furnace lid n so as to be vertically movable, and uses graphite. d is a furnace bottom electrode provided on the furnace bottom and is made of conductive brick. m is a power supply, which is connected to the upper electrode c and the furnace bottom electrode d. The power supply m uses DC or two-phase AC. When the power supply m is a direct current, it is preferable that the upper electrode c be an anode and the furnace bottom electrode d be a cathode.
【０００６】次に作用を説明する。溶融炉ａ内に投入さ
れた灰ｊは電気抵抗熱により溶融する。灰溶融炉ａの内
では比重差により、下方の溶融メタル層ｈと上方の溶融
スラグ層ｇに分離しており、溶融スラグ層ｇの上方に未
溶融の灰ｊが浮いた状態で灰カバー層ｉを形成してい
る。Next, the operation will be described. The ash j put into the melting furnace a is melted by electric resistance heat. In the ash melting furnace a, the molten metal layer h is separated into a lower molten metal layer h and an upper molten slag layer g due to a difference in specific gravity. i.
【０００７】溶融スラグｅは溶融スラグ出口ｐから外部
に排出される。灰溶融炉ａ内で溶融スラグ層ｇの温度は
１１００°〜１２００°Ｃとなっている。溶融スラグｅ
と溶融メタルｆの電気抵抗は極端に異なっているので、
溶融メタル層ｈ内ではジュール熱がほとんど発生せず、
従って溶融メタル層ｈ上面の薄い層のみが溶融した状態
であり、残りは固体である。溶融スラグｅの主成分はけ
い砂と石灰であり、溶融メタルｆの主成分は鉄である。[0007] The molten slag e is discharged from the molten slag outlet p to the outside. The temperature of the molten slag layer g in the ash melting furnace a is 1100 ° C to 1200 ° C. Molten slag e
And the molten metal f have extremely different electrical resistances,
Joule heat hardly occurs in the molten metal layer h,
Therefore, only the thin layer on the upper surface of the molten metal layer h is in a molten state, and the rest is solid. The main components of the molten slag e are silica sand and lime, and the main component of the molten metal f is iron.
【０００８】灰の溶融中に発生するガスは排気口ｋから
排ガスｒとなって外部に流出し、乾式または湿式の排ガ
ス処理装置に導かれる。排ガスｒ中にはダストの外、塩
化水素、一酸化炭素、酸化ナトリウムなどが含まれてい
る。溶融スラグｅは排出口ｐから間歇的または連続的に
排出される。溶融メタル層ｈは溶融スラグｅを排出後、
溶融メタル層ｈと上部電極ｃとの間でアークを発生させ
て溶融し排出口ｑから外部に排出される。The gas generated during the melting of the ash becomes exhaust gas r from the exhaust port k, flows out to the outside, and is led to a dry or wet exhaust gas treatment device. Exhaust gas r contains, in addition to dust, hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, sodium oxide, and the like. The molten slag e is discharged intermittently or continuously from the discharge port p. After discharging the molten slag e, the molten metal layer h
An arc is generated between the molten metal layer h and the upper electrode c to be melted and discharged outside through the discharge port q.
【０００９】かかる灰溶融炉ａを起動するには、当初投
入する灰ｊの中に鉄などの金属粉を混入して灰ｊを電気
の良導体とし、それに通電することにより溶融する。灰
ｊが溶融して溶融スラグｅとなると電気の良導体となる
ので、以後は金属粉を混入することなく、連続溶融が可
能になる。In order to start the ash melting furnace a, a metal powder such as iron is mixed into the ash j initially charged to make the ash j a good electric conductor, and the ash j is melted by supplying electricity thereto. When the ash j is melted to become a molten slag e, it becomes a good conductor of electricity, so that continuous melting can be performed thereafter without mixing metal powder.
【００１０】以上述べたように灰溶融炉ａを停止すると
き、内部の溶融スラグ層ｇを完全に排出しておけば、容
易に再起動を行うことができる。しかし電極電源ｍが停
止したりしたとき溶融スラグ層ｇが炉内に残ると、その
ままでは固体となったスラグは電気の不良導体なので、
上部電極ｃと炉底電極ｄとの間で通電することができな
くなり、再起動ができなくなる。As described above, when the ash melting furnace a is stopped, if the inside molten slag layer g is completely discharged, the ash melting furnace a can be easily restarted. However, if the molten slag layer g remains in the furnace when the electrode power supply m is stopped, the slag that has become solid as it is is a poor conductor of electricity,
Electricity cannot be applied between the upper electrode c and the furnace bottom electrode d, and restart cannot be performed.
【００１１】そのため、電極電源ｍが停止したときには
オイルバーナでバックアップして溶融スラグｅが固化し
ないようにして速やかに溶融スラグｅを炉外に排出し、
溶融メタル層ｈに薄く膜状に残った溶融スラグｅはオイ
ルバーナにより吹き飛ばして溶融メタル層ｈの上面が露
出した状態にする。電源ｍが停止したとき、溶融スラグ
層ｇを排出しきれず、固化した溶融スラグ層ｇが灰溶融
炉ａ内に残ってしまったときには、はつりによりそれを
除去するか、オイルバーナで溶融させ、通電可能として
から再起動することになる。For this reason, when the electrode power supply m is stopped, the molten slag e is quickly backed out by an oil burner to prevent the molten slag e from solidifying, and the molten slag e is quickly discharged out of the furnace.
The molten slag e thinly remaining in the molten metal layer h in a film shape is blown off by an oil burner so that the upper surface of the molten metal layer h is exposed. When the power supply m is stopped, the molten slag layer g cannot be completely discharged, and when the solidified molten slag layer g remains in the ash melting furnace a, remove the molten slag layer g by means of a dropper or melt it with an oil burner and supply electricity. It will restart after it is possible.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】以上述べた灰溶融炉に
おいて、溶融スラグや溶融メタルの出滓のタイミングな
どを決定するため、炉内に貯留する溶融スラグ層ｇの上
面のレベルおよび溶融メタル層ｈ上面（即ち、溶融メタ
ル層ｈと溶融スラグ層ｇの境界）のレベルを正確に検出
する必要がある。しかし従来これらのレベルを検出する
適当な方法がなかった。たとえば、主電極ｃを下降させ
つつ通電状況を計測すれば、主電極ｃの下端が、溶融ス
ラグ層ｇ上面に達すれば通電が開始するし、電源ｍに定
電流回路を設けておいて、主電極ｃの下端が溶融メタル
層ｈ上面に達すれば、電圧が０になるので、それによっ
て溶融スラグ層ｇおよび溶融メタル層ｈのレベルが検出
できると考えられる。しかし主電極ｃは黒鉛製で操業中
に常時消耗して短くなるので、操業中の正確な長さがわ
からず、従ってこのような方法では溶融スラグ層ｇおよ
び溶融メタル層ｈのレベルの検出はできない。In the ash melting furnace described above, the level of the upper surface of the molten slag layer g stored in the furnace and the level of the molten metal layer are determined in order to determine the timing of molten slag and molten metal slag. It is necessary to accurately detect the level of the upper surface h (that is, the boundary between the molten metal layer h and the molten slag layer g). However, there has been no suitable method for detecting these levels. For example, if the energization state is measured while lowering the main electrode c, energization is started when the lower end of the main electrode c reaches the upper surface of the molten slag layer g, and a constant current circuit is provided in the power source m. When the lower end of the electrode c reaches the upper surface of the molten metal layer h, the voltage becomes 0, so that it is considered that the levels of the molten slag layer g and the molten metal layer h can be detected. However, since the main electrode c is made of graphite and is constantly consumed and shortened during operation, the exact length during operation is not known, and therefore, the level of the molten slag layer g and the molten metal layer h cannot be detected by such a method. .
【００１３】本発明は従来技術のかかる問題点に鑑み案
出されたもので、主電極に隣り合って昇降可能に設けら
れたレベル検出用電極を利用して溶融スラグ層ｇおよび
溶融メタル層ｈのレベルを検出することのできる灰溶融
炉のレベル検出方法および装置を提供することを目的と
する。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and utilizes a level detecting electrode provided adjacent to the main electrode and capable of ascending and descending, to use a molten slag layer g and a molten metal layer h. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for detecting the level of an ash melting furnace capable of detecting the level of ash.
【００１４】[0014]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
本願第１発明の灰溶融炉のレベル検出方法は炉底に設け
た炉底電極と、炉蓋を貫通して昇降可能に挿入した主電
極と、主電極に隣り合って炉蓋を貫通して昇降可能に挿
入したレベル検出用電極とを有し、主電極と炉底電極と
の間で通電して電気抵抗熱により灰を溶融する灰溶融炉
において、炉内に貯留した溶融スラグ層およびその下方
に貯留した溶融メタル層のレベルを検出する灰溶融炉の
レベル検出方法であって、レベル検出用電極と炉底電極
との間で通電すべく、定電流回路を有する電源を接続
し、電流と電圧とを計測しつつ、レベル検出用電極を昇
降させ、昇降の過程で、電圧の電流に対する比が不連続
に変化するレベル検出用電極の位置を検出することによ
り、溶融スラグ層および溶融メタル層のレベルを検出す
るものである。In order to achieve the above object, a method for detecting the level of an ash melting furnace according to the first invention of the present application comprises a furnace bottom electrode provided on a furnace bottom, and a main electrode inserted through a furnace lid so as to be vertically movable. It has an electrode and a level detection electrode inserted vertically through the furnace lid adjacent to the main electrode so as to be able to move up and down, and electricity is supplied between the main electrode and the furnace bottom electrode to melt the ash by electric resistance heat. In a ash melting furnace, a level detection method of an ash melting furnace for detecting a level of a molten slag layer stored in the furnace and a molten metal layer stored therebelow, wherein a level detection electrode and a bottom electrode are provided. To supply current, connect a power supply with a constant current circuit, measure the current and voltage, raise and lower the level detection electrode, and use the level detection for the ratio of voltage to current that changes discontinuously in the process of raising and lowering By detecting the position of the electrode, the molten slag layer and And detects the level of the fine molten metal layer.
【００１５】また本願第２発明の灰溶融炉のレベル検出
方法は炉底に設けた炉底電極と、炉蓋を貫通して昇降可
能に挿入した主電極と、主電極に隣り合って炉蓋を貫通
して昇降可能に挿入したレベル検出用電極とを有し、主
電極と炉底電極との間で通電して電気抵抗熱により灰を
溶融する灰溶融炉において、炉内に貯留した溶融スラグ
層のレベルを検出する灰溶融炉のレベル検出方法であっ
て、レベル検出用電極と主電極との間で通電すべく、定
電流回路を有する電源を接続し、電流と電圧とを計測し
つつ、起動電極を昇降させ、昇降の過程で、電圧の電流
に対する比が不連続に変化する起動電極の位置を検出す
ることにより、溶融スラグ層のレベルを検出するもので
ある。The method for detecting the level of an ash melting furnace according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a furnace bottom electrode provided on a furnace bottom, a main electrode penetrating through the furnace lid so as to be vertically movable, and a furnace lid adjacent to the main electrode. In the ash melting furnace, which has a level detection electrode inserted so as to be able to ascend and descend through the main body and an electric current flows between the main electrode and the furnace bottom electrode to melt the ash by electric resistance heat, the melting stored in the furnace A level detection method for an ash melting furnace for detecting a level of a slag layer, in which a power supply having a constant current circuit is connected to measure current and voltage in order to supply current between a level detection electrode and a main electrode. The level of the molten slag layer is detected by raising and lowering the starting electrode and detecting the position of the starting electrode at which the ratio of voltage to current changes discontinuously in the process of raising and lowering.
【００１６】さらに本願第３発明の灰溶融炉のレベル検
出装置は炉底に設けた炉底電極と、炉蓋を貫通して昇降
可能に挿入した主電極と、主電極に隣り合って炉蓋を貫
通して昇降可能に挿入したレベル検出用電極とを有し、
主電極と炉底電極との間で通電して電気抵抗熱により灰
を溶融する灰溶融炉において、炉内に貯留した溶融スラ
グ層およびその下方に貯留した溶融メタル層のレベルを
検出する灰溶融炉のレベル検出装置であって、主電極と
レベル検出用電極とに定電流回路を有する電源を接続す
る回路と、該回路内に設けられた電流計および電圧計
と、電流計および電圧計の出力から電圧の電流に対する
比を計算するＶ／Ｉ演算器と、レベル検出用電極の位置
を検出する位置検出器とを有するものである。Further, the ash melting furnace level detecting device according to the third aspect of the present invention includes a furnace bottom electrode provided on the furnace bottom, a main electrode penetrating the furnace lid so as to be vertically movable, and a furnace lid adjacent to the main electrode. And a level detection electrode inserted so as to be able to ascend and descend through
In an ash-melting furnace where electricity flows between the main electrode and the bottom electrode to melt the ash by electric resistance heat, the ash melting that detects the level of the molten slag layer stored in the furnace and the level of the molten metal layer stored below it A level detection device for a furnace, comprising: a circuit for connecting a power supply having a constant current circuit to a main electrode and a level detection electrode; an ammeter and a voltmeter provided in the circuit; and an ammeter and a voltmeter. It has a V / I calculator for calculating the ratio of voltage to current from the output, and a position detector for detecting the position of the level detection electrode.
【００１７】次に本発明の作用を説明する。レベル検出
用電極と炉底電極との間で通電できるように定電流回路
を有する電源を接続し、レベル検出用電極を最も高い位
置（待機位置）から徐々に降下させる。レベル検出用電
極の下端が溶融スラグ層の上面に到達する前には回路は
開いた状態なので当然電流Ｉは０であり、電圧Ｖは一定
値なのでＶ／Ｉは無限大（∞）である。レベル検出用電
極の下端が、溶融スラグ層の上面に到達すると回路が閉
じ、レベル検出用電極と炉底電極との間に電流Ｉが流れ
始め、Ｖ／Ｉは有限の値となり、従って、起動電極のこ
の位置でＶ／Ｉは不連続に変化する。さらにレベル検出
用電極を降下させると、レベル検出用電極下端と炉底電
極との距離が狭まり、電気抵抗が減少するので、定電流
回路が有るため電圧Ｖが低下し、従ってＶ／Ｉも低下す
る。Next, the operation of the present invention will be described. A power supply having a constant current circuit is connected so that current can flow between the level detection electrode and the furnace bottom electrode, and the level detection electrode is gradually lowered from the highest position (standby position). Before the lower end of the level detecting electrode reaches the upper surface of the molten slag layer, the current is naturally 0 because the circuit is in an open state, and V / I is infinite (∞) because the voltage V is a constant value. When the lower end of the level detecting electrode reaches the upper surface of the molten slag layer, the circuit is closed, and a current I starts to flow between the level detecting electrode and the furnace bottom electrode, V / I becomes a finite value, and therefore, the start-up is performed. At this location on the electrode, the V / I varies discontinuously. When the level detection electrode is further lowered, the distance between the lower end of the level detection electrode and the furnace bottom electrode is reduced, and the electric resistance is reduced. Therefore, since the constant current circuit is provided, the voltage V is reduced, and the V / I is also reduced. I do.
【００１８】レベル検出用電極が溶融メタル層上面（溶
融スラグ層と溶融メタル層との境界面）に到達すると電
気抵抗が極端に減少する。即ち、溶融スラグ層の抵抗率
ρ（Ω・ｃｍ）はρ＝０．１〜０．５であるのに対し、
溶融メタル層の抵抗率ρ＝１０-6〜１０-8である。定電
流回路があるので、電圧は略０になり、Ｖ／Ｉも０にな
る。従ってレベル検出用電極のこの位置でもＶ／Ｉは不
連続に変化する。When the level detecting electrode reaches the upper surface of the molten metal layer (the boundary surface between the molten slag layer and the molten metal layer), the electric resistance is extremely reduced. That is, while the resistivity ρ (Ω · cm) of the molten slag layer is ρ = 0.1 to 0.5,
The resistivity ρ of the molten metal layer is 10 −6 to 10 −8 . Since there is a constant current circuit, the voltage becomes substantially zero and V / I also becomes zero. Therefore, V / I also changes discontinuously at this position of the level detection electrode.
【００１９】レベル検出用電極は通常の操業時には最も
高い位置で待機しており、消耗しないので、レベル検出
用電極昇降装置の起動電極把持部と下端との距離が予め
わかっている。従って、レベル検出用電極昇降装置に起
動電極の位置検出器を設けておけば、上述のＶ／Ｉの不
連続点の位置から溶融スラグ層および溶融メタル層のレ
ベルを検出することができる。Since the level detecting electrode stands by at the highest position during normal operation and does not wear out, the distance between the starting electrode gripping portion and the lower end of the level detecting electrode lifting device is known in advance. Therefore, if the level detector electrode lifting / lowering device is provided with the position detector of the starting electrode, the level of the molten slag layer and the molten metal layer can be detected from the position of the above-mentioned V / I discontinuous point.
【００２０】また、主電極とレベル検出用電極との間で
通電できるように定電流回路を有する電源を接続してお
けば、同様に溶融スラグ層のレベルを検出することがで
きる。但し、この場合は、溶融メタル層のレベルの検出
はできない。If a power supply having a constant current circuit is connected so that a current can flow between the main electrode and the level detecting electrode, the level of the molten slag layer can be detected similarly. However, in this case, the level of the molten metal layer cannot be detected.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の実施の形態】以下本発明の１実施形態について
図面を参照しつつ説明する。図１は本発明の灰溶融炉の
レベル検出装置の一部断面側面図である。図において１
は灰溶融炉である。１ａは炉底電極であり、導電性の耐
火れんがにより形成されている。１ｂは炉蓋である。１
ｃは主電極で、炉蓋１ｂを貫通して昇降可能に挿入され
て、下端は溶融スラグ層１ｅ内に没入している。主電極
１ｃの材質は黒鉛である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a level detecting device of an ash melting furnace according to the present invention. 1 in the figure
Is an ash melting furnace. Reference numeral 1a denotes a furnace bottom electrode, which is formed of conductive refractory brick. 1b is a furnace lid. 1
Reference numeral c denotes a main electrode, which is inserted through the furnace lid 1b so as to be able to move up and down, and has a lower end immersed in the molten slag layer 1e. The material of the main electrode 1c is graphite.
【００２２】１ｄは起動電極であり、主電極１ｃに隣り
合って設けられており、炉蓋１ｂを貫通して昇降可能に
挿入されている。レベル検出用電極１ｄは図に示すよう
に炉蓋１ｂに設けられた排気口１ｈを貫通するように設
けるのが好ましい。レベル検出用電極１ｄは通常操業時
には図に実線で示すように下端は排気の邪魔にならない
高い位置に待機している。１ｅは溶融スラグ層、１ｆは
溶融メタル層、１ｋは未溶融の灰が浮いた状態の灰カバ
ー層、１ｉは溶融スラグの排出口、１ｊは溶融メタルの
排出口である。これらの排出口１ｉ，１ｊは運転中は耐
火マッドにより閉塞されている。Reference numeral 1d denotes a starting electrode, which is provided adjacent to the main electrode 1c, and is inserted through the furnace lid 1b so as to be vertically movable. The level detection electrode 1d is preferably provided so as to penetrate an exhaust port 1h provided in the furnace lid 1b as shown in the figure. During normal operation, the lower end of the level detecting electrode 1d stands by at a high position that does not hinder exhaust as shown by the solid line in the figure. 1e is a molten slag layer, 1f is a molten metal layer, 1k is an ash cover layer in which unmolten ash is floating, 1i is an outlet for molten slag, and 1j is an outlet for molten metal. These outlets 1i, 1j are closed by a refractory mud during operation.
【００２３】２は定電流回路を内蔵する電源であり、配
線９により主電極１ｃ、レベル検出用電極１ｄ、炉底電
極１ａにそれぞれ接続されている。電源２は直流電源で
あり、主電極１ｃが陽極、炉底電極１ａが陰極になるよ
うに接続する。なお、電源は直流に限らず交流でもよ
い。Reference numeral 2 denotes a power supply having a built-in constant current circuit, which is connected to a main electrode 1c, a level detection electrode 1d, and a furnace bottom electrode 1a by wiring 9. The power supply 2 is a DC power supply, and is connected so that the main electrode 1c functions as an anode and the furnace bottom electrode 1a functions as a cathode. The power source is not limited to DC but may be AC.
【００２４】３は主電極昇降装置である。ガイドパイプ
３ａに外嵌された電極把持部３ｂが、ウインチ３ｃによ
りロープ３ｄを介して昇降するようになっている。３ｅ
はガイドパイプ３ａの上端に設けたプーリである。４は
レベル検出用電極昇降装置であり、構造は主電極昇降装
置３とほぼ同じである。Reference numeral 3 denotes a main electrode lifting / lowering device. The electrode grip portion 3b externally fitted to the guide pipe 3a is moved up and down by a winch 3c via a rope 3d. 3e
Is a pulley provided at the upper end of the guide pipe 3a. Reference numeral 4 denotes a level detection electrode lifting / lowering device, which has substantially the same structure as the main electrode lifting / lowering device 3.
【００２５】５は電流計であり、主電極用５ａとレベル
検出用電極用５ｂとからなる。６は電圧計である。７は
レベル検出用電極の位置検出装置であり、ウインチ４ｃ
の回転数を検出するロータリエンコーダを使用する。８
はスイッチ、９は電線である。Reference numeral 5 denotes an ammeter, which comprises a main electrode 5a and a level detection electrode 5b. 6 is a voltmeter. Reference numeral 7 denotes a position detection device for the level detection electrode, which is a winch 4c.
Use a rotary encoder that detects the number of rotations. 8
Is a switch, and 9 is an electric wire.
【００２６】１０は電流計５ｂおよび電圧計６の出力を
それぞれ入力し、電圧Ｖの電流Ｉに対する比（Ｖ／Ｉ）
を演算するＶ／Ｉ演算器である。１１はレベル検出用電
極１ｄの位置信号７ａとＶ／Ｉ演算器１０の出力信号１
０ａとを入力し、横軸にレベル検出用電極１ｄの位置、
縦軸にＶ／Ｉの値をそれぞれ取り、その間の関係を表示
器に表示するべく信号１１ａを発信するレベル検出器で
ある。Reference numeral 10 denotes the input of the output of the ammeter 5b and the output of the voltmeter 6, and the ratio of the voltage V to the current I (V / I).
Is a V / I calculator. Reference numeral 11 denotes a position signal 7a of the level detection electrode 1d and an output signal 1 of the V / I calculator 10.
0a, and the horizontal axis represents the position of the level detection electrode 1d,
The vertical axis indicates the value of V / I, and is a level detector that transmits a signal 11a to display the relationship between the values on a display.
【００２７】次に溶融スラグ層１ｅおよび溶融メタル層
１ｆのレベルの検出方法について説明する。レベル検出
用電極１ｄと炉底電極１ａとの間で通電することができ
るように電気回路を設定する。即ち、スイッチ８ａおよ
びスイッチ８ｃは開とし、スイッチ８ｄおよびスイッチ
８ｂは閉とする。レベル検出用電極１ｄが図の実線の位
置、即ち、最上位にある状態では電流計５ｂには電流は
流れていない。レベル検出用電極１ｄを下降させ、下端
が溶融スラグ層１ｅの上面のレベルまで達すると、電流
計５ｂに電流が流れ始める。即ちＶ／Ｉは無限大から有
限の値に不連続に変化する。Next, a method for detecting the levels of the molten slag layer 1e and the molten metal layer 1f will be described. An electric circuit is set so that electricity can be supplied between the level detection electrode 1d and the furnace bottom electrode 1a. That is, the switches 8a and 8c are opened, and the switches 8d and 8b are closed. No current flows through the ammeter 5b when the level detecting electrode 1d is at the position indicated by the solid line in the figure, that is, at the highest position. When the level detecting electrode 1d is lowered and the lower end reaches the level of the upper surface of the molten slag layer 1e, current starts to flow through the ammeter 5b. That is, V / I changes discontinuously from infinity to a finite value.
【００２８】さらにレベル検出用電極１ｄを下降させ、
下端が溶融メタル層１ｆに到達すると電気抵抗が極端に
低下するので、電源２の定電流回路の働きにより、電圧
は０になり従ってＶ／Ｉも０になる。即ちＶ／Ｉは不連
続に変化する。以上の説明をグラフ化したのが図３であ
り、縦軸にＶ／Ｉ、横軸にレベル検出用電極の位置Ｘを
取って示している。横軸Ｘはレベル検出用電極の最も高
い位置をＸ0 とし、溶融スラグ層上面Ｌ1 の位置を
Ｘ1 、溶融メタル層上面Ｌ2 の位置をＸ2 として示して
いる。Further, the level detecting electrode 1d is lowered,
When the lower end reaches the molten metal layer 1f, the electric resistance is extremely reduced. Therefore, the voltage of the power supply 2 becomes 0 by the action of the constant current circuit of the power supply 2, and the V / I also becomes 0. That is, V / I changes discontinuously. FIG. 3 is a graph of the above description, in which V / I is plotted on the vertical axis and the position X of the level detection electrode is plotted on the horizontal axis. The horizontal axis X is the highest position of the level detecting electrode and X 0, indicates the position of the molten slag layer upper surface L 1 X 1, the position of the molten metal layer upper surface L 2 as X 2.
【００２９】次に主電極１ｃとレベル検出用電極１ｄと
の間で通電するように回路を設定して、溶融スラグ層１
ｅの上面Ｌ1 の位置Ｘ1 を検出する方法について説明す
る。スイッチ８ａおよびスイッチ８ｃを閉じ、スイッチ
８ｂおよびスイッチ８ｄは開とする。この状態でレベル
検出用電極１ｄを位置Ｘ0 から下降させる。下端が位置
Ｘ1 に到達すると主電極１ｃとレベル検出用電極１ｄと
の間に電流が流れ始める。これを図３（Ｂ）に示す。Next, a circuit is set so that a current flows between the main electrode 1c and the level detecting electrode 1d, and the molten slag layer 1 is set.
It describes a method of detecting the position X 1 of the upper surface L 1 of e. The switches 8a and 8c are closed, and the switches 8b and 8d are opened. The level detecting electrode 1d is lowered from the position X 0 in this state. Lower current begins to flow between the reaches the position X 1 and a main electrode 1c and the level detection electrode 1d. This is shown in FIG.
【００３０】本発明は以上説明した実施形態に限定され
るものではなく、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の
変更が可能である。先に、本願出願人が行った特許出願
（特願平８−１４２６３０号（未公開））に示されてい
る起動電極をレベル検出用電極として使用出来ることは
勿論のことである。The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. As a matter of course, the starting electrode shown in the patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 8-142630 (not disclosed)) filed by the present applicant can be used as the level detecting electrode.
【００３１】[0031]
【発明の効果】本発明は以上説明したようにレベル検出
用電極を昇降する際下端の位置が溶融スラグ層上面の位
置および溶融メタル層上面の位置に到達したとき、Ｖ／
Ｉの値が不連続に変化することに着目し、それにより溶
融スラグ層上面の位置および溶融メタル層上面の位置を
正確に検出することができる。従って溶融スラグや溶融
メタルの出滓のタイミングを適正に決定できるし、溶融
スラグを連続出滓している場合であっても、適正なスラ
グレベルで操業が行われているか否かを正確に知ること
ができる、などの効果がある。As described above, according to the present invention, when the position of the lower end reaches the position of the upper surface of the molten slag layer and the position of the upper surface of the molten metal layer when raising and lowering the level detecting electrode, V / V
Paying attention to the fact that the value of I changes discontinuously, it is possible to accurately detect the position of the upper surface of the molten slag layer and the position of the upper surface of the molten metal layer. Therefore, it is possible to properly determine the timing of molten slag and molten metal slag, and to know accurately whether or not operation is being performed at an appropriate slag level even when molten slag is continuously slagged. Can be used.
【図１】本発明の灰溶融炉のレベル検出装置の一部断面
側面図である。FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a level detector of an ash melting furnace according to the present invention.
【図２】従来の灰溶融炉の断面図である。FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a conventional ash melting furnace.
【図３】Ｖ／Ｉとレベルとの関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between V / I and level.
１ 灰溶融炉 １ａ 炉底電極 １ｂ 炉蓋 １ｃ 主電極 １ｄ レベル検出用電極 １ｅ 溶融スラグ層 １ｆ 溶融メタル層 ２ 電源 ５ 電流計 ６ 電圧計 ７ レベル検出用電極の位置検出器 １０ Ｖ／Ｉ演算器 １１ レベル検出器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ash melting furnace 1a Furnace bottom electrode 1b Furnace lid 1c Main electrode 1d Level detection electrode 1e Molten slag layer 1f Molten metal layer 2 Power supply 5 Ammeter 6 Voltmeter 7 Level detector electrode position detector 10 V / I calculator 11 level detector
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 安田 直明 東京都江東区豊洲二丁目１番１号 石川島 播磨重工業株式会社東京第一工場内 (72)発明者 梅田 十次郎 神奈川県横浜市磯子区新中原町１番地 石 川島播磨重工業株式会社技術研究所内 (72)発明者 西野 順也 神奈川県横浜市磯子区新中原町１番地 石 川島播磨重工業株式会社技術研究所内 (72)発明者 角田 啓二 山口県岩国市日の出町２−１ 株式会社岩 国製作所内 (72)発明者 長井 和彦 山口県岩国市日の出町２−１ 株式会社岩 国製作所内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Naoaki Yasuda 2-1-1, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Tokyo No. 1 Factory (72) Inventor Toshiro Umeda Arata Isogo-ku, Yokohama No. 1 Nakahara-cho Ishi Kawashima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Junya Nishino No. 1 Shin-Nakahara-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Ishi Kawashima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. 2-1 Hinodecho, Iwakuni-shi Iwakuni Works, Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazuhiko Nagai 2-1 Hinodemachi, Iwakuni-shi, Yamaguchi Prefecture Iwakuni Works, Ltd.
Claims (3)
て昇降可能に挿入した主電極と、主電極に隣り合って炉
蓋を貫通して昇降可能に挿入したレベル検出用電極とを
有し、主電極と炉底電極との間で通電して電気抵抗熱に
より灰を溶融する灰溶融炉において、炉内に貯留した溶
融スラグ層およびその下方に貯留した溶融メタル層のレ
ベルを検出する灰溶融炉のレベル検出方法であって、レ
ベル検出用電極と炉底電極との間で通電すべく、定電流
回路を有する電源を接続し、電流と電圧とを計測しつ
つ、レベル検出用電極を昇降させ、昇降の過程で、電圧
の電流に対する比が不連続に変化するレベル検出用電極
の位置を検出することにより、溶融スラグ層および溶融
メタル層のレベルを検出することを特徴とする灰溶融炉
のレベル検出方法。1. A furnace bottom electrode provided on a furnace bottom, a main electrode inserted through the furnace cover so as to be able to move up and down, and a level detection device inserted adjacent to the main electrode so as to be able to move up and down through the furnace cover. In an ash melting furnace which has an electrode and which is energized between the main electrode and the furnace bottom electrode to melt the ash by electric resistance heat, the molten slag layer stored in the furnace and the molten metal layer stored therebelow. A level detection method of an ash melting furnace for detecting a level, in which a power supply having a constant current circuit is connected to supply current between a level detection electrode and a furnace bottom electrode, while measuring current and voltage, The level of the molten slag layer and the level of the molten metal layer are detected by raising and lowering the level detection electrode and detecting the position of the level detection electrode at which the ratio of voltage to current changes discontinuously in the process of raising and lowering. Characteristic level detection method for ash melting furnace.
て昇降可能に挿入した主電極と、主電極に隣り合って炉
蓋を貫通して昇降可能に挿入したレベル検出用電極とを
有し、主電極と炉底電極との間で通電して電気抵抗熱に
より灰を溶融する灰溶融炉において、炉内に貯留した溶
融スラグ層のレベルを検出する灰溶融炉のレベル検出方
法であって、レベル検出用電極と主電極との間で通電す
べく、定電流回路を有する電源を接続し、電流と電圧と
を計測しつつ、レベル検出用電極を昇降させ、昇降の過
程で、電圧の電流に対する比が不連続に変化するレベル
検出用電極の位置を検出することにより、溶融スラグ層
のレベルを検出することを特徴とする灰溶融炉のレベル
検出方法。2. A furnace bottom electrode provided on the furnace bottom, a main electrode inserted through the furnace lid so as to be able to move up and down, and a level detection device inserted adjacent to the main electrode so as to be able to move up and down through the furnace cover. In an ash melting furnace having an electrode and a current flowing between the main electrode and the furnace bottom electrode and melting the ash by electric resistance heat, the level of the ash melting furnace for detecting the level of the molten slag layer stored in the furnace In the detection method, a power supply having a constant current circuit is connected so as to supply current between the level detection electrode and the main electrode, and the level detection electrode is moved up and down while measuring the current and the voltage. A level detecting method for an ash melting furnace, comprising detecting a level of a molten slag layer by detecting a position of a level detecting electrode at which a ratio of a voltage to a current changes discontinuously in a process.
て昇降可能に挿入した主電極と、主電極に隣り合って炉
蓋を貫通して昇降可能に挿入したレベル検出用電極とを
有し、主電極と炉底電極との間で通電して電気抵抗熱に
より灰を溶融する灰溶融炉において、炉内に貯留した溶
融スラグ層およびその下方に貯留した溶融メタル層のレ
ベルを検出する灰溶融炉のレベル検出装置であって、主
電極とレベル検出用電極とに定電流回路を有する電源を
接続する回路と、該回路内に設けられた電流計および電
圧計と、電流計および電圧計の出力から電圧の電流に対
する比を計算するＶ／Ｉ演算器と、レベル検出用電極の
位置を検出する位置検出器とを有することを特徴とする
灰溶融炉のレベル検出装置。3. A furnace bottom electrode provided on the furnace bottom, a main electrode inserted through the furnace lid so as to be able to move up and down, and a level detection device inserted adjacent to the main electrode and penetrating through the furnace lid so as to be able to move up and down. In an ash melting furnace which has an electrode and which is energized between the main electrode and the furnace bottom electrode to melt the ash by electric resistance heat, the molten slag layer stored in the furnace and the molten metal layer stored therebelow. A level detection device of an ash melting furnace for detecting a level, a circuit for connecting a power supply having a constant current circuit to a main electrode and a level detection electrode, an ammeter and a voltmeter provided in the circuit, A level detector for an ash melting furnace, comprising: a V / I calculator for calculating a ratio of voltage to current from outputs of an ammeter and a voltmeter; and a position detector for detecting a position of a level detection electrode. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16428696A JP3709945B2 (en) | 1996-06-25 | 1996-06-25 | Level detection method and apparatus for ash melting furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16428696A JP3709945B2 (en) | 1996-06-25 | 1996-06-25 | Level detection method and apparatus for ash melting furnace |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH109555A true JPH109555A (en) | 1998-01-16 |
| JP3709945B2 JP3709945B2 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
Family
ID=15790225
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16428696A Expired - Fee Related JP3709945B2 (en) | 1996-06-25 | 1996-06-25 | Level detection method and apparatus for ash melting furnace |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3709945B2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008292072A (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-12-04 | Takuma Co Ltd | Level measuring method and device for ash melting furnace |
| JP2009300010A (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-24 | Takuma Co Ltd | Level measuring method and level measuring device for ash melting furnace |
| CN113847969A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-28 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Method for accurately measuring liquid level of melting furnace molten pool |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103575091A (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2014-02-12 | 安徽工贸职业技术学院 | Thermoelectric furnace provided with temperature control system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008292072A (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-12-04 | Takuma Co Ltd | Level measuring method and device for ash melting furnace |
| JP2009300010A (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-24 | Takuma Co Ltd | Level measuring method and level measuring device for ash melting furnace |
| CN113847969A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-28 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Method for accurately measuring liquid level of melting furnace molten pool |
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