JPH1063216A - Driving device for electrochromic device - Google Patents
Driving device for electrochromic deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1063216A JPH1063216A JP8241033A JP24103396A JPH1063216A JP H1063216 A JPH1063216 A JP H1063216A JP 8241033 A JP8241033 A JP 8241033A JP 24103396 A JP24103396 A JP 24103396A JP H1063216 A JPH1063216 A JP H1063216A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- reference voltage
- ecd
- electrochromic
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Landscapes
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、エレクトロクロミ
ック素子の駆動装置に関し、特にエレクトロクロミック
素子の記憶性を活用することにより消費電力を大幅に低
減することができるようにした駆動装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a driving device for an electrochromic device, and more particularly to a driving device capable of greatly reducing power consumption by utilizing the memory characteristics of the electrochromic device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、エレクトロクロミック素子（以
下、ＥＣＤと略す）を濃度階調性を持たせつつ駆動する
技術として、例えば特開昭６４−３１１３１号および特
開昭６４−３１１３２号に開示されたものが知られてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a technique for driving an electrochromic element (hereinafter, abbreviated as ECD) while giving density gradation, it is disclosed in, for example, JP-A-64-31131 and JP-A-64-31132. Are known.
【０００３】これらの従来技術の方法では、ＥＣＤに電
圧を印加しない期間にＥＣＤの両端の電圧を検出し、検
出した電圧を基準電圧と比較してＥＣＤに印加する電圧
の方向を決定していた。この方法によれば、ＥＣＤ両端
の電圧がＥＣＤの発色濃度に対応することから、所望の
発色濃度に対応する基準電圧を設定し、ＥＣＤ両端の電
圧がこの基準電圧と等しくなるようにすることで、ＥＣ
Ｄを任意の所望の発色濃度に制御することが可能であっ
た。In these prior art methods, the voltage across the ECD is detected during a period in which no voltage is applied to the ECD, and the detected voltage is compared with a reference voltage to determine the direction of the voltage applied to the ECD. . According to this method, since the voltage across the ECD corresponds to the color density of the ECD, a reference voltage corresponding to a desired color density is set, and the voltage across the ECD is made equal to this reference voltage. , EC
D could be controlled to any desired color density.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、上述のよう
な従来の駆動方法では、ＥＣＤに電圧を印加しないでそ
の両端の電圧を検出している期間以外は、ＥＣＤには必
ず発色あるいは消色のいずれかの方向に電圧が印加され
ていた。このため、ＥＣＤ両端の電圧が基準電圧からわ
ずかにずれただけで、このずれを補う方向に常に電圧が
印加され、ＥＣＤにはほぼ継続的に電流が流れていた。However, in the conventional driving method as described above, the ECD is always colored or erased except during the period in which the voltage across the ECD is detected without applying a voltage to the ECD. Voltage was applied in either direction. For this reason, even when the voltage at both ends of the ECD slightly deviates from the reference voltage, a voltage is always applied in a direction to compensate for this deviation, and a current flows almost continuously in the ECD.
【０００５】このため、従来の方法では、電圧を印加し
なくても発色状態を保つというＥＣＤの記憶性を十分に
活用しておらず、しかもＥＣＤに継続的に電流が流れる
ため消費電力が大きくなるという不都合があった。For this reason, in the conventional method, the memory property of the ECD, which maintains the color-developed state without applying a voltage, is not fully utilized, and furthermore, a current flows continuously through the ECD, so that the power consumption is large. There was an inconvenience of becoming.
【０００６】本発明は、上記従来技術における問題点に
鑑み、ＥＣＤの駆動装置において、ＥＣＤの記憶性を十
分に活用すると共に、少ない消費電力で所望の発色濃度
に駆動できるようにすることを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a drive device for an ECD that makes full use of the storage characteristics of the ECD and that can be driven to a desired color density with low power consumption. And
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の第１の態様に係
わるエレクトロクロミック素子の駆動装置においては、
前記エレクトロクロミック素子両端の電圧を検出する回
路と、前記エレクトロクロミック素子両端の電圧が所定
の発色状態に対応する基準電圧に対し予め定められた電
圧範囲内にあるか否かを判定する回路と、前記エレクト
ロクロミック素子両端の電圧が前記基準電圧に対し前記
予め定められた範囲内にない場合に前記エレクトロクロ
ミック素子に前記エレクトロクロミック素子両端の電圧
が前記基準電圧に向かう方向に駆動電圧を印加し、かつ
前記エレクトロクロミック素子両端電圧が前記基準電圧
に対し前記範囲内にある場合には前記エレクトロクロミ
ック素子に電圧を印加しないよう制御する駆動制御回路
とが設けられる。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a driving apparatus for an electrochromic device, comprising:
A circuit that detects a voltage across the electrochromic element, and a circuit that determines whether the voltage across the electrochromic element is within a predetermined voltage range with respect to a reference voltage corresponding to a predetermined coloration state, When a voltage across the electrochromic element is not within the predetermined range with respect to the reference voltage, a drive voltage is applied to the electrochromic element such that a voltage across the electrochromic element is directed toward the reference voltage, And a drive control circuit that controls not to apply a voltage to the electrochromic element when a voltage across the electrochromic element is within the range with respect to the reference voltage.
【０００８】このような構成に係わるＥＣＤの駆動装置
では、ＥＣＤ両端の電圧が基準電圧に対し所定範囲内に
なければＥＣＤに駆動電圧が印加されるが、ＥＣＤ両端
電圧が基準電圧に対し所定の範囲内にある場合には駆動
電圧は印加されない。したがって、ＥＣＤの駆動のため
の消費電力を大幅に低減できる。ＥＣＤは等価的には容
量と同様であり、記憶性を有している。したがって、駆
動電圧を印加しなくてもある程度長い時間、元の電圧を
維持することができる。但し実際にはＥＣＤのわずかな
リーク電流のためＥＣＤ両端の電圧は徐々に低下し、消
色していく。したがって、ＥＣＤ両端電圧が基準電圧に
対し前記所定の範囲内から外れた場合には再び駆動電圧
を印加すればよい。したがって、ＥＣＤに駆動電圧を印
加する時間は従来の方法と比較して大幅に短くすること
ができ、消費電力を大幅に低減できる。In the ECD driving apparatus having such a configuration, the driving voltage is applied to the ECD unless the voltage across the ECD is within a predetermined range with respect to the reference voltage. If it is within the range, no drive voltage is applied. Therefore, power consumption for driving the ECD can be significantly reduced. The ECD is equivalent to a capacity equivalently and has a memory property. Therefore, the original voltage can be maintained for a relatively long time without applying the driving voltage. However, in practice, the voltage across the ECD gradually decreases due to a slight leak current of the ECD, and the color disappears. Therefore, when the voltage across the ECD deviates from the predetermined range with respect to the reference voltage, the drive voltage may be applied again. Therefore, the time for applying the drive voltage to the ECD can be significantly reduced as compared with the conventional method, and the power consumption can be significantly reduced.
【０００９】この場合、前記予め定められた電圧範囲の
幅以上の大きさの副基準電圧を供給する回路を備え、前
記基準電圧を変更した時に前記基準電圧と前記エレクト
ロクロミック素子両端の電圧との差が該副基準電圧より
大きくなった場合に前記エレクトロクロミック素子に前
記エレクトロクロミック素子両端の電圧が前記基準電圧
に向かう方向に駆動電圧を印加すると好都合である。In this case, there is provided a circuit for supplying a sub-reference voltage having a magnitude not less than the width of the predetermined voltage range, and when the reference voltage is changed, a difference between the reference voltage and the voltage across the electrochromic element is provided. When the difference is greater than the sub-reference voltage, it is advantageous to apply a drive voltage to the electrochromic element in a direction in which the voltage across the electrochromic element is toward the reference voltage.
【００１０】すなわち、ＥＣＤの発色状態を変えるため
に基準電圧を変更した場合、ＥＣＤ両端の電圧を迅速に
変更された基準電圧に追従させることが必要である。こ
のため、基準電圧を変更したときに基準電圧とＥＣＤ両
端の電圧との差が前記副基準電圧より大きくなった場合
には、直ちに発色あるいは消色方向にＥＣＤに駆動電圧
を印加する。これによって、ＥＣＤ両端の電圧が新たな
基準電圧へと迅速に設定され速い応答性を得ることがで
きる。That is, when the reference voltage is changed in order to change the coloring state of the ECD, it is necessary to cause the voltage across the ECD to quickly follow the changed reference voltage. Therefore, if the difference between the reference voltage and the voltage across the ECD becomes larger than the sub-reference voltage when the reference voltage is changed, the drive voltage is immediately applied to the ECD in the color developing or erasing direction. As a result, the voltage between both ends of the ECD is quickly set to a new reference voltage, and a quick response can be obtained.
【００１１】本発明の第２の態様に係わるエレクトロク
ロミック素子の駆動装置においては、前記エレクトロク
ロミック素子の発色状態に応じた電圧を得るための電圧
検出回路と、エレクトロクロミック素子の所望の発色状
態に対応した基準電圧を設定する基準電圧設定回路と、
前記電圧検出回路の出力信号と前記基準電圧設定回路か
らの基準電圧とを比較するためのヒステリシス特性を有
する比較回路と、前記比較回路の出力に基づき、前記エ
レクトロクロミック素子の電圧と前記基準電圧との差が
前記比較回路によって決定されるヒステリシス電圧幅よ
り小さい場合には、前記エレクトロクロミック素子に電
圧を印加せず、前記エレクトロクロミック素子の電圧と
前記基準電圧との差が前記比較回路によって決定される
ヒステリシス電圧幅より大きい場合には前記エレクトロ
クロミック素子を所望の発色状態にする方向に電圧を印
加する駆動回路とが設けられる。In the electrochromic device driving device according to the second aspect of the present invention, a voltage detecting circuit for obtaining a voltage corresponding to the color developing state of the electrochromic device, and a voltage detecting circuit for changing the electrochromic device to a desired color developing state. A reference voltage setting circuit for setting a corresponding reference voltage,
A comparison circuit having a hysteresis characteristic for comparing an output signal of the voltage detection circuit and a reference voltage from the reference voltage setting circuit, based on an output of the comparison circuit, a voltage of the electrochromic element, the reference voltage, If the difference is smaller than the hysteresis voltage width determined by the comparison circuit, the voltage is not applied to the electrochromic element, and the difference between the voltage of the electrochromic element and the reference voltage is determined by the comparison circuit. And a driving circuit for applying a voltage in a direction in which the electrochromic element is brought into a desired color developing state when the hysteresis voltage width is larger than a certain hysteresis voltage width.
【００１２】このような構成では、ＥＣＤを基準電圧に
相当する発色濃度に調整するために、前記電圧検出回路
によってＥＣＤの両端の電圧を検出する。そして、この
検出した電圧が基準電圧設定回路によって設定された基
準電圧に対し予め定められた範囲内にあるか否かを判定
するためにヒステリシス特性を有する比較回路を使用す
る。そして、ＥＣＤの電圧と基準電圧との差がヒステリ
シス電圧幅より小さい場合にはＥＣＤに電圧を印加せ
ず、ＥＣＤの電圧と基準電圧との差がヒステリシス電圧
幅より大きい場合にはＥＣＤを所望の発色状態に向けて
駆動するよう電圧を印加する。これによって、簡単な構
成でＥＣＤ両端の電圧が基準電圧に対し所定の範囲内に
あるか否かを判定することができる。そして、ＥＣＤの
電圧と基準電圧との差が前記ヒステリシス電圧幅の中に
ある場合には、ＥＣＤの記憶性を活かし電圧を印加しな
い状態、すなわち電気的に切り離された状態またはオフ
状態とすることができ、消費電力を大幅に低減できる。In such a configuration, in order to adjust the ECD to a color density corresponding to the reference voltage, the voltage at both ends of the ECD is detected by the voltage detection circuit. Then, a comparison circuit having a hysteresis characteristic is used to determine whether or not the detected voltage is within a predetermined range with respect to the reference voltage set by the reference voltage setting circuit. When the difference between the ECD voltage and the reference voltage is smaller than the hysteresis voltage width, no voltage is applied to the ECD. When the difference between the ECD voltage and the reference voltage is larger than the hysteresis voltage width, the ECD is set to a desired value. A voltage is applied so as to drive toward a coloring state. This makes it possible to determine with a simple configuration whether or not the voltage across the ECD is within a predetermined range with respect to the reference voltage. When the difference between the voltage of the ECD and the reference voltage is within the hysteresis voltage width, a state where no voltage is applied by utilizing the memory property of the ECD, that is, an electrically disconnected state or an off state. Power consumption can be greatly reduced.
【００１３】さらに、前記比較回路のヒステリシス電圧
幅以上の大きさを有する副基準電圧を供給する副基準電
圧発生回路と、前記エレクトロクロミック素子の電圧と
前記基準電圧との差を表す差電圧を出力する差電圧検出
回路と、前記差電圧と前記副基準電圧発生回路から供給
される副基準電圧とを比較し、前記基準電圧を変更した
時に前記差電圧が前記副基準電圧より大きくなれば前記
エレクトロクロミック素子に駆動電圧を印加して所望の
発色あるいは消色方向に制御するための第２の比較回路
とを設けることもできる。Further, a sub-reference voltage generating circuit for supplying a sub-reference voltage having a magnitude equal to or larger than a hysteresis voltage width of the comparison circuit, and a difference voltage representing a difference between the voltage of the electrochromic element and the reference voltage is output. A difference voltage detection circuit, and compares the difference voltage with a sub reference voltage supplied from the sub reference voltage generation circuit. If the difference voltage becomes larger than the sub reference voltage when the reference voltage is changed, the A second comparison circuit for applying a driving voltage to the chromic element and controlling the chromic element in a desired color developing or erasing direction may be provided.
【００１４】この場合も、ＥＣＤ両端の電圧と基準電圧
との差を表わす差電圧を検出し、この差電圧と前記副基
準電圧発生回路から供給される副基準電圧とを比較する
第２の比較回路を設ける。この第２の比較回路の出力に
基づき、例えば基準電圧が大きく変更された場合などに
はＥＣＤに直ちに駆動電圧が印加され、所望の発色ある
いは消色方向に迅速に駆動が行なわれる。In this case as well, a second comparison for detecting a difference voltage representing a difference between the voltage between both ends of the ECD and the reference voltage and comparing the difference voltage with the sub-reference voltage supplied from the sub-reference voltage generating circuit is performed. Provide a circuit. Based on the output of the second comparison circuit, for example, when the reference voltage is greatly changed, a drive voltage is immediately applied to the ECD, and the drive is quickly performed in a desired color developing or erasing direction.
【００１５】また、前記駆動回路は、第１の電圧源と第
２の電圧源との間に直列接続された第１および第２のト
ランジスタと、前記第１の電圧源と前記第２の電圧源と
の間に直列接続された第３および第４のトランジスタと
を備え、前記エレクトロクロミック素子は前記第１およ
び第２のトランジスタの接続点と前記第３および第４の
トランジスタの接続点との間に接続され、前記エレクト
ロクロミック素子に駆動電圧を印加する場合は、前記第
２および第３のトランジスタを共にオフ状態、前記第１
および第４のトランジスタを共にオン状態として前記エ
レクトロクロミック素子に第１の方向で電圧を印加し、
または前記第１および第４のトランジスタを共にオフと
し前記第２および第３のトランジスタを共にオンとして
前記エレクトロクロミック素子に第２の方向で電圧を印
加し、かつ前記エレクトロクロミック素子に駆動電圧を
印加しない場合は、前記第１、第２、第３および第４の
トランジスタをすべてオフとすることにより前記エレク
トロクロミック素子を他の回路から電気的に切り離すよ
う構成することができる。Further, the driving circuit comprises: first and second transistors connected in series between a first voltage source and a second voltage source; the first voltage source and the second voltage A third transistor and a fourth transistor connected in series between the first and second transistors, and the electrochromic element is connected between a connection point of the first and second transistors and a connection point of the third and fourth transistors. When a driving voltage is applied to the electrochromic element, both the second and third transistors are turned off, and the first and second transistors are turned off.
And the fourth transistor is turned on to apply a voltage to the electrochromic element in a first direction,
Alternatively, the first and fourth transistors are both turned off, the second and third transistors are both turned on, and a voltage is applied to the electrochromic element in a second direction, and a driving voltage is applied to the electrochromic element. If not, the first, second, third, and fourth transistors may be all turned off to electrically disconnect the electrochromic element from other circuits.
【００１６】このような構成では、前記第１〜第４のト
ランジスタをブリッジ構造に接続し、第１および第４の
トランジスタを共にオン状態とすればＥＣＤに第１の方
向で電圧を印加することができ、また第２および第３の
トランジスタを共にオンとすればＥＣＤに前記第１の方
向とは逆の第２の方向で電圧を印加することができる。
また、前記第１〜第４のトランジスタ全てをオフとする
ことによりＥＣＤを他の回路から電気的に完全に切り離
すことができる。したがって、簡単な回路構成で的確に
ＥＣＤの駆動および切り離しを行なうことが可能にな
る。In such a configuration, if the first to fourth transistors are connected in a bridge structure and both the first and fourth transistors are turned on, a voltage is applied to the ECD in the first direction. When both the second and third transistors are turned on, a voltage can be applied to the ECD in a second direction opposite to the first direction.
Further, by turning off all of the first to fourth transistors, the ECD can be completely completely disconnected from other circuits. Therefore, it becomes possible to drive and separate the ECD accurately with a simple circuit configuration.
【００１７】また、以上のようなＥＣＤの駆動装置にお
いて、ＥＣＤ両端の電圧、すなわちＥＣＤの発色状態に
対応する電圧をＥＣＤに電圧を印加しないときに検出す
ると好都合である。このような構成によって駆動回路に
よる影響を受けることなくＥＣＤ両端の電圧を適切に検
出し、ＥＣＤの発色状態を正確に検知することが可能に
なる。In the above-described ECD driving apparatus, it is convenient to detect the voltage across the ECD, that is, the voltage corresponding to the color developing state of the ECD when no voltage is applied to the ECD. With such a configuration, it is possible to appropriately detect the voltage across the ECD without being affected by the drive circuit, and accurately detect the color development state of the ECD.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図面を参照して本発明に係
わるＥＣＤの駆動装置につき説明する。図１は、本発明
の一実施形態に係わるＥＣＤの駆動装置全体の構成を示
す。同図の駆動装置は、ＥＣＤ（Ｄ１）を駆動するため
のトランジスタＱ１，Ｑ２，Ｑ３，Ｑ４からなるブリッ
ジ型駆動回路１と、差電圧検出器３と、ヒステリシス特
性付き比較器５と、第２の差電圧検出器７と、第２の比
較器９と、駆動パルス発生器１１と、クロック発生器１
３と、基準電圧源１５と、副基準電圧源１７とを具備す
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An ECD driving apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an entire configuration of an ECD driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The drive device shown in the figure includes a bridge-type drive circuit 1 including transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 for driving an ECD (D1), a differential voltage detector 3, a comparator 5 with a hysteresis characteristic, Differential voltage detector 7, second comparator 9, drive pulse generator 11, clock generator 1
3, a reference voltage source 15, and a sub-reference voltage source 17.
【００１９】駆動回路１は、電源Ｖｃｃと他の電源、例
えばグラウンド、との間に直列接続されたＰＮＰ型の第
１のトランジスタＱ１と、ＮＰＮ型の第２のトランジス
タＱ２を備えており、さらに電源Ｖｃｃとグラウンド間
に接続されたＰＮＰ型の第３のトランジスタＱ３とＮＰ
Ｎ型の第４のトランジスタＱ４とを備えている。第１の
トランジスタのエミッタおよび第３のトランジスタのエ
ミッタは共に電源Ｖｃｃに接続され、第２のトランジス
タＱ２のエミッタおよび第４のトランジスタのエミッタ
は共にグラウンドに接続されている。The drive circuit 1 includes a PNP-type first transistor Q1 and an NPN-type second transistor Q2 connected in series between a power supply Vcc and another power supply, for example, ground. A third PNP transistor Q3 and NP connected between the power supply Vcc and ground;
And an N-type fourth transistor Q4. The emitter of the first transistor and the emitter of the third transistor are both connected to the power supply Vcc, and the emitter of the second transistor Q2 and the emitter of the fourth transistor are both connected to ground.
【００２０】第１のトランジスタのコレクタと第２のト
ランジスタＱ２のコレクタとはいっしょに接続されて
（ノードＮ１）ＥＣＤの一方の端子に接続されている。
第３のトランジスタＱ３のコレクタと第４のトランジス
タＱ４のコレクタとはいっしょに接続されて（ノードＮ
２）ＥＣＤの他方の端子に接続されている。各トランジ
スタＱ１，Ｑ２，Ｑ３，Ｑ４のベースには駆動パルス発
生器１１から後に説明するように必要な駆動電圧が印加
される。The collector of the first transistor and the collector of the second transistor Q2 are connected together (node N1) and are connected to one terminal of the ECD.
The collector of the third transistor Q3 and the collector of the fourth transistor Q4 are connected together (node N
2) Connected to the other terminal of the ECD. A required drive voltage is applied from the drive pulse generator 11 to the bases of the transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 as described later.
【００２１】差電圧検出器３は演算増幅器Ｕ１および抵
抗Ｒ１，Ｒ２，Ｒ３，Ｒ４によって構成される。演算増
幅器Ｕ１の非反転入力端子は前記駆動回路１の第１の出
力端子Ｎ１から抵抗Ｒ３を介して接続され、反転入力端
子は前記駆動回路１の第２の出力端子Ｎ２から抵抗Ｒ１
を介して接続されている。抵抗Ｒ２は演算増幅器Ｕ１の
出力と反転入力端子との間に接続されている。抵抗Ｒ４
は演算増幅器Ｕ１の非反転入力端子とグラウンド間に接
続されている。このような構成により、差電圧検出器３
は駆動回路１の両出力端子Ｎ１，Ｎ２間の電圧、すなわ
ちＥＣＤ両端の電圧の差に応じた信号を出力する。The difference voltage detector 3 comprises an operational amplifier U1 and resistors R1, R2, R3, R4. The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected from the first output terminal N1 of the driving circuit 1 via a resistor R3, and the inverting input terminal is connected from the second output terminal N2 of the driving circuit 1 to a resistor R1.
Connected through. The resistor R2 is connected between the output of the operational amplifier U1 and the inverting input terminal. Resistance R4
Is connected between the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 and the ground. With such a configuration, the difference voltage detector 3
Outputs a signal corresponding to a voltage between both output terminals N1 and N2 of the drive circuit 1, that is, a voltage difference between both ends of the ECD.
【００２２】ヒステリシス特性付き比較器５は、演算増
幅器Ｕ２と抵抗Ｒ５，Ｒ６を備えている。演算増幅器Ｕ
２の非反転入力端子は抵抗Ｒ５を介して基準電圧源（Ｅ
１）１５に接続されている。演算増幅器Ｕ２の非反転入
力端子と出力との間には抵抗Ｒ６が接続されている。こ
のようなヒステリシス特性付き比較器５は、抵抗Ｒ５，
Ｒ６の値によって定められる所定のヒステリシス電圧幅
を有している。ヒステリシス特性付き比較器５の反転入
力は前記差電圧検出器３の出力に接続され、出力は駆動
パルス発生器１１に供給される。The comparator 5 with a hysteresis characteristic has an operational amplifier U2 and resistors R5 and R6. Operational amplifier U
2 has a non-inverting input terminal connected to a reference voltage source (E
1) Connected to 15. The resistor R6 is connected between the non-inverting input terminal and the output of the operational amplifier U2. The comparator 5 with such a hysteresis characteristic includes a resistor R5
It has a predetermined hysteresis voltage width determined by the value of R6. The inverting input of the comparator with hysteresis characteristic 5 is connected to the output of the difference voltage detector 3, and the output is supplied to the drive pulse generator 11.
【００２３】次に、差電圧検出器７は、演算増幅器Ｕ３
と抵抗Ｒ７，Ｒ８，Ｒ９，Ｒ１０とを備えている。演算
増幅器Ｕ３の非反転入力は抵抗Ｒ９を介して前記差電圧
検出器３の出力接続されかつ抵抗Ｒ１０を介してグラウ
ンドに接続されている。演算増幅器Ｕ３の反転入力は抵
抗Ｒ７を介して前記基準電圧源１５に接続されかつ抵抗
Ｒ８を介して該演算増幅器Ｕ３の出力に接続されてい
る。このような差電圧検出器７は、前記差電圧検出器３
の出力と基準電圧源１５から供給される基準電圧Ｅ１と
の差に対応する出力電圧を生成する。Next, the differential voltage detector 7 has an operational amplifier U3
And resistors R7, R8, R9, and R10. The non-inverting input of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the output of the differential voltage detector 3 via a resistor R9 and to the ground via a resistor R10. The inverting input of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the reference voltage source 15 via a resistor R7 and to the output of the operational amplifier U3 via a resistor R8. Such a differential voltage detector 7 includes the differential voltage detector 3
And the reference voltage E1 supplied from the reference voltage source 15 to generate an output voltage corresponding to the difference.
【００２４】比較器９は、比較器ユニットＵ４で構成さ
れている。比較器ユニットＵ４の反転入力は前記差電圧
検出器７の出力に接続され、非反転入力には副基準電圧
源（Ｅ２）１７からの副基準電圧が供給される。比較器
ユニットＵ４の出力は駆動パルス発生器１１に供給され
る。The comparator 9 comprises a comparator unit U4. The inverting input of the comparator unit U4 is connected to the output of the difference voltage detector 7, and the non-inverting input is supplied with the sub-reference voltage from the sub-reference voltage source (E2) 17. The output of the comparator unit U4 is supplied to the drive pulse generator 11.
【００２５】駆動パルス発生器１１はクロック発生器１
３からのクロック信号に基づきかつヒステリシス特性付
き比較器５および比較器９の出力に基づき駆動パルスを
生成して前記駆動回路１の各トランジスタに供給する。The drive pulse generator 11 is a clock generator 1
A driving pulse is generated based on the clock signal from the comparator 3 and the outputs of the comparators 5 and 9 with hysteresis characteristics and supplied to each transistor of the driving circuit 1.
【００２６】なお、ＥＣＤを駆動するためには、例えば
図２に示されるように、正電圧電源Ｅｐと負電圧電源Ｅ
ｎの出力電圧をスイッチＳ１によって切り換えてＥＣＤ
に供給する方法がある。この方法では、スイッチＳ１を
切り換えることでＥＣＤを発色状態または消色状態へと
駆動することができる。In order to drive the ECD, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a positive voltage power supply Ep and a negative voltage power supply E
n by switching the output voltage of the
There is a way to supply. In this method, the ECD can be driven to the color-developed state or the decolored state by switching the switch S1.
【００２７】あるいは、図３に示すように、図２のスイ
ッチＳ１の代わりにＰＮＰトランジスタＴ１とＮＰＮト
ランジスタＴ２を組合わせた回路を使用することもでき
る。この回路ではトランジスタＴ１またはＴ２をオンと
することによりそれぞれ例えば発色状態または消色状態
へとＥＣＤを駆動することができる。Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3, a circuit combining a PNP transistor T1 and an NPN transistor T2 can be used instead of the switch S1 in FIG. In this circuit, by turning on the transistor T1 or T2, the ECD can be driven to, for example, a color developing state or a color erasing state, respectively.
【００２８】図１に示す実施形態では、ＥＣＤの駆動回
路としてＰＮＰトランジスタとＮＰＮトランジスタを組
合わせたブリッジ型の回路構成を使用している。もちろ
ん、駆動方法としては他の方法でもよく、ＥＣＤに第１
の方向および第２の方向で駆動電圧を印加できるもので
あれば他の回路形式のものを使用することもできる。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a bridge type circuit configuration in which a PNP transistor and an NPN transistor are combined is used as an ECD drive circuit. Of course, any other driving method may be used.
Other circuit types may be used as long as the driving voltage can be applied in the direction of the second direction and the second direction.
【００２９】次に、図１の駆動装置の動作を詳細に説明
する。図１において、駆動回路１は、トランジスタＱ１
〜Ｑ４のオン・オフの組合わせにより多くの動作モード
をとることができるが、本発明では以下の３つの動作モ
ードを使用する。 （１）トランジスタＱ１，Ｑ４がオンでありかつトラン
ジスタＱ２，Ｑ３がオフの場合。この場合はＥＣＤには
図面中に実線で示すように左から右へと電流が流れる。 （２）トランジスタＱ２，Ｑ３がオンでありかつトラン
ジスタＱ１，Ｑ４がオフの場合。この場合は、ＥＣＤに
は図面中に破線で示すように右から左へ電流が流れる。
前記（１）の方向が発色方向とすれば（２）の方向は消
色方向となる。 （３）トランジスタＱ１〜Ｑ４が全てオフの場合。この
場合は、ＥＣＤは駆動回路から電気的に切り離され、Ｅ
ＣＤの記憶性によりオフ状態になる直前の状態、すなわ
ち発色あるいは消色状態、を保持する。Next, the operation of the driving device shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail. In FIG. 1, a driving circuit 1 includes a transistor Q1
Although many operation modes can be set by the combination of ON and OFF of Q4, the present invention uses the following three operation modes. (1) When the transistors Q1 and Q4 are on and the transistors Q2 and Q3 are off. In this case, a current flows through the ECD from left to right as indicated by a solid line in the drawing. (2) When the transistors Q2 and Q3 are on and the transistors Q1 and Q4 are off. In this case, a current flows through the ECD from right to left as indicated by a broken line in the drawing.
If the direction (1) is the color developing direction, the direction (2) is the color erasing direction. (3) When all the transistors Q1 to Q4 are off. In this case, the ECD is electrically disconnected from the drive circuit,
The state immediately before the CD is turned off due to the memory property of the CD, that is, the color developing or erasing state is maintained.
【００３０】このような各動作モードの内、上記（３）
のオフ状態の期間（以下、オフ期間という）を一定時間
間隔ごとに設け、この期間内にＥＣＤ両端の電圧をサン
プリングして検出する。Of these operation modes, (3)
(Hereinafter referred to as an OFF period) is provided at regular time intervals, and during this period, the voltage across the ECD is sampled and detected.
【００３１】サンプリングの回数は、例えば、毎秒５０
回〜２０００回が実用的で、その中でも毎秒２００回〜
１０００回が視覚的に安定した発色状態を維持する上で
最適である。The number of times of sampling is, for example, 50 per second.
Times to 2000 times are practical, of which 200 times per second
1,000 times is optimal for maintaining a visually stable coloring state.
【００３２】図４は、駆動パルス発生器１１において駆
動回路の各スイッチングトランジスタＱ１〜Ｑ４に供給
される駆動パルスを生成するための元になる制御パルス
ＤＰ１、およびＥＣＤの両端電圧を取り込むための制御
パルスＤＰ２の一例を示す。すなわち、駆動回路１の各
スイッチングトランジスタＱ１〜Ｑ４のベースに供給さ
れる各駆動パルスは前記制御パルスＤＰ１に基づき生成
される。制御パルスＤＰ１がハイレベルであるｔ１期間
中は、ＥＣＤに駆動電圧を供給する必要があれば、各ス
イッチングトランジスタＱ１〜Ｑ４のベースに所定のレ
ベルの電圧を加えてこれらのトランジスタの内必要なも
のをオンとすることができる。例えば、トランジスタＱ
１，Ｑ４をオン、トランジスタＱ２，Ｑ３をオフにして
ＥＣＤに実線で示す方向、すなわち左から右方向に電流
を流す場合は、トランジスタＱ１，Ｑ２のベースにはロ
ーレベルの駆動パルスを、トランジスタＱ３，Ｑ４のベ
ースにはハイレベルの駆動パルスを供給する。制御パル
スＤＰ１の期間ｔ２の間は、ＥＣＤはオフ状態とされこ
のｔ２期間中にＥＣＤ両端の電圧が差電圧検出器３によ
って検出され、ＥＣＤ両端電圧の差に対応する電圧が比
較器５などによって比較される。したがってｔ２期間中
は、駆動回路１のスイッチングトランジスタＱ１〜Ｑ４
は全てカットオフとされる。FIG. 4 shows a control pulse DP1 as a source for generating a drive pulse supplied to each of the switching transistors Q1 to Q4 of the drive circuit in the drive pulse generator 11, and a control for taking in a voltage across the ECD. An example of the pulse DP2 is shown. That is, each drive pulse supplied to the base of each of the switching transistors Q1 to Q4 of the drive circuit 1 is generated based on the control pulse DP1. If it is necessary to supply a drive voltage to the ECD during the period t1 when the control pulse DP1 is at a high level, a voltage of a predetermined level is applied to the base of each of the switching transistors Q1 to Q4, and a necessary one of these transistors is applied. Can be turned on. For example, transistor Q
1 and Q4 are turned on and the transistors Q2 and Q3 are turned off and a current flows in the ECD in the direction indicated by the solid line, that is, from left to right, a low-level drive pulse is applied to the bases of the transistors Q1 and Q2. , Q4 are supplied with a high-level drive pulse. During the period t2 of the control pulse DP1, the ECD is turned off, and during this period t2, the voltage across the ECD is detected by the difference voltage detector 3, and the voltage corresponding to the difference between the voltages across the ECD is detected by the comparator 5 and the like. Be compared. Therefore, during the period t2, the switching transistors Q1 to Q4
Are all cut off.
【００３３】制御パルスＤＰ１のｔ２期間中に、ＥＣＤ
の両端の電圧の差に対応する電圧が差電圧検出器３によ
って出力されヒステリシス特性付き比較器５および第２
の差電圧検出器７に供給される。ヒステリシス特性付き
比較器５においては、この差に対応する電圧が基準電圧
源１５から供給される基準電圧Ｅ１と比較される。ヒス
テリシス特性付き比較器５は前記差電圧が基準電圧Ｅ１
から所定のヒステリシス電圧幅を超えて外れている場合
には、駆動パルス発生器１１に所定の論理レベルの出力
信号を与える。駆動パルス発生器１１は前記制御パルス
ＤＰ２の立上りの部分でヒステリシス特性付き比較器５
の出力電圧を取り込み、必要な駆動パルスを生成して駆
動回路１のスイッチングトランジスタに供給する。これ
によって、制御パルスＤＰ１のｔ１期間中のＥＣＤの発
色または消色状態への制御が行なわれる。また、ヒステ
リシス特性付き比較器５において、前記差電圧検出器３
からの差電圧が基準電圧Ｅ１からヒステリシス電圧幅以
内の値である場合には、駆動パルス発生器１１は制御パ
ルスｔ２の期間中に取り込んだ比較器５の出力に基づき
制御パルスＤＰ１のｔ１期間中においてＥＣＤをオフ状
態となるよう制御する。During the period t2 of the control pulse DP1, the ECD
Corresponding to the difference between the voltages at both ends of the comparator 5 is output by the difference voltage detector 3 and the comparator 5 with the hysteresis characteristic and the second
Is supplied to the differential voltage detector 7. In the comparator 5 with the hysteresis characteristic, the voltage corresponding to the difference is compared with the reference voltage E1 supplied from the reference voltage source 15. The comparator 5 with the hysteresis characteristic indicates that the difference voltage is equal to the reference voltage E1.
, The drive pulse generator 11 is supplied with an output signal having a predetermined logic level. The drive pulse generator 11 generates a comparator 5 having a hysteresis characteristic at the rising portion of the control pulse DP2.
, And generates a necessary drive pulse and supplies it to the switching transistor of the drive circuit 1. As a result, the ECD is controlled to be in the color developing or erasing state during the t1 period of the control pulse DP1. In the comparator 5 with the hysteresis characteristic, the difference voltage detector 3
Is less than the reference voltage E1 within the hysteresis voltage width, the drive pulse generator 11 performs the control pulse DP1 during the t1 period based on the output of the comparator 5 captured during the control pulse t2. Is controlled so that the ECD is turned off.
【００３４】前記差電圧検出器３の差電圧出力は第２の
差電圧検出器７にも入力され、前記基準電圧Ｅ１との差
に対応する電圧が得られる。この差電圧検出器７の出力
は第２の比較器９に供給され、副基準電圧源１７から供
給される副基準電圧Ｅ２と比較される。そして差電圧検
出器７の出力電圧が副基準電圧Ｅ２より大きければ比較
器９は例えばローレベルの制御信号を出力し駆動パルス
発生器１１に供給する。駆動パルス発生器１１は、これ
に応じて駆動回路１の所定のトランジスタに駆動パルス
を供給しＥＣＤを直ちに発色あるいは消色方向に駆動す
る。The difference voltage output of the difference voltage detector 3 is also input to a second difference voltage detector 7, and a voltage corresponding to the difference from the reference voltage E1 is obtained. The output of the difference voltage detector 7 is supplied to a second comparator 9 and compared with a sub-reference voltage E2 supplied from a sub-reference voltage source 17. If the output voltage of the difference voltage detector 7 is higher than the sub-reference voltage E2, the comparator 9 outputs a low-level control signal, for example, and supplies it to the drive pulse generator 11. The drive pulse generator 11 supplies a drive pulse to a predetermined transistor of the drive circuit 1 in response to the drive pulse, and immediately drives the ECD in a color developing or erasing direction.
【００３５】駆動パルス発生器１１は前記ヒステリシス
特性付き比較器５および第２の比較器９のいずれかから
ＥＣＤを駆動することを要求する制御信号が供給された
場合には、上述のように駆動回路１のスイッチングトラ
ンジスタＱ１〜Ｑ４の内必要なものをオンとしてＥＣＤ
に発色または消色方向への駆動電圧を印加する。これに
対し、ヒステリシス特性付き比較器５および第２の比較
器９のいずれもＥＣＤの駆動を指示する制御信号を出力
していなければ、駆動回路１の全てのスイッチングトラ
ンジスタＱ１〜Ｑ４をカットオフし、ＥＣＤを電気的に
切り離す。この状態では、ＥＣＤはほぼ切り離される直
前の電圧を維持するが、わずかなリーク電流のため両端
の電圧が徐々に低下し、消色する方向に向かう。When a control signal requesting to drive the ECD is supplied from one of the comparator with hysteresis characteristic 5 and the second comparator 9, the drive pulse generator 11 is driven as described above. A required one of the switching transistors Q1 to Q4 of the circuit 1 is turned on and the ECD is turned on.
, A driving voltage in the color developing or erasing direction is applied. On the other hand, if neither the comparator 5 with the hysteresis characteristic nor the second comparator 9 outputs a control signal instructing the drive of the ECD, all the switching transistors Q1 to Q4 of the drive circuit 1 are cut off. , And electrically disconnect the ECD. In this state, the ECD maintains the voltage almost immediately before disconnection, but the voltage at both ends gradually decreases due to a slight leak current, and the color tends to disappear.
【００３６】図４に示される制御パルスを使用した場合
には、ＥＣＤ両端の電圧を検出するためのサンプリング
は毎秒５００回行なわれ、このようなサンプリングのた
めのオフ期間は制御パルスＤＰ１の１周期の５％（１０
０マイクロセカンド：μｓ）となる。When the control pulse shown in FIG. 4 is used, sampling for detecting the voltage across the ECD is performed 500 times per second, and the off period for such sampling is one cycle of the control pulse DP1. 5% (10
0 microseconds: μs).
【００３７】次に、図５を参照して、ＥＣＤ両端の電圧
の変化、すなわちＥＣＤの発色度合の変化、を時系列的
に示しながら本発明の駆動装置の動作を具体的に説明す
る。Next, with reference to FIG. 5, the operation of the driving device of the present invention will be described in detail while chronologically showing a change in voltage between both ends of the ECD, that is, a change in the degree of coloring of the ECD.
【００３８】まず、時刻ｔ＝０のときＥＣＤが消色状態
（ａ点）からスタートするものとする。この状態では、
ＥＣＤには両端電圧が上昇する方向に駆動電圧が印加さ
れ、Ａ部に向かって時間と共にＥＣＤ両端の電圧は増加
し、ＥＣＤはより高い濃度の発色状態へと変化してい
く。First, it is assumed that the ECD starts from the decolored state (point a) at time t = 0. In this state,
A drive voltage is applied to the ECD in a direction in which the voltage at both ends increases, and the voltage at both ends of the ECD increases with time toward part A, and the ECD changes to a higher density color developing state.
【００３９】ＥＣＤ両端の電圧がヒステリシス電圧幅を
含む基準電圧の上限値に達すると（ｂ点）、以後駆動回
路１はＥＣＤから切り離されオフ状態が継続する。ＥＣ
Ｄが理想的なものであればオフ状態ではＥＣＤにリーク
電流は存在しないが、実際にはＥＣＤの不完全性などか
らわずかにリークし、Ａ部に示すように、ＥＣＤ両端の
電圧は徐々に低下し、消色していく。すなわち、図５の
グラフでほぼ水平となっている箇所はオフ期間を示して
いる。本発明では、この期間はＥＣＤを駆動回路１から
切り離し電圧が印加されないようにしているので、消費
電力が大幅に低減できる。When the voltage between both ends of the ECD reaches the upper limit value of the reference voltage including the hysteresis voltage width (point b), the drive circuit 1 is disconnected from the ECD and the off state continues. EC
If D is an ideal one, there is no leakage current in the ECD in the off state. However, in reality, there is a slight leakage due to incompleteness of the ECD and the voltage across the ECD gradually increases as shown in the part A. It decreases and fades. That is, in the graph of FIG. 5, a substantially horizontal portion indicates an off period. In the present invention, since the ECD is disconnected from the drive circuit 1 during this period so that no voltage is applied, the power consumption can be significantly reduced.
【００４０】オフ期間にＥＣＤ両端の電圧が徐々に低下
し、やがてヒステリシス電圧を含む基準電圧の下限値に
達すると、ＥＣＤに電圧が印加され、発色状態となり、
再びヒステリシス電圧幅を含む基準電圧の上限値に達す
る。以後はこのような動作の繰り返しによってＥＣＤ両
端の電圧がヒステリシス電圧幅を含む基準電圧の上限値
と下限値との間に維持され、ほぼ基準電圧に対応する発
色状態が維持される。When the voltage between both ends of the ECD gradually decreases during the off period and eventually reaches the lower limit value of the reference voltage including the hysteresis voltage, a voltage is applied to the ECD, and the ECD is colored,
It again reaches the upper limit of the reference voltage including the hysteresis voltage width. Thereafter, by repeating such an operation, the voltage between both ends of the ECD is maintained between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the reference voltage including the hysteresis voltage width, and the coloring state substantially corresponding to the reference voltage is maintained.
【００４１】次に、基準電圧を変化させた場合の動作に
つき図５をも参照して説明する。 （１）基準電圧の変化幅が副基準電圧より小さいとき
は、上に述べた一連の動作が同様に行なわれる。すなわ
ち、新たに設定された基準電圧のヒステリシス電圧幅の
中で発色状態への電圧印加とオフ状態の２つをとる。し
たがって、発色濃度の変化はゆっくりしたものとなる。 （２）基準電圧の変化幅が副基準電圧より大きい場合
は、図１に示す第２の比較器９によってこの状態が検出
され、駆動パルス発生器１１が直ちにＥＣＤの発色ある
いは消色方向に電圧を印加する。これにより速い応答性
を得ることができる。すなわち、この場合は第２の比較
器９が効果的に機能し、基準電圧の値に応じてＥＣＤを
適切な方向に駆動する。 （３）基準電圧の変化幅が副基準電圧と全く同じ状態は
数学的には考えられるが、実際の回路では上記（１）ま
たは（２）のいずれかの状態となり、それぞれの状態に
応じた動作が行なわれる。Next, the operation when the reference voltage is changed will be described with reference to FIG. (1) When the variation width of the reference voltage is smaller than the sub-reference voltage, the above-described series of operations is performed in the same manner. That is, within the hysteresis voltage width of the newly set reference voltage, there are two states: voltage application to the color development state and off state. Therefore, the color density changes slowly. (2) If the change width of the reference voltage is larger than the sub-reference voltage, this state is detected by the second comparator 9 shown in FIG. 1, and the drive pulse generator 11 immediately outputs the voltage in the ECD color developing or erasing direction. Is applied. Thereby, a quick response can be obtained. That is, in this case, the second comparator 9 functions effectively, and drives the ECD in an appropriate direction according to the value of the reference voltage. (3) A state in which the variation width of the reference voltage is exactly the same as that of the sub-reference voltage can be mathematically considered. However, in an actual circuit, the state is one of the states (1) and (2), and the state depends on each state. The operation is performed.
【００４２】図５に示す軌跡では、Ｂ部とＣ部に基準電
圧を副基準電圧より大きく変化させたときのＥＣＤ両端
の電圧変化の一例を示している。The locus shown in FIG. 5 shows an example of a voltage change between both ends of the ECD when the reference voltage is changed to be larger than the sub-reference voltage in the portions B and C.
【００４３】Ｂ部は基準電圧を下げた場合を示し、ＥＣ
Ｄには消色方向に電圧が印加され、ヒステリシス電圧幅
を含む基準電圧の上限値に達するとオフ状態になること
が示されている。Part B shows the case where the reference voltage is lowered, and EC
It is shown that a voltage is applied to D in the decoloring direction, and when the voltage reaches the upper limit value of the reference voltage including the hysteresis voltage width, the transistor D is turned off.
【００４４】Ｃ部は基準電圧を上げた場合を示し、ＥＣ
Ｄには発色方向に電圧が印加され、ヒステリシス電圧幅
を含む基準電圧の上限値に達するとオフ状態になること
が示されている。Part C shows a case where the reference voltage is increased.
It is shown that a voltage is applied to D in the color developing direction, and when the voltage reaches the upper limit value of the reference voltage including the hysteresis voltage width, D is turned off.
【００４５】本発明に係わるＥＣＤの駆動装置では、Ｅ
ＣＤの発色濃度は実際にはヒステリシス特性付き比較器
５のヒステリシス電圧幅の中で変化しているのであるか
ら、この電圧幅は実用上、濃度変化が目立たない程度と
することが望まれる。このヒステリシス電圧幅の設定は
エレクトロクロミック発色材の種類や素子構造などの差
異に応じて適宜変えることが望ましい場合もある。In the ECD driving apparatus according to the present invention,
Since the color density of the CD actually changes within the hysteresis voltage width of the comparator 5 with the hysteresis characteristic, it is desired that this voltage width is practically such that the density change is inconspicuous. In some cases, it is desirable to appropriately change the setting of the hysteresis voltage width depending on the type of the electrochromic coloring material, the element structure, and the like.
【００４６】一例として、エレクトロクロミック発色材
に酸化タングステンを使用した場合、発色時印加できる
最大電圧は１．２Ｖ〜１．５Ｖ程度であり、発色濃度変
化が目立たないＥＣＤ両端の電圧変化幅は０．０５Ｖ〜
０．２Ｖ程度である。したがって、ヒステリシス電圧幅
もこの０．０５Ｖ〜０．２Ｖ程度に設定するのが最適で
ある。As an example, when tungsten oxide is used as the electrochromic coloring material, the maximum voltage that can be applied at the time of coloring is about 1.2 V to 1.5 V, and the voltage variation width between both ends of the ECD where the variation in coloring density is inconspicuous is zero. .05V-
It is about 0.2V. Therefore, it is optimal to set the hysteresis voltage width to about 0.05 V to 0.2 V.
【００４７】同様に、前記副基準電圧はヒステリシス電
圧よりやや大きい程度、すなわち上記の例の場合では
０．１Ｖ〜０．３Ｖ程度に設定するのが最適である。Similarly, the sub-reference voltage is optimally set to a level slightly larger than the hysteresis voltage, that is, about 0.1 V to 0.3 V in the case of the above example.
【００４８】[0048]
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明によれば、ＥＣＤ
両端の電圧が所望の発色濃度に対応する基準電圧に対し
所定の電圧範囲内に入ると、すなわちほぼ一度設定され
た濃度に達すると、その設定を変化させない限り、ＥＣ
Ｄと駆動回路とを切り離したオフ状態とする。これによ
って、ＥＣＤをたえず駆動することがなくなり駆動のた
めの消費電力を大幅に低減できる。また、ＥＣＤ両端の
電圧が前記基準電圧から所定の電圧範囲以上離れた場合
には、ＥＣＤに駆動電圧が印加され、直ちに所望の発色
濃度に戻される。したがって、駆動装置の消費電力を大
幅に低減し、かつ高速度の応答が可能になる。As described above, according to the present invention, the ECD
When the voltage at both ends falls within a predetermined voltage range with respect to the reference voltage corresponding to the desired color density, that is, when the density reaches a set density almost once, the EC is maintained unless the setting is changed.
D and the drive circuit are cut off. As a result, the ECD is not constantly driven, and the power consumption for driving can be significantly reduced. When the voltage between both ends of the ECD deviates from the reference voltage by a predetermined voltage range or more, a drive voltage is applied to the ECD, and the ECD is immediately returned to a desired color density. Therefore, the power consumption of the drive device is greatly reduced, and a high-speed response is possible.
【００４９】また、本発明では、前記所定の電圧範囲の
幅以上の大きさの副基準電圧を設定し、前記基準電圧が
変更された場合に、この副基準電圧を使用して必要な場
合に直ちにＥＣＤを駆動するよう構成したから、基準電
圧が変化する場合にも高速度でＥＣＤ両端の電圧を追従
させることができ、迅速に所望の発色濃度に駆動するこ
とが可能になる。Further, according to the present invention, a sub-reference voltage having a magnitude equal to or larger than the width of the predetermined voltage range is set, and when the reference voltage is changed, the sub-reference voltage is used when necessary. Since the configuration is such that the ECD is driven immediately, even when the reference voltage changes, the voltage across the ECD can be followed at a high speed, and it is possible to drive quickly to a desired color density.
【図１】本発明の一実施形態に係わるＥＣＤの駆動装置
の構成を示すブロック回路図である。FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram showing a configuration of an ECD driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】ＥＣＤの駆動方法の一例を示す説明的電気回路
図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory electric circuit diagram showing an example of an ECD driving method.
【図３】ＥＣＤの他の駆動方法の例を示す説明的電気回
路図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory electric circuit diagram showing an example of another driving method of the ECD.
【図４】図１のＥＣＤの駆動装置における駆動制御パル
スの一例を示す信号波形図である。FIG. 4 is a signal waveform diagram illustrating an example of a drive control pulse in the ECD drive device of FIG. 1;
【図５】本発明に係わるＥＣＤの駆動装置の動作を説明
するための、時間経過に応じたＥＣＤ両端の電圧（発色
濃度）を示す例示的電圧信号波形図である。FIG. 5 is an exemplary voltage signal waveform diagram showing voltage (color density) at both ends of the ECD as time elapses, for explaining the operation of the ECD driving device according to the present invention.
１ 駆動回路 ３ 差電圧検出器 ５ ヒステリシス特性付き比較器 ７ 第２の差電圧検出器 ９ 第２の比較器 １１ 駆動パルス発生器 １３ クロック発生器 １５ 基準電圧源 １７ 副基準電圧源 Ｄ１ エレクトロクロミック素子（ＥＣＤ） Ｑ１，Ｑ２，Ｑ３，Ｑ４ スイッチングトランジスタ Ｕ１，Ｕ３ 演算増幅器 Ｕ２，Ｕ４ 比較器 Ｒ１，Ｒ２，…，Ｒ１０ 抵抗 Ｅ１ 基準電圧 Ｅ２ 副基準電圧 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 drive circuit 3 difference voltage detector 5 comparator with hysteresis characteristic 7 second difference voltage detector 9 second comparator 11 drive pulse generator 13 clock generator 15 reference voltage source 17 sub-reference voltage source D1 electrochromic element (ECD) Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 Switching transistor U1, U3 Operational amplifier U2, U4 Comparator R1, R2,..., R10 Resistance E1 Reference voltage E2 Secondary reference voltage
Claims (6)
あって、 前記エレクトロクロミック素子両端の電圧を検出する回
路と、 前記エレクトロクロミック素子両端の電圧が所定の発色
状態に対応する基準電圧に対し予め定められた電圧範囲
内にあるか否かを判定する回路と、 前記エレクトロクロミック素子両端の電圧が前記基準電
圧に対し前記予め定められた範囲内にない場合に前記エ
レクトロクロミック素子に前記エレクトロクロミック素
子両端の電圧が前記基準電圧に向かう方向に駆動電圧を
印加し、かつ前記エレクトロクロミック素子両端電圧が
前記基準電圧に対し前記範囲内にある場合には前記エレ
クトロクロミック素子に電圧を印加しないよう制御する
駆動制御回路と、 を具備することを特徴とするエレクトロクロミック素子
の駆動装置。1. A driving device for an electrochromic device, comprising: a circuit for detecting a voltage across the electrochromic device; and a voltage across the electrochromic device being predetermined with respect to a reference voltage corresponding to a predetermined coloring state. A circuit for determining whether the voltage is within a predetermined voltage range, and a voltage between both ends of the electrochromic element when the voltage across the electrochromic element is not within the predetermined range with respect to the reference voltage. Drive control for applying a drive voltage in a direction toward the reference voltage and controlling not to apply a voltage to the electrochromic element when a voltage across the electrochromic element is within the range with respect to the reference voltage. And an electrochromic device, comprising: Operated device.
幅以上の大きさの副基準電圧を供給する回路を備え、前
記基準電圧を変更した時に前記基準電圧と前記エレクト
ロクロミック素子両端の電圧との差が該副基準電圧より
大きくなった場合に前記エレクトロクロミック素子に前
記エレクトロクロミック素子両端の電圧が前記基準電圧
に向かう方向に駆動電圧を印加することを特徴とする請
求項１に記載のエレクトロクロミック素子の駆動装置。2. A circuit for supplying a sub-reference voltage having a magnitude equal to or larger than the width of the predetermined voltage range, wherein when the reference voltage is changed, the reference voltage, the voltage across the electrochromic element, The driving voltage is applied to the electrochromic element in a direction in which a voltage between both ends of the electrochromic element is directed toward the reference voltage when the difference between the two is larger than the sub-reference voltage. Chromic element driving device.
あって、 前記エレクトロクロミック素子の発色状態に応じた電圧
を得るための電圧検出回路と、 エレクトロクロミック素子の所望の発色状態に対応した
基準電圧を設定する基準電圧設定回路と、 前記電圧検出回路の出力信号と前記基準電圧設定回路か
らの基準電圧とを比較するためのヒステリシス特性を有
する比較回路と、 前記比較回路の出力に基づき、前記エレクトロクロミッ
ク素子の電圧と前記基準電圧との差が前記比較回路によ
って決定されるヒステリシス電圧幅より小さい場合に
は、前記エレクトロクロミック素子に電圧を印加せず、
前記エレクトロクロミック素子の電圧と前記基準電圧と
の差が前記比較回路によって決定されるヒステリシス電
圧幅より大きい場合には前記エレクトロクロミック素子
を所望の発色状態にする方向に電圧を印加する駆動回路
と、 を具備することを特徴とするエレクトロクロミック素子
の駆動装置。3. A driving device for an electrochromic element, comprising: a voltage detection circuit for obtaining a voltage corresponding to a color development state of the electrochromic element; and a reference voltage corresponding to a desired color development state of the electrochromic element. A reference voltage setting circuit, a comparison circuit having a hysteresis characteristic for comparing an output signal of the voltage detection circuit with a reference voltage from the reference voltage setting circuit, and an electrochromic element based on an output of the comparison circuit. When the difference between the reference voltage and the reference voltage is smaller than the hysteresis voltage width determined by the comparison circuit, no voltage is applied to the electrochromic element,
When the difference between the voltage of the electrochromic element and the reference voltage is larger than the hysteresis voltage width determined by the comparison circuit, a drive circuit that applies a voltage in a direction to bring the electrochromic element into a desired color developing state, A driving device for an electrochromic device, comprising:
圧幅以上の大きさを有する副基準電圧を供給する副基準
電圧発生回路と、 前記エレクトロクロミック素子の電圧と前記基準電圧と
の差を表す差電圧を出力する差電圧検出回路と、 前記差電圧と前記副基準電圧発生回路から供給される副
基準電圧とを比較し、前記基準電圧を変更した時に前記
差電圧が前記副基準電圧より大きくなれば前記エレクト
ロクロミック素子に駆動電圧を印加して所望の発色ある
いは消色方向に制御するための第２の比較回路と、 を具備することを特徴とする請求項３に記載のエレクト
ロクロミック素子の駆動装置。4. A sub-reference voltage generation circuit for supplying a sub-reference voltage having a magnitude equal to or greater than a hysteresis voltage width of the comparison circuit, and a difference voltage representing a difference between a voltage of the electrochromic element and the reference voltage. A difference voltage detection circuit that outputs the difference voltage and the sub reference voltage supplied from the sub reference voltage generation circuit, and when the reference voltage is changed, the difference voltage is greater than the sub reference voltage. The driving device for an electrochromic device according to claim 3, further comprising: a second comparison circuit for applying a driving voltage to the electrochromic device to control the electrochromic device in a desired coloring or decoloring direction. .
電圧源との間に直列接続された第１および第２のトラン
ジスタと、前記第１の電圧源と前記第２の電圧源との間
に直列接続された第３および第４のトランジスタとを備
え、前記エレクトロクロミック素子は前記第１および第
２のトランジスタの接続点と前記第３および第４のトラ
ンジスタの接続点との間に接続され、 前記エレクトロクロミック素子に駆動電圧を印加する場
合は、前記第２および第３のトランジスタを共にオフ状
態、前記第１および第４のトランジスタを共にオン状態
として前記エレクトロクロミック素子に第１の方向で電
圧を印加し、または前記第１および第４のトランジスタ
を共にオフとし前記第２および第３のトランジスタを共
にオンとして前記エレクトロクロミック素子に第２の方
向で電圧を印加し、かつ前記エレクトロクロミック素子
に駆動電圧を印加しない場合は、前記第１、第２、第３
および第４のトランジスタをすべてオフとすることによ
り前記エレクトロクロミック素子を他の回路から電気的
に切り離すことを特徴とする請求項３または４に記載の
エレクトロクロミック素子の駆動装置。5. The driving circuit includes: first and second transistors connected in series between a first voltage source and a second voltage source; and the first voltage source and the second voltage. A third transistor and a fourth transistor connected in series between the first and second transistors, and the electrochromic element is connected between a connection point of the first and second transistors and a connection point of the third and fourth transistors. When a driving voltage is applied to the electrochromic element, the second and third transistors are both turned off, and the first and fourth transistors are both turned on. A voltage in the direction of 1 or turning off the first and fourth transistors and turning on both the second and third transistors. A voltage in a second direction is applied to the click device, and when not applying a driving voltage to the electrochromic device, the first, second, third
5. The driving device for an electrochromic device according to claim 3, wherein the electrochromic device is electrically disconnected from other circuits by turning off all the fourth transistors.
ミック素子に電圧を印加しない時に前記エレクトロクロ
ミック素子の発色状態に対応する電圧を検出することを
特徴とする請求項３〜５のいずれか１項に記載のエレク
トロクロミック素子の駆動装置。6. The voltage detection circuit according to claim 3, wherein the voltage detection circuit detects a voltage corresponding to a coloring state of the electrochromic element when no voltage is applied to the electrochromic element. A driving device for the electrochromic device according to any one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8241033A JPH1063216A (en) | 1996-08-23 | 1996-08-23 | Driving device for electrochromic device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8241033A JPH1063216A (en) | 1996-08-23 | 1996-08-23 | Driving device for electrochromic device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1063216A true JPH1063216A (en) | 1998-03-06 |
Family
ID=17068331
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8241033A Pending JPH1063216A (en) | 1996-08-23 | 1996-08-23 | Driving device for electrochromic device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH1063216A (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000017703A1 (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-03-30 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling an electrochromic device |
| EP1065557A2 (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2001-01-03 | EADS Airbus GmbH | Method of regulating the transmittance of an electrochromic glass |
| US8213074B1 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2012-07-03 | Soladigm, Inc. | Onboard controller for multistate windows |
| US8254013B2 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2012-08-28 | Soladigm, Inc. | Controlling transitions in optically switchable devices |
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-
1996
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| WO2000017703A1 (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-03-30 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling an electrochromic device |
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