JPH1069103A - Production of electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to efficiently execute a series of stages with good accuracy by successively applying and laminating coating liquids in the state of horizontally holding and rotating a base material for a photoreceptor, enhancing the outside diameter accuracy and surface smoothness of a base material and forming a ground surface material layer and a photosensitive layer. SOLUTION: Flanges 7 which are provided with conductivity or continuity are joined to the tubular base material 1 having the low level of the outside diameter accuracy and surface smoothness. Internally expanding collet chucks having a rotating function are thereafter inserted into the joined flange holes to clamp the base material, by which the base material 1 is horizontally held. The base material is then rotated by a motor. A base material outside diameter-correcting agent is applied on the base material after the operation to prevent repelling to form the coating film having the excellent outside diameter accuracy and surface smoothness, following which the coating film is solidified. A ground surface layer is then formed on the coating film of the base material outside diameter-correcting agent to form a conductive layer. Further, a blocking layer is formed on the conductive layer. A charge generating layer and charge transfer layer are applied and laminated on the ground surface layer formed in such a manner.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、電子写真感光体の
製造法に関する。更に詳しくは、寸法精度の低い基材を
用いて感光体のドラムベースとして使用される精度の高
い基体を得る工程から感光膜を形成する一連の工程を精
度よく、かつ、能率的に行なうことのできる生産性の優
れた電子写真感光体の製造法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member. More specifically, a series of steps from a step of obtaining a high-precision base used as a drum base of a photoreceptor using a base having low dimensional accuracy to a series of steps of forming a photosensitive film with high accuracy and efficiency. The present invention relates to a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent productivity.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、電子写真感光体は、外径精度、表
面平滑度を上げるための精密加工が施された鏡面加工ア
ルミニウム管あるいは樹脂製管を基材とし、これを洗浄
した後、アルミニウム管の場合にはアルマイト処理又は
下引層を塗布し、樹脂管の場合は導電層を形成し、更に
ブロッキング防止層等の下地層を形成し、その上に電荷
発生層、電荷移動層を形成して最後に乾燥を行なう方法
が一般的製法として採用されている。これ等の工程を大
別すると、金属管又は樹脂管の精密機械加工、洗浄、表
面処理、塗布の工程からなっている。これ等の工程は、
利用する機械器具、資材が夫々相異し、また技術が異な
るため、これ等を１つの工場で集中して行なうことは困
難であった。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an electrophotographic photoreceptor has been made of a mirror-finished aluminum tube or a resin-made tube which has been subjected to precision processing for increasing the outer diameter accuracy and the surface smoothness, and after washing the aluminum tube, the aluminum tube is cleaned. In the case of a tube, an alumite treatment or an undercoat layer is applied, in the case of a resin tube, a conductive layer is formed, and further, an underlayer such as an anti-blocking layer is formed, and a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer are formed thereon. And finally drying is adopted as a general production method. These steps are roughly divided into steps of precision machining, cleaning, surface treatment, and coating of a metal tube or a resin tube. These steps are:
Since the machines and materials to be used are different from each other, and the technologies are different, it is difficult to carry out these in a single factory.

【０００３】従って、例えば、金属加工は専門の工場で
行ない、その後、他の工場に移送して洗浄以後の工程を
行うのが一般的である。そのため全体を統一して管理す
ることが難しく塗布欠陥の原因究明についてもどの工程
が真の発生原因であるか解明しにくいこともしばしば生
じている。また、１つの工場で行なわれる洗浄以降の工
程においても水を使用する工程と有機溶媒を使用する工
程とが混在するため、各工程のための治工具が増加し、
また、水を使う工程でのミスト、湿分が有機溶媒を使用
する工程に悪影響を及ぼさぬよう、両者を遮断するなど
の配慮を必要とした。[0003] Therefore, for example, it is common practice that metal processing is performed in a specialized factory and then transferred to another factory to perform processes after cleaning. For this reason, it is difficult to manage the entire system in a unified manner, and it is often difficult to find out which process is the true cause of a coating defect. In addition, since the steps using water and the steps using an organic solvent are mixed in the steps after the cleaning performed in one factory, the number of jigs and tools for each step increases,
In addition, it was necessary to take measures such as shutting off mist and moisture in the step using water so that they would not adversely affect the step using the organic solvent.

【０００４】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、基材から基
体を得る工程から感光剤を塗布する工程迄を含めて、全
てを同種の操作、即ち、塗布液の塗布と固化によって塗
膜を形成積層する操作で製造し得る電子写真感光体の製
造法を提供することにある。また、精度の優れた制御が
容易で、工程管理を一括して行なうことができ、高性能
の感光体を安定して生産性よく製造し得る電子写真感光
体の製造方法を提供することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, the steps from the step of obtaining a substrate from a substrate to the step of applying a photosensitive agent are all carried out by the same kind of operation, that is, by applying and solidifying a coating solution. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can be produced by an operation of forming and laminating. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor which can easily perform high-precision control easily, can perform process control collectively, and can stably produce a high-performance photoreceptor with high productivity. .

【０００５】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明はかかる目的を達
成するためになされたもので、感光体用基材を水平に保
持して回転させた状態で該感光体用基材に塗布液を順次
塗布積層することによって、基材の外径精度、表面平滑
度を高めると共に、下地材層、感光層を形成して感光体
を形成することを特徴とする電子写真感光体の製造法を
提供するものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and a coating solution is applied to a photoreceptor substrate while the photoreceptor substrate is held horizontally and rotated. A method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized by improving outer diameter accuracy and surface smoothness of a substrate by sequentially coating and laminating, and forming a photoreceptor by forming a base material layer and a photosensitive layer. Is what you do.

【０００６】[0006]

【発明の実施の形態】本発明は、電子写真感光体用の基
体を外径寸法精度の低い基材から得る工程から感光層を
形成して電子写真感光体を得るまでの一連の工程が塗布
液の塗布、積層によって行なわれる。本発明において基
材とは、感光体を形成する基体とするために必要とされ
る外径寸法精度、表面平滑度を上げるための加工が行な
われる前の精度の低い管状体を意味し、非管状材料から
加工によって最初に形成された一次加工品が該当する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the present invention, a series of steps from a step of obtaining a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member from a substrate having a low outer diameter dimensional accuracy to a step of forming a photosensitive layer to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive member are carried out. It is performed by applying and laminating a liquid. In the present invention, the substrate refers to a tubular body having a low accuracy before the outer diameter dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness required for forming the photosensitive member are formed, and a non-precision process is performed. A primary product formed first from the tubular material by processing is applicable.

【０００７】アルミニウム管においては、ビュレットか
ら押出された押出管を所定の寸法に切断したものを使用
することができる。樹脂管であれば、押出機によって押
出成形された管状体が用いられる。また、電子写真感光
体として使用された後回収された再生品を使用すること
もできる。本発明において、基材から感光体となるまで
の工程及びその間に塗布積層される塗布液として次のも
のを挙げることができる。In the case of an aluminum tube, a tube obtained by cutting an extruded tube extruded from a burette into a predetermined size can be used. In the case of a resin tube, a tubular body extruded by an extruder is used. Further, a recycled product collected after being used as an electrophotographic photosensitive member can also be used. In the present invention, the following can be mentioned as the process from the substrate to the photoreceptor and the coating liquid applied and laminated during the process.

【０００８】（１）まず、外径精度、表面平滑度のレベ
ルの低い管状の基材に、複写機あるいはプリンターにセ
ットして使用される際に必要な導電化又は導通化された
フランジを接合する。その後、接合されたフランジ穴に
回転機能を備えた内拡コレットチャックを挿入して把持
し、基材を水平に保持して回転させる。(1) First, a conductive or conductive flange required for use in a copying machine or a printer is joined to a tubular base material having a low outer diameter accuracy and a low surface smoothness. I do. Thereafter, an inner expanding collet chuck having a rotation function is inserted into and held in the joined flange holes, and the base material is horizontally held and rotated.

【０００９】（２）次いで、該基材に基材外径修正剤を
塗布して基材の外径精度、平滑度を向上させる工程が行
なわれる。しかし、基材は通常油脂等で汚染されている
ため塗布液のはじきが発生し、均一な連続膜が形成され
ないことがある。このため、予めはじき防止の塗布液が
塗布される。一般には次の工程で用いる基材外径修正剤
を塗布し、弾性体を押し付けて塗布すべき面全体にこす
り付けて連続膜を形成する。この操作によって基材の洗
浄工程を省略することができる。(2) Next, a step of applying a substrate outer diameter correcting agent to the substrate to improve the outer diameter accuracy and smoothness of the substrate is performed. However, since the substrate is usually contaminated with oil or the like, repelling of the coating liquid occurs, and a uniform continuous film may not be formed. Therefore, a coating solution for preventing repelling is applied in advance. In general, a substrate outer diameter correcting agent used in the next step is applied, and an elastic body is pressed and rubbed over the entire surface to be applied to form a continuous film. By this operation, the step of cleaning the substrate can be omitted.

【００１０】（３）はじき防止操作の後、基材外径修正
剤を塗布して外径寸法精度、表面平滑性の優れた塗膜を
形成した後これを固化させる。基材外径修正剤を塗布し
て外径寸法精度の優れた塗膜面を得るためには、硬化性
樹脂等の塗布液を過剰に塗布した後、基材の回転軸に平
行な塗膜表面形成部材を塗膜表面に接触させて余剰の塗
布液を掻き取った後、塗膜表面形成部材を離脱して塗布
液を固化させる方法をとることが望ましい。(3) After the repelling prevention operation, a base material outer diameter correcting agent is applied to form a coating film having excellent outer diameter dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness, and then solidified. To obtain a coated surface with excellent outer diameter dimensional accuracy by applying the substrate outer diameter correcting agent, apply a coating liquid such as a curable resin excessively, and then apply a coating film parallel to the rotation axis of the substrate. It is desirable to take a method in which the surface-forming member is brought into contact with the surface of the coating film to scrape off excess coating solution, and then the coating-surface-forming member is separated to solidify the coating solution.

【００１１】この際、塗膜表面形成部材として、基材の
回転軸に平行に延びる塗膜接触部が半径方向に突出した
構造の杆体を用い、塗膜接触部を前進又は回動して塗膜
に接触させて余剰の塗布液を掻き取った後に杆体を回動
することによって塗膜接触部を塗膜から離脱させること
が望ましい。これによって離脱跡が残らず精度の高い塗
膜面を得ることができる。こうして金属精密加工操作が
塗布液の塗布操作によって置き代り、金属の精密加工技
術を不要とする他、金属の精密加工に伴う加工油の除去
操作も不要となる。In this case, as the coating surface forming member, a rod having a structure in which the coating contact portion extending parallel to the rotation axis of the base material protrudes in the radial direction is used, and the coating contact portion is advanced or rotated to apply the coating. It is desirable that the coating film contact portion is detached from the coating film by rotating the rod after scraping the excess coating solution while making contact with the film. This makes it possible to obtain a highly accurate coating surface without leaving traces of separation. In this way, the metal precision machining operation is replaced by the application operation of the coating liquid, so that the metal precision machining technology is not required, and the processing oil removal operation accompanying the metal precision machining is not required.

【００１２】（４）次いで、基材外径修正剤の塗膜上に
下地層が形成され、一般には先ず導電層が形成される。
一般に、基材の外径寸法精度は前記（１）のフランジの
穴を基準とした全振れで５０〜２００μｍ程度あり、こ
れを塗布液の塗布によって修正するためには、２００μ
ｍ程度の厚さの塗膜が必要となる。この厚さの塗膜を導
電性塗料で形成することはコスト的にも操作上も困難で
あり、基材外径修正剤は、非導電性塗布液を使用するこ
とが望ましい。一方、電子写真感光体のベースは導電化
を必要とする。従って、非導電性の基材外径修正剤の塗
膜面上に、該塗膜面の両端部を越えて導電膜を形成して
基体表面を導電化する。(4) Next, a base layer is formed on the coating film of the substrate outer diameter correcting agent, and generally, a conductive layer is first formed.
Generally, the dimensional accuracy of the outer diameter of the base material is about 50 to 200 μm in total deflection with reference to the hole of the flange described in (1) above.
A coating film having a thickness of about m is required. It is difficult to form a coating film of this thickness with a conductive paint in terms of cost and operation, and it is desirable to use a non-conductive coating liquid as the substrate outer diameter correcting agent. On the other hand, the base of the electrophotographic photosensitive member needs to be made conductive. Therefore, a conductive film is formed on the coating surface of the non-conductive substrate outer diameter correcting agent over both ends of the coating film surface to make the substrate surface conductive.

【００１３】（５）導電膜の上には更にブロッキング層
が形成されるのが一般的である。ブロッキング層は、電
子写真感光体として用いたとき、いわゆるちりかぶりが
発生することを防止するものである。こうして下地層が
形成された上に、機能分離型の感光層であれば（６）電
荷発生層、（７）電荷移動層が塗布積層される。かくし
て必要なすべての機能が塗膜形成及びその固定からなる
操作のみで行なわれることになる。(5) Generally, a blocking layer is further formed on the conductive film. The blocking layer prevents so-called dust fogging when used as an electrophotographic photosensitive member. After the underlayer is thus formed, (6) a charge generation layer and (7) a charge transfer layer are applied and laminated in the case of a function-separated type photosensitive layer. Thus, all necessary functions are performed only by the operations of film formation and fixing.

【００１４】本発明においては、上述の（１）〜（７）
の工程全てを行なうことが望ましいが、（３）はじき防
止、（４）導電膜の形成、（５）ブロッキング層の一部
は、目的あるいは基材外径修正剤の種類によって省略さ
れることもある。また、（６）電荷発生層と（７）電荷
移動層は目的とする感光層に応じて単層型とすることも
できる。In the present invention, the above (1) to (7)
It is desirable to carry out all of the above steps, but (3) anti-repelling, (4) formation of a conductive film, and (5) part of the blocking layer may be omitted depending on the purpose or the type of the substrate outer diameter correcting agent. is there. Further, (6) the charge generation layer and (7) the charge transfer layer can be of a single layer type depending on the intended photosensitive layer.

【００１５】本発明を具体例でもって更に詳細に説明す
る。本発明を実施する装置としては、図１に示す装置を
使用することができる。図１に例示する塗布装置は、円
筒状の基材を水平に支持して回転させる基材回転機構
と、基材の軸線方向に移動しつつ基材の表面に塗布液を
供給する塗布液供給機構と、基材の軸線に平行に配置さ
れた塗膜表面形成部材とから主として構成され、そし
て、塗布液として紫外線硬化樹脂を含有する塗布液を使
用する場合は、当該塗布液を硬化するための紫外線照射
装置を備える。基材回転機構は、所定の間隔を設けて左
右に垂直に配置された軸受け支持プレート２，２、各支
持プレートの上部にそれぞれ設けられた貫通孔に軸受け
（図示せず）を介して水平に配置された回転軸３，３、
一方の回転軸に固設されたギヤー４、ギヤー駆動用モー
ター５、モーター５の回転をギヤー４に伝達するタイミ
ングベルト６から構成されている。The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples. As an apparatus for carrying out the present invention, the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 can be used. The coating apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a substrate rotating mechanism that horizontally supports and rotates a cylindrical substrate, and a coating liquid supply that supplies a coating liquid to the surface of the substrate while moving in the axial direction of the substrate. A mechanism and a coating film surface forming member arranged in parallel to the axis of the base material, and mainly constituted, and when using a coating liquid containing an ultraviolet curable resin as the coating liquid, to cure the coating liquid UV irradiation device. The base material rotating mechanism is provided with bearing support plates 2 and 2 arranged vertically at right and left at predetermined intervals, and horizontally through bearings (not shown) provided in through holes provided in the upper portions of the respective support plates. The rotating shafts 3, 3,
It comprises a gear 4 fixed to one of the rotating shafts, a gear driving motor 5, and a timing belt 6 for transmitting the rotation of the motor 5 to the gear 4.

【００１６】そして、円筒状の基材１の回転は、中心部
に回転軸３の嵌合孔を設け且つ基材１の両端に予め装着
されたフランジ７，７を利用して行なわれる。すなわ
ち、基材１の両端に導電性のフランジ７，７を装着した
後、回転軸３，３の間に基材１を配置し、一方の回転軸
を前進させ、フランジ７，７の各中心孔に回転軸３，３
に設けられたコレットチャックによって固定し、ギヤー
駆動用モーター５によって回転させる。感光体用基材１
に接合するフランジ７，７としては本発明者が既に提案
した方法（特願平７−１２４５０１）を用いることがで
きる。例えば、フランジ７は、図３に示すように基材１
の端部に嵌合する接合部７ａと回転を付与するためのギ
ヤー７ｂを有するものが用いられる。The rotation of the cylindrical substrate 1 is performed by using flanges 7, 7 provided with a fitting hole for the rotating shaft 3 at the center and mounted on both ends of the substrate 1 in advance. That is, after the conductive flanges 7, 7 are attached to both ends of the base 1, the base 1 is disposed between the rotating shafts 3, 3, and one of the rotating shafts is moved forward, and the center of each of the flanges 7, 7 is adjusted. Rotating shaft 3, 3 in the hole
And is rotated by a gear driving motor 5. Photoreceptor substrate 1
Can be used as the flanges 7, 7 which are already proposed by the present inventor (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 7-124501). For example, as shown in FIG.
And a gear 7b for imparting rotation to the joint 7a to be fitted to the end of the shaft.

【００１７】この場合、感光剤の塗布後の乾燥工程で基
材１とフランジ７との熱膨張の差によってフランジ７が
変形を来たすことのないようにするためにフランジ７を
予めアニールしておくと共に、接合部７ａには耐熱性の
弾性ゴム７ｃを周方向に間隔をおいて介装することによ
って弾性的に結合させることが望ましい。なお、弾性ゴ
ム７ｃの外面はフランジ７の接合部７ａより若干高くな
るようにすると共に弾性ゴム７ｃとして導電性のゴムを
用いることが望ましい。In this case, the flange 7 is previously annealed in order to prevent the flange 7 from being deformed due to a difference in thermal expansion between the substrate 1 and the flange 7 in a drying step after the application of the photosensitive agent. At the same time, it is desirable that the heat-resistant elastic rubber 7c is elastically connected to the joining portion 7a by being interposed at intervals in the circumferential direction. It is desirable that the outer surface of the elastic rubber 7c be slightly higher than the joint 7a of the flange 7 and that a conductive rubber be used as the elastic rubber 7c.

【００１８】塗布液供給機構は、所定の間隔を設けて左
右に垂直に配置された支持プレート８，８、各支持プレ
ートの間に配置された２本の案内ロッド９，９、支持プ
レート８，８の間であって案内ロッド９，９の間に配置
され且つ一端が支持プレート８から突出するボールネジ
１０、支持プレート８から突出するボールネジ１０の端
部に固設されたギヤー１１、ギヤー駆動用モーター１
２、モーター１２の回転をギヤー１１に伝達するタイミ
ングベルト１３、その左右にそれぞれ設けられた案内ロ
ッド９の嵌合孔と当該嵌合孔の中央に設けられたボール
ネジ１０を嵌合するボールネジの軸受部とを通して支持
プレート８，８の間に配置された移動体１４、その一端
を移動体１４に固設し且つその先端ノズル部を水平に配
置された基体１の表面に向けて配置されたフレキシブル
な塗布液供給管１５、塗布液供給管１５の他端側に配置
された塗布液容器１６、塗布液供給管１５の途中に配置
された定量ポンプ１７から構成されている。尚、ノズル
先端部から吐出された液が連続膜を形成せず、スパイラ
ル状又はリング状に塗着されてしまってはならない。The coating liquid supply mechanism comprises supporting plates 8, 8 vertically arranged at right and left at predetermined intervals, two guide rods 9, 9 disposed between the supporting plates, 8, a ball screw 10 disposed between the guide rods 9 and 9 and having one end protruding from the support plate 8, a gear 11 fixed to an end of the ball screw 10 protruding from the support plate 8, and a gear drive. Motor 1
2. A timing belt 13 for transmitting the rotation of a motor 12 to a gear 11, and a ball screw bearing for fitting a fitting hole of a guide rod 9 provided on each of the right and left thereof and a ball screw 10 provided at the center of the fitting hole. A movable body 14 disposed between the support plates 8 and 8 through the portion, and one end of the movable body 14 is fixed to the movable body 14 and the tip end nozzle portion thereof is arranged to face the surface of the horizontally arranged base 1. It comprises a coating liquid supply pipe 15, a coating liquid container 16 arranged on the other end of the coating liquid supply pipe 15, and a metering pump 17 arranged in the middle of the coating liquid supply pipe 15. Note that the liquid discharged from the nozzle tip does not form a continuous film and must not be applied in a spiral or ring shape.

【００１９】スパイラル状に塗着した塗布液を連続膜と
する方法として、第４図に示す弾性ブレード２０を用い
ることができる。弾性ブレード２０は、図４に示すよう
に、前面に塗液接触面２０ａを有し、その中央部には前
背面に貫通する小孔２１が穿設され、該小孔２１には背
面からノズル１８が挿入されて連結され、前面の塗液接
触面２０ａ側に塗液吐出口２２を形成する。弾性ブレー
ド２０は弾性的に被塗布物１に当接される。従って、ノ
ズル１８は弾性ブレード２０の動きを拘束しないように
され、ノズル１８を低密度ポリエチレンやシリコンゴム
等の柔軟な可撓性材料で形成するか、あるいはノズル１
８を剛性部材で形成し、可撓性の管状体で連結する。弾
性ブレード２０の材質は塗液に対して耐性を有するもの
であればよいが可撓性を有する弾性材料が適し、ゴム、
プラスチックあるいは銅、アルミニウム、リン青銅、ス
テンレススチール等の金属の薄板を用いることができ
る。特に望ましくは、局部的押圧力を受けたとき凹みが
生じるゴム弾性を有する構造体とすることが望ましい。An elastic blade 20 shown in FIG. 4 can be used as a method for forming a continuous film from a coating liquid applied in a spiral shape. As shown in FIG. 4, the elastic blade 20 has a coating liquid contact surface 20a on the front surface, and a small hole 21 penetrating the front and back surfaces is formed at the center thereof. 18 are inserted and connected to form a coating liquid discharge port 22 on the front side of the coating liquid contact surface 20a. The elastic blade 20 elastically comes into contact with the object 1 to be coated. Therefore, the nozzle 18 is not restricted to the movement of the elastic blade 20, and the nozzle 18 is formed of a soft flexible material such as low density polyethylene or silicon rubber, or the nozzle 1
8 is formed of a rigid member and connected by a flexible tubular body. The material of the elastic blade 20 may be any material having resistance to the coating liquid, but an elastic material having flexibility is suitable, and rubber,
A thin plate of plastic or metal such as copper, aluminum, phosphor bronze, stainless steel, or the like can be used. It is particularly desirable to use a structure having rubber elasticity in which a depression occurs when receiving a local pressing force.

【００２０】このような構造とするためには、エチレン
・プロプレンゴム、フッ素系ゴム、テフロンゴム、シリ
コンゴム、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、軟質塩化ビ
ニル等の軟質材料によって構成することができる。ま
た、低密度ポリエチレン、エチレン・酢酸ビニル等比較
的剛性を有する材料を用い独立気泡性の発泡体とするこ
とによって弾性構造体とすることもできる。また、電荷
発生層の塗布液のような流動帯電を示す液を塗布すると
きは、弾性ブレード２０の塗液接触面２０ａを導電化し
て電気的に接地させることが望ましい。In order to obtain such a structure, it can be made of a soft material such as ethylene / propylene rubber, fluorine-based rubber, Teflon rubber, silicone rubber, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, or soft vinyl chloride. Further, an elastic structure can be obtained by using a relatively rigid material such as low-density polyethylene or ethylene / vinyl acetate to form a closed-cell foam. Further, when applying a liquid exhibiting flow electrification such as a coating liquid for the charge generation layer, it is desirable that the coating liquid contact surface 20a of the elastic blade 20 be made conductive and electrically grounded.

【００２１】塗膜表面形成部材２５は、細長い形状を
し、断面形状は、例えば、図５（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示す形
状の杆体とされている。塗膜表面形成部材２５の駆動機
構は図２に示す如く塗膜表面形成部材２５の両端が軸受
け２６，２６に支持され、軸受けの一方のシャフトは更
に伸びてギヤー２７が取り付けられている。ギヤー２７
にはタイミングベルト２８が掛けられ、該ベルトは支持
台の他端に設けられたギヤードモーター２９の駆動で移
動し、移動するとギヤーが回動し、塗膜表面形成部材２
５が回動する。塗膜表面形成部材２５の断面形状は、図
５（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示すように、該形成部材２５が回動
したとき形成される外周面軌跡に沿った弧状に形成され
た塗膜接触部２５ａと回動軸に対して半径が小さくされ
た離間部２５ｂを有する変形ローラー状とすることが望
ましい。The coating film surface forming member 25 has an elongated shape, and the cross-sectional shape is, for example, a rod having a shape shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. As shown in FIG. 2, the drive mechanism of the coating film surface forming member 25 has both ends of the coating film surface forming member 25 supported by bearings 26, 26, and one shaft of the bearing is further extended and a gear 27 is attached. Gear 27
, A timing belt 28 is hung, and the belt is moved by the drive of a geared motor 29 provided at the other end of the support base.
5 rotates. As shown in FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (B), the cross-sectional shape of the coating film surface forming member 25 is a coating film formed in an arc shape along a locus of an outer peripheral surface formed when the forming member 25 rotates. It is desirable to use a deformed roller having a contact portion 25a and a separation portion 25b whose radius is reduced with respect to the rotation axis.

【００２２】塗膜表面形成部材２５は基材１の回転軸線
と平行に配置され、その長さは、基材１の軸線方向の塗
布長と等しいかあるいは若干長くされ、そして、基材１
の軸線と平行に位置する部分は直線状になされている。
該形成部材２５は製作上、断面はどの部分も一様である
ことが望ましい。特に好ましい該形成部材２５の断面形
状は、塗着面に接触を始める位置から漸増する半径を有
した後、一定の半径を有し更に減少する半径を有する図
５（Ｂ）のような一定断面形状であり、この形状によれ
ば、該部材が塗着面に最後に向かい合う部位が回転軸３
に最も近づくことになり、回動開始からある角度までは
回動により部材表面は回転軸からの距離を小さくする。
なお、塗膜表面形成部材２５が基材１表面の塗着樹脂を
掻き取るとき基材１と形成部材２５との間の塗布液が主
として基材１側に付着して塗膜を形成するようにするた
めに該形成部材２５を加熱することが望ましい。The coating film surface forming member 25 is disposed parallel to the rotation axis of the substrate 1, the length thereof is equal to or slightly longer than the coating length of the substrate 1 in the axial direction.
The portion located in parallel with the axis of is linear.
It is desirable that the cross section of the forming member 25 be uniform in all parts for manufacturing. A particularly preferable cross-sectional shape of the forming member 25 is a constant cross section as shown in FIG. 5B having a radius that gradually increases from a position where the coating member starts to contact the application surface, and then has a constant radius and further decreases. According to this shape, the part where the member finally faces the application surface is the rotating shaft 3.
And the surface of the member is reduced in distance from the rotation axis by the rotation from the start of rotation to a certain angle.
When the coating film surface forming member 25 scrapes off the coating resin on the surface of the substrate 1, the coating liquid between the substrate 1 and the forming member 25 mainly adheres to the substrate 1 side to form a coating film. It is desirable to heat the forming member 25 in order to achieve the above.

【００２３】本発明の塗膜形成は、上記の様な塗布装置
を使用して次のように行われる。先ず、基材回転機構に
より、基材１を水平に支持して回転させつつ、塗布液供
給機構により、基材１の表面に塗布液を供給して基材１
表面に塗布液を塗着すると共に弾性ブレード２０でこす
り付けることによってはじき防止処理を行なう。はじき
防止処理は、通常次に行なわれる基材外径修正剤を用
い、小量の塗布液を塗着して弾性ブレード２０でこすっ
て基材１の塗布すべき面に塗布液をなじませる操作を行
なう。The coating film of the present invention is formed as follows using the above-described coating apparatus. First, while the substrate 1 is horizontally supported and rotated by the substrate rotating mechanism, the coating liquid is supplied to the surface of the substrate 1 by the coating liquid supply mechanism so that the substrate 1 is rotated.
A repelling prevention process is performed by applying a coating liquid on the surface and rubbing the coating solution with the elastic blade 20. The anti-repelling treatment is an operation of applying a small amount of a coating liquid and then rubbing with an elastic blade 20 to apply the coating liquid to the surface of the substrate 1 to be coated, using a substrate outer diameter correcting agent which is usually performed next. Perform

【００２４】通常、はじき防止処理における塗布液の塗
着は３０００ｃｐより粘度の高い硬化性樹脂を、平均肉
厚２０μｍ程度となる量を塗着し、弾性ブレード２０で
基材１にこすり付けて基材１の塗布面全面に連続膜を形
成する。はじき防止処理は通常１回で充分であるが目的
に応じて２回以上とすることもできる。この操作によっ
て硬化性樹脂に油付着あるいはゴミ付着のために部分的
に表面張力の異常あるいはその他のはじきの発生原因が
生じたとしてもこれを克服して全面にはじきのない平滑
な塗膜を形成させることができる。Usually, the application of the coating liquid in the repelling prevention treatment is performed by applying a curable resin having a viscosity higher than 3000 cp in an amount of about 20 μm in average thickness and rubbing the substrate 1 with the elastic blade 20. A continuous film is formed on the entire coating surface of the material 1. One repelling prevention process is usually sufficient, but may be performed two or more times depending on the purpose. This operation overcomes any surface tension abnormalities or other causes of repelling due to oil or dust adhering to the curable resin, and forms a smooth coating film without repelling over the entire surface. Can be done.

【００２５】次いで基材外径修正処理が行なわれる。基
材外径修正処理は、基材外径修正剤からなる塗布液の供
給量を増加して基材表面を形成するに必要な量に対して
過剰の塗布液を塗着させると共に弾性ブレード２０でな
らして連続膜とする。一般に、塗布液は固化膜厚が１５
０〜２５０μｍになる量が望ましい。はじき防止処理と
基材表面形成処理の弾性ブレード２０は同じであっても
よいが、押付力を変更可能にするか、２種の弾性ブレー
ド２０を用意してはじき防止操作の際の押付力を大きく
し、以後の塗膜積層工程では押付力を小さくすることが
望ましい。基材外径修正剤からなる塗布液が基材１表面
に塗着された後、次いで、基材１の表面の塗布液が流動
性を失う前に、塗膜表面形成部材２５を基材１の軸線と
平行にして塗布面に接触させる。Next, a base material outer diameter correcting process is performed. In the base material outer diameter correcting process, the supply amount of the coating solution comprising the base material outer diameter correcting agent is increased to apply an excessive amount of the coating solution to the amount necessary for forming the base material surface, and the elastic blade 20 is used. Then, a continuous film is formed. Generally, the coating liquid has a solidified film thickness of 15
An amount of 0 to 250 μm is desirable. The elastic blades 20 in the repelling prevention process and the substrate surface forming process may be the same, but the pressing force can be changed or two types of elastic blades 20 are prepared to reduce the pressing force in the repelling prevention operation. It is desirable to increase the pressure and reduce the pressing force in the subsequent coating film laminating step. After the coating solution comprising the base material outer diameter correcting agent is applied to the surface of the base material 1, the coating film surface forming member 25 is removed from the base material 1 before the coating solution on the surface of the base material 1 loses fluidity. In parallel with the axis of.

【００２６】塗膜表面形成部材２５の塗布面への接触
は、塗膜表面形成部材２５を所定の位置に設定しギヤー
ドモーターとタイミングベルトで回動させ、図５
（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示すように塗膜接触部２５ａのＡ部を
回転軸３０を軸として基材１側に回動することによって
塗膜と接触せしめることができる。なお、塗膜表面形成
部材２５の最大前進距離（基材の回転軸と部材の塗膜接
触部との間隔）は、該形成部材２５の形状と該形成部材
２５の回動を支持する軸受けの固定位置との何れか或い
は両方によって調整することが出来る。塗膜表面形成部
材２５が最近接した状態での塗布面への接触は、通常、
基材１が３〜３０回転する間にわたって行えばよい。そ
の後、更に形成部材２５を回動させることによって、形
成部材２５を水平移動させずに形成部材２５を塗布表面
から引き離す。これによって塗膜表面に離脱跡が残りに
くくなる。この時、形成部材２５の回動方向は、基材１
の回転方向と同じ方向即ち接触部では反対方向に回転す
るのが望ましい。The contact of the coating surface forming member 25 with the coating surface is performed by setting the coating surface forming member 25 at a predetermined position and rotating the gear by a geared motor and a timing belt.
As shown in (A) and (B), the portion A of the coating film contact portion 25a can be brought into contact with the coating film by rotating the portion A of the coating film contacting portion 25a around the rotation shaft 30 as the axis. The maximum advance distance of the coating film surface forming member 25 (the distance between the rotation axis of the base material and the coating film contact portion of the member) is determined by the shape of the forming member 25 and the bearing that supports the rotation of the forming member 25. It can be adjusted by either or both of the fixed positions. Contact with the coating surface in the state where the coating film surface forming member 25 is in closest contact is usually
It may be performed while the substrate 1 rotates 3 to 30 times. Thereafter, by further rotating the forming member 25, the forming member 25 is separated from the application surface without horizontally moving the forming member 25. This makes it difficult for traces of detachment to remain on the coating film surface. At this time, the rotating direction of the forming member 25 is
It is desirable to rotate in the same direction as the direction of rotation, ie, in the opposite direction at the contact portion.

【００２７】なお、基材１の回転方向は、塗膜表面形成
部材２５で掻き取られた塗布液が塗膜表面形成部材２５
上に滞留せず速やかに流下する図５（Ｂ）の方向が好ま
しい。形成部材２５の表面は塗膜表面と平行を保ったま
ま一斉に塗膜表面から引き離されるため、形成部材２５
の離脱跡が塗布表面に残りにくくなる。更に図５の
（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）に示す塗膜表面形成部材２５を用いれ
ば離間部２５ｂの部分は１回転する間全く塗布液と接触
することがない。この２５ｂを使って、該形成部材と塗
布面との引き離しを行うので、該部材離しの影響は更に
小さくなるのである。 次いで、外径寸法精度の高めら
れた塗膜を固化させる。塗膜の固化は使用した塗布液に
応じた手段がとられ、熱硬化性樹脂であるときは加熱、
光硬化性樹脂であるときは紫外線等の光を照射すること
によって硬化させる。The rotation direction of the substrate 1 is such that the coating liquid scraped off by the coating film surface forming member 25
The direction shown in FIG. 5B in which the water does not stay on the surface and flows down quickly is preferable. Since the surface of the forming member 25 is simultaneously separated from the coating film surface while keeping the surface of the forming member 25 parallel, the forming member 25
Traces are less likely to remain on the coating surface. Furthermore, if the coating film surface forming member 25 shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B is used, the separation portion 25b does not come into contact with the coating liquid at all during one rotation. Since the formation member is separated from the application surface by using the 25b, the influence of the separation of the member is further reduced. Next, the coating film with improved outer diameter dimensional accuracy is solidified. The solidification of the coating film is taken according to the coating solution used, and when the resin is a thermosetting resin, heating,
When it is a photocurable resin, it is cured by irradiating light such as ultraviolet rays.

【００２８】本発明においては、外径寸法の修正された
基材１は、引き続いて下地材層の形成のための塗布積層
操作が行なわれるが、これ等の操作は基材１の表面形成
剤を塗布する装置を用いて行ってもよく、また、コンベ
アー等で次の位置に送られて夫々の専用機を用いて行っ
てもよい。外径寸法が修正された基材１は、導電層、ア
ンダーコート層等の下地材層が塗布、固化によって形成
される。導電層塗布とアンダーコート層塗布の間には
０．５〜３分程度の風乾時間を設けることが望ましい。In the present invention, the base material 1 whose outer diameter has been modified is subjected to a coating and laminating operation for forming a base material layer. May be carried out using an apparatus for applying the toner, or may be sent to the next position by a conveyor or the like and carried out using each dedicated machine. The base material 1 whose outer diameter is corrected is formed by applying and solidifying a base material layer such as a conductive layer and an undercoat layer. It is desirable to provide an air drying time of about 0.5 to 3 minutes between the application of the conductive layer and the application of the undercoat layer.

【００２９】次いで電荷発生層を塗布する。電荷発生層
はパイプ中を輸送すると一般的にプラスに帯電し、ブレ
ードでのレベリング後も塗布した未固定塗液中で顔料が
移動するので、弾性ブレード２０を導電化して接地した
り、パイプ中に電極を導入して逆帯電させて未固定塗液
中の顔料の移動を防止し、濃淡むらやブレードによるス
パイラル模様の発生を阻止することが望ましい。次いで
電荷移動層を塗布する。該移動層塗液はパイプ輸送によ
る帯電現象が見られないので前記した導電層・アンダー
コート層と同じ塗布方式を採用することが出来る。Next, a charge generation layer is applied. The charge generating layer is generally positively charged when transported in the pipe, and the pigment moves in the unfixed coating liquid applied even after leveling with the blade. It is desirable to introduce an electrode into the substrate and reversely charge it to prevent the movement of the pigment in the unfixed coating liquid, and to prevent the occurrence of uneven shading and the occurrence of a spiral pattern due to the blade. Next, a charge transfer layer is applied. The moving layer coating liquid does not show any charging phenomenon due to pipe transport, so that the same coating method as the above-described conductive layer / undercoat layer can be adopted.

【００３０】電荷移動層塗布・風乾後、熱風乾燥を行
う。このときは、水平回転保持は必要でないので、該保
持装置からアンロードし、別途乾燥用の保持具に移設す
るのが便利である。かくして、管状一次加工品からスタ
ートし、最後の電荷移動層を設ける全工程を塗布のみで
達成することができる。After applying the charge transfer layer and air drying, hot air drying is performed. At this time, since horizontal rotation holding is not necessary, it is convenient to unload from the holding device and separately transfer to a holding member for drying. Thus, the entire process of providing the last charge transfer layer, starting from the tubular primary workpiece, can be achieved by coating alone.

【００３１】[0031]

【実施例】使用した管状一次加工品、フランジ、ＵＶ硬
化樹脂、導電性塗料、アンダーコート塗料、電荷発生層
塗料、電荷移動層塗料の仕様は表１に示す。まずフラン
ジの導電性シリコンゴムチップのない個所に瞬間弾性接
着剤（セメダイン社製ＰＭ３００）を塗布し、押出し管
に圧入する。すぐに水平回転軸にセットされた内拡コレ
ットチャックをフランジ穴に挿入し、内拡チャックす
る。次に基材外径修正剤として紫外線硬化樹脂を平均膜
厚２０μｍになるようにノズルからスパイラル状に吐出
し、発泡エチレンプロピレンゴムブロックを押し付けて
連続膜を作る。膜は１０分以内では洗浄されていない押
出し工程から持ち込まれた管そのまゝでもはじきは発生
しなかった。EXAMPLES Table 1 shows the specifications of the used tubular primary processed product, flange, UV curable resin, conductive paint, undercoat paint, charge generation layer paint, and charge transfer layer paint. First, an instant elastic adhesive (PM300, manufactured by Cemedine Co.) is applied to a portion of the flange where there is no conductive silicon rubber chip, and pressed into an extruded tube. Immediately insert the collapsible chuck set on the horizontal rotating shaft into the flange hole and perform the chucks. Next, a UV curable resin as a base material outer diameter correcting agent is spirally discharged from a nozzle so as to have an average film thickness of 20 μm, and a foamed ethylene propylene rubber block is pressed to form a continuous film. The membrane did not repel within 10 minutes of the tube brought in from the unwashed extrusion process.

【００３２】続いて、平均膜厚１５０〜２５０μｍでワ
ークの中央部程厚い連続膜となるように、吐出流量は一
定としてノズルの送り速度を両端程速く中央程遅くして
塗着させる。硬化後の外径が３０．００ｍｍφとなるよ
うに塗膜表面形成部材の前進位置を決め、７０℃に加熱
した。塗膜表面形成部材は、回転につれて基材とのギャ
ップが漸減し、次いで一定となり、更に塗膜から離脱す
るように図５（Ｂ）の形状のものを用いた。塗膜表面形
成部材を回動して塗膜接触部を塗膜に接触せしめて余剰
の塗液を掻き取った後、更に回動して塗膜接触部を塗膜
から離脱させた。Subsequently, the coating is performed with the discharge flow rate constant and the nozzle feed speed increased toward both ends and decreased toward the center so as to obtain a continuous film having an average film thickness of 150 to 250 μm and thicker in the center of the work. The advanced position of the coating film surface forming member was determined so that the outer diameter after curing was 30.00 mmφ, and the coating film was heated to 70 ° C. As the coating film surface forming member, a member having the shape shown in FIG. 5B was used so that the gap with the substrate gradually decreased with rotation, then became constant, and further separated from the coating film. The coating film surface forming member was rotated to bring the coating contact portion into contact with the coating film to scrape off excess coating liquid, and then further rotated to separate the coating contact portion from the coating film.

【００３３】次いで、基材以外の部分に遮光用覆いをか
けて、基材に紫外光を照射して硬化させた。紫外線硬化
樹脂面はフランジ穴中心の回転振れスペックを満足し、
表面は平滑になり、外径は３０．００±０．０２ｍｍφ
となった。次に、導電層とアンダーコート層を塗布し
た。導電層は入手原料を溶媒で６重量％に稀釈し湿潤膜
厚で６７μｍとなるように液を吐出させた。アンダーコ
ートは２．５重量％の液を用いて３０μｍ湿潤膜厚とし
た。Then, a portion other than the substrate was covered with a light-shielding cover, and the substrate was irradiated with ultraviolet light to be cured. The UV curable resin surface satisfies the run-out specifications around the center of the flange hole,
Surface becomes smooth, outer diameter is 30.00 ± 0.02mmφ
It became. Next, a conductive layer and an undercoat layer were applied. For the conductive layer, the obtained raw material was diluted to 6% by weight with a solvent, and the liquid was discharged so that the wet film thickness became 67 μm. The undercoat had a wet film thickness of 30 μm using a 2.5% by weight liquid.

【００３４】電荷発生塗料は、送液管に電極を設けて塗
着膜の電荷がほぼ０となるように電圧をかけた。この実
験においては−５ＫＶが最も適当であった。１．５重量
％塗液を湿潤膜厚３０μｍに塗布した。弾性ブレードは
発泡ポリエチレンの上にＡｌ−ＰＥＴシートをＡｌ側が
液と接するようにして密着し、Ａｌ側を接地したものを
用いた。For the charge generation paint, a voltage was applied so that an electrode was provided in the liquid sending tube and the charge of the coating film was almost zero. -5 KV was most appropriate in this experiment. A 1.5% by weight coating solution was applied to a wet film thickness of 30 μm. The elastic blade used was one in which an Al-PET sheet was adhered onto foamed polyethylene so that the Al side was in contact with the liquid, and the Al side was grounded.

【００３５】電荷移動塗料は１４．６重量％、湿潤膜厚
１４４μｍで塗布した。以上一連の塗布を行い、風乾
後、フランジをチャックしているコレットチャックを緩
め、ワークを水平保持から取り出して、クリーン乾燥機
に投入した。１２５℃、２５ｍｉｎの乾燥を行い、ＰＩ
ＣＤにより電気特性を測定した。結果を表２に示す。表
２には、切削管をトリクロロエチレン洗浄後、アンダー
コート層、電荷発生層、電荷移動層を浸漬塗布した場合
と比較して示したが、両者の電気特性はほヾ同等であっ
た。The charge transfer paint was applied at 14.6% by weight with a wet film thickness of 144 μm. After the above series of coatings were performed and air-dried, the collet chuck chucking the flange was loosened, the work was taken out of the horizontal holding, and was put into a clean dryer. After drying at 125 ° C for 25 minutes, PI
Electrical characteristics were measured by CD. Table 2 shows the results. Table 2 shows a comparison of the case where the undercoat layer, the charge generation layer, and the charge transfer layer were dip-coated after washing the cutting tube with trichloroethylene, and the electrical characteristics of both were almost the same.

【００３６】[0036]

【表１】 [Table 1]

【００３７】[0037]

【表２】 [Table 2]

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】本発明を実施するための装置の一例を示す斜視
図。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the present invention.

【図２】図１装置の表面形成部材の駆動部の斜視図。FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a driving unit of a surface forming member of the apparatus in FIG. 1;

【図３】基材のフランジを示す斜視図。FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a flange of a base material.

【図４】弾性ブレードを示す縦断面図。FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an elastic blade.

【図５】表面形成部材を示す縦断面図。FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a surface forming member.

【符号の簡単な説明】[Brief description of reference numerals]

１ ：基材 ３ ：回転軸 ７ ：フランジ １５：塗布液供給管 １８：ノズル ２０：弾性ブレード 1: base material 3: rotating shaft 7: flange 15: coating liquid supply pipe 18: nozzle 20: elastic blade

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 感光体用基材を水平に保持して回転させ
た状態で該感光体用基材に塗布液を順次塗布積層するこ
とによって、基材の外径精度、表面平滑度を高めると共
に、下地材層、感光層を形成して感光体を形成すること
を特徴とする電子写真感光体の製造法。1. An outer diameter accuracy and a surface smoothness of a substrate are improved by sequentially coating and laminating a coating solution on the substrate for a photoreceptor while the substrate for a photoreceptor is held horizontally and rotated. A method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, comprising forming a base material layer and a photosensitive layer to form a photoreceptor. 【請求項２】 予めその両端にフランジを装着した感光
体用基材を用いる請求項１記載の電子写真感光体の製造
法。2. The method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein a substrate for a photoreceptor having flanges attached to both ends thereof is used in advance. 【請求項３】 感光体用基材を水平に保持して回転させ
ると共に、該感光体用基材に、該基材の外径寸法精度を
高めるための塗膜を形成する塗布液を過剰量塗布し、次
いで基材の回転軸に平行に位置し半径方向に突出した塗
膜接触部を有する塗膜表面形成部材を用いて、前記塗膜
接触部を塗膜に接触せしめて余剰の塗布液を掻き取った
後、塗膜表面形成部材を回動することによって塗膜から
離脱せしめる工程を含む請求項１又は２記載の電子写真
感光体の製造法。3. A photoreceptor substrate is horizontally held and rotated, and an excessive amount of a coating solution for forming a coating film on the photoreceptor substrate to improve the outer diameter dimensional accuracy of the substrate is provided. Applying, then, using a coating surface forming member having a coating contact portion which is located parallel to the rotation axis of the substrate and has a radially protruding coating contact portion, the coating contact portion is brought into contact with the coating film, and excess coating solution is applied. 3. The method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, further comprising a step of rotating the coating film surface-forming member to remove the coating film from the coating film after scraping off.